92:, is a broad topic ranging from design conceptualization to product placement. All steps along the manufacturing process, and more, must be taken into account in the design of the package for any given product. Package engineering is an interdisciplinary field integrating science, engineering, technology and management to protect and identify products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. It encompasses the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. It is a system integral to the value chain that impacts product quality, user satisfaction, distribution efficiencies, and safety. Package engineering includes industry-specific aspects of
59:
67:
31:
2146:
47:
166:
Formal packaging programs might be listed as package engineering, packaging science, packaging technology, etc. BE, BS, MS, M.Tech and PhD programs are available. Students in a packaging program typically begin with generalized science, business, and engineering classes before progressing into
112:. Packaging engineers must interact with research and development, manufacturing, marketing, graphic design, regulatory, purchasing, planning and so on. The package must sell and protect the product, while maintaining an efficient, cost-effective process cycle.
115:
Engineers develop packages from a wide variety of rigid and flexible materials. Some materials have scores or creases to allow controlled folding into package shapes (sometimes resembling
131:
and other processing technologies. Packages are often developed for high speed fabrication, filling, processing, and shipment. Packaging engineers use principles of
600:
1734:
1644:
525:
375:
Lee, Ki-Eun; Kim, An; Lyu, Lee (November 1998). "Effectiveness of modified atmosphere packaging in preserving a prepared ready-to-eat food".
1046:
555:
429:
Hicks, A. J.; Medland, Mullineux (September 2001). "A constraint-based approach to the modelling and analysis of packaging machinery".
2030:
2000:
848:
2174:
1970:
2184:
1704:
1558:
1403:
1809:
1920:
873:
1076:
491:
Han, Jongkoo; Park (January 2007). "Finite element analysis of vent/hand hole designs for corrugated fibreboard boxes".
1965:
1849:
1081:
863:
1608:
2179:
2063:
2025:
1955:
1945:
883:
743:
670:
585:
248:
1950:
1819:
1418:
838:
808:
698:
1980:
1603:
1523:
1383:
911:
548:
58:
1699:
1408:
1111:
843:
823:
93:
2128:
2078:
2058:
2005:
1338:
1288:
1011:
1006:
665:
655:
402:
Braglia, Maracello; Frosolini, Montanari (January 2003). "Fuzzy logic controller in a packaging plant".
253:
243:
216:
172:
2098:
1960:
1488:
803:
635:
320:
1985:
1794:
1593:
1433:
1313:
773:
258:
132:
62:
Engineers developing methods of molding packaging components from renewable resources such as straw
35:
311:
Merali, Zeeya (17 June 2011), "Origami
Engineer Flexes to Create Stronger, More Agile Materials",
66:
2169:
2150:
2113:
2073:
1925:
1834:
1799:
1749:
1634:
1343:
1213:
1183:
1121:
858:
758:
738:
733:
640:
541:
473:
200:
184:
180:
51:
2118:
2103:
1975:
1895:
1890:
1804:
1779:
1764:
1744:
1714:
1694:
1573:
1543:
1378:
951:
833:
793:
675:
660:
615:
590:
521:
336:
128:
105:
101:
456:
Johnston, R.G. (July 1997). "Effective
Vulnerability Assessment of Tamper-Indicating Seals".
278:
2133:
2123:
1940:
1769:
1724:
1684:
1674:
1538:
1453:
1233:
1131:
1026:
1001:
916:
868:
813:
645:
610:
595:
580:
500:
465:
438:
411:
384:
328:
233:
136:
2093:
2088:
2068:
1990:
1910:
1865:
1829:
1784:
1719:
1689:
1443:
1428:
1333:
1228:
1126:
723:
620:
238:
204:
324:
30:
2053:
2048:
2020:
1870:
1844:
1839:
1729:
1649:
1639:
1553:
1528:
1498:
1458:
1273:
1208:
1151:
1056:
1041:
1021:
931:
783:
778:
703:
208:
2163:
2010:
1905:
1875:
1824:
1814:
1759:
1739:
1548:
1518:
1463:
1188:
1051:
798:
625:
605:
477:
124:
296:
Johnson, C (1995). "In-House
Testing of Computer Packaging". In Fiedler, R M (ed.).
