391:(ART), PEPFAR supports prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections, as well as services to prevent and treat malaria, tuberculosis, waterborne illness, and other acute infections. PEPFAR supports training and salaries for personnel (including clinicians, laboratorians, pharmacists, counselors, medical records staff, outreach workers, peer educators, etc.), renovation and refurbishment of health care facilities, updated laboratory equipment and distribution systems, logistics and management for drugs and other commodities. This is intended to ensure the sustainability of PEPFAR services in host countries, enabling long-term management of HIV/AIDS.
613:. The previous 33% earmark has since been replaced by a requirement that if more than 50% of PEPFAR funds are allocated to non-abstinence promotion measures, the US Global AIDS Coordinator must report to Congress. However, the new reporting requirement continues to emphasize abstinence and fidelity to the exclusion of comprehensive approaches, such as those that include education about male and female condoms. This can cause a chilling effect for organizations receiving PEPFAR funding, who may censor their prevention activities and fall short of providing comprehensive HIV prevention services to women, men, and young people.
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PEPFAR works in partnership with host nations to support treatment, prevention and care for millions of people in more than 85 countries. Partnership
Frameworks provide a 5-year joint strategic framework for cooperation between the U.S. Government, the partner government, and other partners to combat HIV/AIDS in the host country through service delivery, policy reform, and coordinated financial commitments.See the
124:, his future secretary of state; she said that, if elected, working more closely with countries on that continent should be a significant part of his foreign policy. She also told him that HIV/AIDS was a central problem in Africa but that the United States was spending only $ 500 million per year on global AIDS, with the money spread across six federal agencies, without a clear strategy for curbing the epidemic.
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U.S. "to maximize its leverage with other countries through the funds available for distribution" since the "Global Fund and other multilateral venues do not possess the same top-down leverage as does the United States in demanding fundamental national-level reforms". However, since the inception of PEPFAR there has been a shift away from strictly bilateral funding to more multilateral programs.
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29 countries, who are part of USG teams implementing PEPFAR. Through partnerships with host governments, Ministries of Health, NGOs, international organizations, U.S.-based universities, and the private sector, GAP assists with HIV prevention, treatment, and care; laboratory capacity building; surveillance; monitoring and evaluation; and public health evaluation research.
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the 20% spent on prevention, one third, or 6.7% of the total, was to be spent on abstinence-until-marriage programs in fiscal years 2006 through 2008, a controversial requirement (see below). The other two thirds was allotted for the widespread array of prevention interventions described above, including counseling, education, injection safety, blood safety and condoms.
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recipients' use of funds in accordance with departmental and other
Federal requirements.... ost of the award files did not include all required documents" to demonstrate proper monitoring. On the November 19, 2012, the OIG published a report critical of the CDC Namibia Office's monitoring of the use of PEPFAR funds.
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Many have argued that PEPFAR's emphasis on direct funding from the United States to
African governments (bilateral programs) have been at the expense of full commitments to multilateral programs such as the Global Fund. Reasons given for this vary, but a major criticism has been that this enables the
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PEPFAR has directly and indirectly contributed to the health systems strengthening of recipient countries including improving laboratory capacity as well as improving monitoring and evaluation including introduction of the electronic medical record systems. Another area of health system strengthening
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With programs in 73 countries, the Peace Corps is heavily involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS.Peace Corps volunteers provide long-term capacity development support to nongovernmental, community-based, and faith-based organizations as they provide holistic support to people living with and affected
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As part of the
Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses PEPFAR funding to implement its Global AIDS Program (GAP). GAP works with highly trained physicians, epidemiologists, public health advisers, behavioral scientists, and laboratory scientists in
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An independent federal agency, USAID receives overall foreign policy guidance from the
Secretary of State and is the agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. USAID supports the implementation of PEPFAR programs in nearly 100 countries, through direct in-country presence in
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With the reauthorization of PEPFAR in 2008 there was a shift away from the "focus country" approach by authorizing the development of a
Partnership Framework model for regions and countries, with the aim of ensuring long-term sustainability and country leadership. Through bilaterally-funded programs,
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Global AIDS funding is provided in the
Foreign Operations and Labor, Health and Human Services appropriations bills, which, if the process goes smoothly, are agreed to by the House and Senate in advance of the federal fiscal year beginning October 1. The Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC)
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Since the start of PEPFAR in 2003, the program has utilized multi-year appropriations. PEPFAR reports to
Congress on an annual basis, providing programmatic and financial data as required by law. The Fourteenth Annual Report to Congress on the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief is available
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PEPFAR-supported care and treatment services are implemented by a wide array of U.S.-based and international groups and agencies. Among the largest "Track 1.0" (treatment) partners are
