1722:
2134:
2125:
1519:
2605:
331:(sometimes called Langki), documented in Shintani (2016), is one of the Kayan languages belonging to the Kakhaung subgroup. It is spoken only in one village.
2376:
700:
1436:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 138. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1423:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 137. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1410:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 136. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1397:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 135. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1384:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 134. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1371:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 133. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1358:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 132. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1345:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 130. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1332:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 129. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1319:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 128. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1306:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 125. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1293:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 124. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1280:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 123. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1267:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 122. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1254:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 120. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1241:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 118. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1228:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 106. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
1215:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 109. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
751:
2662:
1512:
729:
2598:
1481:
1449:. Paper presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, held May 17–19, 2018 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
1721:
1476:. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA). Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
2369:
2246:
845:
1505:
873:
1190:
1168:
1146:
1124:
1102:
1080:
1058:
1036:
2591:
1490:
824:
2251:
1907:
2804:
2690:
2304:
859:
1952:
1590:
2728:
2297:
1874:
882:
817:
652:
3584:
2362:
898:
760:
641:
526:
519:
2197:
1644:
1565:
533:
3416:
1694:
2278:
1881:
831:
1942:
3461:
3267:
3056:
2517:
2272:
2058:
609:
602:
540:
85:
20:
2025:
3310:
2974:
2900:
2571:
2318:
2311:
2091:
1528:
983:
969:
964:
959:
921:
916:
911:
616:
79:
3383:
347:
are documented in
Shintani (2018a, b). Shintani has also documented:by families or by villages as below:
3563:
3373:
3168:
2535:
2261:
2211:
1767:
744:
714:
673:
666:
197:. The Kayan dialects share more than 90% lexical similarity. Padaung is 71% to 76% lexically similar to
3214:
3049:
3044:
2877:
2827:
2614:
2545:
2540:
2073:
1919:
1865:
623:
194:
52:
3515:
3234:
3039:
3034:
2741:
2681:
2527:
2485:
2443:
2256:
1846:
1673:
1604:
719:
633:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
3438:
3126:
3029:
2984:
2550:
2480:
2097:
1706:
1572:
682:
484:
3538:
3406:
3244:
3136:
2852:
2784:
2385:
2205:
2165:
2143:
2108:
2102:
2067:
2005:
1999:
1979:
1773:
1761:
1744:
1652:
1598:
1578:
852:
774:
Voiced stops /b, d/ can also range to pre-glottalized stops in free variation among speakers.
595:
499:
489:
3533:
3525:
3510:
3505:
3495:
3487:
3466:
3396:
3391:
3368:
3353:
3295:
3285:
3178:
3111:
3011:
2979:
2933:
2857:
2842:
2766:
2628:
2422:
2399:
2226:
2186:
2156:
2130:
2080:
2038:
1947:
1924:
1817:
1804:
1797:
1754:
1679:
1542:
692:
479:
474:
3543:
3456:
3229:
3198:
3183:
3173:
3116:
2969:
2948:
2923:
2913:
2908:
2832:
2789:
2713:
2649:
2633:
2490:
2218:
2172:
2031:
1913:
1852:
1686:
1633:
1624:
1610:
839:
660:
494:
272:
251:
238:
210:
91:
71:
2837:
3500:
3451:
3424:
3343:
3290:
3280:
3275:
3188:
3151:
3121:
3006:
2953:
2928:
2847:
2822:
2817:
2794:
2774:
2751:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2464:
2448:
2288:
2266:
2180:
2149:
2085:
2045:
2019:
1993:
1970:
1893:
1839:
1811:
1780:
1658:
1584:
867:
506:
259:
198:
186:
122:
780:/Éľ/ is heard as a glide in syllable-medial position. It is heard as a tap elsewhere.
