Pyrrhus of Epirus - Knowledge (XXG)

1097:, Pyrrhus's main allies in Greece. Pyrrhus felt threatened enough to make an alliance with Antigonus Gonatas. In 284 BC, Lysimachus invaded Pyrrhus's half of Macedonia with a huge army. Unable to stand against Lysimachus's superior army Pyrrhus retreated and linked up with Antigonus Gonatas. Lysimachus started a propaganda campaign in which he appealed to the patriotism of the Macedonians serving Pyrrhus. He reminded them that Pyrrhus was in fact a foreign king while he himself was a true Macedonian. The campaign was successful. With his Macedonian troops turning against him Pyrrhus had no other choice but to withdraw to Epirus. Lysimachus invaded and plundered Epirus the following year. Pyrrhus did not oppose Lysimachus for he was probably fighting a war in Illyria to the north. According to Pausanius, "Pyrrhus was roaming around as usual". 844: 765: 1404: 1392: 1469: 1069:. When the Macedonian army heard that their homeland was being overrun by Pyrrhus, they turned on Demetrius. They were fed up with his autocratic rule and grandiose plans and refused to advance any further. Demetrius then led his army against Pyrrhus, probably hoping that his Macedonians would be more willing to fight a foreign invader rather than Lysimachus, a veteran of Alexander. Unfortunately for Demetrius, his troops were so fed up with him that they deserted to Pyrrhus and he had to flee. Lysimachus was soon joined by Pyrrhus and they decided to share rulership over Macedonia. 1049:

Pyrrhus to individual combat, and Pyrrhus accepted. After hurling spears at each other they fought it out with swords. Pyrrhus was wounded, but in return wounded his opponent twice, in the thigh and in the neck. Pantauchus' bodyguards had to carry him away. Emboldened by their king's victory, the Epirotes resumed their attack and broke Pantauchus' army, and took 5,000 prisoners. The army then honoured Pyrrhus by bestowing the surname of 'Eagle' upon him. Demetrius, upon hearing of Pyrrhus's victory, marched back to Macedon. Pyrrhus released his prisoners and marched back to Epirus.

876: 1349:. For two months he launched unsuccessful assaults on the city, until finally he realized he could not mount an effective siege without blockading it from the sea as well. Pyrrhus then requested manpower and money from the Sicilians in order to construct a powerful fleet. When the Sicilians became unhappy about these contributions he had to resort to compulsory contributions and force to keep them in line. These measures culminated in him proclaiming a military dictatorship of Sicily and installing military garrisons in Sicilian cities. 1368: 1045:, hoping to neutralize them before he invaded Epirus. The Aetolians refused battle and retreated into the hills. After ransacking the Aetolians' countryside, Demetrius left a strong force under his best general Pantauchus in Aetolia and marched on Epirus. Meanwhile, Pyrrhus had raised his army and was marching to the rescue of his Aetolian allies. The two armies, on different roads, passed one another and Demetrius started plundering Epirus while Pyrrhus met Pantauchus in battle. 1061:

Diadochi Lysimachus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus allied against him. The three kings sent embassies to Pyrrhus trying to win him over to their side or at least get him to remain neutral. If the allies won and Pyrrhus remained neutral he would gain nothing. If on the other hand Demetrius would be victorious he could overwhelm Pyrrhus at any time in the future. Pyrrhus's personal enmity against Demetrius might have played an additional role in his decision to join the allies.

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defeated. In spite of this victory, Sicily continued to grow increasingly hostile to Pyrrhus, who began to consider abandoning Sicily. At this point, Samnite and Tarentine envoys reached Pyrrhus and informed him that of all the Greek cities in Italy, only Tarentum had not been conquered by Rome. Pyrrhus made his decision and departed from Sicily. As his ship left the island, he turned and, foreshadowing the

1603:", which stems from a statement he is alleged to have made following the Battle of Asculum. In response to congratulations for winning a costly victory over the Romans, he is reported to have said: "If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined". The term Pyrrhic Victory has therefore come to signify a victory that was won at such cost that it loses all worth. 1403: 958:. Pyrrhus probably fought with Demetrius on the right wing, a place of honour, and made a brilliant display of valour among the combatants. Despite these brave efforts, Antigonus lost both the battle and his life. Demetrius, victorious on his wing, managed to escape with 9,000 men, and Pyrrhus continued to serve his brother-in-law as he started rebuilding Antigonus' empire. 867:, where Antigonus was building up his forces, he shifted his attention from west to the east. Aeacides took advantage of the situation and returned to Epirus. He appears to have regained popularity and raised a large army. Cassander sent an army under his brother Philip who defeated Aeacides in two battles. Aeacides was wounded in the last battle and died soon after. 1155:, the Tarentines grew nervous and attacked the Romans in Thurii, driving the Roman garrison from the city and sinking several Roman warships. Tarentum was now faced with a Roman attack and certain defeat, unless they could enlist the aid of greater powers. Rome had already made itself into a major power, and was poised to subdue all the Greek cities in 1446:, so Pyrrhus sent against him part of his army, to prevent him from reinforcing Curius, whom Pyrrhus himself was left to deal with. He set out at night in order to reach his enemy secretly. However, the dense vegetation of the area caused problems for his men, who finally arrived at daylight, when they were tired and impossible to pass unnoticed. 812:

achieve anything. When the mutineers arrived in Epirus they caused a rebellion against their absent king and Aeacides was dethroned. Cassander sent one of his generals, Lyciscus, to act as regent to the still underaged Neoptolemus. Epirus in effect became a puppet kingdom of Cassander. Pyrrhus' family fled north and took refuge with

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erecting a bust to him and allowing him into the city for the celebrations. However, they did not allow his army to enter the city, probably fearing Pyrrhus would install a garrison and make himself overlord of Athens. Pyrrhus made the most of the situation and advised the Athenians never to let a king enter their city again.

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and city states of the Hellenistic world to put on a united front against Rome resulted in their absorption into the Roman Empire or, in the case of some, the reduction to the status of a Roman client state. By 197 BC, Macedonia and many southern Greek city-states became Roman client states; in 188 BC, the

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by the Romans brought them into direct competition with Carthage, ultimately leading to the First Punic War. Rome's victory in this conflict arguably transformed it from a regional power to one of the most powerful states in the Mediterranean. Over the next century the failure of the various Kingdoms

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Pyrrhus and Demetrius made peace once more but, like all previous agreements, it did not last. When Demetrius, in 286 BC, invaded Asia in order to attack Lysimachus's Asian domains, Lysimachus requested that Pyrrhus invade Thessaly and from there attack Demetrius' garrisons in Greece. Pyrrhus agreed,

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Demetrius, just as restless as Pyrrhus, planned to invade Asia and reclaim his father's old domains. He first made peace with Pyrrhus granting him his holdings in Macedonia while holding on to Corcyra and Leucas, then he started to raise a vast army and a huge fleet. Faced with this threat, the other

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Pyrrhus returned to Epirus at the head of an army, but not willing to fight a civil war he agreed to rule Epirus together with Neoptolemus. Soon both kings started to plot against one another. Pyrrhus was informed of a plot against his life and decided to strike first. He invited his fellow king to a

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and marched on Macedon. In 317 BC, when Pyrrhus was only two, Olympias requested Aeacides' support yet again and he marched on Macedon a second time. Many of his soldiers did not like their service and mutinied. Aeacides released these soldiers from his army, but as a result his army was too small to

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in the narrow city streets, Pyrrhus was trapped. While he was fighting an Argive soldier, the soldier's old mother, who was watching from a rooftop, threw a tile which knocked him from his horse and broke part of his spine, paralyzing him. Whether he was alive or not after the blow is unknown, but

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These actions were deeply unpopular and soon Sicilian opinion became inflamed against him. Pyrrhus had so alienated the Sicilian Greeks that they were willing to make common cause with the Carthaginians. The Carthaginians took heart from this and sent another army against him. This army was promptly

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In 276 BC, Pyrrhus negotiated with the Carthaginians. Although they were inclined to come to terms with Pyrrhus, supply him money and send him ships once friendly relations were established, he demanded that Carthage abandon all of Sicily and make the Libyan Sea a boundary between themselves and the

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was the Roman commander, and while his able force was ultimately defeated, they almost managed to break the back of Pyrrhus' Epirot army, guaranteeing the security of Rome itself. In the end, the Romans lost 6,000 men and Pyrrhus 3,500 including many officers. Pyrrhus later famously commented on his

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In 288 BC, the allied kings began their campaigns against Demetrius. Ptolemy sailed against Demetrius's Greek allies with a large fleet. Lysimachus invaded upper Macedonia from Thrace. Pyrrhus waited until Demetrius had marched against Lysimachus and then invaded southern Macedonia. Demetrius must

