TurboGrafx-16 - Knowledge

863: 1314:(as well as a standard NES controller). Another controller known as the TurboPad was also launched separately with the console, which added two "Turbo" switches for the I and II buttons with three speed settings. The switches allow for a single button press to register multiple inputs at once (for instance, this allows for rapid fire in scrolling shooters). The TurboPad became standard-issue with the TurboGrafx-16 in North America, as well as subsequent models of the PC Engine in Japan starting with the PC Engine Coregrafx, immediately phasing out the original PC Engine Pad. 1337:. The TurboBooster attached to the back of the system and allowed it to output composite video and stereo audio. Hudson released the Ten no Koe 2 in Japan, which enabled the ability to save progress in compatible HuCard titles. In 1991, NEC Avenue released the Avenue Pad 3, which added a third action button labelled "III" that could be assigned via a switch to function as either the Select or Run button, as many games had begun to use one of those for in-game commands. The Avenue Pad 6 was released in 1993 in conjunction with the PC Engine port of 1004:, released on the same day as the CoreGrafx in Japan, is an enhanced variation of the PC Engine hardware with updated specs. This model has a second HuC6270A (VDC), a HuC6202 (VDP) that combines the output of the two VDCs, four times as much RAM, twice as much video RAM, and a second layer/plane of scrolling. It also uses the revised HuC6280A CPU, but the sound and color palette were not upgraded, making the expensive price tag a big disadvantage to the system. As a result, only five exclusive SuperGrafx games and two hybrid games ( 1101: 1239: 819: 1302: 1050: 968: 201: 764: 1110: 207: 4533: 1343:, adding four action buttons numbered "III" through "VI"; unlike the three-button pad, these buttons did not duplicate existing buttons, and instead added new functionalities in compatible titles. Another six-button controller, the Arcade Pad 6, was released by NEC Home Electronics in 1994, replacing the TurboPad as the bundled controller of the PC Engine Duo-RX (the last model of the console). 4557: 1026: 575: 43: 1136: 186: 145: 4545: 192: 1038:

controllers. The reduced price was made possible by removing the expansion port from the back, making it the first model of the console that was not compatible with the CD-ROM² add-on. However, it does have a slot for a memory backup unit, which is required for certain games. The RF output used on the original PC Engine was also replaced with an A/V port for the Shuttle.

1065:. It can play only HuCard games. It has a 2.6-inch (66 mm) backlit, active-matrix color LCD screen, the most advanced on the market for a portable video game unit at the time. The screen contributed to its high price and short battery life, however, which hurt its performance in the market. It also has a TV tuner adapter as well as a two-player link cable. 1322:

TurboTap peripherals, known as the DuoPad and the DuoTap respectively, to be made. An official TurboGrafx-16/Duo Adapter was also produced, which was an extension cable that allowed any TurboGrafx-16 controller or peripheral to be connected into the TurboDuo console (as well as any PC Engine console as a side effect).

557:, was rushed to market in 1989. It featured many performance enhancements and was intended to supersede the standard PC Engine. It failed to catch on—only six titles were released that took advantage of the added power and it was quickly discontinued. The final model was discontinued in 1994. It was succeeded by the 1569:

In Japan, the PC Engine was very successful, and at one point it was the top-selling console in the nation. In North America and Europe, the situation was reversed, with both Sega and Nintendo dominating the console market at the expense of NEC. Initially, the TurboGrafx-16 sold well in the U.S., but

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All PC Engine and TurboGrafx-16 consoles only have one controller port; in order to use multiple controllers on the same system and play multiplayer games, a separate peripheral, known in Japan as the MultiTap and in North America as the TurboTap, was required, which allowed up to five controllers to

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is an add-on attachment for the PC Engine that was released in Japan on December 4, 1988. The add-on allows the core versions of the console to play PC Engine games in CD-ROM format in addition to standard HuCards. This made the PC Engine the first video game console to use CD-ROM as a storage media.

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In an effort to relaunch the system in the North American market, in mid-1992 NEC and Hudson Soft transferred management of the system in North America to a new joint venture called Turbo Technologies Inc. and released the TurboDuo, an all-in-one unit that included the CD-ROM drive built in. However,

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format, thin credit card-sized cards that insert into the front slot of the console. PC Engine HuCards have 38 connector pins. TurboGrafx-16 HuCards (alternatively referred to as "TurboChips") reverse eight of these pins as a region lockout method. The power switch on the console also acts as a lock

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adapters in the United Kingdom during the late 1980s. In 1989, a British company called Mention manufactured an adapted PAL version called the PC Engine Plus. However, the system was not officially supported by NEC. From November 1989 to 1993, PC Engine consoles as well as some add-ons were imported

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In 1988, NEC decided to expand to the American market and directed its U.S. operations to develop the system for the new audience. NEC Technologies boss Keith Schaefer formed a team to test the system. They found out that there was a lack of enthusiasm in its name "PC Engine" and also felt its small