165:
3578:
3401:
3363:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3239:
3224:
3219:
3160:
3103:
3066:
2943:
2938:
2918:
2812:
2779:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2012:
1934:
1700:
1665:
1617:
942:
799:
512:
19:
For the unrelated "Kayan" dialect cluster spoken by the Kayan people of Borneo, see
3193:
3141:
3131:
3093:
2891:
2718:
1986:
1902:
1858:
1787:
547:
129:
1198:
1176:
1154:
1132:
1110:
1088:
1066:
1044:
3446:
3300:
3021:
2998:
2332:
1547:
937:
794:
432:
296:
288:
276:
255:
229:
220:
3333:
3258:
2672:
1019:
1014:
947:
811:
804:
292:
263:
214:
3085:
2347:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
2325:
1966:
1731:
1538:
976:
954:
906:
890:
225:
158:
142:
149:
234:
1497:
2583:
1827:
436:
3074:
1740:
1555:
2354:
1736:
1551:
431:, a Kayan variety spoken in Wanbanbalo village, Dimawso township,
247:
190:
42:
299:. There are four branches according to Shintani (2016), namely:
2587:
2358:
1501:
994:
Sounds /ɨ, a, ə, u/ phonetically range to in free variation.
777:/θ/ shows fluctuation to in some closely related dialects.
997:
Breathiness is also evenly distributed among all sounds.
3556:
3524:
3486:
3479:
3437:
3415:
3382:
3309:
3266:
3257:
3207:
3159:
3150:
3102:
3084:
3065:
3020:
2997:
2962:
2899:
2890:
2870:
2803:
2765:
2727:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2658:
2642:
2621:
2563:
2526:
2510:
2503:
2473:
2457:
2431:
2415:
2408:
2392:
2287:
2239:
2196:
2124:
2057:
1965:
1933:
1891:
1826:
1729:
1643:
1536:
156:
140:
135:
119:
68:
58:
48:
38:
28:
1447:Preliminary phonology of Dimawso Kayan, Myanmar
422:Ramaku, Subao, Kadu, Huason, Hanti, Sonpu Kayan
2599:
2370:
1513:
8:
3483:
3263:
3156:
2896:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2606:
2592:
2584:
2507:
2412:
2377:
2363:
2355:
2193:
2054:
1888:
1640:
1520:
1506:
1498:
25:
1474:A handbook of comparative Kayan languages
928:
788:
468:
1007:
7:
1494:. Master’s thesis, Payap University.
1485:. Master’s thesis, Payap University.
1482:A Descriptive Grammar of Kayah Monu
445:lists Padaung (Kayan) dialects as:
1195:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1173:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1151:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1129:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1107:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1085:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1063:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1041:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
287:The Kayan languages are spoken in
14:
897:
881:
872:
858:
851:
844:
830:
823:
816:
759:
750:
728:
699:
681:
672:
665:
651:
640:
622:
615:
608:
601:
583:
576:
569:
562:
546:
539:
532:
525:
518:
449:Standard Pekon (prestige dialect)
1720:
337:is documented in Manson (2010).
1463:. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
455:Kayan Kangan (Yeinbaw, Yinbaw)
439:, is described in Lew (2018).
16:Kayan language spoken in Burma
1:
1304:The Dokhoncon Kayan language
815:
1434:The Kalondei Kayan language
269:Kayan Yinbaw/Kangan dialect
3601:
1472:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2020.
1432:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2021.
1419:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2021.
1406:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2021.
1393:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2021.
1380:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2021.
1367:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2021.
1354:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2021.
1343:The Sonplao Kayan language
1341:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2020.
1328:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2020.
1315:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2020.
1302:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2019.
1289:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2019.
1276:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2019.
1263:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2019.
1252:The Dosanbu Kayan language
1237:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2018.
1224:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2015.
1211:Shintani, Tadahiko. 2016.
18:
2342:
1718:
1421:The Kathan Kayan language
1382:The Diklon Kayan language
1369:The Thaoku Kayan language
1317:The Natwei Kayan language
1265:The Phulon Kayan language
1250:Shintani Tadahiko. 2018.
1239:The Sonkan Kayan language
896:
713:
691:
659:
632:
505:
471:
33:
1491:A Grammar of Kayan Lahta
1488:Ywar, Naw Hsa Eh. 2013.