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Pyrrhus had the bulk of the army of Epirus with him, probably 20,000–25,000 men, while Pantauchus commanded but a detachment of Demetrius' army consisting of around 11,000 men. The fighting was heavy, and according to the sources Pantauchus and Pyrrhus sought out one another. Pantauchus challenged

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Antigonus managed to hold on to a number of coastal cities. He then waited for an opportunity to reclaim his kingdom while Pyrrhus was already looking for another war to fight. Furthermore, Pyrrhus made himself very unpopular in Macedon by allowing his Gauls to plunder the tombs of the Macedonian

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Demetrius gathered a new army in Greece and besieged Athens, which had rebelled against the puppet government he had installed. The Athenians called on Pyrrhus for assistance and he marched against Demetrius once more. This caused Demetrius to raise the siege. The Athenians thanked Pyrrhus by

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As a result the attack was repulsed, with Pyrrhus losing half of his elephants. The next day the Romans took the initiative of the attack. Their initial attack, thanks to the cunning of Pyrrhus and the strong resistance of the Epirotes, failed. However a second wave frightened the

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Pyrrhus and his campaign in Italy provided the Greek world with an opportunity to check the advance of Rome further into the Mediterranean. The failure to fully exploit this opportunity while Rome was still only an Italian regional power had immense consequences. The conquest of

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In 289 BC, Pyrrhus, learning that Demetrius was dangerously ill, invaded Macedonia. His original intention was merely to raid and pillage, but with Demetrius unable to lead his forces he met almost no opposition. Pyrrhus penetrated as far as the old Macedonian capital of

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with her dowry, offering it and herself to Demetrius. He accepted, sailed to the island and took possession of both Corcyra and Lanassa. After returning to his army in mainland Greece, Demetrius planned to invade Epirus. In 289 BC, he invaded Pyrrhus' allies, the

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Head of Kore left, wreathed with grain, long torch behind / Athena Alkis advancing left, brandishing spear in right hand & holding shield on left arm, star before face, thunderbolt in left field, E in right field; inscription BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠYΡΡOY (of King

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In 301 BC, at the Battle of Ipsus, Lysimachus had fielded 40,000 troops. Since then he had acquired half of Macedonia and western Asia Minor. With these combined assets his army could have numbered over 70,000 troops. Pyrrhus commanded 40,000 troops at

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After this inconclusive battle, Pyrrhus decided to end his campaign in Italy and return to Epirus which resulted in the loss of essentially all the gains he had made in Italy. Only the city of Tarentum remained under the dominion of the Epirotes.

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In 302 BC, Demetrius took his army to Asia Minor to support his father Antigonus Monophthalmus. Pyrrhus impressed Antigonus for he is reputed to have said that Pyrrhus would become the greatest general of his time, if he lived long enough.

986:—respectively, Ptolemy I's wife and a Macedonian noble). In 297 BC, Cassander died and Ptolemy, always looking for allies, decided to help restore Pyrrhus to his kingdom. He provided Pyrrhus with men and funds and sent him back to Epirus. 1357:, said to his companions: "What a wrestling ground we are leaving, my friends, for the Carthaginians and the Romans." While his army was being transported by ship to mainland Italy, Pyrrhus' navy was destroyed by the Carthaginians at the 2238:, pp. 20-21: "When, however, a Roman fleet sailed into the Tarentine Gulf (perhaps in order to place a garrison in Thurii) and thereby violated the terms of a treaty probably made at the time of Cleonymus, Tarentum responded swiftly … " 1531:

his death was assured when a Macedonian soldier named Zopyrus, though frightened by the look on the face of the unconscious king, hesitantly and ineptly beheaded his motionless body. This story is later recounted by Plutarch in his

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states, Pyrrhus' great toe on his right foot cured diseases of the spleen by merely touching the patient. His toe could also not be burned so when his body was cremated, his toe was put in a coffer, and kept at an unknown temple.

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towards Rome. Pyrrhus now faced three armies; the garrison of Rome, Laevinus from the south and Curuncanius from the north. Not wanting to be caught between three armies Pyrrhus withdrew to Tarentum, where he wintered his troops.

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from the Romans, but was thwarted in this by the reinforced army of Laevinus. He then boldly marched on Rome itself, but found its defences too formidable. Meanwhile, the Romans had made peace with the Etruscans and had recalled

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In 307 BC, Glaucias invaded Epirus and put Pyrrhus on the throne. Pyrrhus was only eleven years old, so his guardians ruled in his stead until he came of age. When he was seventeen he travelled to the court of Glaucias in

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elephants – possibly with flaming arrows – causing them to rush against the Epirotes. The latter left the battlefield in disorder, and Pyrrhus had no choice but to withdraw from the battle.

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Pyrrhus was known for his benevolence. As a general, Pyrrhus's greatest political weaknesses were his failures to maintain focus and to maintain a strong treasury at home (many of his soldiers were costly mercenaries).

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of Macedon was the most obvious target. Pyrrhus raised an army from his Epirote garrisons, Gallic mercenaries and the troops he had brought back from Italy and marched east into Macedon. He won an easy victory at the

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In 285 BC, Demetrius was defeated by Seleucus. This freed the hands of Lysimachus who decided to get rid of his co-ruler in Macedonia. He first isolated Pyrrhus from his traditional ally the Ptolemies, by marrying

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reports the Romans lost about 7,000 while Pyrrhus lost 3,000 soldiers, including many of his best; Dionysius gives a bloodier view of 15,000 Roman dead and 13,000 Epirot. Several tribes, including the

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Antigonus had him cremated with all honours and sent his surviving son Helenus back to Epirus. That same year, upon hearing the news of Pyrrhus's death, the Tarentinians surrendered to Rome.

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Pyrrhus wrote memoirs and several books on the art of war. These have since been lost, although, according to Plutarch, Hannibal was influenced by them, and they received praise from

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have thought that Pyrrhus would not renege on his treaty, because western and southern Macedonia fell without opposition. Meanwhile, Demetrius had won a victory over Lysimachus near

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His western campaign had taken a heavy toll on his army as well as his treasury. Despite (or perhaps because of) this, Pyrrhus went to war yet again. The realm of his rival king

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victory at Asculum, stating, "If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined". It is from reports of this semi-legendary event that the term

1081:, Demetrius's son, who ceded Thessaly to him in order to make peace. Pyrrhus's Greek Empire was now at its zenith: he ruled an enlarged Epirus, half of Macedonia, and Thessaly. 1526:. Since Antigonus Gonatas was approaching too, he hastened to enter the city with his army by stealth, only to find the place crowded with hostile troops. During the confused 1077:

probably in order to keep his fractious Macedonian troops busy and less likely to rebel and also to gain an easy victory over the weakened Antigonids. He quickly defeated

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of royal blood who was hated among fellow Spartans, asked Pyrrhus to attack Sparta and place him in power. Pyrrhus agreed to the plan, intending to win control of the

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Pyrrhos, King of Epeiros, 297–272 BC. Head of Zeus in wreath of oak / Demeter seated, holding long sceptre and her veil; caption ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΥΡΡΟΥ (of king Pyrrhus).

550:, and had been regarded as one of the greatest generals of antiquity. Several of his victorious battles caused him unacceptably heavy losses, from which the term " 983: 3713: 5536: 3171: 3312: 1584:. While he was a mercurial and often restless leader, and not always a wise king, he was considered one of the greatest military commanders of his time. 733:) meaning -able or "pertaining to". According to others, the name's actual meaning is "fiery, red-coloured", and was especially used to denote red hair. 5541: 58: 5571: 1652:

delivered the final coup de grace to the already much reduced Seleucid Empire, deposing its last ruler and absorbing its territories into the new

2218:, p. 298: "From 288 until 284, Pyrrhus and Lysimachus shared the rule of Macedonia until the latter drove the former back to Epirus (Plut., 1523: 1345:, on the western end of the island. Pyrrhus eventually gave in to their proposals and broke off the peace negotiations. Pyrrhus' army then began 605: 435: 5546: 2091:, p. 32; Demetrius commanded the full might of the Macedonian army which at that particular time was much larger than the army of Epirus. 3109: 3088: 2973: 2832: 2809: 2788: 2670: 1965: 1741: 1978:

At Pyrrhus' birth in 319 BC, Aeacides was only a prince and his father, Arrybas, ruled Epirus as a regent to the underaged King Neoptolemus.