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gave it a "thumbs down". Though they praised the system's CD sound, graphics, and five-player capability, they criticized the outdated controller and the games library, saying the third-party support was "almost nonexistent" and that most of the first party games were localizations of games better

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Due to using different diameter controller ports, PC Engine controllers and peripherals are not compatible with TurboGrafx-16 consoles and vice versa. The TurboDuo would revert to using the same controller port that the PC Engine uses, resulting in new TurboDuo-branded versions of the TurboPad and

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platforms. NEC lacked the vital experience in the video gaming industry and approached numerous video game studios for support. By pure coincidence, NEC's interest in entering the lucrative video game market coincided with Hudson's failed attempt to sell designs for then-advanced graphics chips to

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form, released on December 13, 1991, in Japan, retailing at ¥99,800. The LT does not require a television display (and does not have any AV output) as it has a built-in flip-up screen and speakers, just as a laptop would have, but, unlike the GT, the LT runs on a power supply. Its expensive price

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was released in Japan on November 22, 1989, as a less expensive model of the console, retailing at ¥18,800. It was targeted primarily towards younger players with its spaceship-like design and came bundled with a TurboPad II controller, which is shaped differently from the other standard TurboPad

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were released as standard HuCards which took advantage of the extra video hardware if played on a SuperGrafx) were released, and the system was quickly discontinued. The SuperGrafx has the same expansion port as previous PC Engine consoles, but requires an adapter in order to utilize the original

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released on October 26, an upgrade for the existing CD-ROM² add-on that serves as a replacement to the original System Card. PC Engine owners who did not already own the original CD-ROM² add-on could instead opt for the Super-CD-ROM² unit, an updated version of the add-on released on December 13,

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were also overhyped about its potential and quickly produced 750,000 units, far above actual demand. This was very profitable for Hudson Soft as NEC paid Hudson Soft royalties for every console produced, whether sold or not. By 1990, it was clear that the system was performing very poorly and NEC

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Many peripherals were produced for both the TurboGrafx-16 and PC Engine. The TurboStick is a tabletop joystick designed to replicate the standard control layout of arcade games from the era. Other similar joystick controllers were produced by third-party manufacturers, such as the Python 4 by

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as a pack-in game, a conversion of the PC Engine title Mashin Eiyuuden Wataru. The PC Engine console received strong third-party support in Japan, while the TurboGrafx-16 console struggled to gain the attention of other developers. Hudson brought over many of its popular franchises, such as

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that prevents HuCards from being removed while the system is powered on. The European release of the TurboGrafx-16 did not have its own PAL-formatted HuCards as a result of its limited release, with the system instead supporting standard HuCards and outputting a PAL 50 Hz video signal.

526:(VDC) and video color encoder. The GPUs are capable of displaying 482 colors simultaneously, out of 512. With dimensions of just 14 cm × 14 cm × 3.8 cm (5.5 in × 5.5 in × 1.5 in), the Japanese PC Engine is the smallest major home game console ever made. Games were released on 1082:

meant that few units were produced compared to other models. The LT has full expansion port capability, so the CD-ROM² unit is compatible with the LT the same way as it is with the original PC Engine and CoreGrafx. However, the LT requires an adapter to use the enhanced Super CD-ROM² unit.

779:, which was released in North America in August 1991. In May 1994, Turbo Technologies announced that it was dropping support for the Duo, though it would continue to offer repairs for existing units and provide ongoing software releases through independent companies in the U.S. and Canada. 755:

After seeing the TurboGrafx-16 falter in America, NEC decided to cancel their European releases. Units for the European markets were already produced, which were essentially US models modified to run on PAL television sets. NEC sold this stock to distributors; in the United Kingdom,

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standard. By this point, support for both the TurboGrafx-16 and Turbo Duo was already waning in North America; thus, no North American version of either Arcade Card was produced, though a Japanese Arcade Card can still be used on a North American console through a HuCard converter.

3148:"[Notice] We have added the notice "Regarding the manufacturing and shipping delays of the PC Engine Core Grafx mini products due to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)" to the official website. Check here for more details: https://konami.com/games/pcemini/eu/en/ #CoreGrafx" 1309:

In Japan, the PC Engine was originally sold with a standard controller known simply as the Pad. It has a rectangular shape with a directional pad, two action buttons numbered "I" and "II", and two rubber "Select" and "Run" buttons, matching the number of buttons on the

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The PC Engine made its debut in the Japanese market on October 30, 1987, and it was a tremendous success. The PC Engine had an elegant, "eye-catching" design, and it was very small compared to its rivals. The PC Engine sold 500,000 units in its first week of release.