1408:The Kabla Kayan language
1395:The Pulon Kayan language
1356:The Dolan Kayan language
1330:The Pimon Kayan language
1291:The Totan Kayan language
1278:The Lagu Kayan language
1025:(subscription required)
283:Internal classification
21:Kayan language (Borneo)
1197:. 2016. Archived from
1175:. 2016. Archived from
1153:. 2016. Archived from
1131:. 2016. Archived from
1109:. 2016. Archived from
1087:. 2016. Archived from
1065:. 2016. Archived from
1043:. 2016. Archived from
3564:Burmese sign language
3374:Southwestern Mandarin
2643:Semiofficial language
2536:Northern Pwo (Phlong)
2247:Central Tibeto-Burman
1479:Aung, Wai Lin. 2013.
1461:Pekon Kayan phonology
312:("highland dwellers")
2659:Indigenous languages
2615:Languages of Myanmar
1459:Manson, Ken (2007).
1445:Lew, Sigrid (2018).
306:("lowland dwellers")
2546:Eastern Pwo (Phlou)
2305:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
1213:The Nangki language
931:
275:area, northwestern
244:Kayan Lahwi dialect
64:500,000 (2005)
3488:Immigrant language
2622:Official languages
2298:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
2240:Proposed groupings
1226:The Kadaw language
929:
3585:Karenic languages
3572:
3571:
3552:
3551:
3475:
3474:
3433:
3432:
3253:
3252:
2993:
2992:
2886:
2885:
2866:
2865:
2581:
2580:
2559:
2558:
2499:
2498:
2386:Karenic languages
2352:
2351:
2235:
2234:
2120:
2119:
1961:
1960:
1716:
1715:
1023:(18th ed., 2015)
991:
990:
927:
926:
771:
770:
747:
722:
598:
559:
515:
177:, also known as,
172:
171:
3592:
3526:Working language
3484:
3264:
3157:
2897:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2508:
2413:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2356:
2194:
2055:
1889:
1724:
1641:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1499:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1320:
1313:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1012:
985:
971:
966:
961:
932:
923:
918:
913:
901:
885:
876:
862:
855:
848:
834:
827:
820:
789:
763:
754:
743:
732:
720:
703:
685:
676:
669:
655:
644:
626:
619:
612:
605:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
555:
550:
543:
536:
529:
522:
511:
469:
193:, spoken by the
168:
152:
145:
125:
74:
26:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3548:
3520:
3471:
3429:
3411:
3378:
3305:
3249:
3203:
3146:
3098:
3080:
3061:
3016:
2989:
2958:
2882:
2862:
2799:
2761:
2723:
2663:state or region
2660:
2654:
2638:
2617:
2612:
2582:
2577:
2555:
2522:
2495:
2469:
2453:
2439:Padaung (Kayan)
2427:
2423:Kayah (Karenni)
2404:
2388:
2383:
2353:
2348:
2338:
2289:Proto-languages
2283:
2231:
2198:Greater Siangic
2192:
2129:
2116:
2053:
1957:
1929:
1887:
1831:
1822:
1734:
1725:
1712:
1645:Greater Magaric
1639:
1566:West Himalayish
1546:
1532:
1526:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1232:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1013:
1009:
1004:
787:
483:
467:
462:
424:(Shintani 2022)
367:Dokhoncon Kayan
295:, and northern
285:
239:Mandalay Region
207:
164:
148:
141:
126:
121:
115:
92:Karen languages
75:
72:Language family
70:
61:
60:Native speakers
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3598:
3596:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3557:Sign languages
3554:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3481:
3480:Non-Indigenous
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2565:
2564:Proto-language
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2279:Tibeto-Kanauri
2276:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:Kuki-Chin–Naga
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2140:
2138:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1971:Southeast Asia
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1908:Angami–Pochuri
1905:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1832:Burmese border
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1750:
1748:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1559:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1451:
1438:
1425:
1412:
1399:
1386:
1373:
1360:
1347:
1334:
1321:
1308:
1295:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1243:
1230:
1217:
1204:
1201:on 2016-10-10.
1182:
1179:on 2016-10-10.
1160:
1157:on 2016-10-10.
1138:
1135:on 2016-10-10.
1116:
1113:on 2016-10-10.
1094:
1091:on 2016-10-10.
1072:
1069:on 2016-10-10.