5531: 2373: 2300: 1678:. She died in 295 BC, possibly in childbirth, since that was the same year her son was born. His second wife was Lanassa, daughter of King 1322:, asked Pyrrhus to ascend the throne of Macedon. Pyrrhus decided that Sicily offered him a greater opportunity, and sailed his army there. 1036:, deserted him. She claimed that she, a daughter of a Greek king, could no longer bear to share her home with barbarian women. She fled to 1341:

Greeks. The Greek cities of Sicily opposed making peace with Carthage because the Carthaginians still controlled the powerful fortress of

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The Age of Pyrrhus, Proceedings of an International Conference held at Brown University April 8–10, 1988 (Archaeologia Transatlantica XI)

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The Age of Pyrrhus: Papers Delivered at the International Conference, Brown University, 8–10 April, 1988 (Archaeologia Transatlantica XI)

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Franke, P. R. (1989). "CHAPTER 10 PYRRHUS". In Astin, A. E.; Walbank, F. W.; Frederiksen, M. W.; Ogilvie, R. M.; Drummond, A. (eds.).

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before Demetrius was well enough to take the field. Since Demetrius commanded a superior force, Pyrrhus had no choice but to retreat.

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rose in rebellion, drove out Pyrrhus' supporters, and returned Neoptolemus to the throne. This time Glaucias was unable to help him.

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and Troias. In 319/318 BC, Arrybas, Aeacides' father and the regent of Epirus, died leaving Epirus to the joint kings Aeacides and

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dinner and had him murdered. The act does not appear to have been unpopular as Epirus' nobility seem to have been devoted to him.

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While Pyrrhus had been campaigning against the Carthaginians, the Romans had rebuilt their army by calling up thousands of fresh

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through his mother, to inherit the kingdom of Sicily and his other son Alexander to be given Italy. In 277 BC, Pyrrhus captured

5566: 5551: 1959: 1358: 423: 1468: 5576: 4830: 4722: 3305: 2427: 2411: 4971: 4957: 4825: 4810: 3965: 1425: 594: 428: 1210:, who had also promised 9,000 soldiers and a further 50 elephants to defend Epirus while Pyrrhus and his army were away. 1159:. The Tarentines asked Pyrrhus to lead their war against the Romans. Pyrrhus was encouraged to aid the Tarentines by the 5115: 4820: 4805: 4780: 4757: 4737: 875: 5561: 5019: 5004: 4815: 4800: 4785: 4770: 4727: 4699: 3910: 3699: 1489: 1346: 1282: 418: 196: 2820: 2332: 2443: 2390: 5516: 5376: 5353: 5193: 4835: 4790: 4765: 4742: 4712: 4533: 3321: 2401: 1633: 1326: 413: 133: 1522:

Pyrrhus had little time to mourn, as he was immediately offered an opportunity to intervene in a civic dispute in

1256:, joined Pyrrhus. He then offered the Romans a peace treaty which was eventually rejected. Pyrrhus tried to wrest 5556: 5344: 5235: 5221: 4747: 4732: 4635: 4592: 4418: 4171: 3815: 3298: 2501: 2284: 1477: 1221: 1026: 856: 283: 5586: 5062: 4994: 4980: 4975: 4966: 4952: 4938: 4928: 4795: 4717: 4645: 4630: 4597: 4587: 4463: 4176: 3474: 3212: 3202: 2265: 1671: 1516: 801: 311: 126: 88: 20: 4911: 5526: 5268: 5246: 5042: 5009: 4962: 4948: 4840: 4707: 4654: 4620: 4612: 4561: 4556: 4242: 4066: 3945: 3879: 3787: 3754: 3501: 3462: 3416: 3239: 2540: 1207: 1090: 848: 5521: 5442: 5277: 5140: 5077: 4943: 4775: 4664: 4659: 4625: 4582: 4551: 4423: 4348: 4285: 4262: 4181: 4166: 4156: 4151: 4136: 4076: 4071: 4056: 3925: 3830: 3820: 3782: 3619: 3550: 3534: 3529: 3446: 3421: 3411: 3381: 3229: 2924: 1683: 1679: 1439: 1410: 1330: 1033: 909: 880: 840:. Glaucias had to promise not to act against Cassander, but he refused to give up Pyrrhus and his family. 543: 316: 244: 179: 98: 5103: 5098: 5082: 5052: 4918: 4684: 4640: 4577: 4373: 4363: 4310: 4305: 4161: 4141: 4131: 4126: 4111: 4101: 4061: 3940: 3935: 3915: 3905: 3889: 3884: 3749: 3496: 3479: 3452: 3436: 3431: 1667: 1591:

The concept of a monarch having a touch that could heal all wounds may have originated with Pyrrhus. As

1329:. Pyrrhus was proclaimed king of Sicily. He was already making plans for his son Helenus, a grandson of 813: 785: 306: 2856:

Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas

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Bust of Demetrius I of Macedonia, 1st century AD Roman copy of a Greek original from the 3rd century BC

218: 1151:, and sent warships to Thurii. Although this was designed as a measure against the Italian peoples of 5299: 5088: 5067: 4870: 4689: 4541: 4116: 4096: 4013: 4003: 3970: 3920: 3825: 3797: 3777: 3739: 3614: 3585: 3580: 3524: 3486: 3441: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3386: 3273: 3263: 3185: 1632:), bequeathed the Kingdom and its considerable territories in Asia Minor to Rome in his will. At the 1484: 1262: 1233: 955: 797: 601: 562: 386: 228: 189: 161: 151: 116: 5226: 5037: 4989: 4984: 4875: 4679: 4572: 4566: 4428: 4146: 4081: 4023: 3950: 3930: 3894: 3840: 3835: 3744: 3629: 3624: 3491: 3391: 3361: 3349: 1577: 1500: 1311: 979: 912:

who had married his sister Deidamia, and who was campaigning against Cassander in southern Greece.

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Rome & Parthia: Empires at War: Ventidius, Antony and the Second Romano-Parthian War, 40–20 BC

44: 5463: 5057: 4906: 4488: 4340: 4051: 4041: 4008: 3845: 3764: 3722: 3634: 3511: 3426: 3335: 1225: 1214: 975: 931: 777: 746: 578: 523: 403: 344: 278: 3052:. Providence, RI: Center for Old World Archaeology and Art, Brown University. pp. 175–188. 2630: 5420: 5403: 5186: 5133: 5093: 5027: 4674: 4602: 4448: 4086: 4046: 3861: 3807: 3792: 3606: 3575: 3467: 3342: 3126: 3105: 3084: 3032: 3011: 2990: 2969: 2948: 2911: 2892: 2871: 2828: 2805: 2784: 2763: 2708: 2687: 2666: 2645: 2615: 2523: 2519: 2406: 1803:, pp. 340–345; Hammond has argued convincingly that the Epirotes were a Greek-speaking people. 1737: 1731: 1691: 1307: 1278: 1078: 1054: 1022:

and marched back north at the head of a large army. Pyrrhus, outnumbered, withdrew to Epirus.

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The rescue of the young Pyrrhus after an uprising against his father Aeacides of Epirus by

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due to a violation of an old treaty that specified Rome was not to send warships into the

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Pyrrhus was married five times: his first wife Antigone bore him a daughter called

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In 278 BC, soon after disembarking his army in Sicily, he lifted the Carthaginian

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A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography

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While he was back in Epirus, Pyrrhus suffered another setback. His second wife,

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Pyrrhus became king of Epirus in 306 BC at the age of 13, but was dethroned by

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ranked him as the greatest commander the world had ever seen, though in the

1435: 1342: 1237: 1152: 1094: 943: 892:

to attend the wedding of one of Glaucias' sons. While he was in Illyria the

836:

dynasty. Cassander marched against Glaucias, defeated his army and captured

829: 821: 817: 808: 558: 1682:(r. 317–289 BC), whom he married in about 295 BC; the couple had two sons, 1298:

In 278 BC, Pyrrhus received two offers simultaneously. The Greek cities in

5429: 5335: 5322: 5313: 5308: 5157: 4478: 4403: 4388: 3067: 2908:

True Names: Vergil and the Alexandrian Tradition of Etymological Wordplay

1695: 1687: 1621: 1569: 1565: 1550: 1303: 1257: 1187: 1011: 860: 833: 789: 742: 590: 531: 334: 288: 35: 1163:. He recognized the possibility of carving out an empire for himself in 5412: 5407: 5398: 5394: 5358: 5179: 5047: 4443: 2827:. Oxford, Chichester, & Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 279–305. 2454:

The easiest way for a king to raise funds was to invade his neighbours.