Harvard University, Columbia University's International Center for AIDS Care & Treatment Programs (ICAP),
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Initially, a recommended 20% of the PEPFAR budget was to be spent on prevention, with the remaining 80% going to care and treatment, laboratory support, antiretroviral drugs, TB/HIV services, support for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), infrastructure, training, and other related services. Of
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The
Department of Defense (DoD) implements PEPFAR programs by supporting HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, strategic information, human capacity development and program/policy development in host military and civilian communities. The DoD HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP) is the DoD Executive
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Housed in the Department of State, the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator oversees the implementation of PEPFAR and ensures coordination among the various agencies involved in the U.S global response to HIV/AIDS. United States Ambassadors from the State Department provide essential leadership to
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The U.S. Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (or the Global AIDS Act) specified a series of broad and specific goals, alternately delegating authority to the president for identifying measurable outcomes in some areas, and specifying by law the quantitative benchmarks
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In December 2014, PEPFAR announced a program PEPFAR 3.0 focusing on Sustainable Control of the AIDS epidemic. This program was designed to address the UNAIDS "90-90-90" global goal: 90 percent of people with HIV diagnosed, 90 percent of them on ART and 90 percent of them virally suppressed by the
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was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and was officially sworn in on June 13, 2022. A little over a year later, Ambassador Nkengasong joined U.S. Secretary of State Anthony J. Blinken to launch State Department’s Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy (GHSD)
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Rather than strictly through salaries, program staff received benefits such as housing and education subsidies. Countries, already stressed by the number of trained physicians and nurses emigrating to western nations, have seen the presence of PEPFAR programs significantly decrease the number of
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PEPFAR has been criticized for having a negative impact on the health systems in regions receiving its funding through its recruitment practices. Although Congress made attempts to limit its impact by prohibiting "topping off" salaries and limiting funding for healthcare worker training (thereby
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requested $ 6.42 billion, including more than $ 4.54 billion for bilateral HIV/AIDS programs and $ 1.65 billion for the Global Fund. For FY 2014, President Obama requested $ 6.73 billion, including more than $ 4.88 billion for bilateral HIV/AIDS programs and $ 1.65 billion for the Global Fund.
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The Department of Labor (DoL) implements PEPFAR workplace-targeted projects that focus on the prevention and reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. DoL programs (in over 23 countries) consist of three main components: increasing knowledge aboutHIV/AIDS, implementing workplace
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The Department of Commerce (DoC) provides support for PEPFAR by furthering private sector engagement through public-private partnerships. Housed within DoC, the U.S. Census Bureau assists with data management and analysis, survey support, estimating infections averted and supporting mapping of
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Under PEPFAR, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) implements PEPFAR-funded prevention, treatment and care programs through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug
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On June 15, 2011, the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG) published a report critical of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) administration of PEPFAR funds. The report read in part: "Our review found that CDC did not always monitor
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The requirement for prevention spending was lifted with the PEPFAR reauthorization in 2008, but some critics worry that some funds could still be spent on abstinence programs. The Center for Health and Gender Equity and Health GAP outline their criticism of PEPFAR on a website known as
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skilled medical professionals willing to work within the domestic healthcare infrastructure. As a result, the overall health of these communities are placed in jeopardy, but funds, physicians, and nurses are diverted to combat HIV/AIDS exclusively within the framework of PEPFAR.
407:, resources for maintaining financial stability, etc. Special care is given to orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs) and services are provided that meet the unique needs of women and girls, including victims of sex trafficking, rape, abuse, and exploitation (see fact sheet on
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Some critics of PEPFAR feel that American political and social groups with moral rather than public health agendas are behind several requirements of PEPFAR, pointing to the mandates that one-third of prevention spending in 2006–2008 be directed towards
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in 2003, as of May 2020, PEPFAR has provided about $ 90 billion in cumulative funding for HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and research since its inception, making it the largest global health program focused on a single disease in history until the
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According to a study presented at the 19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in 2015, the $ 1.3 billion that the U.S. government spent on programs to promote abstinence in sub-Saharan Africa had no significant impact.
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The U.S. government is supporting African production of antiretrovirals (ARVs) to address the continent's HIV epidemic. In July 2024, PEPFAR plans to expand its purchase of ARVs from local suppliers to serve 2 million African patients.
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Administration (FDA), and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The Office of Global Health Affairs within HHS coordinates all of the HHS agencies to be sure PEPFAR resources are being used effectively.
