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Pachystruthio

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2054: 1365: 753: 144: 122: 1856: 1946: 1862: 525:
Kostopoulos, Dimitris S.; Konidaris, George E.; Amanatidou, Marina; Chitoglou, Krystalia; Fragkioudakis, Emmanouil; Gerakakis, Nikolaos; Giannakou, Vasiliki; Gkeme, Anastasia; Kalaitzi, Christina; Tsakalidis, Christos; Tsatsalis, Vaggelis (March 2023).
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Zelenkov, N. V.; Lavrov, A. V.; Startsev, D. B.; Vislobokova, I. A.; Lopatin, A. V. (2019). "A giant early Pleistocene bird from eastern Europe: unexpected component of terrestrial faunas at the time of early Homo arrival".
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has been estimated standing 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) tall and weighing up to 450 kg (990 lb), making it much larger than the modern ostrich and
1364: 2095: 2139: 2013: 786: 2124: 2053: 2149: 2154: 2119: 2114: 2164: 2129: 583:"A Giant Ostrich from the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Formation of North China, with a Review of the Fossil Ostriches of China" 528:"The new fossil site Krimni-3 in Mygdonia Basin and the first evidence of a giant ostrich in the Early Pleistocene of Greece" 2088: 651:"The Missing Late Pleistocene Ostrich Femur from Zhoukoudian (China): New Information Provided by a Rediscovered Old Cast" 143: 1855: 779: 402: 2134: 2081: 857: 2144: 2159: 1966: 772: 1949: 1407: 390: 1194: 1141: 911: 609: 539: 491: 1264: 1861: 1250: 1177: 758: 429: 1926: 1891: 1604: 1149: 2004: 884: 563: 507: 296: 138: 1919: 1584: 1257: 1467: 1271: 2031: 1912: 1383: 1331: 1226: 1163: 690: 672: 555: 358: 2061: 1898: 1546: 1219: 1092: 662: 604: 594: 547: 499: 205: 121: 1424: 1240: 1156: 1076: 842: 448: 442: 17: 543: 495: 2065: 1777: 1039: 527: 456: 452: 2108: 1750: 1686: 1594: 1282: 1069: 981: 968: 923: 795: 567: 511: 215: 195: 72: 1905: 1708: 1624: 1134: 1124: 730: 241: 503: 1989: 1998: 1805: 1793: 1766: 1726: 1717: 1665: 1631: 1539: 1474: 1416: 1294: 1002: 896: 626:"Giant 11-Foot Bird Discovered in Europe Would Have Weighed Almost Half a Tonne" 346: 47: 551: 1879: 1736: 1679: 1649: 1553: 1512: 1447: 1395: 1055: 1013: 748: 92: 57: 676: 559: 1814: 1759: 1693: 1615: 1209: 1187: 1109: 1062: 1048: 1024: 869: 155: 97: 1983: 1831: 1821: 1658: 1532: 1505: 1457: 820: 385: 342: 306: 175: 87: 82: 67: 62: 52: 2018: 1672: 1638: 1568: 1523: 1435: 1312: 714: 380: 350: 338: 331: 259: 102: 77: 667: 650: 599: 582: 814: 764: 354: 165: 1960: 423:
Some authors have suggested placing the large (albeit smaller than
826: 334: 185: 1964: 1877: 1381: 966: 807: 768: 1492: 416:, its relationship to the extant ostriches of the genus 2069: 1827: 1789: 1747: 1732: 1600: 1590: 1580: 1489: 1463: 1453: 1443: 1404: 1300: 1290: 1237: 1206: 1174: 1121: 1105: 1036: 1020: 1009: 998: 1973: 1804: 1776: 1746: 1716: 1707: 1648: 1614: 1567: 1522: 1488: 1434: 1403: 1394: 1330: 1281: 1236: 1205: 1173: 1120: 1090: 1035: 979: 922: 895: 868: 841: 433:from the Late Pleistocene of China in the genus. 361:, and China. The genus contains three species: 695:sp. n., from the Lower Pleistocene of Georgia" 476: 474: 472: 2089: 780: 8: 2096: 2082: 1961: 1874: 1782: 1713: 1573: 1497: 1400: 1391: 1378: 1327: 1098: 991: 987: 976: 963: 901: 874: 847: 838: 804: 787: 773: 765: 689:Burchak-Abramovich, N.; Vekua, A. (1990). 