1923:. London and New York: Macmillan and Co, p. 168; Smith, William. 1860. 1908: 1443: 1306:, which along with Rome was one of the two great powers of the Western 1266: 1249: 1241: 1229: 1206:

in a bid to subdue the Romans. The elephants had been loaned to him by

1195: 1191: 1172: 1148: 1124: 1037: 954:. The Battle of Ipsus was the largest and most important battle of the 951: 574: 539: 329: 214: 1686:

and Helenus; Lanassa left Pyrrhus. His third wife was the daughter of

5367: 5290: 5272: 4458: 3691: 3046:

Wilkes, Rolf (1992). "The Pyrrhus Portrait". In Hackens, Tony (ed.).

1660: 1649: 1581: 1554: 1504: 1299: 1274: 1218: 1140: 1030: 586: 515: 509: 5125: 3099: 3290: 3007:

Reconstructing Western Civilization: Irreverent Essays on Antiquity

1139:. In 282 BC, the Romans installed garrisons in the Greek cities of 879:

Bust of Pyrrhus of Epirus, Roman copy of Greek original inside the

593:

but was soon driven out, and lost all his gains in Italy after the

5380: 5326: 5317: 5250: 1544: 1467: 1442:, had camped with his men. The other Highness was at that time in 1319: 1253: 1177: 1164: 1144: 1110: 993: 947: 874: 842: 784:, a Thessalian noblewoman, the daughter of the Thessalian general 763: 750: 62: 2707:. New York, NY and London, UK: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). 5254: 1175:

and his most powerful neighbor, and arrived in Italy in 280 BC.

1018:. Demetrius responded immediately; he left the siege to his son 695: 5129: 3695: 3294: 2947:. Oxford, UK: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated. 2885:

Kishlansky, Mark A.; Geary, Patrick; O'Brien, Patricia (2005).

2644:(Revised ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1921:

Milton's L'allegro, Il Penseroso, Arcades, Lycidas, Sonnets Etc

970:, under the terms of a peace treaty made between Demetrius and 678: 640: 477: 3164: 2030:, p. 14; Glaukias' kingdom was being attacked by pirates. 1265:, the other consul, who was marching his army southwards from 3083:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Limited. pp. 103–147. 2631:"Antigone (Egyptian Royal Genealogy - The Ptolemaic Dynasty)" 1006:

In 295 BC, Pyrrhus transferred the capital of his kingdom to

504: 3360: 2665:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books Limited. 2479:

He had inherited a powerful navy from his father, Demetrius.

19:

This article is about the Epirote king. For other uses, see

1896: 1702:(r. c. 295–290 BC); and his fifth wife was the daughter of 1511:

for himself, but unexpected strong resistance thwarted his

930:

Antigonus had grown too powerful and the other successors,

714: 643: 480: 1784: 1213:

Due to his superior cavalry, his elephants and his deadly

662:), meaning flame-like or flammable, derived from the word 3122:

The Cambridge Ancient History: The Rise of Rome to 220 BC

3101:

For the Glory of Rome: A History of Warriors and Warfare

3072:. New York and London: Harper & Brothers Publishers. 2704:

Cannae: The Experience of Battle in the Second Punic War

1576:, Plutarch writes that Hannibal placed him second after 1186:

Pyrrhus entered Italy with an army consisting of 20,000

2983:

Sekunda, Nick; Northwood, Simon; Hook, Richard (1995).

1438:, one of the two Roman Consuls for that year (275 BC), 855:

By 313 BC, Cassander was distracted by his war against

612:

was thwarted, however, and Pyrrhus was killed during a

2576: 2574: 2285:"History of Liberty: The Ancient Romans" (1853), p. 6. 1939: 1937: 565:

and regained his throne in 297 BC with the support of

1628:, the last King of Pergamon (excluding the pretender 717: 646: 492: 483: 1772: 1381:

with oak wreath, caption ΦΘΙΑΣ (of Phtia). Reverse:

847:

The infant Pyrrhus is presented to King Glaucias by

711: 675: 637: 474: 5451: 5210: 5164: 5018: 4849: 4756: 4698: 4611: 4532: 4339: 4261: 4213: 4190: 4032: 3989: 3860: 3806: 3763: 3730: 3643: 3605: 3543: 3510: 3372: 3328: 2611:

HarperCollins College Outline World History to 1648

2608:Anglin, Jay Pascal; Hamblin, William James (1993). 708: 672: 634: 471: 379: 360: 350: 340: 328: 297: 271: 254: 238: 234: 224: 210: 202: 195: 185: 175: 167: 157: 147: 139: 132: 122: 112: 104: 94: 84: 76: 69: 28: 3010:. Selingsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press. 2940: 2641:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon 1232:. There are conflicting sources about casualties. 5582:Non-dynastic kings of Macedonia (ancient kingdom) 2136:Reputedly raising 110,000 soldiers and 500 ships. 1281:, where Pyrrhus won a costly victory. The consul 807:Aeacides supported Olympias in her fight against 546:. He was one of the strongest opponents of early 1361:, with 98 warships sunk or disabled out of 110. 2888:Civilization in the West (Volume 1, Parts 1-12) 2823:. In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). 2780:Commanders: History's Greatest Military Leaders 2323: 2321: 2943:Twelve Greeks and Romans who Changed the World 2246: 2244: 5141: 3707: 3306: 2853:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). 1764: 974:. There, he married Ptolemy I's stepdaughter 624:The Latinized Pyrrhus derives from the Greek 8: 3031:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Limited. 2739:Encyclopædia Britannica ("Pyrrhus") (2013). 2356: 2344: 1694:; his fourth wife was the Illyrian princess 1519:, who had been in command of the rearguard. 1143:(on the western end of the Tarentine Gulf), 3104:. London: Greenhill Books. pp. 15–77. 2870:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2722:Encyclopædia Britannica ("Epirus") (2013). 1515:. On the retreat he lost his firstborn son 561:four years later. He saw action during the 5148: 5134: 5126: 3714: 3700: 3692: 3313: 3299: 3291: 3179: 1943: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1725: 1723: 1029:, daughter of the self-proclaimed king of 600:Pyrrhus seized the Macedonian throne from 25: 2215: 1964:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBeekes2010 ( 776:In c. 319 BC, Pyrrhus was born to prince 2488: 2463: 2312: 2211: 2172: 2168: 2166: 2157: 2145: 2124: 2112: 2100: 2088: 2063: 2051: 2039: 2027: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1865:Encyclopædia Britannica ("Pyrrhus") 2013 966:In 298 BC, Pyrrhus was taken hostage to 59:National Archaeological Museum of Naples 2580: 2565: 2235: 1892: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1842:Encyclopædia Britannica ("Epirus") 2013 1837: 1835: 1800: 1768: 1756: 1719: 1580:. This latter account is also given by 1363: 1093:. He also made a large donation to the 737:was also used as an alternate name for 573:, Pyrrhus fought Rome at the behest of 2867:Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World 1987: 1955: 1788: 1780: 569:. During what came to be known as the 4646:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos 2804:. London, UK: Penguin Books Limited. 1888: 1876: 1760: 7: 5114:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by 3680:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 2968:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. 2864:Jones, Christopher Prestige (1999). 2762:. London, UK: Stacey International. 2686:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 2597:American Numismatic Society (1960). 1785:Kishlansky, Geary & O'Brien 2005 1776: 1599:Pyrrhus lends his name to the term " 1385:, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΥΡΡΟΥ (of King Pyrrhus). 1277:(279 BC), the two armies met in the 1228:in 280 BC, in the Roman province of 792:, making Pyrrhus a second cousin to 436:Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese 2600:Numismatic Literature, Issues 50-57 5537:3rd-century BC Macedonian monarchs 1931:. Concord, NH: Isaac Hill, p. 102. 1773:Sekunda, Northwood & Hook 1995 1574:Life of Titus Quinctius Flamininus 1377:, 278 BC. Obverse: Veiled head of 859:, one of the most powerful of the 49:A marble bust of Pyrrhus from the 14: 2989:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. 1730:Sampson, Gareth C. (2020-08-05). 1706:, whom he married in 281/280 BC. 1640:of Corinth and its allies in the 1217:, he defeated the Romans, led by 1115:Routes taken against Rome in the 534:house, and later he became king ( 16:King of Epirus from 297 to 272 BC 5542:4th-century BC Greek politicians 2910:. University of Michigan Press. 2825:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia 2821:"Macedonia, Illyria, and Epirus" 1919:Milton, John and W. Bell. 1890. 1897:American Numismatic Society 1960 1402: 1390: 1366: 1302:asked him to come and drive out 704: 668: 630: 467: 43: 3159:Pyrrhus of Epirus on Livius.org 2965:Roma: The Novel of Ancient Rome 2891:. London, UK: Pearson Longman. 2783:. New York, NY: DK Publishing. 2614:. New York, NY: HarperCollins. 1909:Malalas, Chronography, § 8.208 1698:, who was the daughter of King 1359:Battle of the Strait of Messina 424:Battle of the Strait of Messina 5572:Ancient Greek military writers 3004:Tinsley, Barbara Sher (2006). 2859:. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 2819:Greenwalt, William S. (2010). 2743:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 2726:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 2603:. American Numismatic Society. 2466:, pp. 125–128; Plutarch. 2255:. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. 908:and served his brother-in-law 824:tribes. Pyrrhus was raised by 577:, scoring costly victories at 1: 5547:4th-century BC Greek monarchs 5118:in most of their territories. 3916:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter 2756:Garouphalias, Petros (1979). 1426:Battle of Beneventum (275 BC) 3665:Pseudo-Philip/Pseudo-Perseus 2502:"Plutarch • Life of Pyrrhus" 2422:Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 1636:in 146 BC Rome defeated the 1318:had been killed by invading 585:. He proceeded to take over 510: 5532:3rd-century BC Greek people 3911:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 2842:Hackens, Tony, ed. (1992). 1929:Elements of General History 1616:was forced to cede most of 1167:. He made an alliance with 863:. Fearing an invasion from 788:. Aeacides was a cousin of 5603: 5194:On the Malice of Herodotus 3069:Makers of History: Pyrrhus 2680:Chamoux, François (2003). 2516:History of the Syrian Wars 2402:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 1736:. Pen and Sword Military. 1492:and took most of Macedon. 1461: 1423: 1373:Coin of Pyrrhus minted at 1248:, and the Greek cities of 1104: 919: 505: 18: 5487: 5112: 3816:Antigonus I Monophthalmus 3678: 3644:Post-Conquest Rebel Kings 3492:Alexander III (the Great) 3358: 3278: 3270: 3260: 3244: 3236: 3226: 3217: 3209: 3199: 3190: 3182: 2939:Richard, Carl J. (2003). 2638:Borza, Eugene N. (1992). 1765:Anglin & Hamblin 1993 1222:Publius Valerius Laevinus 1182:Pyrrhus and his elephants 904:Pyrrhus travelled to the 730: 691: 659: 456: 374: 370: 80:297–272 BC (second reign) 42: 33: 4177:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 3976:Cleopatra VII Philopator 3251:288–285 BC 3140:Leveque, Pierre (1957). 2801:The 33 Strategies of War 2683:Hellenistic Civilization 2266:Marcus Junianus Justinus 1310:. At the same time, the 514:; 319/318–272 BC) was a 108:307–302 BC (first reign) 5452:Translators and editors 4974:'s attempted rule with 4655:Mithridates V Euergetes 4067:Antiochus III the Great 3880:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 3821:Demetrius I Poliorcetes 3745:Alexander III the Great 3240:Demetrius I Poliorcetes 3172:Encyclopædia Britannica 3146:. Paris: E. de Boccard. 2962:Saylor, Steven (2007). 2798:Greene, Robert (2008). 2759:Pyrrhus: King of Epirus 2659:Champion, Jeff (2009). 2629:Bennett, Chris (2010). 2370:Parallel Lives: Pyrrhus 2329:Parallel Lives: Pyrrhus 2297:Parallel Lives: Pyrrhus 1654:Roman province of Syria 1549:A statue of Pyrrhus in 1208:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 1091:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 982:from her first husband 857:Antigonus Monophthalmus 608:in 272 BC. The Epirote 606:invaded the Peloponnese 5567:Ancient Greek generals 5552:Ancient child monarchs 4758:Monarchs of Cappadocia 4660:Mithridates VI Eupator 4182:Philip II Philoromaeus 4167:Antiochus XII Dionysus 4157:Demetrius III Eucaerus 4152:Antiochus XI Epiphanes 4137:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 4077:Antiochus IV Epiphanes 4072:Seleucus IV Philopator 4057:Seleucus II Callinicus 3956:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 3831:Demetrius II Aetolicus 3366: 3175:(11th ed.). 1911. 3080:Roman Conquests: Italy 3066:Abbott, Jacob (1901). 3025:Winkes, John (1995) . 2906:O'Hara, J. J. (2017). 2701:Daly, Gregory (2003). 