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Fast bowling

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713:. For conventional swing bowling, the raised seam and the direction it points governs the direction of swing. Due to the angled seam of the ball, air flowing over the seam produces turbulence on the side that the seam is angled toward. This causes the boundary layer to separate from the surface of the ball later (farther toward the rear of the ball) than the other side where it separates earlier (farther forward on the surface). The resulting net force acts so as to move or swing the ball in the direction of the angled seam. Conventional swing bowling is delivered with the seam angled such that the smooth or polished side of the ball faces forward to move the ball in the direction of the seam 1377: 1351: 1325: 1299: 1071: 891: 914: 1048: 937: 1172: 1126: 1149: 1025: 1273: 1002: 979: 769:
separating later is similar to the effect produced by dimples in a golf ball. In case of the golf ball, turbulence is produced on both sides of the ball and the net effect is a later separation of the boundary layer on both sides and smaller wake in the back of the ball and a lower net drag due to pressure differential between the front and the back – this enables the golf ball to travel farther.
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those swinging conventionally, both factors increasing the difficulty the batter has in trying to hit the ball. At speeds of over 90 mph a ball always exhibits reverse swing, but as roughness increases on the leading side, the speed at which reverse swing occurs decreases. This means that an older ball is more likely to be delivered with reverse swing as its surface is roughened through use.
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ball gets older, the wear makes swing more difficult to achieve, but this can be countered if the fielding team systematically polishes one side of the ball while allowing the other to become rough. When the ball has been polished highly on one side and not on the other and if the ball is bowled very fast (over 85 miles per hour (140 km/h)), it produces a
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Bowlers usually use the same grip and technique on swing balls as fast balls, though they usually keep the seam slightly rather than straight, and may use the slower ball grip. It is difficult to achieve swing with a cutter grip since the ball spins in flight, varying the orientation of the shiny and
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A swinging ball is classed as either an outswinger, which moves away from the batter, or an inswinger, which moves in toward the batter. In most cases the outswinger is seen as the more dangerous ball because, if the batter fails to recognise it, it catches the outside edge of the bat instead of the
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Swing bowlers cause the ball to move laterally through the air, rather than off the pitch like seam bowlers. Normal or conventional swing bowling is encouraged by the raised seam of the ball, and conventional swing is usually greatest when the ball is new and therefore has a pronounced seam. As the
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Strike bowling is the term usually applied to bowlers who are used primarily to take wickets rather than restrict runs. Typically, strike bowlers work in short spells, either at the start of an innings or to confront new batters, although they are also employed tactically at other times. For fast
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A widespread method of classification is based on average ball release speed. However, there is no universally accepted set of definitions and the categorization of bowlers according to speed may take into account competition level and gender. Terms used in different classifications include "slow
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is a phenomenon that makes the ball swing in the opposite direction to that usually produced by the orientation of the shiny and rough sides of the ball. When the ball is reverse swinging, the ball swings towards the shiny side. Balls that reverse swing move much later and much more sharply than
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or intercostal strains and muscular strains of the calves, hamstrings or spinal erectors. Popular media and commentators are often critical of the number of injuries suffered by fast bowlers. However, as of 2019, injury rates are at their lowest in decades, in many parts thanks to advances in
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the seam is angled in the same way as in conventional swing (10–20 degrees to one side) but the boundary layer on both sides is turbulent. The net effect of the seam and rough side is that the ball swings in the direction opposite to where the seam is pointing to. The turbulent boundary layer
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to reflect the predominant characteristic of their deliveries. Strictly speaking, a pure swing bowler does not need to have a high degree of pace, though dedicated medium-pace swing bowlers are rarely seen at Test level in modern times. There are different categories in fast bowling known in
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Swing bowling can also be roughly categorised as early swing or late swing, corresponding to when in the trajectory the ball changes direction. The later the ball swings, the less chance the batter has of adjusting to account for the swing.