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223:. Most of the $ 15 billion for the program was to be spent on these focus countries, $ 4 billion was allocated for programs elsewhere, and for HIV/AIDS research (the other $ 1 billion was contributed to the
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De Neve, Jan-Walter; Garrison-Desany, Henri; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Sharara, Nour; Boudreaux, Chantelle; Gill, Roopan; Geldsetzer, Pascal; Vaikath, Maria; Bärnighausen, Till; Bossert, Thomas J. (August 8, 2017).
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to be reached within discrete periods of time in others. The legislation also established the State Department Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator to oversee all international AIDS funding and programming.
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Of the estimated 8 million individuals in low- and middle-income countries who currently receive treatment, nearly 6.8 million receive support through PEPFAR bilateral programs, the Global Fund, or both.
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In 2005, it was reported from United Nations' envoy leader for HIV/AIDS in Africa Stephen Lewis that the Bush administration's abstinence policy may have contributed to a shortage of condoms in Uganda.
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There is additional evidence in the published literature that funding towards PEPFAR vis-a-vis antiretroviral therapy also affirmed maternal and child health in addition to HIV treatment outcomes
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budgets according to the allocations provided by Congress and the policy of the Administration. Funding figures by program are reported to Congress by the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator.
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eliminating per diems as a method of augmenting salaries), PEPFAR funded programs effectively paid its local staff up to a hundred times more than that of the local healthcare structure.
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2048:"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Namibia Office Did Not Always Properly Monitor Recipients' Use of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Funds (A-04-12-04020)"
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When PEPFAR was signed into law 15 resource-limited countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates were designated to receive the majority of the funding. The 15 "focus countries" were
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583:. This pledge requires all organizations that receive PEPFAR funding to have a policy that explicitly opposes prostitution and sex trafficking which some activists compared to a
2023:"Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Oversight of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Funds for Fiscal Years 2007 Through 2009 (A-04-10-04006)"
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The U.S. is the first and largest donor to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. To date, the U.S. has provided more than $ 7 billion to the fund.
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Leeper, Sarah; Reddi, Anand. "United States global health policy: HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)".
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The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: Five-Year Strategy report from 2009 outlines the PEPFAR strategy and programs for the fiscal years 2010-2014.
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The impact of PEPFAR faithfulness and abstinence funding on HIV risk behaviours in sub-Saharan Africa. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
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Agent for the technical assistance, management, and administrative support of the global HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment for foreign militaries.
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from PEPFAR's own information system COPRS. The data were obtained after CPI sued the U.S. State Department to gain access to the data. The data were
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interventions; and programs focusing on blood safety, injection safety, secondary prevention ("prevention with positives"), counseling and education.
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The 2008 reauthorization of PEPFAR eliminated the 20% recommendation for prevention efforts, including the requirement for abstinence programs.
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requested at least $ 4.7 billion for the PEPFAR program in its annual budget request to Congress in addition to funding for the multilateral
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587:. A number of AIDS organizations felt such a policy would alienate their efforts to reduce HIV contraction rates among sex workers.
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US PEPFAR abstinence and faithfulness funding had no impact on sexual behaviour in Africa. Keith Alcorn. CROI News. 26 February 2015
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PEPFAR directly supported approximately 32.5 million male circumcision procedures worldwide cumulatively from 2017 through Dec 2023.
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PEPFAR in FY2023 supported 2.5 million adolescent girls and young women were reached through DREAMS HIV prevention services.
540:. Funding amounts to specific in-country implementing mechanisms and partners are only available for the year 2013 onward.
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that PEPFAR has contributed to is its ability to increase the pandemic response to other infectious diseases such as
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the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), and the AIDSRelief consortium of Catholic Relief Services.
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1107:"Harmonization of community health worker programs for HIV: A four-country qualitative study in Southern Africa"
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As of September 30, 2023, PEPFAR supported antiretroviral treatment for nearly 20.47 million people worldwide.
64:. PEPFAR is implemented by a combination of U.S. government agencies in over 50 countries and overseen by the
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policies to reduce stigma and discrimination and building capacity of employers to provide support services.
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PEPFAR directly supported 7.0 million orphans, vulnerable children and their caregivers in fiscal year 2023.
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on the official PEPFAR website, as are more specific reports, financial information and other information.
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106:, the two of them developed a serious interest in improving the fate of the people of Africa after reading
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PEPFAR directly supported HIV testing and counseling for more than 71 million people in fiscal year 2023.
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Annual data on the PEPFAR budget, spending by budget code, and impact estimates are available online at
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PEPFAR continues to be a cornerstone of U.S. global health efforts. On April 4, 2014, Ambassador
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The AIDS pandemic has been stabilised in Southern and East Africa, with life expectancy rising.
