541:), and three 12-bit-wide parallel ports. The PPS-1201 was followed up in 1981 by the simply titled Model PPS-12, which had essentially the same board layout but added support for other PC/M-manufactured serial–parallel and bubble memory expansion modules as well as added software for terminal control and external software development equipment interfacing. The PPS-12 was designed for field applications where only battery or solar power is available; it requires only a 5 V hookup and consumes only half a watt of power.
253:
27:
496:, the PCM-12 Omega offered 18 expansion slots on its bus and added a hinge to its card cage, allowing it to pivot up into view of the user from the front panel and stay into place through a special mechanism. Still based on the Intersil 6100, PC/M ensured software compatibility with the PDP-8/A (the last non-microprocessor-based incarnation of the PDP-8), the
453:. It offers a full suite of editing functions, including loading and monitoring the RAM buffer or the EPROM directly, with a button on the front panel allowing the user to verify quickly if the EPROM has been erased; while firmware in ROM provides dumping and verifying capabilities to external control. Operated standalone, EPROM data may be loaded by
401:
RAM board. The 12210 stored memory after power-off for up to 30 days with the aid of its included battery. All three memory cards carry 59 integrated circuits, including logic chips for bus interfacing. The 12230 power-fail module was available around the time of release of these memory cards, which
524:
backplane. Based again on the
Intersil 6100, the PPS-1201 supports up to 4 kilowords of socketed memory chips configurable as any amount of RAM or EPROMs. An additional kiloword of memory on the board is reserved for loading and running a "control panel" suite, comprising a
480:, PC/M signed up distributors in the United States and Europe and hired in-house company salespeople to sell Bubbl-Tec's products later in 1979. The company delivered its first bubble-memory-based device in July 1979; two more were added to Bubbl-Tec's roster in September.
315:-address functions. On release in early 1976, the PCM-12 was only available in kit form for between US$ 400 and $ 600, depending on options. By mid-March that year, the price of the kit increased to $ 799. The kit in minimal form required assembling the computer from five
552:. The card supported up to 1.5 MB worth of bubble memory modules, which were removable and could be loaded into Bubbl-Pacs enclosures for the Bubbl-Dek—an external bubble memory module reader developed by Bubble-Tec that plugs into the disk drive bay of the PC.
500:
DECstation, and the WS78 and WD78 word–data processing systems. The expansion slots are variably spaced to allow for both narrow cards such as memory modules and wire-wrapped prototype boards which require far more clearance. The built-in power supply provides
381:
PC/M released myriad expansion cards in the turn of 1978, including three memory expansion cards, a power-fail module card, an improved TTY card, and a PDP-8 emulation card. The three memory cards comprised the 12020A, the PCM-12's basic 12-bit 4-kiloword
239:, where the company spent the remainder of its existence in a 6,000-square-foot facility. The company's workforce was relatively spartan throughout its lifespan, employing only "about 10" in 1979, later increasing to 15 by the early 2000s.
306:
handler card were provisional. Included with the stock PCM-12 was a 4-kiloword memory board. The minicomputer's front panel meanwhile provides virtually all of the PDP-8/E's switch-functions while also including binary
319:(including the CPU and 4-kiloword memory boards), the cabinet, the front panel, and the power supply. The computer was later offered completely assembled and tested in May 1976, for $ 1224. The PCM-12 was, by
430:. Aiming to attract third-party vendors for development of custom expansion cards for the PCM-12, the company released the 12090 prototype board, a double-plated through-hole circuit board with a grid of
444:
programmer industry with the release of the Model 66 in
February 1978. Compatible only with Intersil's 6603 and 6604 EPROM chips, Model 66 can be used standalone or controlled via a computer, terminal,
1797:
402:
when paired with the 12210 made the PCM-12 impervious to AC power failures. The improved TTY card, named the 12060, emulated DEC's 03 and 04 device selector designations and provides I/O with both
354:
operating system to be run on the PCM-12. The kit price remained $ 799, later decreased to $ 679 (against the assembled version's $ 989). The portfolio of expansion cards by this point included a
603:, and scientific instrumentation. In 1996, the company renamed themselves to PCM Systems. In November 2001, the company filed its certificate of dissolution to the California government.