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rough surfaces as it moves through the air. Many players, commentators on the game, and fans agree that swing is easier to achieve in humid or overcast conditions, and also that the red ball used in
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Fast bowlers typically experience the highest incidence of injury of all player roles in cricket. The largest time-loss injuries are typically associated with overuse at the site of the
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as this can result in the ball either breaking the wicket (by going clean "through the gate" or getting an inside edge) or hitting the pad rather than the bat (resulting in a possible
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bowlers, results can be achieved through sheer speed and aggression, rather than by trying to make the ball move through the air (
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such that the ball swings in the opposite direction as in conventional swing. Contrary to popular opinion, this
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is a good example of delivery that, even when bowled relatively slowly, can nevertheless be highly effective.
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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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Swing is produced due to a net force acting on the ball from one side; that is, the side with the more
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is not produced by air flowing faster over the smooth or "shiny" side as compared to the rough side.
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techniques, although the term "seamer" is also commonly used to refer to pace bowlers in general.
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On average, female fast bowlers produce slower ball release speeds than male fast bowlers:
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international cricket such as fast bowling, medium fast bowling, medium bowling, etc.
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Pace bowlers may be classified based on quantitative or qualitative attributes.
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The discovery of reverse swing is credited to Pakistan's cricketers, with
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physical conditioning, sport science, and load management interventions.
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Felton, P. J.; Lister, S. L.; Worthington, P. J.; King, M. A. (2019).
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and Farrukh Ahmed Khan, both named as originators of the delivery.
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Ferdinands, Rene; Marshall, Robert N.; Kersting, Uwe (2010).
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NB: The above figures all exclude matches in progress
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medium", "medium", "fast medium", "fast" and "express".
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Bowlers may be categorised according to their use of
403:. Practitioners of pace bowling are usually known as 2165: 2144: 2118: 2063: 1261: 1114: 967: 833: 622:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 493:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1985:Jargonbusting: The Analyst's Guide to Test Cricket 815:Twenty20 International cricket bowling records 2040: 1760:(3rd ed.). London: Wisden. p. 178. 811:One Day International cricket bowling records 365: 8: 745:swings more than the white ball used in the 1958:"Top 10 Fastest Bowlers in Cricket History" 1933:"Records for All Matches-Bowling speeds(1)" 2047: 2033: 2025: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 372: 358: 133: 682:Learn how and when to remove this message 553:Learn how and when to remove this message 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 1811:"How Pakistan became the kings of swing" 1251: 1104: 957: 823: 1448: 145: 721:middle and fly up to be caught in the 1703:Atherton, Michael (25 January 2021). 1565:Justham, L; West, A; Cork, A (2008). 7: 620:adding citations to reliable sources 491:adding citations to reliable sources 415:. They can also be referred to as a 58:adding citations to reliable sources 391:) is one of two main approaches to 25: 1758:The Wisden Dictionary of Cricket 1416: 1375: 1349: 1323: 1297: 1271: 1216: 1193: 1170: 1147: 1124: 1069: 1046: 1023: 1000: 977: 935: 912: 889: 866: 843: 596: 467: 34: 607:needs additional citations for 478:needs additional citations for 45:needs additional citations for 1809:Oborne, Peter (12 July 2014). 1789:"The science of swing bowling" 1: 1910:Bren Gray (17 October 2023). 