1421:. Tight junctions exist at the meeting point between two cells. Here, tight junctions fuse together to form an impermeable barrier to not only large molecules such as proteins, but also smaller molecules like water. This prevents foreign molecules from entering the cell and helps regulate the internal environment of the cell. Cells infected with certain types of epithelial cancer exhibit increased PKC-α activity. This is a result of a change in the shape of the cell membrane, particularly in the areas where tight junctions exists. With greater activity of PKC-α, the tight junctions lose their ability to form a tight barrier. This causes an increased leakiness of the tight junctions and thus movement of molecules into the cells. In
309:
286:
183:
208:
1341:. At warmer temperatures, phospholipids exist in a more fluid state as a result of increased intramolecular motion. The more fluid the cell membrane, the greater PKC-α's activity. At cooler temperatures, phospholipids are found in a solid state with constricted motion. As phospholipids become stationary, they assume a particular orientation within the membrane. Phospholipids that solidify at an irregular or angled orientation with respect to the membrane, can reduce PKC-α's activity.
2750:
315:
214:
1361:
1433:
4927:
1511:
peers; and brain scans of people with the genetic signature show stronger brain activation in parts of the prefrontal cortex compared with those who lacked the genetic feature. The team looked at the
Rwandan refugees who had survived the 1994 genocide and found that the risk of PTSD in the refugees with strong memory signature is twice of that in the refugees without the genetic signature.
1520:
1446:
sequence. In related studies further testing the effects of CDCA on hepatocytes, CDCA was shown to have induced PKC translocation to the plasma membrane. PKC alpha was favored in this process over PKC delta. The implications of this finding are that increased interaction between the glucagon receptor and PKC alpha could occur.
1548:
mass of red blood cells present in blood. Future research endeavors seek to find whether it is activation or inhibition of PKC-α which affects the development of erythrocytes. By answering this question, scientists hope to gain insight into various types of hematologic diseases such as aplastic anemia and leukemia.
1296:, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been reported to play roles in many different cellular processes, such as
1336:
regulation, the binding of a modulating molecule that effects a conformational change in the enzyme and thus a change in the enzyme's activity. The primary mode of PKC-α's regulation, however, involves its interaction with the cell membrane, not direct interaction with specific molecules. The cell
1315:
family. These enzymes are characterized by their ability to add a phosphate group to other proteins, thus changing their function. PKC-α has been widely studied in the tissues of many organisms including drosophila, xenopus, cow, dog, chicken, human, monkey, mouse, pig, and rabbit. Many studies
1547:
Another breakthrough branch of research concerning PKC-α concerns its role in erythrocyte (red blood cell) development. Currently, researchers understand that PKC-α is correlated with the differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow. These undifferentiated cells give rise to the
1543:
residues have shown to inhibit PKC-α's ability to activate phospholipase D. Current research is being conducted investigating PKC-α's inhibitory affects. Researchers hope to learn how to exploit PKC-α's ability to turn down phospholipase D's activity and use this function to create anti-cancer
1445:
Much of the research of PKC alpha pertaining to its role in liver tissue involves the effects of bile acids on the phosphorylation mechanism of the PKC family of proteins. Past research has affirmed that the bile acid CDCA inhibits the healthy glucagon response through a phosphorylation-related
2052:
de
Quervain DJ, Kolassa IT, Ackermann S, Aerni A, Boesiger P, Demougin P, Elbert T, Ertl V, Gschwind L, Hadziselimovic N, Hanser E, Heck A, Hieber P, Huynh KD, Klarhöfer M, Luechinger R, Rasch B, Scheffler K, Spalek K, Stippich C, Vogler C, Vukojevic V, Stetak A, Papassotiropoulos A (May 2012).
1510:
The scientists led by neuroscientist
Dominique de Quervain of the University of Basel in Switzerland used memory tests and DNA studies to conclude that people who carried a particular DNA signature in at least one copy of a gene that encodes protein kinase C alpha had stronger memory than their
1356:
domain. Membranes with long hydrophobic domains result in decreased activity because it is harder for PKC-α to insert into the membrane. At low concentrations, the hydrophobic domain is shorter allowing PKC-α to readily insert into the membrane and its activity increases.
50:
1291:
that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for
1915:
Le M, Krilov L, Meng J, Chapin-Kennedy K, Ceryak S, Bouscarel B (Aug 2006). "Bile acids stimulate PKCalpha autophosphorylation and activation: role in the attenuation of prostaglandin E1-induced cAMP production in human dermal fibroblasts".
1822:
Mullin JM, Laughlin KV, Ginanni N, Marano CW, Clarke HM, Peralta Soler A (2000). "Increased tight junction permeability can result from protein kinase C activation/translocation and act as a tumor promotional event in epithelial cancers".
2280:
Yazaki T, Ahmad S, Chahlavi A, Zylber-Katz E, Dean NM, Rabkin SD, Martuza RL, Glazer RI (Aug 1996). "Treatment of glioblastoma U-87 by systemic administration of an antisense protein kinase C-alpha phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide".
1501:
can regulate the expression of all PKC family proteins. In this particular study, however, only PKC alpha was affected. Again, overexpression caused decreased contractile performance, whereas inhibition saw increased performance.
2482:
Gauthier ML, Torretto C, Ly J, Francescutti V, O'Day DH (Aug 2003). "Protein kinase Calpha negatively regulates cell spreading and motility in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor".
1316:
are currently being conducted investigating the structure, function, and regulation of this enzyme. The most recent investigations concerning this enzyme include its general regulation, hepatic function, and cardiac function.
2790:
3075:
2166:
Myklebust JH, Smeland EB, Josefsen D, Sioud M (Jan 2000). "Protein kinase C-alpha isoform is involved in erythropoietin-induced erythroid differentiation of CD34(+) progenitor cells from human bone marrow".