1807:
1802:
1792:
1782:
544:
PC/M's Bubbl-Tec division continued releasing memory cards until at least 1987, their efforts culminating in the PCH-3 Bubbl-Board, a bubble memory expansion card for
468:. The opening of this division, which PC/M anticipated would generate the bulk of the company's future growth overall, necessitated the company move headquarters from
1787:
1777:
338:
The PCM-12 received a facelift in the form of the PCM-12A in mid-1977. This revision "beefed-up" the original PCM-12's included literature and cabinetry, added a
1812:
394:
hybrid board constituting 1.5 kilowords of UV-erasable EPROMs in high pages and 512 words of n-channel RAM in low pages; and the 12210, a 12-bit 4-kiloword
1817:
418:. PC/M co-introduced the 12060 with the 12310, a digital I/O board which provides the PCM-12 with additional instruction sets based on DEC's DR8-EA
587:
boards. An optional ROM board allows software to be stored and loaded instantaneously. The system supports up to eighteen processor boards.
1702:
312:
1141:
1069:
576:
1738:
407:
205:, a scientific research firm. Nelson was named president and general owner. For the next several years the company developed
533:, from an on-board ROM. The board also possesses a memory expansion controller, a serial port compatible with RS-232 and 20-
327:
275:
201:, PC/M was founded by Robert Nelson and several others, most of whom including Nelson came from the San Ramon facility of
290:
accommodated 15 expansion cards. On release, the only expansion cards optioned were device-interfacing modules—including
1358:
1094:
1630:
460:
In 1979, the company opened up Bubbl-Tec, a division dedicated to development and manufacturing of devices using
1460:
596:
1721:
1494:
1443:
1477:
1426:
1409:
347:
198:
1613:
1175:
1757:
1081:
545:
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469:
316:
191:
166:
120:
1658:
1511:
1375:
1324:
1290:
1256:
1222:
1158:
449:, or IC test equipment for automated burning. Inside the Model 66 is a microprocessor and a 4-KiB RAM
1341:
530:
391:
299:
572:
395:
1641:
1692:
1307:
1239:
1124:
493:
473:
346:, an "absolute loader" that bootstraps binary from tape directly into any field of memory, and a
339:
303:
236:
126:
1675:
1273:
1698:
1562:
1111:
584:
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431:
371:
1596:
1579:
1545:
1528:
1392:
1192:
506:
423:
419:
387:
308:
190:) was an American computer company based in California. The company was founded in 1975 in
1761:
600:
427:
325:
magazine's estimation, the first mini- or microcomputer based on the IM6100. According to
321:
287:
232:
1669:(3). National Aeronautics and Space Administration: 119 – via the Internet Archive.
568:
488:
A physically larger follow-up to the PCM-12 was introduced in early 1980. Described by
415:
271:
1209:
1073:
1771:
461:
374:
card introduced in
November 1977. This card sold for $ 259 assembled and $ 169 as an
355:
295:
268:
217:
206:
252:
1746:. Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. pp. 93, 102 – via the Internet Archive.
477:
363:
261:
538:
502:
450:
411:
367:
359:
291:
595:
Pacific Cyber/Metrix's domain in the 1990s was largely limited to VMEbus-based
26:
454:
1732:(11). Benwill Publishing Corporation: 43–65 – via the Internet Archive.
1335:(3). Design Publishing Corporation: 150–151 – via the Internet Archive.
383:
375:
343:
332:
228:
1233:(12). Design Publishing Corporation: 210 – via the Internet Archive.
1522:(4). Design Publishing Corporation: 196 – via the Internet Archive.
1471:(6). Benwill Publishing Corporation: 97 – via the Internet Archive.
1386:(8). Design Publishing Corporation: 200 – via the Internet Archive.
1301:(2). Design Publishing Corporation: 200 – via the Internet Archive.