1529:10.1080/02640414.2018.1522700 1474:10.1080/14763141.2010.523844 807:Test cricket bowling records 425:fast bowler who can swing it 27:Bowling technique in cricket 1437:Types of bowlers in cricket 2235: 1517:Journal of Sports Sciences 804: 788:. Common injuries include 585: 2012:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1756:Rundell, Michael (2006). 1432:Glossary of cricket terms 1373: 1347: 1321: 1295: 1269: 1264: 1214: 1191: 1168: 1145: 1122: 1117: 1106:Top five fast bowlers in 1067: 1044: 1021: 998: 975: 970: 959:Top five fast bowlers in 933: 910: 887: 864: 841: 836: 825:Top five fast bowlers in 1729:Stern, John (May 2004). 717:toward the rough side. 1735:Wisden Cricket Monthly 1583:10.1243/17543371JSET25 1257:Deliveries in Cricket 292:Spin bowler deliveries 232:Fast bowler deliveries 801:Top five fast bowlers 387:(also referred to as 2093:Wicket-keeper-batter 616:improve this article 570:) or off the pitch ( 487:improve this article 54:improve this article 2219:Cricket terminology 1462:Sports Biomechanics 1258: 1111: 964: 830: 217:left-arm unorthodox 1679:See, for example, 1656:See, for example, 1633:See, for example, 1610:See, for example, 1252: 1105: 958: 824: 399:, the other being 147:Bowling techniques 2214:Bowling (cricket) 2201: 2200: 2004:(Editor) (1995), 1406: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1154:Mustafizur Rahman 1110:by wickets taken 1097: 1096: 1090: 1089: 963:by wickets taken 956: 955: 829:by wickets taken 790:spondylolisthesis 780:Risks of injuries 692: 691: 684: 666: 563: 562: 555: 537: 382: 381: 198:left-arm orthodox 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 2226: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2026: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1453: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1380: 1379: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1354: 1353: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1328: 1327: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1302: 1301: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1276: 1275: 1259: 1248: 1232: 1231: 1221: 1220: 1209: 1208: 1198: 1197: 1186: 1185: 1175: 1174: 1163: 1162: 1152: 1151: 1140: 1139: 1129: 1128: 1112: 1101: 1085: 1084: 1074: 1073: 1062: 1061: 1051: 1050: 1039: 1038: 1028: 1027: 1016: 1015: 1005: 1004: 993: 992: 982: 981: 965: 951: 950: 940: 939: 928: 927: 917: 916: 905: 904: 894: 893: 882: 881: 871: 870: 859: 858: 848: 847: 831: 820: 687: 680: 676: 673: 667: 665: 624: 600: 592: 558: 551: 547: 544: 538: 536: 495: 471: 463: 395:in the sport of 374: 367: 360: 134: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2161: 2140: 2114: 2059: 2053: 2007:MCC Masterclass 1989:Channel 4 books 1977: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1819: 1817: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1786: 1775: 1768: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1740: 1738: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1687: 1685: 1682:"Shoaib Akhtar" 1680: 1678: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1549: 1547: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1407: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1387: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1361: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1270: 1245: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1123: 1098: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1012: 999: 994: 990: 989: 976: 952: 948: 947: 934: 929: 925: 924: 911: 906: 902: 901: 888: 883: 879: 878: 865: 860: 856: 855: 842: 817: 803: 782: 755: 688: 677: 671: 668: 625: 623: 613: 601: 590: 584: 559: 548: 542: 539: 496: 494: 484: 472: 461: 434: 378: 349: 348: 294: 284: 283: 234: 224: 223: 183: 173: 172: 158: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2232: 2230: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2206: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2029: 2023: 2022: 1999: 1975: 1974: 1949: 1924: 1902: 1881: 1860: 1839: 1827: 1801: 1773: 1766: 1748: 1737:. 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ESPNcricinfo 1613:"Jason Holder" 1603: 1557: 1523:(6): 665–670. 1502: 1468:(3): 139–152. 