1377:
techniques, researchers have demonstrated that the secondary structure of PKC alpha consists of around 44% beta sheets and nearly 22% alpha helices at 20 °C. Upon addition of calcium
2783:
2128:
Hu T, Exton JH (Aug 2005). "A point mutation at phenylalanine 663 abolishes protein kinase C alpha's ability to translocate to the perinuclear region and activate phospholipase D1".
1787:
Torrecillas A, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC (Mar 2004). "An infrared spectroscopic study of the secondary structure of protein kinase C alpha and its thermal denaturation".
2308:
Baltuch GH, Dooley NP, Rostworowski KM, Villemure JG, Yong VW (1995). "Protein kinase C isoform alpha overexpression in C6 glioma cells and its role in cell proliferation".
2776:
2749:
2983:
322:
221:
1429:
growth factors are able to enter the cell and increase the rate of cell growth. This is thought to be a promotional event that may prolong certain epithelial cancers.
1454:
PKC alpha is one of the lesser studied proteins of the PKC family because it is not highly regulated in the serious medical condition known as acute myocardial
1288:
3531:
4370:
2834:
4479:
3217:
3104:
1482:
response to increased cardiac pressure. On the contrary, research has shown that removing PKC alpha altogether improved the hearts ability to contract.
999:
144:
3492:
980:
4465:
3930:
2821:
2803:
4567:
4448:
1485:
In summary, research is pointing in the direction that PKC alpha's role in cardiac tissue has more impact as a regulator of contractility than of
1462:(heart muscle tissue). Recent research into the role of PKC alpha in cardiac tissue has indicated that it has an important role in stimulating
4154:
3023:
1708:
1489:. In another study, the binding peptides, RACK and others derived from PKC beta, were expressed in mouse hearts. The genetic code for these
4947:
4218:
3193:
2729:
1688:
1670:
1417:
tissue, the tissue that covers all external and internal surfaces of the body. Specifically, PKC-α is involved in altering the function of
4474:
2433:
Parsons M, Keppler MD, Kline A, Messent A, Humphries MJ, Gilchrist R, Hart IR, Quittau-Prevostel C, Hughes WE, Parker PJ, Ng T (Aug 2002).
2620:
O'Brian CA (1998). "Protein kinase C-alpha: a novel target for the therapy of androgen-independent prostate cancer? (Review-hypothesis)".
308:
3008:
2055:"PKCα is genetically linked to memory capacity in healthy subjects and to risk for posttraumatic stress disorder in genocide survivors"
1364:
Example of DAG Regulator, long carbon-hydrogen tails increase the hydrophobic domain of the cell membrane and decrease PKC-α's activity
1206:
4531:
4206:
1199:
2678:
Slater SJ, Ho C, Stubbs CD (Jun 2002). "The use of fluorescent phorbol esters in studies of protein kinase C-membrane interactions".
1531:. Phospholipase D is located on the plasma membrane and is responsible for hydrolyzing phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and
285:
4646:
3463:
3453:
3138:
2237:
Haughian JM, Bradford AP (Jul 2009). "Protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha) regulates growth and invasion of endometrial cancer cells".
4145:
1596:
4414:
4086:
3448:
3439:
1876:"Protein kinase C-alpha activity modulates transepithelial permeability and cell junctions in the LLC-PK1 epithelial cell line"
1657:
1636:
207:
182:
4802:
1653:
1392:
The structure of PKC alpha was better preserved during denaturation of the enzyme at 75 °C in the presence of calcium
47:
3829:
3326:
3317:
2974:
2920:
1344:
The composition of the cell membrane can also affect PKC-α's function. The presence of calcium ions, magnesium ions, and
4917:
1961:"Decreased glucagon responsiveness by bile acids: a role for protein kinase Calpha and glucagon receptor phosphorylation"
1632:
3017:
124:
1352:
domain of the membrane. Varying concentrations of these three components constitute a longer or shorter length of the
1577:
1556:
Increased activation of PKCα is associated with the growth and invasion of cancers. High levels of PKCα are linked to
321:
220:
2768:
1478:
overexpression of PKC alpha showed no effect on cardiac growth, and the inhibition of PKC alpha showed no effect on
4041:
3859:
3355:
4787:
2569:"Human OGG1 undergoes serine phosphorylation and associates with the nuclear matrix and mitotic chromatin in vivo"
314:
213:
4903:
4890:
4877:
4864:
4851:
4838:
4825:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3991:
3786:
3561:
3157:
2722:
2649:
Ali A, Hoeflich KP, Woodgett JR (Aug 2001). "Glycogen synthase kinase-3: properties, functions, and regulation".
4797:
4952:
4751:
4694:
4254:
4245:
4196:
2962:
2807:
1304:, and cell volume control. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase may be a fundamental regulator of
1044:
132:
2108:
1389:
normally associated with PKC alpha, such as PMA, ATP, and phospholipids had no effect on secondary structure.
1470:
to be stopped only as a result of the inhibition of PKC alpha in an experiment in situ. However, in further
4699:
4554:
3977:
1025:
1608:
4720:
4639:
3253:
1374:
1305:
1301:
196:
4792:
2435:"Site-directed perturbation of protein kinase C- integrin interaction blocks carcinoma cell chemotaxis"
2202:
Koivunen J, Aaltonen V, Peltonen J (Apr 2006). "Protein kinase C (PKC) family in cancer progression".
3820:
2715:
2520:"Interaction of fascin and protein kinase Calpha: a novel intersection in cell adhesion and motility"
2394:"Activation of Integrin-RACK1/PKCalpha signalling in human articular chondrocyte mechanotransduction"
2066:
1832:
1738:
111:
4756:
4328:
4957:
4689:
4431:
4385:
2333:
2262:
1941:
1856:
156:
1182:
1161:
1135:
1114:
915:
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
3691:
3400:
2695:
2666:
2637:
2598:
2549:
2500:
2464:
2415:
2374:
2325:
2290:
2254:
2219:
2184:
2145:
2094:
2034:
1982:
1933:
1897:
1874:
Rosson D, O'Brien TG, Kampherstein JA, Szallasi Z, Bogi K, Blumberg PM, Mullin JM (Jun 1997).