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1167:"International HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Key Changes to U.S. Programs and Funding"
1006:"PEPFAR 3.0 - Controlling the Epidemic: Delivering on the Promise of an AIDS-free Generation"
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To slow the spread of the epidemic, PEPFAR supports a variety of prevention programs: the
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in 1990. In 1998, while pondering a run for the U.S. presidency, he discussed Africa with
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and help save the lives of those suffering from the disease. Launched by U.S. President
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1299:"Leveraging PEPFAR-Supported Health Information Systems for COVID-19 Pandemic Response"
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interagency HIV/AIDS teams and engage in policy discussions with host-country leaders.
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1721:"Supreme Court Declares Anti-Prostitution Loyalty Oath a Violation of First Amendment"
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Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
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Garrett, Laurie. 2007. The Challenge of Global Health. Foreign Affairs 86 (1):14-38.
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817:"Republicans are threatening to sabotage George W. Bush's greatest accomplishment"
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In 2023, PEPFAR supported 1.95 million people to newly enroll for antiretroviral
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1997:"Fighting the Axis of Illness: HIV/AIDs, Human Rights, and U.S. Foreign Policy"
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For those who have already been infected with HIV/AIDS, PEPFAR provides HIV
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1754:"Justices Say U.S. Cannot Impose Antiprostitution Condition on AIDS Grants"
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19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Seattle.
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In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the requirement violated the
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Hellevik, Siri Bjerkrem: Does Obama Bring Change to US HIV/AIDS Policy?
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1928:"U.S. Push for Abstinence in Africa Is Seen as Failure Against H.I.V."
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579:-until-marriage programs and that all funded organizations sign an
72:. As of 2023, PEPFAR has saved over 25 million lives, primarily in
48:) is a United States governmental initiative to address the global
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Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
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1692:"The Global Gag Rule and HIV/AIDS Assistance: An Unofficial Guide"
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White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
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Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
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1543:"THE UNITED STATES PRESIDENT'S EMERGENCY PLAN FOR AIDS RELIEF"
743:"The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)"
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European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
1781:"U.S. Blamed for Condom Shortage in Fighting AIDS in Uganda"
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PEPFAR supported antiretroviral drug prophylaxis to prevent
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As of September 30, 2023, PEPFAR has saved 25 million lives.
1200:
937:"Deborah Birx Sworn In as New U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator"
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Fauci, Anthony S.; Eisinger, Robert W. (January 25, 2018).
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1335:"US Commits to Buying HIV Drugs Through African Suppliers"
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Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
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1044:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–5,
1038:"The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)"
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WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease
1965:, Lo N, Lowe A, Bendavid E. Seattle, abstract 160, 2015.
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50 countries and through seven other regional programs.
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United States President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief
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1169:(PDF). Congressional Research Service, August 25, 2008.
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Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
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President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
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Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
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List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
472:(MTCT), resulting in 5.5 million babies born HIV-free.
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Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
1678:"Update on PEPFAR's Programming Budget for 2024/2025"
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filled the Acting role, from being Principal Deputy.
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Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
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AIDS.gov—The U.S. Federal Domestic HIV/AIDS Resource
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The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies
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Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration
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List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
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President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
2575:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
2542:
2427:
2359:
2263:
2151:
519:
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
1680:. PEPFAR. The U.S. State Department. July 8, 2024.
913:
570:Abstinence-only sex education § Global impact
370:prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT)
139:. She held the position until January 2021 when
4111:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
3529:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
1807:"U.S. abstinence push may be hurting AIDS fight"
1627:"PEPFAR: Working Toward an AIDS-Free Generation"
843:"PEPFAR — 15 Years and Counting the Lives Saved"
283:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2189:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
1269:Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
4443:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
4413:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
1863:"AGENCY FOR INT'L DEVELOPMENT v. ALLIANCE FOR"
1730:. Center for Health and Gender Equity (Change)
364:e faithful, and correct and consistent use of
3249:
2124:
2104:HIVtest.org—Find an HIV testing site near you
274:Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
8:
4471:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
4450:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
4383:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
1220:"Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation"
256:Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC)
4666:HIV/AIDS organizations in the United States
4397:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
4020:Government response to September 11 attacks
4006:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
2281:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
1926:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (February 26, 2015).