1447: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1424:Cricket portal 1411: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1382:Mitchell Starc 1371: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1345: 1344: 1334: 1332: 1319: 1318: 1308: 1306: 1293: 1292: 1282: 1280: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1227: 1225: 1212: 1211: 1204: 1202: 1189: 1188: 1181: 1179: 1166: 1165: 1158: 1156: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1133: 1120: 1119: 1118:Wickets taken 1116: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1080: 1078: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1055: 1042: 1041: 1034: 1032: 1019: 1018: 1011: 1009: 996: 995: 988: 986: 973: 972: 971:Wickets taken 969: 954: 953: 946: 944: 931: 930: 923: 921: 919:Courtney Walsh 908: 907: 900: 898: 885: 884: 877: 875: 862: 861: 854: 852: 850:James Anderson 839: 838: 837:Wickets taken 835: 818: 802: 799: 781: 778: 754: 751: 711:boundary layer 690: 689: 631:"Fast bowling" 604: 602: 595: 586:Main article: 583: 580: 561: 560: 502:"Fast bowling" 475: 473: 466: 460: 459:Strike bowling 457: 433: 430: 380: 379: 377: 376: 369: 362: 354: 351: 350: 347: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 295: 290: 289: 286: 285: 282: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 235: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 220: 219: 214: 203: 202: 201: 200: 195: 184: 179: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 165: 159: 154: 153: 150: 149: 143: 142: 128: 127: 69:"Fast bowling" 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2231: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2188:Fourth umpire 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2131:Batting order 2129: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2088:Wicket-keeper 2086: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064:Fielding side 2062: 2057: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2021: 2020:0-297-81578-4 2017: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1997:0-7522-6508-3 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981:Hughes, Simon 1979: 1978: 1963: 1962:Sports Monkey 1959: 1953: 1950: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1913: 1906: 1903: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1870: 1864: 1861: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1828: 1816: 1815:The Telegraph 1812: 1805: 1802: 1790: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1749: 1736: 1732: 1725: 1722: 1710: 1706: 1699: 1696: 1683: 1676: 1673: 1660: 1659:"Steve Waugh" 1653: 1650: 1637: 1636:"Steven Finn" 1630: 1627: 1614: 1607: 1604: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1558: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1503: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1452: 1449: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1414: 1409: 1402: 1385: 1383: 1378: 1372: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1346: 1333: 1331: 1326: 1320: 1307: 1305: 1300: 1294: 1281: 1279: 1278:Shoaib Akhtar 1274: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1240: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1190: 1180: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1157: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1093: 1079: 1077: 1076:Glenn McGrath 1072: 1066: 1056: 1054: 1053:Shaun Pollock 1049: 1043: 1033: 1031: 1030:Chaminda Vaas 1026: 1020: 1010: 1008: 1003: 997: 987: 985: 980: 974: 966: 962: 945: 943: 938: 932: 922: 920: 915: 909: 899: 897: 896:Glenn McGrath 892: 886: 876: 874: 869: 863: 853: 851: 846: 840: 832: 828: 822: 821: 816: 812: 808: 800: 798: 795: 791: 787: 779: 777: 775: 774:Sarfraz Nawaz 770: 767: 766:reverse swing 762: 759: 758:Reverse swing 753:Reverse swing 752: 750: 748: 744: 738: 734: 732: 728: 724: 718: 716: 712: 709: 704: 702: 698: 697:reverse swing 686: 683: 675: 664: 661: 657: 654: 650: 647: 643: 640: 636: 633: –  632: 628: 627:Find sources: 621: 617: 611: 610: 605:This article 603: 599: 594: 593: 589: 588:Swing bowling 582:Swing bowling 581: 579: 577: 573: 569: 568:swing bowling 557: 554: 546: 535: 532: 528: 525: 521: 518: 514: 511: 507: 504: –  503: 499: 498:Find sources: 492: 488: 482: 481: 476:This article 474: 470: 465: 464: 458: 456: 454: 450: 449:swing bowling 445: 443: 437: 431: 429: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 375: 370: 368: 363: 361: 356: 355: 353: 352: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 296: 293: 288: 287: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 269:Reverse swing 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 233: 228: 227: 218: 215: 213: 210: 209: 208: 205: 204: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 177: 176: 169: 166: 164: 161: 160: 157: 152: 151: 148: 144: 140: 136: 135: 132: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: –  70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 2183:Third umpire 2119:Batting side 2005: 1984: 1965:. 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Index

Pace bowler

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"Fast bowling"
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a series
Bowling techniques
Fast bowling
Seam
Swing
Spin bowling
Finger
off spin
left-arm orthodox
Wrist
leg spin
left-arm unorthodox
Fast bowler deliveries
Bouncer
Inswinger
Knuckle ball
Leg cutter
Off cutter

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