1848:
1804:
1764:
104:
40:
4735:
4730:
4704:
4632:
4284:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3429:
3420:
3350:
3341:
3287:
3278:
2935:
2687:
2658:
2629:
2588:
2580:
2539:
2531:
2492:
2454:
2446:
2405:
2364:
2317:
2246:
2211:
2176:
2137:
2084:
2074:
2024:
2016:
1972:
1925:
1887:
1840:
1796:
1754:
1746:
1284:
401:
332:
276:
231:
2353:"Protein kinase C [micro] is regulated by the multifunctional chaperon protein p32"
2351:
Storz P, Hausser A, Link G, Dedio J, Ghebrehiwet B, Pfizenmaier K, Johannes FJ (Aug 2000).
1539:
by altering cellular events such as invasion and migration. Point mutations at particular
152:
4782:
4766:
4679:
4110:
3181:
3176:
3171:
1528:
1426:
1418:
1345:
376:
1400:
composition only decreased by 13% with calcium ions present compared to 19% when absent.
2070:
1836:
1742:
4931:
4820:
4761:
2089:
2054:
2029:
2004:
1844:
1759:
1726:
1432:
1329:
1312:
1293:
2691:
2593:
2568:
2544:
2519:
2496:
2459:
2434:
1750:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
4941:
4725:
4684:
3234:
3166:
2450:
1540:
1536:
1338:
1297:
579:
2758:: C2 DOMAIN FROM PROTEIN KINASE C (ALPHA) COMPLEXED WITH CA2+ AND PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE
2337:
2266:
1945:
1860:
4674:
4105:
2930:
1725:
Micol V, Sánchez-Piñera P, Villalaín J, de Godos A, Gómez-Fernández JC (Feb 1999).
1479:
1360:
394:
173:
136:
2392:
Lee HS, Millward-Sadler SJ, Wright MO, Nuki G, Al-Jamal R, Salter DM (Nov 2002).
2215:
1727:"Correlation between protein kinase C alpha activity and membrane phase behavior"
160:
4898:
4833:
4669:
4311:
3943:
3883:
3766:
3686:
3410:
1959:
Ikegami T, Krilov L, Meng J, Patel B, Chapin-Kennedy K, Bouscarel B (Nov 2006).
1693:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1675:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1486:
1467:
1463:
1382:
1353:
1349:
4926:
2141:
2059:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
477:
4399:
2873:
1557:
1519:
1475:
1459:
1422:
1414:
1397:
1333:
293:
190:
140:
2584:
1929:
1892:
1875:
4872:
4846:
2180:
2079:
944:
537:
415:
360:
347:
259:
246:
148:
2699:
2670:
2602:
2553:
2535:
2504:
2468:
2419:
2410:
2393:
2378:
2369:
2352:
2258:
2223:
2188:
2149:
2098:
2038:
1986:
1937:
1852:
1808:
2641:
2329:
2294:
1901:
1768:
1246:
1241:
115:, AAG6, PKC-alpha, PKCA, PRKACA, protein kinase C alpha, PKCI+/-, PKCalpha
3716:
3611:
3606:
3601:
1977:
1960:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1455:
1413:
Another field of research has indicated that PKC-α plays a vital role in
1230:
1089:
1070:
4375:
4353:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4100:
4095:
3746:
3711:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2633:
2321:
1565:
1532:
1471:
1386:
1325:
1056:
1011:
2662:
2250:
1800:
81:
77:
73:
69:
4885:
4655:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4489:
4484:
4358:
4343:
4294:
4289:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4211:
4189:
4184:
4076:
4051:
3726:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3521:
3365:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3268:
3094:
3089:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3043:
3038:
3028:
2868:
2799:
2020:
1918:
American
Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
1705:
1561:
1497:
of the PKC family (alpha, beta, and gamma). As such, RACK and other
1266:
1214:
966:
830:
positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
4859:
4501:
4494:
4404:
4301:
4201:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4016:
3996:
3873:
3868:
3849:
3844:
3834:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3741:
3721:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3676:
3671:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3556:
3506:
3501:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3331:
3263:
3258:
3207:
3202:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3084:
3076:
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase
2878:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2005:"Protein kinase cascades in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy"
1602:
1584:
1518:
1431:
1359:
1535:. Research has indicated that phospholipase D may play roles in
929:
925:
4394:
4321:
4316:
4306:
4279:
4036:
3986:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3839:
3795:
3736:
3731:
3681:
3666:
3636:
3566:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3405:
3307:
3248:
3243:
3147:
3113:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2957:
2925:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2888:
1590:
1393:
1378:
1273:
128:
4628:
4552:
3928:
2819:
2772:
2711:
4363:
2898:
2883:
2707:
865:
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
1466:. This was demonstrated by the ability of agonist-mediated
1324:
PKC-α is unique in its mode of regulation compared to other
2518:
Anilkumar N, Parsons M, Monk R, Ng T, Adams JC (Oct 2003).
1311:
Protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) is a specific member of the
4624:
1348:(DAGs) are the most important because they influence the
1436:
PKC family of proteins and their role in tight junctions
384:
4915:
1560:
brain cancer. Moreover, a high proliferation rate of
765:
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
549:
880:
positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis
4811:
4775:
4744:
4713:
4662:
4566:
4464:
4447:
4430:
4413:
4384:
4244:
4144:
4085:
3976:
3942:
3882:
3858:
3819:
3785:
3491:
3462:
3438:
3419:
3340:
3316:
3277:
3233:
3216:
3192:
3156:
3137:
3103:
3074:
3007:
2973:
2833:
2567:Dantzer F, Luna L, Bjørås M, Seeberg E (Jun 2002).