1267:(1). Design Publishing Corporation: 142 – via the Internet Archive.
1169:(5). Design Publishing Corporation: 210 – via the Internet Archive.
560:
534:
526:
521:
446:
283:
265:
214:
1318:(3). McPheters, Wolfe & Jones: 131 – via the Internet Archive.
370:
floppy disk functionality to the original PCM-12 with the 12440, a dual-
279:
202:
1597:"Bubble-Memory Board Protects Data in the Face of Adverse Conditions"
1105:(4). Hayden Publishing Company: 137 – via the Internet Archive.
564:
403:
1635:. Rich's Business Directory. p. 187 – via Google Books.
1223:"Dual Floppy Disc Option Is Available for 12-Bit µComputer System"
575:
standard. Apart from the processor boards, the package includes a
517:
457:. The Model 66 was later tweaked as the Model 660 in August 1978.
441:
251:
224:
210:
1652:(9). IEEE Computer Society: 130 – via the Internet Archive.
1686:(2). IEEE Computer Society: 95 – via the Internet Archive.
1580:"Solid-State Bubble Memory Cards Introduced by Intel, Bubbl-Tec"
1257:"Three Static Memory Modules Are Announced for 12-Bit µComputer"
556:
497:
438:
398:
351:
221:
868:
866:
260:
The company's first announced product was the PCM-12, a 12-bit
1573:(46). IDG Publications: 113–114, 117 – via Google Books.
1393:"Intelligent Programmer for Intersil Ultraviolet Memory Chips"
733:
731:
682:
680:
678:
665:
663:
1505:(10). CW Communications: 10 – via the Internet Archive.
1454:(17). CW Communications: 10 – via the Internet Archive.
1420:(39). CW Communications: 13 – via the Internet Archive.
1403:(3). Byte Publications: 241 – via the Internet Archive.
1369:(3). Davis Publications: 74 – via the Internet Archive.
1352:(5). Byte Publications: 180 – via the Internet Archive.
1325:"Prototyping, Extender Boards Speed Up µComputer Development"
1203:(45). CW Communications: 53 – via the Internet Archive.
1135:(11). CW Communications: 42 – via the Internet Archive.
1085:
650:
648:
635:
633:
631:
1488:(5). CW Communications: 11 – via the Internet Archive.
1437:(9). CW Communications: 26 – via the Internet Archive.
1284:(2). CW Communications: 67 – via the Internet Archive.
1250:(1). CW Communications: 33 – via the Internet Archive.
1118:(7). Byte Publications: 88 – via the Internet Archive.
1624:(7). IDG Publications: 74 – via the Internet Archive.
1125:"PCM 12-Bit Device Software-Compatible with DEC PDP-8 Mini"
1556:(4). IDG Publications: 86, 89–90 – via Google Books.
1512:"CMOS Microcomputer Operates on 5 V, Requires 0.5-W Power"
342:
to the CPU board to generate a timing signal for variable
1216:(12). 1001001, Inc.: 15 – via the Internet Archive.
1095:"Microcomputer kit based on 12-bit µP works like PDP-8/E"
537:
current loop interfaces (through the use of an on-board
1495:"PC/M Unveils Micro System, S-100 Bubble Memory Boards"
1632:
Rich's High-tech
Business Guide to Southern California
1159:"Kit Computer Is Software Compatible with DEC PDP-8/E"
1798:
Defunct companies based in the San
Francisco Bay Area
1539:(16). CW Communications: 44 – via Google Books.
567:, called Hyperflo. Each processor board carries four
1410:"Bubbl-Tec's Add-Ins Put Firm into Close Fraternity"
1376:"Intelligent Programmer for UV Erasable CMOS P/ROMs"
434:
to facilitate wire-wrap or solder tail connections.