379:, which were all formerly placed with the 120: 31: 666: 610:1983/0d3c1bba-d496-47b6-a61c-e141a472612a 608: 598: 581:Buffetaut, Eric; Angst, Delphine (2021). 468: 288:(Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua, 1971) 272:(Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua, 1990) 7: 2050: 2048: 484:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 445:, flightless bird fossils in China 25: 349:. Its fossils have been found in 2052: 1945: 1944: 1860: 1854: 1363: 751: 142: 43:Late Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene 2140:Pleistocene species extinctions 389:. An incomplete femur from the 649:Buffetaut, Eric (2023-02-13). 1: 2125:Fossil taxa described in 1954 504:10.1080/02724634.2019.1605521 451:, flightless bird fossils in 393:(China) has been assigned to 2068:. You can help Knowledge by 624:McRae, Mike (27 June 2019). 2150:Prehistoric birds of Europe 702:Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 2181: 2047: 552:10.1007/s12542-022-00632-8 427:) extinct ostrich species 1940: 1886: 1873: 1851: 1785: 1576: 1500: 1390: 1377: 1360: 1326: 1101: 994: 990: 975: 962: 904: 877: 850: 837: 803: 302: 295: 265: 258: 247: 240: 139:Scientific classification 137: 128: 119: 34: 18:Pachystruthio dmanisensis 2155:Quaternary birds of Asia 2120:Extinct flightless birds 249:Pachystruthio pannonicus 2115:Birds described in 1954 713:Hitchcock, Don (2010). 2165:Prehistoric bird stubs 729:Zicha, Ondrej (1999). 129:Restoration of a male 27:Extinct genus of birds 2130:Neogene birds of Asia 693:Struthio dmanisensis 691:"The fossil ostrich 367:(the type species), 759:Paleontology portal 544:2023PalZ...97..147K 496:2019JVPal..39E5521Z 430:Struthio anderssoni 735:Biological Library 715:"The Dmanisi Site" 403:one of the largest 376:P. transcaucasicus 285:P. transcaucasicus 2135:Pleistocene birds 2077: 2076: 2042: 2041: 1967:Taxon identifiers 1958: 1957: 1936: 1935: 1869: 1868: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1703: 1702: 1563: 1562: 1484: 1483: 1408:Opisthodactylidae 1384:Notopalaeognathae 1373: 1372: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1332:Notopalaeognathae 1322: 1321: 1086: 1085: 958: 957: 954: 953: 950: 949: 946: 945: 942: 941: 731:"Struthio orlovi" 668:10.3390/d15020265 600:10.3390/d13020047 391:Nihewan Formation 323: 322: 317: 289: 281: 273: 236: 16:(Redirected from 2172: 2098: 2091: 2084: 2062:prehistoric bird 2056: 2049: 2035: 2034: 2022: 2021: 2009: 2008: 2007: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1962: 1948: 1947: 1899:Incognitoolithus 1875: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1829: 1791: 1783: 1749: 1734: 1714: 1602: 1592: 1582: 1574: 1498: 1493:Dinornithiformes 1491: 1465: 1455: 1445: 1406: 1401: 1392: 1379: 1368: 1367: 1328: 1302: 1292: 1239: 1208: 1176: 1123: 1107: 1099: 1093:Struthioniformes 1038: 1022: 1011: 1000: 992: 988: 977: 964: 902: 875: 848: 839: 832: 831: 805: 789: 782: 775: 766: 761: 756: 755: 754: 745: 743: 741: 725: 723: 721: 709: 699: 681: 680: 670: 646: 640: 639: 637: 636: 621: 615: 614: 612: 602: 578: 572: 571: 522: 516: 515: 478: 412:is known as the 315: 287: 279: 271: 234: 227: 206:Struthioniformes 147: 146: 124: 114: 44: 40:Temporal range: 32: 21: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2045: 2043: 2038: 2030: 2025: 2017: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1969: 1959: 1954: 1932: 1882: 1865: 1853: 1837: 1800: 1772: 1742: 1699: 1644: 1610: 1559: 1518: 1480: 1430: 1425:Opisthodactylus 1386: 1369: 1362: 1346: 1318: 1277: 1241:Ergilornithidae 1232: 1201: 1195:Galligeranoides 1169: 1157:Palaeophasianus 1142:Galligeranoides 1116: 1095: 1082: 1077:Pseudocrypturus 1031: 984: 971: 938: 918: 891: 864: 858:Avemetatarsalia 843:Avemetatarsalia 833: 810: 809: 799: 793: 757: 752: 750: 739: 737: 728: 719: 717: 712: 697: 688: 685: 684: 648: 647: 643: 634: 632: 623: 622: 618: 580: 579: 575: 524: 523: 519: 490:(2): e1605521. 