2485:
2130:
1458:, which results from a lack of blood supply to the
1175:
1154:
1128:
1107:
790:
negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
520:
dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell
1649:
1647:
1645:
1628:
1626:
1624:
820:positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
815:positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
795:positive regulation of macrophage differentiation
750:negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
331:
230:
2161:
2159:
1998:
1996:
1564:tumor cells is the result of overexpression of
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1782:
1780:
1778:
1654:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000050965
1289:serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases
4640:
2835:Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases
2784:
2723:
1720:
1718:
1716:
8:
870:positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
1633:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000154229
653:calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity
4647:
4633:
4625:
4563:
4549:
3939:
3925:
3218:Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase
2830:
2816:
2791:
2777:
2769:
2730:
2716:
2708:
2109:"Gene study links stronger memories, PTSD"
1825:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
940:
575:
372:
271:
168:
58:
3931:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
3105:(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase
2822:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
2804:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
2592:
2543:
2458:
2409:
2368:
2088:
2078:
2028:
1976:
1891:
1758:
800:positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
4466:Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase
805:activation of adenylate cyclase activity
643:histone kinase activity (H3-T6 specific)
628:protein serine/threonine kinase activity
4922:
4449:Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase
2745:
1620:
1396:than in their absence. In one study,
910:positive regulation of bone resorption
729:alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex
18:
3194:Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase
2009:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
1328:within this family. In general, the
785:positive regulation of cell migration
336:
297:
292:
235:
194:
189:
7:
4475:Bone morphogenetic protein receptors
1527:PKC-α shows important regulation of
1523:Typical Reaction Scheme of PKC alpha
890:positive regulation of cell adhesion
840:mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly
516:vestibular membrane of cochlear duct
3009:Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase
2357:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1880:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
810:positive regulation of angiogenesis
438:dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
3464:G-protein coupled receptor kinases
1845:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05246.x
1269:that in humans is encoded by the
1172:
1151:
1125:
1104:
1080:
1061:
1035:
1016:
990:
971:
905:peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
885:regulation of platelet aggregation
554:
472:
410:
389:
14:
3454:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2
3139:(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase
1385:to 48% was observed. Additional
755:intracellular signal transduction
4925:
4146:Mitogen-activated protein kinase
2748:
2451:10.1128/MCB.22.16.5897-5911.2002
320:
313:
307:
284:
219:
212:
206:
181:
4532:Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor
4415:(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase
4087:(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase
3449:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase
3440:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase
2680:Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
855:peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
775:regulation of insulin secretion
714:perinuclear region of cytoplasm
4155:Extracellular signal-regulated
2439:Molecular and Cellular Biology
2239:Journal of Cellular Physiology
538:More reference expression data
524:Region I of hippocampus proper
426:Region I of hippocampus proper
1:
4219:P38 mitogen-activated protein
3318:cGMP-dependent protein kinase
3279:cAMP-dependent protein kinase
2975:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
2921:Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
2692:10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00021-X
2497:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01273-7
2003:Dorn GW, Force T (Mar 2005).
1751:10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77255-3
1308:and Ca handling in myocytes.
305:
204:
4948:Genes on human chromosome 17
3018:AMP-activated protein kinase
2398:Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
2216:10.1016/j.canlet.2005.03.033
1576:PKC alpha has been shown to
1493:are similar to those of all
770:regulation of mRNA stability
3933:(EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)
875:apoptotic signaling pathway
4974:
3860:Elongation factor 2 kinase
2824:(EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)
2142:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.184
2107:Sanders L (May 14, 2012).
1207:Chr 11: 107.82 – 108.23 Mb
4803:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
4562:
4548:
4255:MAP kinase kinase kinases
3938:
3924:
3787:Myosin light-chain kinase
3493:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent
3158:Myosin-heavy-chain kinase
2829:
2815:
2743:
2310:Journal of Neuro-Oncology
1689:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1671:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1474:research using mice, the
1245:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1213:
1194:
1179:
1158:
1147:
1132:
1111:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1042:
1038:
1023:
1019:
1010:
997:
993:
978:
974:
965:
950:
943:
939:
923:
760:response to interleukin-1
608:protein kinase C activity
578:
574:
562:
557:
548:
535:
484:
475:
422:
413:
383:
375:
371:
354:
341:
304:
283:
274:
270:
253:
240:
203:
180:
171:
167:
122:
119:
109:
102:
97:
66:
61:
44:
39:
34:
30:
26:
21:
4695:Diffusion-limited enzyme
4555:Dual-specificity kinases
1930:10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2005
1893:10.1074/jbc.272.23.14950
500:anterior amygdaloid area
462:inferior olivary nucleus
430:external globus pallidus
3978:Cyclin-dependent kinase
2181:10.1182/blood.V95.2.510
2080:10.1073/pnas.1200857109
1381:, a slight increase in
1332:family is regulated by
1300:, cell transformation,
1200:Chr 17: 66.3 – 66.81 Mb
900:ERBB2 signaling pathway
835:protein phosphorylation
684:mitochondrial membranes
598:protein kinase activity
2585:10.1093/nar/30.11.2349
2573:Nucleic Acids Research
2411:10.1053/joca.2002.0842
2370:10.1074/jbc.M002964200
2283:Molecular Pharmacology
1524:
1437:
1365:
1259:Protein kinase C alpha
512:ventral tegmental area
496:lateral septal nucleus
492:neural layer of retina