4436:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
3978:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
3278:
3256:
3242:
3234:
3033:
2688:
2514:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement
2131:
2117:
2109:
2094:A USA government fact sheet on the project
711:President's Commission on the HIV Epidemic
543:In 2008, funding data was obtained by the
92:, and their interests in AIDS prevention,
4390:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
4013:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
3647:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement
1318:
1140:
1122:
858:
706:Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS
265:U.S. Agency for International Development
4701:2003 establishments in the United States
3227:) is being considered for deletion. See
598:prohibition against compelled speech in
331:
246:
4618:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
4355:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
3380:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
1833:"Bush accused of Aids damage to Africa"
731:
4515:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
4125:Secondary Security Screening Selection
1162:
1160:
4055:National Construction Safety Team Act
3814:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
2550:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
2089:Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator
747:The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
691:United States Global AIDS Coordinator
549:analyzed by the HIV/AIDS Monitor team
137:United States Global AIDS Coordinator
27:United States governmental initiative
7:
4588:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act
4487:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
4104:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
737:
735:
445:The results of the program include:
4277:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
3754:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
2669:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
1218:Tucker, Racine (December 7, 2013).
890:Varmus, Harold (December 1, 2013).
555:, who also share the full dataset.
4429:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
4325:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
3696:Dominican Republic–Central America
1906:Supreme Court of the United States
918:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
432:Antiretroviral Local Manufacturing
25:
3999:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
3231:to help reach a consensus. ›
2255:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate
1603:Reddi, Anand (November 1, 2010).
971:United States Department of State
815:Beauchamp, Zack (July 28, 2023).
151:August 1, 2023, which he leads.
100:.” According to his 2010 memoir,
70:United States Department of State
4206:Criticism of government response
4185:Higher Education Opportunity Act
4076:President's Surveillance Program
2716:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2276:AIDS-defining clinical condition
2001:The Harvard Human Rights Journal
1719:Boyer, Melanie (June 20, 2013).
1521:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1495:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1469:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1443:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1417:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1391:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1365:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
675:
661:
459:(PrEP) to prevent HIV infection.
233:PEPFAR World Wide Activities Map
4602:Renewable Identification Number
4420:Forest Land Enhancement Program
4362:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
4284:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
4062:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
1893:Roberts, John (June 20, 2013).
1050:10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_610-2
847:New England Journal of Medicine
4574:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
4494:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
4457:Pension Protection Act of 2006
4291:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
4254:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
4176:Election Assistance Commission
4083:Terrorist Surveillance Program
3992:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
3487:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
721:President's Malaria Initiative
701:Office of National AIDS Policy
1:
4478:Troubled Asset Relief Program
4369:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
4097:Homeland Security Act of 2002
2585:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
2565:International AIDS Conference
2519:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry
2462:Discrimination against people
1517:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1491:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1465:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1439:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1413:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1387:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1361:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1265:"Lessons learned from PEPFAR"
553:Center for Global Development
338:AIDS pandemic in South Africa
4711:Presidency of George W. Bush
4139:Terrorist Screening Database
4090:NSA warrantless surveillance
3937:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
3782:Vision for Space Exploration
3494:State funeral of Gerald Ford
3265:Presidency of George W. Bush
3224:Presidency of George W. Bush
2445:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS
2326:HIV Drug Resistance Database
1629:. Pepfar.gov. Archived from
1582:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833cbb41
1277:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181bbc98d
1124:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002374
470:mother-to-child transmission
419:Health Systems Strengthening
301:Department of Commerce (DoC)
84:PEPFAR began with President
4160:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
4153:Protect America Act of 2007
3944:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
2746:Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
2580:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS
2509:List of HIV-positive people
1868:Legal Information Institute
1547:Results and Impact – PEPFAR
1080:"Collateral Duty Diplomacy"
696:National Commission on AIDS
545:Center for Public Integrity
524:PEPFAR was exempt from the
292:Department of Defense (DoD)
4727:
4581:Healthy Forests Initiative
4222:Medicare Modernization Act
4132:Terrorist Screening Center
4027:Rescue and recovery effort
3863:August 2001 daily briefing
3480:Presidential proclamations
2646:Reports from the Holocaust
2570:International AIDS Society
2560:Elton John AIDS Foundation
1549:. U.S. Department of State
1523:. U.S. Department of State
1497:. U.S. Department of State
1471:. U.S. Department of State
1445:. U.S. Department of State
1419:. U.S. Department of State
1393:. U.S. Department of State
1367:. U.S. Department of State
1242:"Catholic Relief Services"
1036:Dietrich, John W. (2021),
616:PEPFAR also does not fund
567:
564:Controversial requirements
493:Accountability and funding
306:country-level activities.