17:
1654:
1583:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1478:
1413:
1318:
1198:
1178:
1171:
1161:
1156:
1061:
986:
956:
921:
888:
788:
763:
332:
530:
Hanlon, Kelsey, and
Forcinio, "Handbook of Package Engineering", CRC Press, 1998
520:
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of
Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
1935:
1900:
1774:
1563:
1438:
1423:
1388:
1368:
1358:
1328:
1298:
1278:
1223:
1146:
961:
893:
878:
828:
713:
188:
156:
46:
39:
2015:
1995:
1885:
1754:
1679:
1568:
1483:
1348:
1308:
1283:
1248:
1218:
1141:
1116:
1066:
936:
768:
753:
728:
708:
650:
176:
168:
2108:
1915:
1709:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1533:
1508:
1353:
1238:
1193:
1136:
903:
748:
680:
564:
228:
212:
148:
120:
109:
97:
75:
340:
1930:
1880:
1789:
1659:
1618:
1448:
1373:
1363:
1268:
1203:
1106:
1091:
1036:
976:
853:
818:
718:
192:
163:
disciplines while some have college degrees specializing in this field.
1669:
1664:
1613:
1323:
1071:
926:
152:
116:
469:
27:
Broad topic ranging from design conceptualization to product placement
2083:
1468:
1166:
1031:
996:
991:
966:
946:
160:
504:
442:
415:
388:
353:
1473:
1393:
1293:
1016:
65:
57:
45:
29:
1303:
1243:
981:
196:
537:
1398:
1101:
1096:
1086:
971:
941:
533:
70:
Package design involves interactions of several factors
2039:
1858:
1627:
1257:
902:
689:
571:
601:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
549:
8:
1735:Hazard analysis and critical control points
556:
542:
534:
1645:Automatic identification and data capture
354:"Packaging Directory-Packaging Schools"
269:
7:
1047:Flexible intermediate bulk container
151:engineers have backgrounds in other
2031:Vertical form fill sealing machine
25:
2001:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
849:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
458:Journal of Testing and Evaluation
298:Distribution Packaging Technology
167:industry-specific topics such as
2145:
2144:
1971:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
493:Packaging Technology and Science
431:Packaging Technology and Science
404:Packaging Technology and Science
377:Packaging Technology and Science
1705:Electronic article surveillance
1559:Shock and vibration data logger
1404:Linear low-density polyethylene
1810:Radio-frequency identification
279:"Leftover Straw Gets New Life"
1:
1921:Extended core stretch wrapper
874:Single-serve coffee container
333:10.1126/science.332.6036.1376
1077:Insulated shipping container
1966:Material-handling equipment
1850:Verification and validation
1082:Intermediate bulk container
864:Self-heating food packaging
277:Wood, Marcia (April 2002).
2201:
1609:Time temperature indicator
2142:
2064:Environmental engineering
2026:Turntable stretch wrapper
1956:Lineshaft roller conveyor
1946:Injection molding machine
884:Toothpaste pump dispenser
744:Disposable food packaging
586:Child-resistant packaging
249:Manufacturing engineering
183:, labeling regulations,
1951:Label printer applicator
1820:Shearing (manufacturing)
1419:Low-density polyethylene
839:Pharmaceutical packaging
809:Low plastic water bottle
699:Alternative wine closure
2175:Engineering disciplines
1981:Orbital stretch wrapper
1604:Temperature data logger
1524:Pressure-sensitive tape
1384:Humidity indicator card
912:Aerosol spray dispenser
207:, packaging machinery,
119:). Packaging involves
2185:Industrial engineering
1700:Die forming (plastics)
1409:Liquid packaging board
1112:Multilayered packaging
844:Plastic milk container
824:Optical disc packaging
139:in their evaluations.