4788:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
4721:Allosteric regulation
1522:
1435:
1375:infrared spectroscopy
1363:
1337:membrane consists of
1306:cardiac contractility
1302:cell cycle checkpoint
1287:(PKC) is a family of
719:extracellular exosome
704:endoplasmic reticulum
338:11 E1|11 70.8 cM
299:Chromosome 11 (mouse)
197:Chromosome 17 (human)
4798:Lineweaver–Burk plot
3821:Phosphorylase kinase
2536:10.1093/emboj/cdg521
1978:10.1210/en.2006-0516
593:transferase activity
62:List of PDB id codes
35:Available structures
2071:2012PNAS..109.8746D
1837:2000NYASA.915..231M
1743:1999BpJ....76..916M
1731:Biophysical Journal
1369:Secondary structure
825:platelet activation
434:trigeminal ganglion
4757:Enzyme superfamily
4690:Enzyme promiscuity
4432:Tropomyosin kinase
4386:Tau-protein kinase
2634:10.3892/or.5.2.305
2322:10.1007/BF01052840
1525:
1438:
1366:
1045:ENSMUSG00000050965
845:desmosome assembly
738:Biological process
667:Cellular component
603:nucleotide binding
586:Molecular function
4913:
4912:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3401:Protein kinase N1
3356:Protein kinase Cζ
2766:
2765:
2663:10.1021/cr000110o
2251:10.1002/jcp.21741
1801:10.1021/bi035128i
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1225:
1224:
1190:
1189:
1169:
1168:
1143:
1142:
1122:
1121:
1096:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1031:
1006:
1005:
987:
986:
935:
934:
745:apoptotic process
618:metal ion binding
570:
569:
566:
565:
544:
543:
531:
530:
469:
468:
450:postcentral gyrus
446:entorhinal cortex
367:
366:
266:
265:
161:PRKCA - orthologs
93:
92:
89:
88:
45:Ortholog search:
4965:
4930:
4929:
4921:
4793:Hanes–Woolf plot
4736:Enzyme activator
4731:Enzyme inhibitor
4705:Enzyme catalysis
4649:
4642:
4635:
4626:
4564:
4550:
4197:C-Jun N-terminal
3940:
3926:
3430:Rhodopsin kinase
3421:Rhodopsin kinase
3351:Protein kinase C
3342:Protein kinase C
3327:Protein kinase G
3288:Protein kinase A
2899:Protein kinase B
2831:
2817:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2770:
2752:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2703:
2674:
2651:Chemical Reviews
2645:
2622:Oncology Reports
2607:
2606:
2596:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2530:(20): 5390–402.
2524:The EMBO Journal
2515:
2509:
2508:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2445:(16): 5897–911.
2430:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2105:Lay summary in:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2021:10.1172/JCI24178
2000:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1971:(11): 5294–302.
1956:
1950:
1949:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1784:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1722:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1651:
1640:
1630:
1285:Protein kinase C
1238:
1237:
1209:
1202:
1185:
1173:
1164:
1152:
1148:RefSeq (protein)
1138:
1126:
1117:
1105:
1081:
1062:
1036:
1017:
991:
972:
941:
658:integrin binding
613:zinc ion binding
576:
555:
540:
488:substantia nigra
480:
478:Top expressed in
473:
454:Brodmann area 23
418:
416:Top expressed in
411:
390:
373:
363:
350:
339:
324:
317:
311:
300:
288:
272:
262:
249:
238:
223:
216:
210:
199:
185:
169:
163:
114:
107:
84:
59:
53:
32:
31:
19:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4953:Protein kinases
4938:
4937:
4936:
4924:
4916:
4914:
4909:
4821:Oxidoreductases
4807:
4783:Enzyme kinetics
4771:
4767:List of enzymes
4740:
4709:
4680:Catalytic triad
4658:
4653:
4623:
4610:
4558:
4536:
4460:
4443:
4426:
4409:
4380:
4240:
4140:
4111:P70-S6 Kinase 1
4081:
3972:
3934:
3912:
3878:
3854:
3815:
3781:
3487:
3458:
3434:
3415:
3336:
3312:
3273:
3229:
3212:
3188:
3182:Aurora C kinase
3177:Aurora B kinase
3172:Aurora A kinase
3152:
3133:
3099:
3070:
3003:
2969:
2825:
2811:
2797:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2739:
2736:
2706:
2677:
2648:
2619:
2615:
2613:Further reading
2610:
2579:(11): 2349–57.
2566:
2565:
2561:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2363:(32): 24601–7.
2350:
2349:
2345:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2106:
2065:(22): 8746–51.
2051:
2050:
2046:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1886:(23): 14950–3.
1873:
1872:
1868:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1786:
1785:
1776:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1643:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1574:
1554:
1529:phospholipase D
1517:
1508:
1506:Memory and PTSD
1452:
1443:
1419:tight junctions
1411:
1406:
1371:
1346:diacylglycerols
1322:
1282:
1247:View/Edit Mouse
1242:View/Edit Human
1205:
1198:
1195:Location (UCSC)
1181:
1160:
1134:
1113:
1026:ENSG00000154229
919:
780:phosphorylation
733:
694:plasma membrane
662:
633:protein binding
623:kinase activity
536:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
476:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
442:pars reticulata
440:
436:
432:
428:
414:
358:
345:
337:
327:
326:
325:
318:
298:
275:Gene location (
257:
244:
236:
226:
225:
224:
217:
195:
172:Gene location (
123:
110:
103:
68:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4971:
4969:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4894:
4881:
4868:
4855:
4842:
4829:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4745:Classification
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4471:
4469:
4468:(EC 2.7.11.30)
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:(EC 2.7.11.29)
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4435:
4434:(EC 2.7.11.28)
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4418:
4417:(EC 2.7.11.27)
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4388:(EC 2.7.11.26)
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4251:
4249:
4248:(EC 2.7.11.25)
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4151:
4149:
4148:(EC 2.7.11.24)
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4089:(EC 2.7.11.23)
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3980:(EC 2.7.11.22)
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3946:(EC 2.7.11.21)
3936:
3935:
3929:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3886:(EC 2.7.11.21)
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3862:(EC 2.7.11.20)
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3823:(EC 2.7.11.19)
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3789:(EC 2.7.11.18)
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3495:(EC 2.7.11.17)
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3466:(EC 2.7.11.16)
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3442:(EC 2.7.11.15)
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3423:(EC 2.7.11.14)
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3344:(EC 2.7.11.13)
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3320:(EC 2.7.11.12)
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3281:(EC 2.7.11.11)
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3237:(EC 2.7.11.10)
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3163:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3014:
3012:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2705:
2704:
2686:(1–2): 75–91.