98:compassionate conservatism
4627:
4537:Clean Boating Act of 2008
4376:Energy Policy Act of 2005
4245:Highly qualified teachers
3661:Trade promotion authority
3521:Joint session of Congress
3281:
3196:
3036:
2605:Treatment Action Campaign
2321:Tuberculosis co-infection
2184:disease progression rates
538:PEPFAR Panorama Spotlight
387:In addition to providing
336:The stabilisation of the
310:Department of Labor (DoL)
4686:HIV/AIDS in South Africa
4634:← Clinton administration
4238:No Child Left Behind Act
3951:Secure Fence Act of 2006
3408:Supreme Court candidates
3373:Legislation and programs
3229:templates for discussion
2331:Innate resistance to HIV
2301:Neurocognitive disorders
1699:www.populationaction.org
618:needle exchange programs
581:anti-prostitution pledge
457:pre-exposure prophylaxis
96:, and what Bush termed “
4595:Renewable Fuel Standard
3849:Pre-attack intelligence
2652:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor
2635:Gay Men's Health Crisis
2311:Opportunistic infection
1985:NIBR International Blog
1980:April 30, 2011, at the
1605:"Aids: Time to Refocus"
941:PEPFAR official website
896:Science & Diplomacy
66:Global AIDS Coordinator
4643:Obama administration →
4551:Clear Skies Initiative
2479:HIV-affected community
2419:HIV and homosexual men
1311:10.3201/eid2813.220751
1205:July 26, 2007, at the
389:antiretroviral therapy
341:
252:
148:Dr. John N. Nkengasong
37:
4565:Executive Order 13432
4544:Climate change policy
4169:Help America Vote Act
3930:Executive Order 13470
3923:Executive Order 13355
3401:Judicial appointments
2659:Silence=Death Project
2457:Criminal transmission
2377:Multiple sex partners
1653:"Funding and Results"
633:Recruitment of locals
335:
250:
243:Implementing agencies
35:
4681:HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia
3835:Communication issues
3828:September 11 attacks
3544:Mission Accomplished
2981:United Arab Emirates
2452:Circumcision and HIV
2409:City of Hope Patient
2169:structure and genome
1708:on January 12, 2006.
1633:on December 20, 2008
1607:. The New York Times
1180:"Harvard University"
1084:sciencediplomacy.org
992:"John N. Nkengasong"
860:10.1056/NEJMp1714773
683:United States portal
4696:Government programs
4298:2006 VRA Amendments
3638:by Condoleezza Rice
3624:International trips
3459:Impeachment efforts
2529:AIDS Memorial Quilt
2341:HIV-positive people
409:Gender and HIV/AIDS
4691:HIV/AIDS in Uganda
4676:HIV/AIDS in Africa
4501:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
4464:Public Law 110-343
3761:Mexico City policy
3106:Dominican Republic
2489:HIV/AIDS denialism
2414:Women and HIV/AIDS
2404:The London Patient
2271:Signs and symptoms
2179:CDC classification
1931:The New York Times
1902:OCTOBER TERM, 2012
1873:Cornell Law School
1785:The New York Times
1759:The New York Times
794:"PEPFAR - HIV.gov"
526:Mexico City Policy
342:
253:
74:sub-Saharan Africa
38:
4653:
4652:
4199:Hurricane Katrina
3842:Military response
3821:USA Freedom Corps
3747:2002 steel tariff
3654:Trade Act of 2002
3602:
3601:
3593:2008 SOTU Address
3586:2007 SOTU Address
3579:2006 SOTU Address
3572:2005 SOTU Address
3565:2004 SOTU Address
3558:2003 SOTU Address
3551:2002 SOTU Address
3466:Executive actions
3387:Email controversy
3214:
3213:
3192:
3191:
3114:
3113:
2595:The SING Campaign
2484:HIV/AIDS activism
2472:Cost of treatment
2394:Timothy Ray Brown
2389:World AIDS Museum
1861:(June 20, 2013).
1839:. August 30, 2005
1813:. August 29, 2005
1787:. August 30, 2005
1752:(June 20, 2013).