274:, allowing it to be mostly software compatible with
231:
generated by their products and received no outside
1274:"PCM-12 Gains Two Boards: CRT Link, PDP-8 Emulator"
162:
152:
136:
113:
105:
87:
69:
61:
53:
36:
516:, the Model PPS-1201, designed to be plugged into
1084:. PCM Systems. November 20, 1996. Archived from
1808:Defunct computer companies of the United States
1291:"Intelligent Programmer for CMOS Erasable ROMs"
1193:"PCM-12 Gets Dual Floppy Disk Interface Module"
559:-compatible multiprocessor computer system for
1803:Defunct computer companies based in California
1590:(18). Ziff-Davis: 44 – via Google Books.
1052:
331:, the computer was also the first to have its
235:. PC/M moved its headquarters in late 1979 to
1607:(6). Ziff-Davis: 45 – via Google Books.
1478:"6100 Software Developed on Low-End DEC Gear"
1240:"Static Memory Modules Introduced for PCM-12"
1028:
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8:
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1008:
964:
654:
618:
227:burners. The company earned profit from the
19:
1040:
555:In 1988, the company introduced a $ 20,300
512:Shortly after the PCM-12, PC/M released a
362:I/O card and a DEC-compatible, high-speed
25:
18:
1793:Computer companies disestablished in 2001
1783:American companies disestablished in 2001
1186:(3): 20 – via the Internet Archive.
1563:"New Products/Systems & Peripherals"
1546:"New Products/Systems & Peripherals"
1210:"PCM Micro Is PDP-8 Software Compatible"
996:
335:and cards built into a metal card cage.
286:of memory 12 bits wide, and its 80-line
1743:1979 Electronic Experimenter's Handbook
984:
611:
1788:Computer companies established in 1975
1778:American companies established in 1975
1578:Stafford, Paul M. (October 28, 1986).
1342:"Floppy Interface for PCM-12 Computer"
1461:"All CMOS Single Board Microcomputer"
1072:. OpenCorporates. n.d. Archived from
7:
1595:Matzkin, Jonathan (March 31, 1987).
410:interfaces. The 12060 supports both
1813:Defunct computer hardware companies
1720:Simpson, Henry K. (November 1977).
1697:. Times Mirror Press. p. 851.
1444:"An all-CMOS single-board computer"
1408:Staff writer (September 24, 1979).
1818:Defunct computer systems companies
1612:Staff writer (February 15, 1988).
1561:Staff writer (November 17, 1986).
1238:Staff writer (December 26, 1977).
1221:Staff writer (December 12, 1977).
1093:Staff writer (February 16, 1976).
14:
1694:California Manufacturers Register
1544:Staff writer (January 27, 1986).
1476:Staff writer (February 2, 1981).
1427:"Omega Is Compatible with PDP-8s"
1191:Staff writer (November 7, 1977).
1152:(4): 22 – via Google Books.
1112:"The First of the 12-Bit Micros?"
203:Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier
1359:"Parallel-I/O Interface Modules"
1272:Staff writer (January 9, 1978).
282:. The PCM-12 supported up to 32
46:Pacific Cyber/Metrix (1975–1996)
1722:"Getting Small: Microcomputers"
1640:Staff writer (September 1991).
1527:Staff writer (April 26, 1982).
1442:Staff writer (April 28, 1980).
1123:Staff writer (March 15, 1976).
422:, which aided in the fields of
350:card—the latter allowing DEC's
302:controller card and a hardware
1764: (archived April 14, 1997)
1493:Staff writer (March 9, 1981).
1425:Staff writer (March 3, 1980).
1289:Staff writer (February 1978).
1208:Staff writer (December 1977).
1:
1308:"PC/M Reader/Punch, Mag-Tape"
1255:Staff writer (January 1978).
276:Digital Equipment Corporation
1676:"Multi-DSP board for VMEbus"
1374:Staff writer (August 1978).
1174:Staff writer (May 1, 1977).
1674:Staff writer (April 1993).
1657:Staff writer (March 1993).
1642:"Microsystem Announcements"
1510:Staff writer (April 1981).
1391:Staff writer (March 1979).
1323:Staff writer (March 1978).
1306:Staff writer (March 1978).
1140:Staff writer (April 1976).