2675:
2657:(8): 2527–40.
2646:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2559:
2510:
2474:
2425:
2384:
2343:
2300:
2272:
2229:
2204:Cancer Letters
2194:
2155:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2044:
1992:
1951:
1924:(2): G275-87.
1907:
1866:
1814:
1795:(8): 2332–44.
1774:
1712:
1698:
1680:
1662:
1641:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1573:
1570:
1553:
1550:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1370:
1367:
1330:protein kinase
1321:
1318:
1313:protein kinase
1294:phorbol esters
1281:
1278:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
995:
994:
988:
985:
984:
976:
975:
969:
963:
962:
957:
952:
948:
947:
937:
936:
933:
932:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
739:
735:
734:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
670:
668:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
638:enzyme binding
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
587:
583:
582:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
552:
546:
545:
542:
541:
533:
532:
529:
528:
526:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
481:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
419:
407:
406:
398:
387:
381:
380:
377:RNA expression
369:
368:
365:
364:
356:
352:
351:
343:
340:
335:
329:
328:
319:
312:
306:
302:
301:
296:
290:
289:
281:
280:
268:
267:
264:
263:
255:
251:
250:
242:
239:
234:
228:
227:
218:
211:
205:
201:
200:
193:
187:
186:
178:
177:
165:
164:
121:
117:
116:
108:
100:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
64:
63:
55:
54:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4970:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4762:Enzyme family
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4726:Cooperativity
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Oxyanion hole
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4645:
4643:
4638:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:(EC 2.7.11.9)
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:(EC 2.7.11.8)
3195:
3191:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:Aurora kinase
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:(EC 2.7.11.7)
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:(EC 2.7.11.6)
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:(EC 2.7.11.5)
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:(EC 2.7.11.4)
3077:
3073:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:(EC 2.7.11.3)
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:(EC 2.7.11.2)
2976:
2972:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:EIF-2 kinases
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:(EC 2.7.11.1)
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2757:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:(4): 839–46.
2490:
2486:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2404:(11): 890–7.
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2316:(3): 241–50.
2315:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2289:(2): 236–42.
2288:
2284:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:(3): 527–37.
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:Endocrinology
1962:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:(2): 916–27.
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1541:phenylalanine
1538:
1537:tumorigenesis
1534:
1530:
1521:
1515:Cell membrane
1514:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1339:phospholipids
1335:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:cell adhesion
1295:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:RefSeq (mRNA)
1099:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
989:
983:
982:
977:
973:
970:
968:
964:
961:
958:
956:
953:
949:
946:
942:
938:
931:
927:
922:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:axon guidance
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
850:cell adhesion
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
737:
736:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:mitochondrion
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
669:
666:
665:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:Gene ontology
577:
573:
561:
556:
553:
551:
547:
539:
534:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
483:
479:
474:
471:
461:
458:Pars compacta
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
412:
409:
408:
405:
403:
399:
397:
396:
392:
391:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
362:
357:
353:
349:
344:
334:
330:
323:
316:
310:
303:
295:
291:
287:
282:
278:
273:
269:
261:
256:
252:
248:
243:
233:
229:
222:
215:
209:
202:
198:
192:
188:
184:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
118:
113:
106:
101:
96:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
65:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
4899:Translocases
4896:
4883:
4870:
4857:
4844:
4834:Transferases
4831:
4818:
4675:Binding site
4106:P70S6 kinase
3360:
2755:
2683:
2679:
2654:
2650:
2628:(2): 305–9.
2625:
2621:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2245:(1): 112–8.
2242:
2238:
2232:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2175:(2): 510–8.
2172:
2168:
2136:(3): 750–3.
2133:
2129:
2123:
2112:
2062:
2058:
2047:
2012:
2008:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1831:(1): 231–6.
1828:
1824:
1817:
1792:
1789:Biochemistry
1788:
1734:
1730:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1575:
1572:Interactions
1555:
1546:
1526:
1509:
1484:
1480:hypertrophic
1453:
1444:
1412:
1391:
1372:
1343:
1323:
1310:
1283:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1180:
1159:
1133:
1112:
1088:
1069:
1043:
1024:
998:
979:
959:
954:
860:angiogenesis
400:
393:
359:108,234,754
346:107,824,213
120:External IDs
67:
4670:Active site
4557:(EC 2.7.12)
3944:Polo kinase
3884:Polo kinase
2738:PDB gallery
2210:(1): 1–10.