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supports an add-on module which allows the use of PC Engine games (HuCard, CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM²) as well as new "LD-ROM²" titles that work only on this device. NEC also released their own LaserActive unit (NEC PCE-LD1) and PC Engine add-on module, under an

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with built-in PC Engine console, released on September 27, 1988, in Japan for ¥138,000. Following NEC's PCs' naming scheme, the PC-KD863G was designed to eliminate the need to buy a separate television set and a console. It output its signals in

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In Europe, the console is known by its original Japanese name PC Engine, rather than its American name TurboGrafx-16. PC Engine imports from Japan drew a cult following, with a number of unauthorized PC Engine imports available along with

500:. It was released in Japan in 1987 and in North America in 1989. In Europe the Japanese model was unofficially imported and distributed in the United Kingdom and France from 1988. In Japan, the system was launched as a competitor to the 1127:

in Japan on September 21, 1991, which combined the PC Engine and Super CD-ROM² unit into a single console. The system can play HuCards, audio CDs, CD+Gs, standard CD-ROM² games and Super CD-ROM² games. The North American version, the

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size was not very suitable to American consumers who would generally prefer a larger and "futuristic" design. They decided to call the system the "TurboGrafx-16", a name representing its graphical speed and strength and its 16-bit

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is an updated model of the PC Engine, released in Japan on December 8, 1989. It has the same form factor as the original PC Engine, but it changes the color scheme from white and red to black and blue and replaces the original's

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in the United States in November 1989, with a remodeled interface unit in order to suit the different shape of the TurboGrafx-16 console. The TurboGrafx-CD had a launch price of $ 399.99 and did not include any bundled games.

541:'s main rival. However, the TurboGrafx-16 failed to break into the North American market and was a commercial failure, which has been blamed on the delayed release and inferior marketing. In Europe, the Japanese models were 549:

model (named simply "TurboGrafx" without the "16") planned for 1990 was cancelled following the disappointing North American launch with the already-manufactured stock of systems liquidated via mail-order retailers.

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These figures exclude the extraordinary phenomenon in Japan of the 'PC Engine' games console. In December 1988, NEC launched a CD-ROM drive dedicated to a computer games console. They sold 60,000 in the first five

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The add-on consisted of two devices – the CD player itself and the interface unit, which connects the CD player to the console and provides a unified power supply and output for both. It was later released as the

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featuring many built-in games. On March 6, 2020, Konami announced that the TurboGrafx-16 Mini and its peripheral accessories would be delayed indefinitely from its previous March 19, 2020 launch date due to the

671:. They also completely redesigned the hardware into a large, black casing. This lengthy redesign process and NEC's questions about the system's viability in the United States delayed the TurboGrafx-16's debut. 992:, was released on June 21, 1991. Aside from the different coloring (light grey and orange), it is nearly identical to the original CoreGrafx except that the CPU was changed back to the original HuC6280. 534:

optical format with the TurboGrafx-CD add-on. The "16" in its North American name and the marketing of the console as a 16-bit platform despite having an 8-bit CPU was criticized by some as deceptive.

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be plugged into the system. The Cordless Multitap was also available exclusively in Japan, sold as a set with a single Cordless Pad, with additional wireless controllers available separately.

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library, stating that, compared to "all the popular consoles, the PC Engine is way out in front in terms of the range and quality of its race games." Reviewing the Turbo Duo model in 1993,

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Therrien, Carl; Picard, Martin (April 29, 2015). "Enter the bit wars: A study of video game marketing and platform crafting in the wake of the TurboGrafx-16 launch".

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with a 16-bit CPU to test markets. Unlike NEC, Sega did not waste time redesigning the original Japanese Mega Drive system, making only slight aesthetic changes.

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NEC/Turbo Technologies later released the TurboDuo, which combined the TurboGrafx-CD (with the new Super System Card on board) and TurboGrafx-16 into one unit.

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The CD-ROM expansion was a major success for the CD-ROM format, selling 60,000 units in its first five months of release in Japan. By 1989, NEC had sold over

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NEC showed both regular CD-ROM drives and a small consumer drive that is an option for the PC Engine System, a modular game machine that has sold over

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At least 17 distinct models of the console were made, including portable versions and those that integrated the CD-ROM add-on. An enhanced model, the

874:, which updates the BIOS to Version 3.0 and increases buffer RAM from 64 KB to 256 KB. This upgrade was released in several forms: the first was the 3464: 3444: 3434: 3336: 674:

The TurboGrafx-16 (branded as the TurboGrafx-16 Entertainment SuperSystem on the packaging and promotional material) was eventually released in the

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AV port. It also used a revised CPU, the HuC6280A, which supposedly fixed some minor audio issues. A recolored version of the model, known as the

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In 2006, a number of TurboGrafx-16 (TurboChip/HuCARD), TurboGrafx-CD (CD-ROM²) and Turbo Duo (Super CD-ROM²) games were released on Nintendo's

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on September 21, a new model of the console with a CD-ROM drive and upgraded BIOS/RAM already built into the system. This was followed by the

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for the TurboGrafx-16 exist for several modern and retro operating systems and architectures. Popular and regularly updated programs include

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By March 1991, NEC claimed that it had sold 750,000 TurboGrafx-16 consoles in the United States and 500,000 CD-ROM units worldwide.

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disrupting supply chains in China. It was released in North America on May 22, 2020, and released in Europe on June 5, 2020.