1050:
1047:on 2016-10-10.
1028:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
989:
988:
986:
981:
979:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
925:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
902:
895:
893:
887:
886:
879:
877:
870:
864:
863:
856:
849:
842:
836:
835:
828:
821:
814:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
775:
769:
768:
766:
764:
757:
755:
748:
740:
739:
737:
735:
733:
726:
724:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
704:
697:
695:
689:
688:
686:
679:
677:
670:
663:
657:
656:
649:
647:
645:
638:
636:
630:
629:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
591:
590:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
552:
551:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
477:
472:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
453:
450:
426:
425:
419:
417:Kalondei Kayan
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
326:
325:
319:
313:
307:
284:
281:
280:
279:
266:
250:and northwest
241:
232:
223:
217:
206:
203:
187:Karen language
170:
169:
162:
154:
153:
146:
138:
137:
136:Language codes
133:
132:
127:
123:Writing system
120:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
40:
39:Native to
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3597:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:Austroasiatic
3265:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2574:
2573:
2572:Proto-Karenic
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2319:Proto-Karenic
2316:
2314:
2313:
2312:Proto-Loloish
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2273:Tibeto-Burman
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2059:Burmo-Qiangic
2056:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1953:Jingpho–Luish
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:Baram–Thangmi
1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1001:
996:
993:
992:
987:
982:
980:
978:
975:
974:
968:
963:
958:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
933:
920:
915:
910:
908:
905:
904:
900:
894:
892:
889:
888:
884:
880:
878:
875:
871:
869:
866:
865:
861:
857:
854:
850:
847:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
829:
826:
822:
819:
813:
810:
809:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:
784:
779:
776:
773:
772:
767:
765:
762:
758:
756:
753:
749:
746:
742:
741:
738:
736:
734:
731:
727:
725:
723:
718:
716:
712:
709:
707:
705:
702:
698:
696:
694:
690:
687:
684:
680:
678:
675:
671:
668:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
648:
646:
643:
639:
637:
635:
631:
628:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
600:
597:
593:
592:
589:
586:
582:
579:
575:
572:
568:
565:
561:
558:
554:
553:
549:
545:
542:
538:
535:
531:
528:
524:
521:
517:
514:
510:
508:
504:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
481:
478:
476:
473:
470:
464:
459:
454:
451:
448:
447:
446:
444:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:Dimawso Kayan
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Sonplao Kayan
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
348:
346:
345:Dosanbu Kayan
342:
338:
336:
332:
330:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
300:
298:
294:
290:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
240:
236:
233:
231:
227:
224:
222:
219:northwestern