1059:978-3-319-74336-3
967:"Angeli Achrekar"
947:on March 25, 2015
596:First Amendment's
62:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
4718:
4646:
4637:
4620:
4613:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4415:
4406:
4399:
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4364:
4357:
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4224:
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4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
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3881:
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3865:
3858:
3851:
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3830:
3823:
3816:
3807:
3800:
3793:
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3740:
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3726:
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3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3505:
3503:Obama transition
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3473:Executive orders
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3394:Shoeing incident
3389:
3382:
3375:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3301:2nd inauguration
3296:
3294:1st inauguration
3289:
3279:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3235:
3184:Papua New Guinea
3034:
2689:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2085:
2084:
2082:Official website
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1923:
1917:
1916:
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1899:
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1766:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1701:. Archived from
1696:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1649:
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1640:
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1400:
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1374:
1372:
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1351:
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1348:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1303:Emerg Infect Dis
1295:
1289:
1288:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1215:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1126:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1002:
996:
995:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
943:. Archived from
933:
927:
919:
915:
910:
904:
903:
887:
881:
880:
862:
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
812:
806:
805:
803:
801:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
739:
685:
680:
679:
678:
671:
666:
665:
664:
237:PEPFAR Dashboard
135:was sworn in as
122:Condoleezza Rice
21:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4640:
4631:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
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4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4418:
4411:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:Economic policy
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4243:
4236:
4229:Medicare Part D
4227:
4220:
4213:Disaster relief
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4174:
4167:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4034:9/11 Commission
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:Domestic policy
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3886:Afghanistan War
3884:
3877:
3870:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:Slovakia summit
3803:
3798:Slovenia summit
3796:
3789:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3631:by Colin Powell
3629:
3622:
3615:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3508:
3501:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3268:
3262:
3232:
3215:
3210:
3188:
3162:
3110:
3082:
3023:
2995:
2941:Myanmar (Burma)
2830:
2678:
2664:Day Without Art
2610:The Global Fund
2538:
2467:Economic impact
2423:
2355:
2259:
2211:pathophysiology
2147:
2137:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2053:. November 2012
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1982:Wayback Machine
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
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1933:
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1354:
1344:
1342:
1341:. July 29, 2024
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1207:Wayback Machine
1199:
1195:
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1117:(8): e1002374.
1103:
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917:
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907:
892:"Making PEPFAR"
889:
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840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
814:
813:
809:
799:
797:
796:. March 2, 2023
792:
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716:TRIPS Agreement
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515:President Biden
507:President Obama
495:
443:
330:
245:
161:
159:Focus countries
141:Angeli Achrekar
133:Deborah L. Birx
116:, and visiting
103:Decision Points
82:
36:The PEPFAR logo
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4404:Red Flags Rule
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3914:2008 Iraq SOFA
3910:
3907:financial cost
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3896:
3893:2002 Iraq AUMF
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3791:Russia summits
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2620:YAA/Youthforce
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2615:World AIDS Day
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2069:External links
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2014:
2005:
2003:, Spring 2004.
1989:
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1955:
1943:
1918:
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1728:Press Releases
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1576:(14): 2145-9.
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853:(4): 314–316.
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773:www.pepfar.gov
760:
749:. May 27, 2020
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88:and his wife,
86:George W. Bush
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57:George W. Bush
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1234:
1222:. Pedaids.org
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1182:. Harvard.edu
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3775:Space policy
3767:
3537:Axis of evil
3429:Samuel Alito
3415:John Roberts
3222:
2971:Taiwan (ROC)
2961:Saudi Arabia
2811:South Africa
2644:
2630:Larry Kramer
2589:
2372:Epidemiology
2055:. Retrieved
2042:
2030:. Retrieved
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2008:
2000:
1992:
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1930:
1921:
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1876:. Retrieved
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1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:The Guardian
1836:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1784:
1775:
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1757:
1750:Liptak, Adam
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1727:
1714:
1703:the original
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1672:
1660:. Retrieved
1656:
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1631:the original
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1248:December 11,
1246:. Retrieved
1236:
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940:
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751:. Retrieved
746:
649:
640:
636:
627:
615:
611:PEPFAR Watch
607:
599:
593:
589:
585:loyalty oath
573:
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532:Funding data
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205:South Africa
162:
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126:
111:
101:
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41:
39:
29:
4146:Real ID Act
4118:No Fly List
4069:Patriot Act
3985:Amber alert
3738:South Korea
3267:(2001–2009)
3217:‹ The
3179:New Zealand
3051:El Salvador
2956:Philippines
2926:North Korea
2879:China (PRC)
2844:Afghanistan
2534:Product Red
2435:AIDS orphan
2291:Nephropathy
2226:vaccination
2057:December 7,
2028:. June 2011
1018:December 3,
951:October 31,
319:Peace Corps
225:Global Fund
155:year 2020.