910:, which increases the amount of onboard RAM of the Super CD-ROM² System to 2MB. This upgrade was released in two models: the 596: 592: 64: 60: 1382:, to the system with graphically impressive follow-ups. Hudson also designed and published several original titles, such as 107: 2885: 4007: 1681:

application entitled "TurboGrafx-16 GameBox" which allowed users to buy and play a number of select Turbo Grafx games via

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A large portion of the TurboGrafx-16's library is made up of horizontal and vertical-scrolling shooters. Examples include

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suited to the Japanese market. In 2009, the TurboGrafx-16 was ranked the 13th greatest video game console of all time by

4338: 4308: 3639: 3309: 1359: 1279: 844: 697: 1176:. However, it has no BUS expansion port, which made it incompatible with the CD-ROM² System and memory backup add-ons. 4408: 4393: 4055: 3619: 1632: 1352: 2527:"スーパーPCエンジンファン" [Super PC Engine Fan] (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokuma Shoten Intermedia. January 15, 1994. 1958: 767:

The TurboGrafx-16/PC Engine was the first video game console capable of playing CD-ROM games with an optional add-on.

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is a portable version of the PC Engine, released in Japan on December 1, 1990, and then in the United States as the

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was an RPG ported from Japan to the United States that earned Electronic Gaming Magazine RPG of the year in 1993.

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system with a tower-like design. It was a commercial failure, leading NEC to abandon the video game industry.

701:, a Hudson Soft game unknown to western gamers, proved costly as Sega packed-in a port of the hit arcade title 523: 519: 93: 2675: 2243: 3836: 3686: 3351: 1469: 585: 537:

In Japan, the PC Engine was very successful. It gained strong third-party support and eventually became the

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A total of 686 commercial games were released for the TurboGrafx-16. In North America, the system featured

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license. A total of eleven LD-ROM titles were produced, with only three of them released in North America.

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The PC Engine Shuttle was also distributed in South Korea. It was released in 1990 by Daewoo Electronics.

75: 31: 2715:"The RPG Consoler: Game #59: Cosmic Fantasy 2 (TurboGrafx-CD) - "RPG of the Year" -- EGM 1993 (Finished)" 4612: 4217: 4116: 3877: 3821: 3629: 3592: 3380: 3363: 2637: 1183:

was the first licensed PC Engine-compatible hardware manufactured by a third-party company, released by

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imported, modified, and distributed in France and the United Kingdom beginning in 1988, but an official

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was initially announced to be titled "Turbo Grafx 16". The album, however, was eventually scrapped.

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on June 25, 1994. The changes were mostly cosmetic, but the RX included a new 6-button controller.

435: 420: 381: 154: 2586: 4561: 4549: 4255: 4083: 3582: 3404: 3399: 3332: 3241: 3208: 3053: 2693: 2655: 1926: 1721: 1571: 1479: 1329:, released in 1992, allows players to feel the impact of enemy attacks through sound vibrations. 1227: 942: 159: 1786: 4435: 4343: 3387: 3086: 2426: 2416: 2316: 2147: 2137: 2074: 1749: 1730: 1725: 1584: 1535: 1395: 1372: 1334: 1184: 1049: 850: 800: 716: 636: 497: 424: 4189: 4078: 3499: 2510:"Home Games Look Robust at Winter CES Show; "Coin-Op Must Get On Track Fast," Observers Say" 2043: 1918: 1682: 1557: 1406: 967: 692:

The Genesis quickly eclipsed the TurboGrafx-16 after its American debut. NEC's decision to

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were later released for this card, along with several original games released under the

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which combines the CD-ROM drive, interface unit and Super System Card into one device.

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the North American console gaming market continued to be dominated by the Genesis and

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The controversy over bit width marketing strategy reappeared with the advent of the

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in late August 1989. However, this was two weeks after Sega of America released the

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in April 1989 for ¥99,800. It is a hybrid system that can run PC Engine games and

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PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 units sold in Japan and the United States as of 1995, and

504:, but the delayed United States release meant that it ended up competing with the 2098: 2064: 1987:"TurboGrafx-16: the console that time forgot (and why it's worth re-discovering)" 4532: 4497: 4399: 4208: 4161: 4060: 4017: 3803: 3514: 1658:, including several that were originally never released outside Japan. In 2011, 1551: 1474: 1400: 1215: 1198: 1164: 1025: 682: 679: 628: 574: 542: 478: 42: 4556: 3177: 3034:"PC Engine mini, PC Engine CoreGrafx mini, TurboGrafx-16 mini Official Website" 3002:"Kanye West says his new album is called Turbo Grafx 16 and coming this summer" 1135: 870:

In 1991, NEC introduced an upgraded version of the CD-ROM² System known as the

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North American TurboGrafx-16 (top) and the original Japanese PC Engine (bottom)

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CD-ROM² units sold in Japan. The final licensed release for the PC Engine was

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version of the TurboGrafx-16. However, NEC cancelled the plans in early 1990.

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won numerous awards and is seen among the TurboGrafx-16's definitive titles.