1680:Agathocles of Syracuse 1634:destruction of Corinth 1624:(Pergamum). In 133 BC 1557: 1480: 1478:François Topino-Lebrun 1440:Manius Curius Dentatus 1331:Agathocles of Syracuse 1183: 1120: 1034:Agathocles of Syracuse 999: 956:Wars of the Successors 884: 881:Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek 852: 796:. He had two sisters: 773: 614:street battle at Argos 258:272 BC (aged about 46) 5577:Hellenistic Macedonia 4700:Monarchs of Commagene 4621:Mithridates I Ctistes 4162:Philip I Philadelphus 4142:Seleucus VI Epiphanes 4132:Antiochus VIII Grypus 4127:Seleucus V Philometor 4112:Antiochus VII Sidetes 4102:Antiochus VI Dionysus 4062:Seleucus III Ceraunus 3961:Berenice IV Epiphanea 3906:Ptolemy VI Philometor 3890:Ptolemy IV Philopator 3885:Ptolemy III Euergetes 3750:Philip III Arrhidaeus 3364: 2929:Description of Greece 2777:Grant, R. G. (2010). 1648:. Finally, in 63 BC, 1548: 1471: 1424:Further information: 1273:When Pyrrhus invaded 1181: 1114: 997: 910:Demetrius Poliorcetes 878: 846: 820:, one of the largest 767: 526:. He was king of the 53:at the Roman site of 4534:Monarchs of Bithynia 4117:Alexander II Zabinas 4097:Demetrius II Nicator 4014:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 3981:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 3946:Ptolemy XI Alexander 3921:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 3826:Antigonus II Gonatas 3274:Antigonus II Gonatas 3264:Antigonus II Gonatas 3098:Cowan, Ross (2007). 3077:Cowan, Ross (2009). 2222:7–12)."; Pausanius. 1263:Tiberius Coruncanius 1234:Hieronymus of Cardia 1014:while Demetrius was 849:Nicolas-René Jollain 828:, Glaucias' wife, a 602:Antigonus II Gonatas 595:Battle of Beneventum 563:Wars of the Diadochi 429:Battle of Beneventum 387:Wars of the Diadochi 5227:Alexander the Great 5116:Hellenistic satraps 4147:Antiochus X Eusebes 4082:Antiochus V Eupator 4024:Cleopatra Selene II 3951:Ptolemy XII Auletes 3936:Ptolemy X Alexander 3931:Ptolemy IX Lathyros 3895:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 3836:Antigonus III Doson 2359:, pp. 109–112. 1578:Alexander the Great 1458:Last wars and death 1347:besieging Lilybaeum 980:Berenice I of Egypt 916:The Battle of Ipsus 794:Alexander the Great 51:Villa of the Papyri 5562:Ancient Molossians 5464:Arthur Hugh Clough 5020:Monarchs of Epirus 4853:Cimmerian Bosporus 4613:Monarchs of Pontus 4172:Cleopatra Selene I 4052:Antiochus II Theos 4042:Seleucus I Nicator 4009:Demetrius the Fair 3991:Monarchs of Cyrene 3512:Antipatrid dynasty 3367: 2986:Early Roman Armies 2541:Naturalis Historia 2347:, pp. 97–108. 2214:, pp. 37–39; 1558: 1490:Battle of the Aous 1481: 1420:Retreat from Italy 1283:Publius Decius Mus 1226:Battle of Heraclea 1184: 1123:The Greek city of 1121: 1101:Struggle with Rome 1000: 885: 853: 778:Aeacides of Epirus 774: 524:Hellenistic period 419:Siege of Lilybaeum 404:Battle of Heraclea 197:Tyrant of Syracuse 5517:Pyrrhus of Epirus 5504: 5503: 5491:Comparison extant 5421:Tiberius Gracchus 5187:De genio Socratis 5123: 5122: 4603:Socrates Chrestus 4092:Alexander I Balas 4087:Demetrius I Soter 4047:Antiochus I Soter 3793:Antipater Etesias 3689: 3688: 3607:Antigonid dynasty 3596: 3544:Dynastic conflict 3469:Ptolemy of Aloros 3457: 3289: 3288: 3285:274–272 BC 3261:Succeeded by 3227:Succeeded by 3200:Succeeded by 3111:978-1-85-367733-5 3090:978-1-84-415937-6 2975:978-0-312-32831-3 2834:978-1-4051-7936-2 2811:978-0-14-311278-5 2790:978-0-7566-7341-3 2672:978-1-84468-282-9 2662:Pyrrhus of Epirus 2424:Roman Antiquities 2407:Roman Antiquities 2357:Garouphalias 1979 2345:Garouphalias 1979 2315:, pp. 75–76. 2270:Epitome of Trogus 2160:, pp. 35–36. 2148:, pp. 34–35. 2115:, pp. 33–34. 2054:, pp. 14–17. 1743:978-1-5267-1015-4 1674:in honour of her 1513:assault on Sparta 1485:Antigonus Gonatas 1411:Kingdom of Epirus 1409:Coin of Pyrrhus, 1327:Siege of Syracuse 1279:Battle of Asculum 1079:Antigonus Gonatas 1020:Antigonus Gonatas 745:and the princess 610:assault on Sparta 460: 459: 414:Siege of Syracuse 409:Battle of Asculum 5594: 5557:Ancient Epirotes 5474:Philemon Holland 5363:Cato the Younger 5243:Aratus of Sicyon 5150: 5143: 5136: 5127: 4915: 4831:Ariobarzanes III 4205:Ptolemy Epigonos 4107:Diodotus Tryphon 3900:Cleopatra I Syra 3875:Ptolemy Keraunos 3716: 3709: 3702: 3693: 3659:Pseudo-Alexander 3590: 3566:Ptolemy Ceraunus 3451: 3322:Kings of Macedon 3315: 3308: 3301: 3292: 3271:Preceded by 3237:Preceded by 3210:Preceded by 3183:Preceded by 3180: 3176: 3168: 3147: 3136: 3115: 3094: 3073: 3053: 3042: 3021: 3000: 2979: 2958: 2946: 2921: 2902: 2881: 2860: 2849: 2838: 2815: 2794: 2773: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2718: 2697: 2676: 2655: 2634: 2633:. Tyndale House. 2625: 2604: 2584: 2578: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2548: 2533: 2527: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2471: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2436: 2430: 2420: 2414: 2399: 2393: 2383: 2377: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2325: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2293: 2287: 2282: 2276: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2248: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2209: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2188:, 12; Plutarch. 2182: 2176: 2170: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1932: 1917: 1911: 1906: 1900: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1845: 1839: 1830: 1817: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1727: 1704:Ptolemy Keraunos 1670:and a son named 1533:Life of Pyrrhus. 1496:kings at Aegae. 1406: 1394: 1370: 1316:Ptolemy Keraunos 1215:phalanx infantry 1169:Ptolemy Keraunos 1161:Oracle of Delphi 1131:, fell out with 1089:, the sister of 1016:besieging Thebes 732: 724: 723: 720: 719: 716: 713: 710: 693: 685: 684: 681: 680: 677: 674: 661: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 538:also called him 513: 508: 507: 495: 490: 489: 486: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 47: 26: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5587:Kings of Epirus 5507: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5483: 5447: 5434:Aemilius Paulus 5206: 5202:Pseudo-Plutarch 5160: 5154: 5124: 5119: 5108: 5014: 5005:Mithridates III 4909: 4852: 4851:Monarchs of the 4845: 4826:Ariobarzanes II 4811:Ariarathes VIII 4752: 4738:Mithridates III 4694: 4636:Mithridates III 4607: 4528: 4335: 4263:Greco-Bactrians 4257: 4209: 4186: 4028: 3985: 3870:Ptolemy I Soter 3856: 3802: 3759: 3726: 3720: 3690: 3685: 3674: 3639: 3601: 3539: 3506: 3368: 3356: 3324: 3319: 3284: 3281:King of Macedon 3276: 3266: 3252: 3250: 3247:King of Macedon 3242: 3232: 3223: 3215: 3205: 3196: 3188: 3166:"Pyrrhus" 3163: 3155: 3150: 3139: 3133: 3118: 3112: 3097: 3091: 3076: 3065: 3061: 3059:Further reading 3056: 3045: 3039: 3024: 3018: 3003: 2997: 2982: 2976: 2961: 2955: 2938: 2918: 2905: 2899: 2884: 2878: 2863: 2852: 2841: 2835: 2818: 2812: 2797: 2791: 2776: 2770: 2755: 2746: 2744: 2738: 2729: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2700: 2694: 2679: 2673: 2658: 2652: 2637: 2628: 2622: 2607: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2579: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2556:Pausanias, 7.16 2555: 2551: 2534: 2530: 2513: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2468:Life of Pyrrhus 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2440:Life of Pyrrhus 2437: 2433: 2421: 2417: 2400: 2396: 2387:Life of Pyrrhus 2384: 2380: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2326: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2294: 2290: 2283: 2279: 2264: 2260: 2250: 2249: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2224:Guide to Greece 2210: 2206: 2200: 2196: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2087: 2083: 2077:Life of Pyrrhus 2074: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2050: 2046: 2038: 2034: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1994: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1963: 1954: 1950: 1942: 1935: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1903: 1887: 1883: 1875: 1871: 1863: 1848: 1840: 1833: 1818: 1807: 1799: 1795: 1787:, p. 113; 1771:, p. 139; 1767:, p. 121; 1759:, p. 239; 1755: 1751: 1744: 1729: 1728: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1620:to Rome's ally 1614:Seleucid Empire 1601:Pyrrhic victory 1593:Pliny the Elder 1562:Life of Pyrrhus 1543: 1528:Battle of Argos 1474:Siege of Sparta 1466: 1464:Siege of Sparta 1460: 1434:. Near today's 1428: 1422: 1415: 1407: 1398: 1395: 1386: 1371: 1296: 1294:Ruler of Sicily 1288:Pyrrhic victory 1109: 1103: 1043:Aetolian League 992: 978:(a daughter of 972:Ptolemy I Soter 964: 924: 922:Battle of Ipsus 918: 902: 873: 770:Nicolas Poussin 762: 754:Greek mythology 707: 703: 698:and the suffix 671: 667: 633: 629: 622: 567:Ptolemy I Soter 552:Pyrrhic victory 530:, of the royal 493: 470: 466: 452: 446:Battle of Argos 441:Siege of Sparta 392:Battle of Ipsus 375:Military career 324: 293: 259: 243: 134:King of Macedon 65: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5600: 5598: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5527:310s BC births 5524: 5519: 5509: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5494:Four unpaired 5492: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5436: 5427: 5425:Gaius Gracchus 5410: 5401: 5392: 5383: 5374: 5365: 5356: 5347: 5338: 5329: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5284: 5275: 5266: 5264:Cato the Elder 5257: 