218:
216:
212:
209:
208:
204:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:Padaung Karen
180:
176:
167:
163:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
144:
139:
134:
131:
128:
124:
118:
104:
101:
100:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
87:
86:Tibeto-Burman
83:
82:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
3358:
3311:Sino-Tibetan
3169:Khiamniungan
2901:Sino-Tibetan
2570:
2438:
2344:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2271:
2217:
2210:
2185:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2148:
2107:
2092:Lolo-Burmese
2090:
2066:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1912:
1880:
1873:
1864:
1857:
1845:
1838:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1760:
1753:
1705:
1699:
1685:
1678:
1664:
1657:
1632:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1597:
1583:
1571:
1564:
1529:Sino-Tibetan
1489:
1480:
1473:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1212:
1207:
1199:the original
1194:
1185:
1177:the original
1172:
1163:
1155:the original
1150:
1141:
1133:the original
1128:
1119:
1111:the original
1106:
1097:
1089:the original
1084:
1075:
1067:the original
1062:
1053:
1045:the original
1040:
1031:
1018:
1010:
442:
441:
428:
427:
421:
416:
412:Kathan Kayan
411:
406:
401:
397:Diklon Kayan
396:
392:Thaoku Kayan
391:
386:
381:
376:
372:Natwei Kayan
371:
366:
361:
356:
352:Phulon Kayan
351:
344:
341:Sonkan Kayan
340:
339:
335:Pekong Kayan
334:
333:
328:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
286:
268:
243:
205:Distribution
195:Kayan people
182:
178:
174:
173:
157:
102:
80:Sino-Tibetan
53:Kayan people
3439:Tanintharyi
3215:Akyaung Ari
3057:S’gaw Karen
2878:Anu-Hkongso
2541:Western Pwo
2474:Western Bwe
2333:Proto-Hakka
2262:Mahakiranti
1768:East Bodish
1548:Uttarakhand
930:Nasal coda
715:Approximant
452:Kayan Lahwi
433:Kayah State
407:Kabla Kayan
402:Pulon Kayan
387:Dolan Kayan
377:Pimon Kayan
362:Totan Kayan
297:Karen State
291:, southern
289:Kayah State
277:Kayah State
262:, southern
258:; southern
256:Kayah State
230:Kayin State
221:Kayah State
213:, southern
3516:Vietnamese
3425:Hmong Njua
3417:Hmong–Mien
3334:Geko Karen
3235:Long Phuri
3077:(Taungtha)
3035:Geba Karen
2742:Hakha Chin
2227:Idu–Taraon
2181:Miju–Meyor
2074:Gyalrongic
1920:Tangkhulic
1695:Raji–Raute
1020:Ethnologue
1002:References
907:Diphthongs
465:Consonants
443:Ethnologue
357:Lagu Kayan
293:Shan State
264:Shan State
237:township,
228:township,
215:Shan State
96:Sgaw–Bghai
3127:Mro-Khimi
3030:Bwe Karen
2985:Tai Laing
2682:Kuki-Chin
2326:Proto-Min
2257:Macro-Bai
2135:Arunachal
2128:(possible
1943:Boro–Garo
1847:Kuki-Chin
1830:and Indo-
1745:Arunachal
1732:Himalayas
1707:Tandrange
1674:Chepangic
1605:Dhimalish
1539:Himalayas
1191:"Myanmar"
1169:"Myanmar"
1147:"Myanmar"
1125:"Myanmar"
1103:"Myanmar"
1081:"Myanmar"
1059:"Myanmar"
1037:"Myanmar"
634:Fricative
557:aspirated
513:voiceless
460:Phonology
324:("North")
318:("South")
226:Thandaung
159:Glottolog
143:ISO 639-3
49:Ethnicity
3579:Category
3539:Japanese
3407:Tai Nuea
3245:Tangkhul
3137:Rohingya
2853:Thaiphum
2805:Southern
2785:Senthang
2691:Northern
2504:Southern
2393:Northern
2131:isolates
2098:Mondzish
2026:Cai–Long
1774:Tshangla
1730:Eastern
1573:Tamangic
1543:Himachal
1537:Western
1531:branches
840:High-mid