2113:ScienceNews
1487:hypertrophy
1468:hypertrophy
1464:hypertrophy
1383:beta sheets
1354:hydrophobic
1350:hydrophobic
699:nucleoplasm
648:ATP binding
504:Paneth cell
258:66,810,743
245:66,302,613
98:Identifiers
4942:Categories
4873:Isomerases
4847:Hydrolases
4714:Regulation
3235:IκB kinase
2810:2.7.11-12)
1706:EntrezGene
1660:, May 2017
1639:, May 2017
1616:References
1476:transgenic
1460:myocardium
1423:intestinal
1415:epithelial
1409:Epithelium
1398:beta sheet
1334:allosteric
1320:Regulation
404:(ortholog)
141:HomoloGene
4958:EC 2.7.11
4752:EC number
3361:PKC alpha
1558:malignant
1552:Pathology
1183:NP_035231
1162:NP_002728
1136:NM_011101
1115:NM_002737
945:Orthologs
674:cytoplasm
508:subiculum
149:GeneCards
4776:Kinetics
4700:Cofactor
4663:Activity
3717:KIAA0999
3612:MAPKAPK5
3607:MAPKAPK3
3602:MAPKAPK2
2700:12093536
2671:11749387
2603:12034821
2554:14532112
2505:12878187
2469:12138200
2420:12435334
2379:10831594
2338:25881302
2267:32750612
2259:19235902
2224:15907369
2189:10627456
2150:15963950
2099:22586106
2039:15765134
1987:16916948
1946:43550364
1938:16710050
1861:20138782
1853:11193580
1809:14979730
1656:–
1635:–
1578:interact
1499:proteins
1495:isoforms
1491:proteins
1456:ischemia
1280:Function
1265:) is an
1231:Wikidata
924:Sources:
689:membrane
4932:Biology
4886:Ligases
4656:Enzymes
4376:MAP3K14
4354:MAP3K11
4349:MAP3K10
4339:MAP3K13
4334:MAP3K12
4136:RPS6KC1
4131:RPS6KA1
4126:RPS6KA3
4121:RPS6KA2
4116:RPS6KB2
4101:RPS6KA4
4096:RPS6KA5
3747:Kalirin
3712:SNF1LK2
2951:EIF2AK4
2946:EIF2AK3
2800:Kinases
2642:9468546
2330:7595754
2295:8700129
2090:3365172
2067:Bibcode
2030:1052008
1902:9169467
1833:Bibcode
1769:9929493
1760:1300093
1739:Bibcode
1658:Ensembl
1637:Ensembl
1566:isozyme
1544:drugs.
1533:choline
1472:in vivo
1427:luminal
1425:areas,
1387:ligands
1326:kinases
1057:UniProt
1012:Ensembl
951:Species
930:QuickGO
724:nucleus
679:cytosol
379:pattern
237:17q24.2
105:Aliases
4918:Portal
4860:Lyases
4606:MAP2K7
4601:MAP2K6
4596:MAP2K5
4591:MAP2K4
4586:MAP2K3
4581:MAP2K2
4576:MAP2K1
4527:ACVRL1
4522:ACVR2B
4517:ACVR2A
4512:ACVR1C
4507:ACVR1B
4490:BMPR1B
4485:BMPR1A
4359:MAP3K7
4344:MAP3K9
4295:MAP3K8
4290:MAP3K7
4285:MAP3K6
4280:MAP3K5
4275:MAP3K4
4270:MAP3K3
4265:MAP3K2
4260:MAP3K1
4234:MAPK14
4229:MAPK13
4224:MAPK11
4212:MAPK10
4190:MAPK15
4185:MAPK12
4077:CDC2L1
4052:CDC2L5
3727:SNF1LK
3552:CAMK2G
3547:CAMK2D
3542:CAMK2B
3537:CAMK2A
3527:CAMK1G
3522:CAMK1D
3517:CAMK1B
3512:CAMK1A
3366:PRKCB1
3303:PRKACA
3298:PRKACB
3293:PRKACG
3269:IKBKAP
3095:BCKDHB
3090:BCKDHA
3064:PRKAG3
3059:PRKAG2
3054:PRKAG1
3044:PRKAB2
3039:PRKAB1
3029:PRKAA2
3024:PRKAA1
2869:STK38L
2698:
2669:
2640:
2601:
2594:117190
2591:
2552:
2545:213775
2542:
2503:
2467:
2460:133968
2457:
2418:
2377:
2336:
2328:
2293:
2265:
2257:
2222:
2187:
2148:
2097:
2087:
2037:
2027:
1985:
1944:
1936:
1900:
1859:
1851:
1807:
1767:
1757:
1580:with:
1568:PKCα.
1562:glioma
1373:Using
1267:enzyme
1217:search
1215:PubMed
1090:P20444
1071:P17252
967:Entrez
550:BioGPS
129:176960
4812:Types
4568:MAP2K
4502:ACVR1
4495:BMPR2
4480:BMPR1
4405:GSK-3
4246:MAP3K
4207:MAPK9
4202:MAPK8
4180:MAPK7
4175:MAPK6
4170:MAPK4
4165:MAPK3
4160:MAPK1
4072:PFTK1
4067:PCTK3
4062:PCTK2
4057:PCTK1
4047:CDK12
4042:CDK10
4017:CDKL5
3997:CDKL2
3874:STK19
3869:EEF2K
3850:PHKG2
3845:PHKG1
3835:PHKA2
3830:PHKA1
3811:MYLK4
3806:MYLK3
3801:MYLK2
3777:DCLK1
3772:Titin
3762:TRIB3
3757:TRIB2
3752:TRIB1
3742:TSSK2
3722:STK40
3707:PSKH1
3702:PRKD3
3697:PRKD2
3677:PHKG2
3672:PHKG1
3662:OBSCN
3657:NUAK2
3652:NUAK1
3647:MKNK2
3642:MKNK1
3632:MARK4
3627:MARK3
3622:MARK2
3617:MARK1
3597:STK11
3592:DAPK3
3587:DAPK2
3582:DAPK1
3577:CHEK2
3572:CHEK1