5240: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5198: 5197: 5190: 5176: 5173:Parallel Lives 5168: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5145: 5138: 5130: 5121: 5120: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5063:Neoptolemus II 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5024: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4960: 4958:Mithridates II 4955: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4924:Paerisades III 4921: 4916: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4821:Ariobarzanes I 4818: 4813: 4808: 4806:Ariarathes VII 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4781:Ariarathes III 4778: 4773: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4728:Mithridates II 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4704: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4631:Mithridates II 4628: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4494:Apollodotus II 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4267: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4196: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4122:Cleopatra Thea 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4038: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3995: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3866: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3769: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3696: 3687: 3686: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3655: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3611: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3516: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3477: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3378: 3376: 3374:Argead dynasty 3370: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3303: 3295: 3287: 3286: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3225: 3220:King of Epirus 3216: 3213:Neoptolemus II 3211: 3207: 3206: 3203:Neoptolemus II 3201: 3198: 3193:King of Epirus 3189: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3161: 3154: 3153:External links 3151: 3149: 3148: 3137: 3131: 3116: 3110: 3095: 3089: 3074: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3043: 3037: 3022: 3016: 3001: 2995: 2980: 2974: 2959: 2953: 2936: 2922: 2917:978-0472036875 2916: 2903: 2897: 2882: 2876: 2861: 2850: 2839: 2833: 2816: 2810: 2795: 2789: 2774: 2768: 2753: 2736: 2719: 2713: 2698: 2692: 2677: 2671: 2656: 2650: 2635: 2626: 2620: 2605: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2585: 2570: 2568:, p. 211. 2558: 2549: 2528: 2507: 2493: 2491:, p. 128. 2481: 2472: 2456: 2447: 2431: 2415: 2394: 2378: 2361: 2349: 2337: 2317: 2305: 2288: 2277: 2258: 2240: 2228: 2216:Greenwalt 2010 2204: 2194: 2177: 2162: 2150: 2138: 2129: 2117: 2105: 2093: 2081: 2068: 2056: 2044: 2032: 2020: 2007: 1992: 1990:, p. 124. 1980: 1971: 1948: 1946:, p. 106. 1933: 1912: 1901: 1899:, p. 196. 1895:, p. 62; 1891:, p. 45; 1881: 1869: 1846: 1831: 1822:Parallel Lives 1805: 1793: 1791:, p. 332. 1783:, p. 98; 1763:, p. 17; 1749: 1742: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1642:Achaean League 1542: 1539: 1462:Main article: 1459: 1456: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1389: 1387: 1372: 1365: 1295: 1292: 1137:Tarentine Gulf 1129:southern Italy 1105:Main article: 1102: 1099: 991: 988: 963: 960: 920:Main article: 917: 914: 901: 898: 872: 869: 761: 758: 621: 618: 604:in 274 BC and 554:" was coined. 458: 457: 454: 453: 451: 450: 449: 448: 443: 433: 432: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 396: 395: 394: 383: 381: 377: 376: 372: 371: 368: 367: 362: 358: 357: 352: 348: 347: 342: 338: 337: 332: 326: 325: 323: 322: 319: 314: 309: 303: 301: 295: 294: 292: 291: 286: 281: 275: 273: 269: 268: 256: 252: 251: 240: 236: 235: 232: 231: 226: 222: 221: 212: 208: 207: 204: 200: 199: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 130: 129: 127:Neoptolemus II 124: 120: 119: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 89:Neoptolemus II 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 71:King of Epirus 67: 66: 48: 40: 39: 31: 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5599: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5522:272 BC deaths 5520: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5459:Jacques Amyot 5457: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5231:Julius Caesar 5228: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5151: 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4763: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4743:Antiochus III 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4718:Mithridates I 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4593:Nicomedes III 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4424:Demetrius III 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4379:Antimachus II 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4369:Apollodotus I 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4326:Eucratides II 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4291:Euthydemus II 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4019:Ptolemy Apion 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3926:Cleopatra III 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3705: 3703: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3625:Antigonus III 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3476: 3475:Perdiccas III 3473: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3257: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3235: 3231: 3222: 3221: 3214: 3208: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3173: 3167: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3144: 3138: 3134: 3132:0-521-23446-8 3128: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3050: 3044: 3040: 3038:0-631-19807-5 3034: 3030: 3029: 3028:The Illyrians 3023: 3019: 3017:1-57591-095-0 3013: 3009: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2996:1-85532-513-6 2992: 2988: 2987: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2954:0-7425-2791-3 2950: 2945: 2944: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2898:0-321-23621-1 2894: 2890: 2889: 2883: 2879: 2877:0-674-50527-1 2873: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2771: 2769:0-905743-13-X 2765: 2761: 2760: 2754: 2742: 2737: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2714:0-203-98750-0 2710: 2706: 2705: 2699: 2695: 2693:0-631-22242-1 2689: 2685: 2684: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2657: 2653: 2651:0-691-00880-9 2647: 2643: 2642: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2621:0-06-467123-2 2617: 2613: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2582: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2489:Champion 2009 2485: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2464:Champion 2009 2460: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313:Champion 2009 2309: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2259: 2254: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2212:Champion 2009 2208: 2205: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2175:, p. 37. 2174: 2173:Champion 2009 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2158:Champion 2009 2154: 2151: 2147: 2146:Champion 2009 2142: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2127:, p. 34. 2126: 2125:Champion 2009 2121: 2118: 2114: 2113:Champion 2009 2109: 2106: 2103:, p. 32. 2102: 2101:Champion 2009 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089:Champion 2009 2085: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2066:, p. 18. 2065: 2064:Champion 2009 2060: 2057: 2053: 2052:Champion 2009 2048: 2045: 2042:, p. 15. 2041: 2040:Champion 2009 2036: 2033: 2029: 2028:Champion 2009 2024: 2021: 2017: 2011: 2008: 2005:, p. 12. 2004: 2003:Champion 2009 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1879:, p. 62. 