1110:Staff writer (March 1976).
476:. Originally sold only via
93:; 23 years ago
75:; 49 years ago
1834:
1614:"New Products: Processors"
1459:Staff writer (June 1980).
176:Pacific Cyber/Metrix, Inc.
1707:– via Google Books.
1357:Staff writer (May 1978).
1340:Staff writer (May 1978).
1157:Staff writer (May 1976).
1070:"PCM Systems Corporation"
597:digital signal processors
24:
16:American computer company
505:protection and foldback
437:The company entered the
386:RAM board; the 12160, a
256:Front view of the PCM-12
145:Robert Nelson, president
583:board, and one or more
20:PCM Systems Corporation
1499:Computer Business News
1482:Computer Business News
1465:Circuits Manufacturing
1448:Computer Business News
1431:Computer Business News
1414:Computer Business News
1363:Elementary Electronics
490:Computer Business News
464:modules fabricated by
348:floppy disk controller
317:printed circuit boards
298:—and memory boards; a
257:
199:privately held company
31:Logo from 1996 to 2001
1737:Berger, Ivan (1979).
1691:Staff writer (2004).
1629:Staff writer (1990).
514:single-board computer
255:
192:San Ramon, California
158:15 (early 2000s)
121:San Ramon, California
573:floating-point units
531:machine code monitor
366:reader–writer. PC/M
300:direct memory access
1741:Popular Electronics
1659:"New on the Market"
577:resource management
154:Number of employees
21:
1180:Creative Computing
1142:"Boards and Boxes"
1088:on April 14, 1997.
1053:OpenCorporates n.d
1029:Staff writer 1993b
1025:Staff writer 1993a
973:Staff writer 1986b
969:Staff writer 1986a
961:Staff writer 1981b
949:Staff writer 1981b
937:Staff writer 1981a
925:Staff writer 1980d
913:Staff writer 1980b
901:Staff writer 1980a
889:Staff writer 1979a
885:Staff writer 1978h
873:Staff writer 1978c
858:Staff writer 1978e
846:Staff writer 1978b
834:Staff writer 1978g
822:Staff writer 1978a
810:Staff writer 1978b
806:Staff writer 1977e
794:Staff writer 1978e
790:Staff writer 1977b
778:Staff writer 1978d
774:Staff writer 1977a
762:Staff writer 1977a
750:Staff writer 1977c
738:Staff writer 1977d
723:Staff writer 1976d
711:Staff writer 1976b
699:Staff writer 1976c
687:Staff writer 1976e
670:Staff writer 1976a
640:Staff writer 1979b
623:Staff writer 1979b
408:20-mA current loop
340:crystal oscillator
304:vectored interrupt
258:
237:Dublin, California
127:Dublin, California
1529:"New peripherals"
1099:Electronic Design
1021:Staff writer 1991
1009:Staff writer 1988
965:Staff writer 1982
655:Staff writer 2004
619:Staff writer 1990
591:1990s – 2001
581:memory controller
466:Texas Instruments
372:floppy controller
209:based around the
173:
172:
1825:
1758:Official website
1747:
1733:
1708:
1687:
1670:
1663:NASA Tech Briefs
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1636:
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1608:
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1077:
1076:on May 27, 2022.
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1041:PCM Systems 1996
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507:current limiting
424:data acquisition
420:Flip-Chip module
309:bootstrap loader
101:
99:
94:
83:
81:
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43:PCM, Inc. (1975)
29:
22:
1833:
1832:
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1823:
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1768:
1767:
1762:Wayback Machine
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1716:
1714:Further reading
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1516:Computer Design
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1390:
1380:Computer Design
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1329:Computer Design
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1305:
1295:Computer Design
1288:
1271:
1261:Computer Design
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1227:Computer Design
1220:
1207:
1190:
1173:
1163:Computer Design
1156:
1139:
1122:
1109:
1092:
1082:"PCM Home Page"
1080:
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1064:
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1047:
1039:
1035:
1023:, p. 130;
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621:, p. 187;
617:
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601:signal analysis
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428:process control
416:video terminals
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233:venture capital
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1753:
1752:External links
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1749:
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1734:
1726:Digital Design
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1712:
1710:
1709:
1703:
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967:, p. 44;
963:, p. 10;
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814:
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808:, p. 33;
798:
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792:, p. 53;
782:
780:, p. 131.