3557:CAMK4
3532:CAMK2
3507:CAMK1
3502:BRSK2
3396:PRKCQ
3391:PRKCI
3386:PRKCG
3381:PRKCH
3376:PRKCE
3371:PRKCD
3332:PRKG1
3264:IKBKG
3259:IKBKE
3208:STK10
3203:FASTK
3129:IDH3G
3124:IDH3B
3119:IDH3A
3085:BCKDK
2879:ROCK1
2864:STK38
2859:MAST2
2854:MAST1
2849:LATS2
2844:LATS1
2334:S2CID
2263:S2CID
2169:Blood
1942:S2CID
1857:S2CID
1605:, and
1603:FSCN1
1585:C1QBP
1450:Heart
1441:Liver
1271:PRKCA
1000:18750
960:Mouse
955:Human
926:Amigo
402:Mouse
395:Human
342:Start
277:Mouse
241:Start
174:Human
153:PRKCA
145:55679
137:97595
112:PRKCA
22:PRKCA
4904:list
4897:EC7
4891:list
4884:EC6
4878:list
4871:EC5
4865:list
4858:EC4
4852:list
4845:EC3
4839:list
4832:EC2
4826:list
4819:EC1
4395:TPK1
4371:CDC7
4329:MLKs
4322:KSR2
4317:KSR1
4312:BRAF
4307:ARAF
4302:RAFs
4037:CDK9
4032:CDK8
4027:CDK7
4022:CDK6
4012:CDK5
4007:CDK4
4002:CDK3
3992:CDK2
3987:CDK1
3968:PLK4
3963:PLK3
3958:PLK2
3953:PLK1
3908:PLK4
3903:PLK3
3898:PLK2
3893:PLK1
3840:PHKB
3796:MYLK
3767:TRIO
3737:SPEG
3732:SNRK
3692:PKD1
3687:PIM2
3682:PIM1
3667:PASK
3637:MELK
3567:CASK
3562:MLCK
3483:GRK6
3478:GRK5
3473:GRK4
3411:PKN3
3406:PKN2
3308:PRKY
3254:TBK1
3249:IKK2
3244:CHUK
3148:STK4
3114:IDH2
2999:PDK4
2994:PDK3
2989:PDK2
2984:PDK1
2963:WEE1
2958:Wee1
2926:mTOR
2914:AKT3
2909:AKT2
2904:AKT1
2894:SGK3
2889:SGK2
2756:1dsy
2696:PMID
2667:PMID
2638:PMID
2599:PMID
2550:PMID
2501:PMID
2465:PMID
2416:PMID
2375:PMID
2326:PMID
2291:PMID
2255:PMID
2220:PMID
2185:PMID
2146:PMID
2095:PMID
2035:PMID
1983:PMID
1934:PMID
1898:PMID
1849:PMID
1805:PMID
1765:PMID
1709:5578
1609:OGG1
1597:EGFR
1591:CD29
1404:Role
1394:ions
1379:ions
1274:gene
1263:PKCα
981:5578
385:Bgee
333:Band
294:Chr.
232:Band
191:Chr.
125:OMIM
82:4RA4
78:4DNL
74:3IW4
70:2ELI
51:RCSB
48:PDBe
4400:TTK
4364:ZAK
2941:HRI
2936:PKR
2884:SGK
2874:CIT
2688:doi
2684:116
2659:doi
2655:101
2630:doi
2589:PMC
2581:doi
2540:PMC
2532:doi
2493:doi
2489:307
2455:PMC
2447:doi
2406:doi
2365:doi
2361:275
2318:doi
2247:doi
2243:220
2212:doi
2208:235
2177:doi
2138:doi
2134:333
2085:PMC
2075:doi
2063:109
2025:PMC
2017:doi
2013:115
1973:doi
1969:147
1926:doi
1922:291
1888:doi
1884:272
1841:doi
1829:915
1797:doi
1755:PMC
1747:doi
558:n/a
355:End
254:End
157:OMA
133:MGI
41:PDB
4944::
3050:γ
3035:β
3020:α
2808:EC
2802::
2694:.
2682:.
2665:.
2653:.
2636:.
2624:.
2597:.
2587:.
2577:30
2575:.
2571:.
2548:.
2538:.
2528:22
2526:.
2522:.
2499:.
2487:.
2463:.
2453:.
2443:22
2441:.
2437:.
2414:.
2402:10
2400:.
2396:.
2373:.
2359:.
2355:.
2332:.
2324:.
2314:24
2312:.
2287:50
2285:.
2261:.
2253:.
2241:.
2218:.
2206:.
2183:.
2173:95
2171:.
2158:^
2144:.
2132:.
2111:.
2093:.
2083:.
2073:.
2061:.
2057:.
2033:.
2023:.
2011:.
2007:.
1995:^
1981:.
1967:.
1963:.
1940:.
1932:.
1920:.
1896:.
1882:.
1878:.
1855:.
1847:.
1839:.
1827:.
1803:.
1793:43
1791:.
1777:^
1763:.
1753:.
1745:.
1735:76
1733:.
1729:.
1715:^
1691:.
1673:.
1644:^
1623:^
1276:.
928:/
361:bp
348:bp
260:bp
247:bp
155:;
151::
147:;
143::
139:;
135::
131:;
127::
80:,
76:,
72:,
4920::
4906:)
4902:(
4893:)
4889:(
4880:)
4876:(
4867:)
4863:(
4854:)
4850:(
4841:)
4837:(
4828:)
4824:(
4648:e
4641:t
4634:v
4457:-
4440:-
4423:-
3226:-
2806:(
2792:e
2785:t
2778:v
2731:e
2724:t
2717:v
2702:.
2690::
2673:.
2661::
2644:.
2632::
2626:5
2605:.
2583::
2556:.
2534::
2507:.
2495::
2471:.
2449::
2422:.
2408::
2381:.
2367::
2340:.
2320::
2297:.
2269:.
2249::
2226:.
2214::
2191:.
2179::
2152:.
2140::
2115:.
2101:.
2077::
2069::
2041:.
2019::
1989:.
1975::
1948:.
1928::
1904:.
1890::
1863:.
1843::
1835::
1811:.
1799::
1771:.
1749::
1741::
1695:.
1677:.
1611:.
1599:,
1593:,
1587:,
1261:(
279:)
176:)
159::
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