1878: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1779:, p. 4; 1778: 1775:, p. 6; 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1750: 1745: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1650:Pompey Magnus 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1609:Magna Graecia 1604: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1568:records that 1567: 1563: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1486: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1427: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1400: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1314:, whose King 1313: 1309: 1308:Mediterranean 1305: 1301: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204:war elephants 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1157:Magna Graecia 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 996: 989: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 961: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 928: 923: 915: 913: 911: 907: 899: 897: 895: 891: 883:in Copenhagen 882: 877: 870: 868: 866: 862: 858: 850: 845: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 810: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 771: 766: 759: 757: 755: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 728: 722: 701: 697: 689: 683: 665: 657: 651: 627: 619: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 502: 498: 497: 488: 464: 455: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 437: 434: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 401: 400: 397: 393: 390: 389: 388: 385: 384: 382: 378: 373: 369: 366: 363: 359: 356: 353: 349: 346: 343: 339: 336: 333: 331: 327: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 304: 302: 300: 296: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 276: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 253: 250: 246: 241: 237: 233: 230: 227: 223: 220: 216: 213: 209: 205: 201: 198: 194: 191: 188: 184: 181: 178: 174: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 118: 115: 111: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 90: 87: 83: 79: 75: 72: 68: 64: 60: 57:, now in the 56: 52: 46: 41: 38: 37: 32: 27: 22: 5495: 5479:Thomas North 5439:Themistocles 5390:Gaius Marius 5385: 5234: 5178: 5171: 5078:Alexander II 5072: 4934:Paerisades V 4897:Spartokos IV 4861:Paerisades I 4836:Ariarathes X 4791:Ariarathes V 4766:Ariarathes I 4748:Antiochus IV 4733:Antiochus II 4665:Pharnaces II 4626:Ariobarzanes 4598:Nicomedes IV 4588:Nicomedes II 4514:Apollophanes 4499:Hippostratos 4414:Heliokles II 4374:Demetrius II 4354:Antimachus I 4316:Eucratides I 4311:Demetrius II 4296:Antimachus I 4281:Euthydemus I 3966:Ptolemy XIII 3941:Berenice III 3788:Antipater II 3755:Alexander IV 3681: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3651: 3620:Demetrius II 3615:Antigonus II 3592: 3591: 3586:Antigonus II 3576:Antipater II 3555: 3502:Alexander IV 3480: 3468: 3463:Alexander II 3453: 3417:Perdiccas II 3350: 3343: 3336: 3279: 3254: 3245: 3230:Alexander II 3218: 3191: 3170: 3142: 3121: 3100: 3079: 3068: 3048: 3027: 3006: 2985: 2964: 2942: 2928: 2907: 2887: 2866: 2855: 2844: 2824: 2800: 2779: 2758: 2745:. Retrieved 2728:. Retrieved 2703: 2682: 2661: 2640: 2610: 2599: 2581:Bennett 2010 2566:Tinsley 2006 2561: 2552: 2539: 2531: 2515: 2510: 2496: 2484: 2475: 2467: 2459: 2450: 2439: 2434: 2423: 2418: 2405: 2397: 2386: 2381: 2369: 2364: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2308: 2296: 2291: 2280: 2269: 2261: 2252: 2236:Hackens 1992 2231: 2223: 2219: 2207: 2197: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2153: 2141: 2132: 2120: 2108: 2096: 2084: 2076: 2071: 2059: 2047: 2035: 2023: 2015: 2010: 1983: 1974: 1951: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1904: 1893:Chamoux 2003 1884: 1872: 1820: 1801:Hammond 1967 1796: 1769:Richard 2003 1757:Hackens 1992 1752: 1732: 1665: 1658: 1605: 1598: 1590: 1586: 1573: 1561: 1559: 1536: 1532: 1521: 1498: 1494: 1482: 1452: 1448: 1429: 1351: 1339: 1324: 1297: 1290:originates. 1272: 1212: 1185: 1122: 1119:(280–275 BC) 1083: 1075: 1071: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1047: 1024: 1005: 1001: 990:Second reign 965: 929: 925: 903: 886: 854: 806: 775: 734: 699: 663: 625: 623: 599: 556: 462: 461: 380:Battles/wars 317:Alexander II 190:Antigonus II 162:Antigonus II 152:Antigonus II 99:Alexander II 34: 5469:John Dryden 5350:Philopoemen 5287:Demosthenes 5099:Pyrrhus III 5083:Olympias II 5053:Alexander I 4910: [ 4907:Spartokos V 4776:Ariamnes II 4723:Antiochus I 4685:Pythodorida 4641:Pharnaces I 4562:Zipoetes II 4557:Nicomedes I 4474:Artemidoros 4469:Menander II 4409:Antialcidas 4394:Agathokleia 4349:Demetrius I 4341:Indo-Greeks 4331:Heliocles I 4286:Demetrius I 4276:Diodotus II 4253:Eumenes III 4248:Attalus III 4223:Philetaerus 4192:Lysimachids 4004:Berenice II 3971:Ptolemy XIV 3853:(pretender) 3783:Alexander V 3765:Antipatrids 3723:Hellenistic 3551:Demetrius I 3535:Alexander V 3530:Antipater I 3447:Amyntas III 3412:Alexander I 3382:Perdiccas I 3365:Vergina Sun 3224:297–272 BC 3197:307–302 BC 2251:"Pyrrhus". 1988:Wilkes 1992 1956:Beekes 2010 1944:O'Hara 2017 1789:Saylor 2007 1781:Greene 2008 1700:Bardylis II 1630:Eumenes III 1626:Attalus III 1509:Peloponnese 1499:In 272 BC, 1383:Thunderbolt 1312:Macedonians 1117:Pyrrhic War 1107:Pyrrhic War 906:Peloponnese 871:First reign 818:Taulantians 802:Neoptolemus 739:Neoptolemus 597:in 275 BC. 571:Pyrrhic War 399:Pyrrhic War 265:Peloponnese 219:Sosistratus 211:Predecessor 180:Demetrius I 176:Predecessor 148:Predecessor 113:Predecessor 85:Predecessor 55:Herculaneum 5511:Categories 5354:Flamininus 5247:Artaxerxes 5222:Coriolanus 5218:Alcibiades 5089:Pyrrhus II 5068:Alcetas II 5033:Tharrhypas 5000:Gepaepyris 4972:Scribonius 4866:Satyros II 4796:Orophernes 4708:Ptolemaeus 4690:Polemon II 4583:Prusias II 4552:Zipoetes I 4524:Strato III 4449:Theophilos 4429:Philoxenus 4384:Menander I 4364:Agathocles 4306:Agathocles 4271:Diodotus I 4243:Attalus II 4238:Eumenes II 4200:Lysimachus 3808:Antigonids 3561:Lysimachus 3497:Philip III 3481:Amyntas IV 3454:Argaeus II 3437:Amyntas II 3432:Aeropus II 3256:Lysimachus 3186:Alcetas II 2438:Plutarch. 2385:Plutarch. 2368:Plutarch. 2327:Plutarch. 2295:Plutarch. 2184:Plutarch. 2075:Plutarch. 1889:Jones 1999 1877:Borza 1992 1819:Plutarch. 1761:Grant 2010 1710:References 1690:, King of 1676:stepfather 1638:city-state 1618:Asia Minor 1355:Punic Wars 1246:Messapians 1171:, King of 1087:Arsinoe II 1067:Amphipolis 968:Alexandria 936:Lysimachus 894:Molossians 865:Asia Minor 851:(ca. 1779) 772:(ca. 1634) 760:Early life 694:) meaning 528:Molossians 206:278–276 BC 171:288–285 BC 143:274–272 BC 117:Alcetas II 5417:Cleomenes 5404:Sertorius 5377:Poplicola 5372:Agesilaus 5345:Marcellus 5341:Pelopidas 5278:Demetrius 5260:Aristides 5156:Works of 5073:Pyrrhus I 5038:Alcetas I 4944:Pharnaces 4919:Kamasarye 4902:Leukon II 4886:Hygiainon 4841:Archelaus 4680:Polemon I 4578:Prusias I 4519:Strato II 4509:Zoilos II 4504:Dionysios 4484:Archebius 4454:Peukolaos 4419:Polyxenos 4359:Pantaleon 4301:Pantaleon 4233:Attalus I 4228:Eumenes I 4034:Seleucids 3862:Ptolemies 3851:Philip VI 3798:Sosthenes 3778:Philip IV 3773:Cassander 3740:Philip II 3670:Euephenes 3652:Andriscus 3581:Sosthenes 3525:Philip IV 3520:Cassander 3487:Philip II 3442:Pausanias 3422:Archelaus 3407:Amyntas I 3397:Aeropus I 3387:Argaeus I 3329:Legendary 2925:Pausanias 2741:"Pyrrhus" 2190:Demetrius 1777:Daly 2003 1715:Citations 1684:Alexander 1646:Macedonia 1501:Cleonymus 1436:Benevento 1414:Pyrrhus). 1343:Lilybaeum 1238:Lucanians 1224:, in the 1202:, and 20 1095:Aetolians 944:Cassander 838:Apollonia 830:Molossian 809:Cassander 741:, son of 620:Etymology 559:Cassander 520:statesman 518:king and 365:Hellenism 242:c. 319 BC 225:Successor 186:Successor 158:Successor 123:Successor 95:Successor 5443:Camillus 5430:Timoleon 5336:Lycurgus 5323:Lysander 5314:Lucullus 5309:Pericles 5158:Plutarch 5104:Deidamia 5085:(regent) 5058:Aeacides 4995:Aspurgus 4888:(regent) 4871:Prytanis 4713:Sames II 4569:(regent) 4542:Boteiras 4489:Telephos 4479:Hermaeus 4434:Diomedes 4404:Strato I 4389:Zoilos I 4215:Attalids 3902:(regent) 3841:Philip V 3630:Philip V 3571:Meleager 3392:Philip I 3351:Tyrimmas 2724:"Epirus" 2514:Appian. 2014:Justin, 1696:Bircenna 1688:Audoleon 1668:Olympias 1622:Pergamon 1570:Hannibal 1566:Plutarch 1551:Ioannina 1432:recruits 1375:Syracuse 1304:Carthage 1258:Campania 1200:slingers 1194:, 2,000 1190:, 3,000 1188:infantry 1125:Tarentum 1012:Thessaly 1008:Ambracia 976:Antigone 932:Seleucus 861:Diadochi 834:Aeacidae 822:Illyrian 814:Glaucias 798:Deidamia 790:Olympias 747:Deidamia 743:Achilles 591:Carthage 579:Heraclea 575:Tarentum 361:Religion 345:Aeacides 335:Aeacidae 307:Olympias 289:Bircenna 279:Antigone 267:, Greece 229:Hiero II 36:Basileus 5408:Eumenes 5399:Theseus 5395:Romulus 5386:Pyrrhus 5359:Phocion 5269:Crassus 5180:Moralia 5094:Ptolemy 5048:Arybbas 5028:Admetus 5010:Cotys I 4990:Polemon 4985:Polemon 4981:Dynamis 4976:Dynamis 4967:Dynamis 4963:Asander 4953:Dynamis 4949:Asander 4876:Eumelos 4675:Arsaces 4650:Laodice 4573:Ziaelas 4567:Etazeta 4444:Epander 4439:Amyntas 3846:Perseus 3732:Argeads 3682:italics 3635:Perseus 3593:Pyrrhus 3556:Pyrrhus 3427:Orestes 3402:Alcetas 3337:Caranus 3143:Pyrrhos 2590:Sources 2253:Encarta 2220:Pyrrhus 2186:Pyrrhus 2018:, 17.3. 2016:Epitome 1958:, s.v. 1827:Pyrrhus 1692:Paeonia 1672:Ptolemy 1560:In his 1517:Ptolemy 1505:Spartan 1444:Lucania 1267:Etruria 1242:Bruttii 1230:Lucania 1196:archers 1192:cavalry 1173:Macedon 1153:Lucania 1149:Rhegium 1038:Corcyra 1027:Lanassa 962:Ptolemy 952:Phrygia 940:Ptolemy 890:Illyria 832:of the 816:of the 751:Homeric 735:Pyrrhos 626:Pyrrhos 583:Asculum 540:toparch 536:Malalas 522:of the 511:Pýrrhos 463:Pyrrhus 330:Dynasty 321:Helenus 312:Ptolemy 284:Lanassa 215:Thinion 29:Pyrrhus 21:Pyrrhus 5368:Pompey 5305:Fabius 5300:Brutus 5291:Cicero 5282:Antony 5273:Nicias 4670:Darius 4464:Nicias 4459:Thraso 4399:Lysias 3725:rulers 3344:Coenus 3253:With: 3129: 3108: 3087: 3035: 3014: 2993: 2972: 2951: 2933:Book 7 2914: 2895: 2874: 2831: 2808: 2787: 2766: 2747:1 July 2730:1 July 2711: 2690: 2669: 2648: 2618: 2226:, 1.7. 1960:πυρρός 1740: 1661:Cicero 1582:Appian 1555:Greece 1541:Legacy 1300:Sicily 1275:Apulia 1250:Croton 1219:Consul 1198:, 500 1147:, and 1141:Thurii 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