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Outside North America and Japan, the TurboGrafx-16 console was released in

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contributed several high-quality conversions of its arcade games, such as

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video display controller and a HuC6260 video color encoder. It includes 8

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CD-ROM² units as of March 1996. This adds up to a total of more than

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features a character, known as Peashy, that pays homage to the console.

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The video game explosion: a history from PONG to Playstation and beyond

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distributed the PC Engine Shuttle in the South Korean market as well.

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Many variations and related products of the PC Engine were released.

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CD-ROM² System add-on, due to the SuperGrafx console's large size.

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instructions and also an AV cable to enable its compatibility with

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eventually, it suffered from a lack of support from third-party

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On March 12, 1994, NEC introduced a third upgrade known as the

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released the console in 1990 in extremely limited quantities.

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PC Engine / TurboGrafx-16 Architecture: A Practical Analysis

3082:"TurboGrafx-16 Mini indefinitely delayed due to coronavirus" 2367: 2199:. No. 26 (November 1989). October 1989. pp. 27–30. 2115:

units. Since December 1988, NEC has sold more than 80,000 CD

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In 1994, NEC released a new console, the Japanese-exclusive

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The PC Engine was created as a collaborative effort between

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565×242 or 256×239, 512 color palette, 482 colors on-screen

561:, which was released only in Japan and was not successful. 3115:"Konami delays PC Engine Core Grafx mini over coronavirus" 2516:. Vol. 15, no. 5. February 1990. pp. 38–44. 2380:(in Japanese). Vol. 11, no. 392. June 21, 1996. 2975:"My next album is titled "Turbo Grafx 16" as of now…" 2012:"Why Kanye West is right to recommend the TurboGrafx-16" 2680:(43 ed.). United States. February 1993. p. 68 1803:

Anglin, Paul; Rand, Paul; Boone, Tim (15 August 1992).

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system with bit width, although it used a 16-bit CPU.

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could not compete with Nintendo and Sega's marketing.

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consoles and more than 80,000 CD-ROM units in Japan.

2642:(33 ed.). United Kingdom. April 1993. p. 5 1282:

running at 3.58 MHz and a 5-10 bit stereo PCM.

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PC Engine CoreGrafx with CD-ROM² and interface unit