480: 479: 470: 465: 449:Struthio orlovi 443:Struthio wimani 439: 337:which lived in 280:(Kretzoi, 1954) 254: 253:(Kretzoi, 1954) 251: 235:(Kretzoi, 1954) 233: 225: 141: 115: 113: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 42: 41: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2178: 2176: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2145:Pliocene birds 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2093: 2086: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2057: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2036: 2023: 2010: 1995: 1979: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1902: 1895: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1825: 1818: 1810: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1786: 1780: 1778:Casuariiformes 1774: 1773: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1755: 1753: 1751:Aepyornithidae 1744: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1730: 1722: 1720: 1711: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1697: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1654: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1635: 1628: 1620: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1608: 1598: 1588: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1528: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1516: 1509: 1501: 1495: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1471: 1461: 1451: 1440: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1421: 1412: 1410: 1398: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1309: 1298: 1287: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1276: 1275: 1268: 1265:Sinoergilornis 1261: 1254: 1246: 1244: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1223: 1215: 1213: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1191: 1183: 1181: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1153: 1146: 1138: 1130: 1128: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1114: 1102: 1096: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1059: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1040:Lithornithidae 1033: 1032: 1030: 1029: 1018: 1007: 995: 985: 980: 973: 972: 967: 960: 959: 956: 955: 952: 951: 948: 947: 944: 943: 940: 939: 937: 936: 935: 934: 928: 926: 920: 919: 917: 916: 915: 914: 905: 899: 893: 892: 890: 889: 888: 887: 878: 872: 866: 865: 863: 862: 861: 860: 851: 845: 835: 834: 830: 829: 823: 817: 808: 801: 800: 794: 792: 791: 784: 777: 769: 763: 762: 747: 746: 726: 710: 683: 682: 641: 616: 573: 538:(1): 147–161. 517: 467: 466: 464: 461: 460: 459: 457:Eastern Europe 446: 438: 435: 425:P. dmanisensis 420:is not clear. 