4660:Categories
3287:Transition
2891:East Timor
2864:Bangladesh
2854:Azerbaijan
2776:Mozambique
2761:Madagascar
2494:Red ribbon
2336:Serostatus
2264:Conditions
2216:prevention
2206:management
2164:Lentivirus
1987:02.03.2010
1657:pepfar.gov
1013:pepfar.gov
769:"About Us"
727:References
624:Conditions
577:abstinence
568:See also:
405:counseling
348:Prevention
189:Mozambique
118:The Gambia
108:Alex Haley
4048:criticism
3879:2001 AUMF
3731:Singapore
3668:Australia
3174:Australia
3128:Argentina
3088:Caribbean
3066:Nicaragua
3056:Guatemala
2966:Sri Lanka
2901:Indonesia
2684:Locations
2625:"Free Me"
2351:Pregnancy
2346:Nutrition
2201:diagnosis
1936:April 11,
1244:. Crs.org
1133:1549-1676
1089:April 11,
869:0028-4793
778:March 26,
753:March 30,
559:Criticism
383:Treatment
368:ondoms);
4706:HIV/AIDS
3900:Iraq War
3689:Colombia
3513:Speeches
3308:Timeline
3274:Timeline
3219:template
3143:Colombia
3061:Honduras
2976:Thailand
2951:Pakistan
2936:Malaysia
2874:Cambodia
2826:Zimbabwe
2806:Tanzania
2731:Ethiopia
2726:Eswatini
2711:Botswana
2600:Solidays
2499:Safe sex
2440:Religion
2384:Timeline
2306:Pruritus
2243:Children
2221:research
2196:HIV/AIDS
2174:subtypes
2074:Official
2032:June 25,
1978:Archived
1911:July 17,
1878:July 17,
1811:NBC News
1765:June 25,
1734:July 18,
1662:June 14,
1611:June 11,
1590:20606571
1553:June 14,
1527:June 18,
1501:June 18,
1475:June 17,
1449:June 16,
1423:June 12,
1397:June 12,
1371:June 12,
1345:July 30,
1285:19858928
1203:Archived
1151:28792502
976:July 22,
877:29365298
826:July 29,
655:See also
426:COVID-19
360:bstain,
328:Programs
209:Tanzania
173:Ethiopia
165:Botswana
53:epidemic
50:HIV/AIDS
3703:Morocco
3675:Bahrain
3452:Cabinet
3445:Pardons
3364:2008–09
3221:below (
3167:Oceania
3158:Uruguay
3133:Bolivia
3101:Jamaica
3019:Ukraine
2991:Vietnam
2859:Bahrain
2849:Armenia
2801:Senegal
2791:Nigeria
2781:Namibia
2756:Lesotho
2543:Culture
2524:HIV.gov
2367:History
2360:History
1999:(PDF).
1843:July 1,
1817:July 1,
1791:July 1,
1320:9745247
1142:5549708
1065:May 25,
914:Pub. L.
800:July 2,
551:at the
441:Results
217:Vietnam
197:Nigeria
193:Namibia
80:History
68:at the
4528:policy
4041:report
3768:PEPFAR
3717:Panama
3531:(2001)
3523:(2001)
3148:Guyana
3138:Brazil
3046:Mexico
3041:Canada
3014:Russia
3001:Europe
2986:Turkey
2921:Jordan
2884:Yunnan
2869:Bhutan
2821:Zambia
2816:Uganda
2796:Rwanda
2766:Malawi
2741:Guinea
2701:Angola
2693:Africa
2640:ACT UP
2428:Social
2146:topics
1588:
1317:
1283:
1149:
1139:
1131:
1056:
920:
875:
867:
413:stigma
221:Zambia
219:, and
213:Uganda
201:Rwanda
177:Guyana
94:Africa
46:PEPFAR
18:PEPFAR
4268:award
3682:Chile
3096:Haiti
2946:Nepal
2916:Japan
2896:India
2786:Niger
2751:Kenya
2736:Ghana
2721:Egypt
2706:Benin
2051:(PDF)
2026:(PDF)
1898:(PDF)
1724:(PDF)
1706:(PDF)
1695:(PDF)
1009:(PDF)
925:(PDF)
185:Kenya
181:Haiti
113:Roots
90:Laura
3724:Peru
3710:Oman
3357:2007
3350:2006
3343:2005
3336:2004
3329:2003
3322:2002
3315:2001
3153:Peru
2931:Laos
2911:Iraq
2906:Iran
2836:Asia
2771:Mali
2674:Ayds
2231:PrEP
2144:AIDS
2059:2012
2034:2011
1938:2018
1913:2013
1880:2013
1845:2024
1819:2024
1793:2024
1767:2013
1736:2013
1664:2015
1639:2013
1613:2024
1586:PMID
1570:AIDS
1555:2024
1529:2024
1503:2024
1477:2024
1451:2024
1425:2024
1399:2024
1373:2024
1347:2024
1281:PMID
1250:2013
1228:2013
1188:2013
1147:PMID
1129:ISSN
1091:2018
1067:2022
1054:ISBN
1020:2016
978:2021
953:2014
902:(4).
873:PMID
865:ISSN
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802:2023
780:2019
755:2021
399:Care
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2152:HIV
2140:HIV
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