776:, p. 20;
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742:
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727:
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659:
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569:Motorola 68020
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272:microprocessor
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1618:Computerworld
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1312:Interface Age
1309:
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1300:
1296:
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1034:
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1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:, p. 74.
1010:
1005:
1002:
999:, p. 44.
998:
997:Stafford 1986
993:
990:
987:, p. 45.
986:
981:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
954:
950:
945:
942:
939:, p. 11.
938:
933:
930:
927:, p. 97.
926:
921:
918:
915:, p. 10.
914:
909:
906:
903:, p. 26.
902:
897:
894:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
854:
851:
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835:
830:
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815:
811:
807:
802:
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795:
791:
786:
783:
779:
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764:, p. 20.
763:
758:
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752:, p. 15.
751:
746:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
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712:
707:
704:
701:, p. 42.
700:
695:
692:
688:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
642:, p. 13.
641:
636:
634:
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628:
625:, p. 13.
624:
620:
615:
612:
606:
604:
602:
599:for imaging,
598:
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582:
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571:CPUs and two
570:
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462:bubble memory
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264:based on the
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1086:the original
1074:the original
1048:
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1016:
1004:
992:
985:Matzkin 1987
980:
956:
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908:
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694:
614:
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554:
543:
511:
489:
487:
478:direct sales
459:
436:
412:teleprinters
396:non-volatile
380:
364:punched card
337:
326:
320:
262:minicomputer
259:
213:–compatible
196:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:
114:Headquarters
54:Company type
1601:PC Magazine
1584:PC Magazine
1146:Modern Data
585:flat memory
550:compatibles
539:optocoupler
503:overvoltage
328:Modern Data
220:as well as
188:PCM Systems
129:(1979–2001)
123:(1975–1979)
1772:Categories
1062:References
455:paper tape
376:unsoldered
368:backported
344:baud rates
169:(archived)
138:Key people
1533:InfoWorld
1176:"PCM-12A"
607:Citations
579:board, a
494:mainframe
470:San Ramon
384:n-channel
333:backplane
313:decrement
284:kilowords
229:cash flow
184:PCM, Inc.
109:Dissolved
65:Computers
1646:Computer
1214:Kilobaud
561:Motorola
527:debugger
522:Multibus
447:teletype
356:parallel
296:cassette
266:Intersil
215:Intersil
186:, later
62:Industry
37:Formerly
1760:at the
280:PDP-8/E
243:History
163:Website
96: (
88:Defunct
78: (
70:Founded
57:Private
1701:
565:VMEbus
546:IBM PC
529:and a
474:Dublin
451:buffer
404:RS-232
360:serial
269:IM6100
1680:Micro
518:Intel
492:as a
484:1980s
442:EPROM
378:kit.
248:1970s
225:EPROM
211:PDP-8
1699:ISBN
1622:XXII
1397:Byte
1346:Byte
1116:Byte
557:Unix
548:and
498:VT78
439:CMOS
432:vias
426:and
414:and
406:and
399:CMOS
352:OS/8
322:Byte
311:and
294:and
222:CMOS
218:6100
180:PC/M
106:Fate
98:2001
91:2001
80:1975
73:1975
1282:XII
1248:XII
563:'s
520:'s
472:to
392:RAM
388:ROM
292:TTY
288:bus
278:'s
1774::
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1201:XI
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1114:.
1103:24
1101:.
1097:.
865:^
730:^
677:^
662:^
647:^
630:^
535:mA
509:.
197:A
194:.
1730:7
1605:6
1588:5
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1401:4
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1316:3
1184:3
1150:9
1133:X
1055:.
1043:.
725:.
713:.
390:/
358:–
178:(
100:)
82:)
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