94:industrial engineering
71:
63:
55:
43:
2129:Sustainable packaging
2079:Life-cycle assessment
2059:Closed-loop box reuse
2006:Seed-counting machine
1339:Corrugated fiberboard
1289:Biodegradable plastic
1012:Corrugated box design
666:Sustainable packaging
656:Shelf-ready packaging
631:Packaging engineering
283:Agricultural Research
254:Cutting stock problem
244:Engineering economics
217:computer-aided design
173:corrugated box design
69:
61:
49:
33:
2099:PET bottle recycling
1961:Logistics automation
1489:Plastic-coated paper
636:Resealable packaging
86:packaging technology
18:Packaging technology
2151:Category: Packaging
1986:Packaging machinery
1795:Product development
1594:Tamper-evident band
1434:Modified atmosphere
774:Foam food container
325:2011Sci...332.1376M
319:(6036): 1376–1377,
259:Bin packing problem
133:structural analysis
82:package engineering
36:modified atmosphere
2114:Reusable packaging
2074:Industrial ecology
1835:Ultrasonic welding
1800:Production control
1750:Injection moulding
1635:Aseptic processing
1344:Corrugated plastic
1214:Steel and tin cans
1184:Shipping container
1122:Packet (container)
859:Seasonal packaging
759:Evidence packaging
739:Currency packaging
734:Cosmetic packaging
641:Reusable packaging
201:quality management
185:project management
181:engineering design
72:
64:
56:
52:shipping container
44:
2157:
2156:
2119:Reverse logistics
2104:Plastic recycling
1976:Multihead weigher
1896:Cartoning machine
1891:Cap torque tester
1805:Quality assurance
1780:Plastic extrusion
1745:Induction sealing
1715:Extrusion coating
1574:Staple (fastener)
1544:Security printing
1379:Hot-melt adhesive
952:Biodegradable bag
794:Glass milk bottle
676:Tamper resistance
616:Package pilferage
591:Contract packager
526:978-0-470-08704-6
470:10.1520/jte11883j
356:. Packaging world
106:industrial design
102:materials science
90:packaging science
54:being drop tested
16:(Redirected from
2192:
2180:Packing problems
2148:
2147:
2134:Waste management
2124:Source reduction
1941:Industrial robot
1845:Vacuum packaging
1770:Package tracking
1725:Glass production
1685:Corona treatment
1675:Containerization
1539:Screw cap (wine)
1454:Oxygen scavenger
917:Aluminium bottle
869:Screw cap (wine)
814:Luxury packaging
646:Reuse of bottles
611:Package delivery
596:Edible packaging
581:Active packaging
558:
551:
544:
535:
509:
508:
488:
482:
481:
453:
447:
446:
426:
420:
419:
399:
393:
392:
372:
366:
365:
363:
361:
350:
344:
343:
308:
302:
301:
293:
287:
286:
274:
234:Packing problems
137:thermal analysis
21:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2138:
2094:Paper recycling
2089:Packaging waste
2069:Glass recycling
2041:
2035:
1991:Pallet inverter
1911:Conveyor system
1866:Barcode printer
1854:
1830:Track and trace
1785:Plastic welding
1720:Flame treatment
1690:Curtain coating
1623:
1444:Nonwoven fabric
1429:Metallised film
1334:Container glass
1261:
1259:
1253:
1229:Tub (container)
1127:Padded envelope
898:
724:Case-ready meat
691:
685:
621:Package testing
573:
567:
562:
517:
512:
505:10.1002/pts.741
490:
489:
485:
455:
454:
450:
443:10.1002/pts.553
428:
427:
423:
416:10.1002/pts.608
401:
400:
396:
389:10.1002/pts.821
374:
373:
369:
359:
357:
352:
351:
347:
310:
309:
305:
295:
294:
290:
276:
275:
271:
267:
239:Queueing theory
225:
205:package testing
145:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Can collecting
2051:
2049:Biodegradation
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Tape dispenser
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Barcode reader
1868:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Vacuum forming
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1730:Graphic design
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Blow fill seal
1647:
1642:
1640:Authentication
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Shock detector
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Pump dispenser
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Plastic pallet
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1459:Package handle
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:Aluminium foil
1271:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1209:Stand-up pouch
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1152:Plastic bottle
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:Folding carton
1054:
1049:
1044:
1042:Euro container
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Disposable cup
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Antistatic bag
929:
924:
919:
914:
908:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
784:Fuel container
781:
779:Food packaging
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
704:Ammunition box
701:
695:
693:
687:
686:
684:
683:
678:
673:
671:Tamper-evident
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
575:
569:
568:
563:
561:
560:
553:
546:
538:
532:
531:
528:
516:
513:
511:
510:
483:
448:
437:(5): 183–225.
421:
394:
383:(7): 417–423.
367:
345:
303:
288:
268:
266:
263:
262:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
224:
221:
209:tamper-evident
144:
141:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2197:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2152:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Shrink tunnel
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Check weigher
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Bottling line
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Thermoforming
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Roll slitting
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Laser cutting
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Hermetic seal
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Security tape
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Polypropylene
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Packaging gas
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:Shipping tube
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Flexible tank
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
905:
901:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
694:
688:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Package theft
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:Overpackaging
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
576:
570:
566:
559:
554:
552:
547:
545:
540:
539:
536:
529:
527:
523:
519:
518:
514:
506:
502:
498:
494:
487:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
398:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
371:
368:
355:
349:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
307:
304:
299:
292:
289:
284:
280:
273:
270:
264:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:thermoforming
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
77:
68:
60:
53:
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
2040:Environment,
1655:Blow molding
1584:Stretch wrap
1514:Polyethylene
1504:Plastic wrap
1494:Plastic film
1479:Paper pallet
1414:Living hinge
1319:Coated paper
1199:Spray bottle
1179:Security bag
1172:Water sachet
1162:Salvage drum
1157:Retort pouch
1062:Glass bottle
957:Blister pack
922:Aluminum can
889:Water bottle
789:Gas cylinder
764:Field ration
661:Shelf-stable
630:
515:Bibliography
499:(1): 39–47.