442: 431: 416: 405: 388: 375: 365: 348: 310: 302: 246: 236: 226: 216: 152:It has been suggested that this article should be 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2010:Stuart, Keith; Freeman, Will (February 27, 2016). 1242:Top view of the motherboard for the TurboGrafx-16 1143:Two updated variants were released in Japan: the 1816:. No. 130 (September 1992). pp. 22–5. 715:In late 1989, NEC announced plans for a coin-op 2305:"テレビゲーム機の変遷 —ファミコン、スーパーファミコン、プレステ、プレステ2、Wiiまで—" 1874: 1872: 1761: 903: 707:with the Genesis. NEC's American operations in 635:, a company which was dominant in the Japanese 2740:"What in the Name of Sam Hill is a PC Engine?" 2356:(in Japanese). Osaka, Japan. December 1, 2001. 1555:series, was particularly successful in Japan. 1258:paired with two 16-bit graphics processors, a 897: 805:on June 3, 1999, on the Super CD-ROM² format. 4008:Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System 3671: 3317: 3193: 8: 1959:"Stalled engine: The TurboGrafx-16 turns 25" 178: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1410:, two well-received virtual pinball games. 485:. It was the first console marketed in the 4283: 3678: 3664: 3656: 3484: 3324: 3310: 3302: 3200: 3186: 3178: 2698:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2660:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1980: 1978: 1902: 1900: 177: 615:Learn how and when to remove this message 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:Fourth-generation home video game console 2472:from the original on September 25, 2018. 2166:"The Revolution That Failed: NEC's bold 1798: 1796: 1237: 866:Super CD-ROM² attached to a CoreGrafx II 732:from Japan by French importer Sodipeng ( 515:The console has an 8-bit CPU and a dual 4528: 4313:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System 2813:from the original on February 17, 2018. 2568:. No. 54. January 1994. p. 94 1778: 1742: 734:Société de Distribution de la PC Engine 631:, who created video game software, and 3014:from the original on September 6, 2018 2691: 2653: 2541: 2530: 2292:from the original on January 12, 2020. 1957:Nutt, Christian (September 12, 2014). 1881:"Feature: The Making of the PC Engine" 1864:Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 848:were the TurboGrafx-CD launch titles; 744:through major retailers. It came with 4608:Fourth-generation video game consoles 2403:Top 25 Videogame Consoles of All Time 2303:小川 (Ogawa), 純生 (Sumio) (2010-12-14). 1879:McFerran, Damien (November 2, 2012). 1840:"NEC PC Engine: A New Age Has Dawned" 1834: 1832: 1830: 7: 2713:Reverie, Zenic (September 4, 2016). 2613:"System - PC Engine Virtual Cushion" 2066:The Emergence of the Electronic Book 1846:from the original on August 25, 2021 1823:from the original on 1 October 2021. 1451:Street Fighter II': Champion Edition 597:adding citations to reliable sources 65:adding citations to reliable sources 3530:Super Nintendo Entertainment System 3127:from the original on March 10, 2020 3113:Yin-Poole, Wesley (March 6, 2020). 3061:from the original on March 10, 2020 2888:from the original on August 9, 2006 2762:from the original on April 7, 2020. 2133:The Ultimate History of Video Games 2109:. Online, Incorporated: 121. 1989. 1971:from the original on June 27, 2017. 1893:from the original on July 30, 2019. 1340:Street Fighter II: Champion Edition 3094:from the original on March 7, 2020 3080:Batchelor, James (March 6, 2020). 2951:from the original on July 12, 2016 2933:Cowan, Danny (December 21, 2010). 2330:from the original on July 25, 2015 2024:from the original on June 22, 2017 1999:from the original on July 1, 2018. 1545:, a compilation of two games from 1333:QuickShot and the Stick Engine by 1123:NEC Home Electronics released the 782:In Japan, NEC had sold a total of 25: 3000:Byford, Sam (February 27, 2016). 2806:. December 1993. pp. 46–49. 4598:Discontinued video game consoles 4555: 4543: 4531: 1132:, was launched in October 1992. 1108: 1099: 573: 205: 199: 190: 184: 143: 41: 2852:. Hudsonent.com. Archived from 2384:from the original on 2021-10-19 2354:Asahi Shinbun (Evening Edition) 2352:"ウィークエンド経済第765号あの失敗がこう生きた ". 2210:McFerran, Damien (2019-06-15). 2170:coin-op venture didn't pan out" 1985:Sartori, Paul (April 2, 2013). 1842:. United Kingdom: Micro Media. 1805:"4 Page Review: BC Kid (Amiga)" 1691:Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory 1583:magazine praised the console's 1077:is a model of the console in a 786:PC Engine units as of 1995 and 584:needs additional citations for 52:needs additional citations for 4623:65xx-based video game consoles 4354:View-Master Interactive Vision 2876:"GDC 06: Satoru Iwata Keynote" 2599:"United States patent 5059955" 2405:, IGN. Retrieved June 14, 2010 1674:in the North American region. 522:(GPU) chipset consisting of a 1: 3047:Lanier, Liz (June 12, 2019). 2985:on June 14, 2016 – via 438:, PSG, 5 to 10 bit stereo PCM 4339:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy 2825:"TurboGrafx-16 is number 13" 1677:In 2010, Hudson released an 1360:Keith Courage in Alpha Zones 1312:Famicom's primary controller 1285:TurboGrafx-16 games use the 1280:programmable sound generator 971:CoreGrafx & CoreGrafx II 698:Keith Courage in Alpha Zones 473:outside North America, is a 4618:Products introduced in 1987 4409:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 4394:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 4056:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 3146:@konamieu (March 6, 2020). 