410:P. dmanisensis 399:P. dmanisensis 370:P. dmanisensis 345:to the Middle 341:from the Late 330:is a genus of 321: 320: 319: 318: 300: 299: 293: 292: 291: 290: 282: 274: 269:P. dmanisensis 263: 262: 256: 255: 252: 245: 244: 238: 237: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 135: 134: 131:P. dmanisensis 126: 125: 117: 116: 108: 107: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 45: 39: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2177: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2160:Struthionidae 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2064:article is a 2063: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2005:Pachystruthio 2000: 1996: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1975:Pachystruthio 1972: 1968: 1963: 1951: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1857: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1796: 1795: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1595:Querandiornis 1589: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1533:Anomalopteryx 1530: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1487: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1469: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305:Pachystruthio 1299: 1297: 1296: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1283:Struthionidae 1280: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1251:Amphipelargus 1248: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1235: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178:Palaeotididae 1172: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1119: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1089: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1070:Paracathartes 1067: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1034: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1005: 1004: 997: 996: 993: 989: 986: 983: 982:Palaeognathae 978: 974: 970: 969:Palaeognathae 965: 961: 932: 931: 930: 929: 927: 925: 924:Palaeognathae 921: 913: 909: 908: 907: 906: 903: 900: 898: 894: 886: 882: 881: 880: 879: 876: 873: 871: 867: 859: 855: 854: 853: 852: 849: 846: 844: 840: 836: 828: 824: 822: 818: 816: 812: 811: 806: 802: 797: 790: 785: 783: 778: 776: 771: 770: 767: 760: 749: 736: 732: 727: 716: 711: 708:(7): 121–132. 707: 703: 696: 694: 687: 686: 678: 674: 669: 664: 660: 656: 652: 645: 642: 631: 627: 620: 617: 611: 606: 601: 596: 592: 588: 584: 577: 574: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 521: 518: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 477: 475: 473: 469: 462: 458: 454: 450: 447: 444: 441: 440: 436: 434: 432: 431: 426: 421: 419: 415: 414:giant ostrich 411: 406: 405:known birds. 404: 400: 396: 395:Pachystruthio 392: 388: 387: 382: 378: 377: 372: 371: 366: 365: 364:P. pannonicus 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 333: 329: 328: 327:Pachystruthio 316:Kretzoi 1954a 313: 312:Pachystruthio 309: 308: 304: 303: 301: 298: 294: 286: 283: 278: 277:P. pannonicus 275: 270: 267: 266: 264: 261: 257: 250: 246: 243: 239: 232: 231: 230:Pachystruthio 224: 221: 220: 217: 216:Struthionidae 214: 211: 210: 207: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196:Palaeognathae 194: 191: 190: 187: 184: 181: 180: 177: 174: 171: 170: 167: 164: 161: 160: 157: 154: 151: 150: 145: 140: 136: 132: 127: 123: 118: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 37: 36:Pachystruthio 33: 30: 19: 2070:expanding it 2059: 2044: 1974: 1927:Tsondabornis 1925: 1918: 1911: 1906:Medioolithus 1904: 1897: 1892:Diamantornis 1890: 1830: 1820: 1813: 1792: 1765: 1758: 1735: 1725: 1709:Novaeratitae 1692: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1637: 1630: 1625:Crypturellus 1623: 1605:Roveretornis 1603: 1593: 1583: 1552: 1545: 1538: 1531: 1513:Megalapteryx 1511: 1504: 1473: 