496:
492:
486:
461:
457:
451:
434:
430:
424:
410:(1): 21–35.
407:
403:
397:
380:
376:
370:
358:. Retrieved
348:
316:
312:
306:
297:
291:
282:
272:
165:
146:
114:
89:
85:
81:
74:
73:
1936:Heat sealer
1901:Case sealer
1775:Papermaking
1695:Die cutting
1660:Calendering
1564:Shrink wrap
1439:Molded pulp
1424:Meat diaper
1389:Kraft paper
1369:Foam peanut
1359:Double seam
1329:Coextrusion
1299:Bubble wrap
1279:Bail handle
1224:Thermal bag
1147:Plastic bag
962:Boil-in-bag
894:Wine bottle
879:Spray paint
834:Popcorn bag
829:Oyster pail
714:Beer bottle
189:food safety
171:stability,
157:engineering
78:engineering
40:plastic bag
2164:Categories
2016:Staple gun
1996:Palletizer
1886:Can seamer
1755:Lamination
1680:Converting
1569:Slip sheet
1484:Paperboard
1349:Cushioning
1309:Cellophane
1284:Bioplastic
1262:components
1249:Wooden box
1219:Tetra Brik
1142:Paper sack
1117:Multi-pack
1067:Gunny sack
937:Bag-in-box
904:Containers
769:Flour sack
754:Egg carton
729:Coffee bag
709:Banana box
651:Shelf life
464:(4): 451.
177:cushioning
169:shelf life
42:of carrots
2170:Packaging
2109:Recycling
1916:Drum pump
1859:Machinery
1710:Extrusion
1628:Processes
1599:Tear tape
1589:Susceptor
1579:Strapping
1534:Screw cap
1509:Polyester
1354:Desiccant
1258:Materials
1239:Unit load
1194:Skin pack
1137:Paper bag
1007:Clamshell
749:Drink can
681:Wrap rage
565:Packaging
478:111289045
229:Packaging
213:recycling
211:methods,
149:packaging
143:Education
121:extrusion
110:logistics
98:marketing
76:Packaging
50:Military
2042:post-use
1931:Heat gun
1881:Calender
1790:Printing
1619:Velostat
1614:Tinplate
1449:Overwrap
1374:Gel pack
1364:Flip-top
1269:Adhesive
1204:Squround
1107:Mesh bag
1092:Jerrycan
1037:Envelope
977:Bulk box
854:Sand bag
819:Milk bag
804:Juicebox
719:Box wine
692:packages
341:21680824
223:See also
193:robotics
34:Testing
1765:Molding
1670:Coating
1665:Canning
1324:Coating
1314:Closure
1072:Inhaler
927:Ampoule
799:Growler
690:Product
572:General
321:Bibcode
313:Science
300:. IoPP.
219:, etc.
153:science
129:molding
117:origami
80:, also
2149:
2084:Litter
1926:Filler
1469:Pallet
1167:Sachet
1032:Endcap
997:Carton
992:Carboy
967:Bottle
947:Barrel
574:topics
524:
476:
360:14 Feb
339:
199:tags,
161:design
1474:Paper
1394:Label
1294:BoPET
1017:Crate
474:S2CID
265:Notes
159:, or
147:Some
38:in a
1304:Bung
1244:Vial
1234:Tube
1132:Pail
1027:Drum
1002:Chub
987:Case
982:Cage
522:ISBN
362:2015
337:PMID
197:RFID
135:and
108:and
88:and
1399:Lid
1260:and
1102:Keg
1097:Jug
1087:Jar
972:Box
942:Bag
501:doi
466:doi
439:doi
412:doi
385:doi
329:doi
317:332
100:,
96:,
2166::
497:20
495:.
472:.
462:25
460:.
435:14
433:.
408:16
406:.
381:21
379:.
335:,
327:,
315:,
281:.
215:,
203:,
195:,
191:,
187:,
179:,
175:,
155:,
127:,
123:,
104:,
84:,
557:e
550:t
543:v
507:.
503::
480:.
468::
445:.
441::
418:.
414::
391:.
387::
364:.
331::
323::
285:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