1762: 1353:List of TurboGrafx-16 games 1147:on March 25, 1993, and the 904: 358:2.02 million (CD-ROM + Duo) 4639: 2587:A History of Korean Gaming 2285:. July 1994. p. 172. 2250:. June 1991. pp. 64–7 1350: 1305:The TurboGrafx-16 TurboPad 1218:by a third-party company, 1089: 355:5.62 million (HuCard only) 29: 4510: 3845:Commodore 64 Games System 3605: 2748:Electronic Gaming Monthly 2677:Electronic Gaming Monthly 2565:Electronic Gaming Monthly 2415:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2008). 1753: 1646:download service for the 1246:The TurboGrafx-16 uses a 1116: 984:-output connector with a 898: 530:cartridges and later the 198: 183: 158:into multiple articles. ( 4603:Home video game consoles 3687:Home video game consoles 3614:Fifth generation → 3609:← Third generation 2777:, issue 34 (July 1990), 2755:. May 1995. p. 15. 2099:"Japanese Announcements" 1923:10.1177/1461444815584333 1813:Computer and Video Games 1787:"Retro Sales Age Thread" 1609:did not market its 1979 1234:Technical specifications 524:video display controller 520:graphics processing unit 409:Composite or RF TV out; 4013:Super Famicom/Super NES 3985:PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 3352:Home video game console 2540:Cite magazine requires 2488:The Catoosa County News 1910:New Media & Society 1660:ten TurboGrafx-16 games 738:Guillemot International 494:central processing unit 475:home video game console 231:Home video game console 179:TurboGrafx-16/PC Engine 18:PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 2454:"TurboGrafx-CD System" 2244:"Celebrating Software" 2063:Feldman, Tony (1990). 1306: 1243: 1140: 1054: 1030: 990:PC Engine CoreGrafx II 972: 867: 823: 768: 32:DG Flugzeugbau DG-1000 4593:CD-ROM-based consoles 3878:Super Cassette Vision 3822:Coleco Telstar Arcade 3465:Eighth (2012–present) 3364:Handheld game console 2973:(February 26, 2016). 2937:TurboGrafx-16 GameBox 2484:"Toys R Us weekly ad" 2248:Computer Gaming World 1662:were released on the 1304: 1241: 1210:Other foreign markets 1138: 1090:Further information: 1052: 1028: 970: 865: 821: 814:TurboGrafx-CD/CD-ROM² 766: 3588:Mega Duck/Cougar Boy 3470:Ninth (2020–present) 2560:"International News" 2462:Computer Entertainer 2049:New Computer Express 1718:Tokyo Game Show 2019 1672:PlayStation Portable 1531:Victor Entertainment 1417:Valkyrie no Densetsu 1254:CPU running at 7.16 1002:PC Engine SuperGrafx 593:improve this article 555:PC Engine SuperGrafx 483:NEC Home Electronics 450:PC Engine SuperGrafx 221:NEC Home Electronics 61:improve this article 4304:Fairchild Channel F 3460:Seventh (2005–2017) 3333:Video game consoles 3209:Video game consoles 2914:on December 1, 2008 2617:www.pcengine-fx.com 2313:経営論集 (Keiei Ronshū) 2188:"The Secret's Out!" 1664:PlayStation Network 1572:software developers 1248:Hudson Soft HuC6280 1195:Pioneer Corporation 1191:computer software. 977:PC Engine CoreGrafx 736:), a subsidiary of 436:Hudson Soft HuC6280 382:Hudson Soft HuC6280 180: 4145:Mega Drive/Genesis 3583:Watara Supervision 3445:Fourth (1987–2004) 3435:Second (1976–1992) 2884:. March 23, 2006. 2490:. December 5, 1990 2044:"Console Yourself" 1722:TurboGrafx-16 Mini 1633:Emulation programs 1480:Super Star Soldier 1307: 1244: 1228:Daewoo Electronics 1155:Third-party models 1141: 1055: 1031: 973: 943:Fatal Fury Special 868: 851:Ys Book I & II 824: 769: 639:market with their 4519: 4518: 4506: 4505: 4436:EVO Smart Console 3756:Super Vision 8000 3653: 3652: 3601: 3600: 3455:Sixth (1998–2013) 3450:Fifth (1993–2006) 3440:Third (1983–2003) 3430:First (1972–1980) 3388:Dedicated console 3337:fourth generation 3299: 3298: 3258:Handheld consoles 3087:GamesIndustry.biz 2981:). Archived from 2939:Emulator For iOS" 2935:"Hudson Releases 2432:978-0-313-33868-7 2270:"At the Deadline" 2080:978-0-7123-3227-9 1917:(10): 2323–2339. 1731:COVID-19 pandemic 1726:dedicated console 1536:The Legendary Axe 1335:ASCII Corporation 1222:, under the name 1121: 1120: 1035:PC Engine Shuttle 1029:PC Engine Shuttle 880:Super System Card 801:Dead of the Brain 752:television sets. 717:arcade video game 637:personal computer 625: 624: 617: 498:false advertising 487:fourth generation 463: 462: 341:December 16, 1994 277:November 22, 1989 176: 175: 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 4630: 4560: 4559: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4536: 4535: 4527: 4309:Interton VC 4000 4284: 4079:Magnavox Odyssey 3680: 3673: 3666: 3657: 3485: 3326: 3319: 3312: 3303: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3179: 3160: 3159: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2795: 2791:"System Shopper" 2787: 2781: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2744: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2719:The RPG Consoler 2710: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2589: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2458: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2329: 2310: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2274: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2224:on July 30, 2019 2220:. Archived from 2207: 2201: 2200: 2192: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1982: 1973: 1972: 1954: 1935: 1934: 1904: 1895: 1894: 1876: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1836: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1809: 1800: 1791: 1790: 1783: 1766: 1765: 1755: 1747: 1697:In 2016, rapper 1683:in-app purchases 1666:for play on the 1650:, and later the 1574:and publishers. 