1466: 1456: 1446: 1423: 1415: 1311: 1304: 1303: 1293: 1270: 1263: 1256: 1249: 1225: 1218: 1193: 1186: 1162: 1155: 1150:Geranodornis 1148: 1140: 1135:Eogeranoides 1133: 1125:Geranoididae 1108: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1023: 1012: 1001: 738:. Retrieved 734: 718:. Retrieved 705: 701: 692: 658: 654: 644: 633:. Retrieved 630:ScienceAlert 629: 619: 590: 586: 576: 535: 531: 520: 487: 483: 428: 424: 422: 417: 413: 409: 407: 398: 394: 384: 375: 374: 369: 368: 363: 362: 326: 325: 324: 311: 305: 284: 276: 268: 248: 242:Type species 229: 228: 192:Infraclass: 130: 35: 29: 1999:Wikispecies 1806:Casuariidae 1794:Diogenornis 1767:Mullerornis 1718:Apterygidae 1666:Nothoprocta 1632:Nothocercus 1547:Euryapteryx 1417:Diogenornis 1295:Orientornis 1003:Asteriornis 912:Maniraptora 897:Maniraptora 796:Palaeognath 720:16 February 347:Pleistocene 2109:Categories 1920:Psammornis 1737:Proapteryx 1680:Rhynchotus 1650:Nothurinae 1585:Miniothura 1554:Pachyornis 1448:Heterorhea 1396:Rheiformes 1341:see below↓ 1258:Ergilornis 1056:Fissuravis 1014:Eremopezus 933:see below↓ 740:2 February 661:(2): 265. 635:2019-06-27 463:References 1990:Q64845989 1815:Casuarius 1760:Aepyornis 1694:Tinamotis 1687:Taoniscus 1616:Tinaminae 1569:Tinamidae 1468:Protorhea 1272:Urmiornis 1210:Eogruidae 1188:Palaeotis 1110:Remiornis 1063:Lithornis 1049:Calciavis 1025:Limenavis 885:Theropoda 870:Theropoda 813:Kingdom: 677:1424-2818 655:Diversity 593:(2): 47. 587:Diversity 568:252750662 560:0031-0220 512:198384367 408:Although 353:, Greece 162:Kingdom: 156:Eukaryota 1984:Wikidata 1950:Category 1913:Namornis 1832:Emuarius 1822:Dromaius 1659:Eudromia 1506:Dinornis 1458:Hinasuri 1313:Struthio 1227:Sonogrus 1164:Paragrus 821:Chordata 819:Phylum: 815:Animalia 437:See also 418:Struthio 386:Struthio 343:Pliocene 307:Struthio 297:Synonyms 212:Family: 176:Chordata 172:Phylum: 166:Animalia 152:Domain: 2032:1158989 2019:4851534 1727:Apteryx 1673:Nothura 1639:Tinamus 1524:Emeidae 1436:Rheidae 825:Class: 540:Bibcode 492:Bibcode 453:Central 397:indet. 383:genus, 381:ostrich 359:Georgia 351:Hungary 339:Eurasia 332:extinct 260:Species 222:Genus: 202:Order: 182:Class: 109:↓ 1880:Ootaxa 1220:Eogrus 798:genera 675:  566:  558:  510:  373:, and 355:Crimea 2060:This 2027:IRMNG 1540:Emeus 698:(PDF) 564:S2CID 508:S2CID 2066:stub 2014:GBIF 1475:Rhea 910:see 883:see 856:see 827:Aves 742:2010 722:2011 673:ISSN 556:ISSN 532:PalZ 455:and 335:bird 186:Aves 48:PreꞒ 663:doi 605:hdl 595:doi 548:doi 500:doi 2111:: 2029:: 2016:: 2001:: 1986:: 733:. 706:33 704:. 700:. 671:. 659:15 657:. 653:. 628:. 603:. 591:13 589:. 585:. 562:. 554:. 546:. 536:97 534:. 530:. 506:. 498:. 488:39 486:. 471:^ 357:, 314:) 133:. 98:Pg 2097:e 2090:t 2083:v 2072:. 1828:† 1797:? 1790:† 1748:† 1733:† 1601:† 1591:† 1581:† 1490:† 1464:† 1454:† 1444:† 1420:? 1405:† 1308:? 1301:† 1291:† 1243:? 1238:† 1212:? 1207:† 1198:? 1180:? 1175:† 1145:? 1127:? 1122:† 1113:? 1106:† 1037:† 1028:? 1021:† 1017:? 1010:† 1006:? 999:† 788:e 781:t 774:v 744:. 724:. 679:. 665:: 638:. 613:. 607:: 597:: 570:. 550:: 542:: 514:. 502:: 494:: 310:( 226:† 103:N 93:K 88:J 83:T 78:P 73:C 68:D 63:S 58:O 53:Ꞓ 20:)

Index

Pachystruthio dmanisensis
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N

Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Palaeognathae
Struthioniformes
Struthionidae
Pachystruthio
Type species
Species
Synonyms
Struthio
extinct
bird

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