485:Alveolar
310:Kakhaung
235:Pyinmana
166:kaya1315
3534:English
3511:Russian
3506:Punjabi
3496:Burmese
3467:Tavoyan
3397:Tai Lue
3384:Kra–Dai
3369:Taungyo
3359:Padaung
3296:Tai Loi
3286:Palaung
3179:Leinong
3152:Sagaing
3112:Rakhine
3104:Rakhine
3050:Western
3045:Eastern
3012:Karenni
2980:Palaung
2934:Lhao Vo
2858:Welaung
2843:Songlai
2729:Central
2650:English
2634:English
2629:Burmese
2409:Central
2345:Italics
2206:Siangic
2187:Songlin
2166:Kho-Bwa
2144:Hrusish
2126:Dubious
2109:Loloish
2103:Burmish
2068:Qiangic
2039:Longjia
2006:Karenic
2000:Nungish
1980:Sinitic
1866:Hkongso
1828:Myanmar
1798:Gongduk
1762:Tibetic
1680:Chepang
1653:Magaric
1599:Kiranti
1579:Newaric
1015:Padaung
943:Central
868:Low-mid
800:Central
745:central
721:lateral
507:Plosive
500:Glottal
490:Palatal
437:Myanmar
273:Dimawso
252:Dimawso
185:) is a
179:Padaung
103:Padaung
29:Padaung
3544:Korean
3457:Moklen
3230:Makury
3199:Tangsa
3184:Makyam
3174:Konyak
3117:Chakma
3075:Rungtu
3067:Magway
2970:Khamti
2949:Rawang
2924:Jingpo
2909:Achang
2892:Kachin
2833:Nga La
2790:Zotung
2767:Maraic
2714:Thadou
2491:Blimaw
2219:Milang
2173:Puroik
2157:Mijiic
2081:Ersuic
2032:Caijia
1948:Konyak
1914:Meitei
1818:Chamdo
1755:Bodish
1741:Bhutan
1687:Bhujel
1634:Lepcha
1625:Lhokpu
1611:Dhimal
1556:Sikkim
785:Vowels
693:Rhotic
596:voiced
480:Dental
475:Labial
329:Nangki
304:Kangan
260:Pekhon
211:Pekhon
3501:Hindi
3462:S’gaw
3452:Moken
3447:Malay
3344:Lahta
3339:Intha
3291:Riang
3281:Danau
3276:Blang
3208:Other
3189:Ponyo
3122:Laitu
3022:Kayin
3007:Kayaw
2999:Kayah
2963:Other
2954:Zaiwa
2929:Lashi
2914:Drung
2871:Other
2848:Sumtu
2828:Kʼchò
2823:Khumi
2818:Kaang
2795:Zyphe
2775:Lautu
2752:Ngawn
2709:Tedim
2704:Siyin
2699:Falam
2551:Phrae
2518:S'gaw
2511:S'gaw
2465:Kayaw
2458:Kayaw
2449:Lahta
2432:Kayan
2416:Kayah
2150:Hruso
2046:Luren
2020:Kathu
1994:Tujia
1882:Taman
1853:Mruic
1840:Karbi
1781:Basum
1737:Tibet
1659:Magar
1585:Newar
1552:Nepal
938:Front
795:Front
661:Nasal
495:Velar
322:Latha
248:Lahwi
199:Lahta
191:Burma
175:Kayan
130:Latin
99:Bghai
43:Burma
34:Kayan
3402:Shan
3392:KhĂĽn
3364:Pyen
3354:Pa’o
3349:Lahu
3329:Danu
3324:Akha
3319:Akeu
3259:Shan
3240:Para
3225:Koki
3220:Anal
2975:NĂąng
2944:Nusu
2939:Lisu
2919:Hpon
2813:Daai
2780:Mara
2757:Tawr
2747:Mizo
2737:Bawm
2673:Chin
2661:(by
2486:Geba
2444:Geko
2400:Pa'O
2267:Rung
2212:Koro
2086:Naic
2013:Gong
1969:and
1967:East
1925:Zeme
1894:Naga
1812:Tani
1805:ĘĽOle
1701:Dura
1666:Kham
1618:Toto
948:Back
812:High
805:Back
343:and
316:Lawi
3194:Sak
3161:Sal
3142:Sak
3132:Mru
3094:Mon
3086:Mon
3040:Pwo
2838:Shö
2528:Pwo
2481:Bwe
2133:) (
1987:Bai
1935:Sal
1875:Pyu
1859:Mru
1788:Nam
1017:at
977:Low
955:Mid
891:Low
189:of
181:or
150:pdu
3581::
3301:Wa
2719:Zo
1903:Ao
1743:,
1739:,
1554:,
1550:,
1193:.
1171:.
1149:.
1127:.
1105:.
1083:.
1061:.
1039:.
984:aŋ
970:oŋ
965:əŋ
960:eŋ
922:au
917:əɨ
912:ai
585:kĘ°
578:cĘ°
571:tĘ°
564:pĘ°
435:,
271::
254:,
246::
201:.
2665:)
2607:e
2600:t
2593:v
2378:e
2371:t
2364:v
2137:)
1896:"
1892:"
1791:?
1747:)
1735:(
1704:–
1558:)
1545:,
1541:(
1521:e
1514:t
1507:v
899:a
883:É”
874:É›
860:o
853:É™
846:e
832:u
825:ɨ
818:i
761:j
752:w
730:l
701:Éľ
683:Ĺ‹
674:n
667:m
653:h
642:θ
624:ɡ
617:Éź
610:d
603:b
548:Ę”
541:k
534:c
527:t
520:p
482:/
88:)
84:(
23:.
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