1558:Cosmic Fantasy 2 1391:Dungeon Explorer 1379:Adventure Island 1149:PC Engine Duo-RX 1139:PC Engine Duo RX 1112: 1103: 1096: 1095: 909: 907: 901: 900: 797: 793: 789: 785: 662: 620: 613: 609: 606: 600: 577: 569: 340: 331: 322: 294: 285: 276: 267: 259:October 30, 1987 258: 209: 203: 194: 188: 181: 171: 168: 147: 146: 139: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4530: 4522: 4520: 4515: 4502: 4481: 4460: 4419: 4358: 4317: 4299:Bally Astrocade 4275: 4242: 4199: 4171: 4121: 4098: 4089:Videopac+ G7400 4065: 4042: 3994: 3971: 3967:Xbox Series X/S 3933: 3910: 3882: 3873:Cassette Vision 3859: 3831: 3808: 3785: 3742: 3689: 3684: 3654: 3649: 3616: 3611: 3597: 3546: 3480: 3474: 3416: 3340: 3330: 3300: 3295: 3269: 3253: 3215: 3206: 3169: 3164: 3163: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2856:on July 2, 2017 2848: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2802:. 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268:August 29, 1989 262: 253: 212: 204: 189: 172: 166: 163: 148: 144: 133: 122: 116: 113: 76:"TurboGrafx-16" 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4636: 4634: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4552: 4540: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4402: 4397: 4387: 4385:FM Towns Marty 4382: 4377: 4372: 4370:Amstrad GX4000 4366: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4288: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4252: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4142: 4137: 4131: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4091: 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Ports of 893:Arcade Card 887:Arcade Card 680:Los Angeles 661:1.2 million 629:Hudson Soft 543:grey market 479:Hudson Soft 4588:1990s toys 4583:1980s toys 4572:Categories 4329:Action Max 4294:APF-MP1000 4195:Neo Geo CD 3901:ClickStart 3855:Amiga CD32 3733:VCS (2021) 3713:Atari 7800 3708:Atari 5200 3703:Atari 2600 3563:Atari Lynx 3505:Neo Geo CD 3481:generation 3274:Technology 3232:SuperGrafx 2753:Ziff Davis 2334:2021-12-06 2152:2001036497 1850:2021-08-25 1773:References 1699:Kanye West 1496:Galaga '88 1470:Salamander 1429:Galaga '88 1398:published 1351:See also: 996:SuperGrafx 955:Variations 905:Ākēdo Kādo 605:March 2020 398:64 KB VRAM 384:@ 7.16 MHz 349:Units sold 237:Generation 87:newspapers 4446:Hyperscan 4441:Game Wave 4167:Dreamcast 4084:Odyssey 2 4048:Panasonic 3939:Microsoft 3929:HyperScan 3837:Commodore 3781:Terebikko 3728:Flashback 3568:Game Gear 3131:March 10, 3120:Eurogamer 3098:March 10, 3065:March 10, 3007:The Verge 2944:Gamasutra 2694:cite book 2656:cite book 2572:March 10, 2438:April 10, 2388:August 2, 2321:0286-6439 1964:Gamasutra 1708:In 2019, 1605:console. 1577:In 1990, 1565:Reception 1444:, as did 1367:Bomberman 1272:Video RAM 1224:Vistar 16 1174:composite 1161:PC-KD863G 963:CoreGrafx 777:Super NES 758:Telegames 510:Super NES 471:PC Engine 443:Successor 306:1987–1994 4493:Polymega 4431:DISCover 4390:Goldstar 4261:Socrates 4117:RCA Nuon 4023:GameCube 4000:Nintendo 3962:Xbox One 3957:Xbox 360 3888:LeapFrog 3630:Services 3620:Emulator 3558:Game Boy 3551:Handheld 3237:TurboDuo 3125:Archived 3092:Archived 3059:Archived 3018:April 6, 3012:Archived 2955:April 6, 2949:Archived 2886:Archived 2808:Archived 2757:Archived 2494:June 17, 2467:Archived 2423:ABC-CLIO 2382:Archived 2372:Express" 2368:"Weekly 2325:Archived 2287:Archived 2130:(2001). 2103:Database 2022:Archived 1997:Archived 1969:Archived 1931:19553739 1891:Archived 1844:Archived 1818:Archived 1750:Japanese 1637:Mednafen 1423:Pac-Land 1385:Air Zonk 1130:TurboDuo 1092:TurboDuo 899:アーケードカード 650:Nintendo 417:Graphics 395:8 KB RAM 332:May 1994 303:Lifespan 117:May 2023 4524:Portals 4349:Vectrex 4271:V.Flash 4266:V.Smile 4190:Neo Geo 4181:Neo Geo 4150:Sega CD 4135:SG-1000 4071:Philips 3799:PV-1000 3771:Playdia 3761:Arcadia 3635:History 3535:SNS-101 3500:Neo Geo 3286:HuC6270 3281:HuC6280 3156:Twitter 3054:Variety 2987:Twitter 2918:July 5, 2892:July 5, 2860:July 5, 2834:July 5, 2799:GamePro 2779:page 59 2684:29 July 2646:29 July 2622:29 July 2377:Famitsu 2370:Famitsu 2278:GamePro 2228:10 June 2086:months. 1758:Hepburn 1716:and at 1714:E3 2019 1590:GamePro 1464:Gradius 1396:Compile 1347:Library 1276:palette 1260:HuC6270 1250:CPU—an 1181:X1-Twin 1021:Shuttle 920:Neo-Geo 828:CD-ROM² 809:Add-ons 742:Benelux 709:Chicago 694:pack-in 565:History 502:Famicom 425:HuC6260 421:HuC6270 406:Display 160:discuss 101:scholar 4280:Others 4162:Saturn 4038:Switch 3916:Mattel 3906:LeapTV 3814:Coleco 3748:Bandai 3723:Jaguar 3578:Gamate 3479:Fourth 3291:HuCard 2514:RePlay 2429: 2319: 2174:RePlay 2150: 2140: 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