123:
45:
138:) appears, which develops into blisters. Irritation, including crusting and scaling, may last from two to three weeks. The pederin may unconsciously be transmitted to other parts of the body such as the eye and genitals after the initial contact. Conjunctivitis which is commonly known as Nairobi eye in eastern Africa occurs when the eyes are affected.
130:
Once pederin is on the skin from the initial beetle contact, it may also be spread elsewhere on the skin. "Kissing" or "mirror-image" lesions where two skin areas come in contact (for example, the elbow flexure) are often seen. Washing the hands and skin with soap and water is strongly recommended,
94:
Rove beetles do not bite or sting but cause skin irritations and blisters when accidentally brushed or crushed against the skin provoking them to release their coelemic fluid which contains a strong blistering chemical. The active agent in the coelemic fluid is commonly referred to as
141:
One study reported best results with a treatment regimen that combined topical steroids with oral antihistamines (first day) and antibiotics. The authors hypothesized that antibiotics were helpful because of the possible contamination of skin by pederin-producing bacteria.
1025:
869:
190:
is the name of a university town.) In a 2007 article titled 'Paederus
Dermatitis', two dermatologists from Sri Devaraj Medical College in Karnataka identified the Manipal bug as
685:
714:
248:. Whereas this disease is a rural difficulty in the south, mainly in villages or small towns, it is an urban problem in northern provinces along the
839:
544:
449:
873:
937:
954:
976:
Kamaladasa SD, Perera WD, Weeratunge L (January 1997). "An outbreak of paederus dermatitis in a suburban hospital in Sri Lanka".
689:
99:, although depending on the beetle species it may be one of several similar molecules including pederone and pseudopederin.
398:"Dermatitis linearis: vesicating dermatosis caused by paederus species (coleoptera: staphylinidae). Case series and review"
371:
366:
103:
721:
396:
Cressey, B. D.; Paniz-Mondolfi, A. E.; Rodríguez-Morales, A. J.; Ayala, J. M.; De Ascenção Da Silva AA (2013).
274:
846:
The 28 species thus far shown to produce such a toxin belong to three of the 14 genera of
Paederina, namely
465:
Gelmetti C, Grimalt R (January 1993). "Paederus dermatitis: an easy diagnosable but misdiagnosed eruption".
359:
262:
218:
134:
Initial skin contact with pederin shows no immediate result. Within 12–36 hours, however, a reddish rash (
232:
256:
122:
240:
178:
788:
1030:
1001:
490:
297:
827:
993:
933:
835:
808:
769:
667:
619:
551:
Pederin contacts human skin only when a beetle is brushed vigorously over the skin or crushed.
540:
482:
445:
419:
173:
In different parts of the world, different species of rove beetle cause
Paederus dermatitis:
985:
908:
800:
759:
657:
609:
601:
474:
409:
280:
199:
353:
260:
is responsible for outbreaks of dermatitis in
Queensland and the Northern Territory, and
962:
764:
747:
614:
589:
207:
111:
605:
1019:
989:
223:
203:
1005:
913:
896:
494:
333:
44:
932:(2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. p. 514.
534:
194:. They are also sometimes called "blister beetle", although rove beetles such as
114:, is also sometimes used to describe paederus dermatitis caused by rove beetles.
376:
269:
249:
107:
70:
563:
508:
414:
397:
182:, also known as the Manipal bug or MIT Police, occurs in the Indian state of
662:
645:
337:
317:
309:
301:
227:
183:
151:
66:
812:
773:
671:
623:
423:
997:
748:"Paederus dermatitis: an outbreak on a medical mission boat in the Amazon"
564:"Paederus Dermatitis - American Osteopathic College of Dermatology (AOCD)"
509:"Paederus Dermatitis - American Osteopathic College of Dermatology (AOCD)"
486:
341:
313:
305:
211:
150:
Three different genera of rove beetles, all members of the same subtribe
135:
75:
804:
478:
325:
289:
187:
167:
96:
244:
is probably the major agent that causes linear dermatitis in northern
321:
293:
106:", a term more properly used for the different dermatitis caused by
73:, a group that belongs to the insect order Coleoptera and the genus
901:
Journal of
Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
329:
121:
363:, a related beetle that causes severe pain when caught in the eye
245:
897:"Medically important beetles (insecta: coleoptera) of Iran"
79:. Other local names given to Paederus dermatitis include
872:. Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp. Archived from
650:
Indian
Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
65:, is a skin irritation resulting from contact with the
1026:
Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites of the skin
170:and is highly toxic, more potent than cobra venom.
28:
23:
752:The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
284:both cause dermatitis in Central and East Africa.
688:. Institute of Tropical Medicine. Archived from
288:Paederus dermatitis has also been reported from
720:. US Army Public Health Command. Archived from
222:, also called "El podo," causes dermatitis in
787:Qadir SN, Raza N, Rahman SB (December 2006).
8:
131:if contact with a rove beetle has occurred.
590:"Blistering Beetle Dermatitis: An Outbreak"
440:Rapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007).
435:
433:
266:for outbreaks in southern New South Wales.
43:
20:
955:"Beware, the Nairobi fly is back in town"
912:
763:
709:
707:
661:
613:
413:
639:
637:
635:
633:
402:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
388:
789:"Paederus dermatitis in Sierra Leone"
7:
978:International Journal of Dermatology
895:Nikbakhtzadeh MR, Tirgari S (2008).
588:Verma CR, Agarwal S (January 2006).
928:Sutherland SK, Tibballs J (2001) .
594:Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
126:Paederus rove beetles, showing size
14:
715:"Just the facts…Paederus Beetles"
536:Medical and Veterinary Entomology
154:, can cause paederus dermatitis:
990:10.1046/j.1365-4362.1997.00009.x
914:10.1590/s1678-91992008000400004
539:. Academic Press. p. 102.
644:Singh G, Yousuf Ali S (2007).
467:European Journal of Pediatrics
1:
606:10.1016/S0377-1237(06)80154-1
533:Mullen GR, Durden LA (2009).
834:. Springer. pp. 1179–.
746:Mammino JJ (November 2011).
372:List of cutaneous conditions
166:. This irritant is called
1047:
832:Encyclopedia of entomology
793:Dermatology Online Journal
953:Okwemba A (27 May 2007).
442:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
415:10.1016/j.wem.2012.11.005
367:Blister beetle dermatitis
104:Blister beetle dermatitis
51:
42:
930:Australian Animal Toxins
830:. In Capinera JL (ed.).
275:Paederus crebrepunctatus
663:10.4103/0378-6323.30644
360:Anotylus tetracarinatus
332:(Perumbavoor, Kerala),
118:Diagnosis and treatment
263:Paederus cruenticollis
127:
89:Nairobi fly dermatitis
965:on 28 September 2007.
828:"Dermatitis linearis"
646:"Paederus dermatitis"
125:
61:, medically known as
692:on 26 September 2012
444:. St. Louis: Mosby.
219:Paederus brasilensis
146:Location and species
233:Paederus columbinus
198:are in a different
85:whiplash dermatitis
63:dermatitis linearis
59:Paederus dermatitis
52:Paederus dermatitis
37:Dermatitis linearis
24:Paederus dermatitis
805:10.5070/D38B58K49J
479:10.1007/BF02072506
257:Paederus australis
226:. There is also a
128:
841:978-1-4020-6242-1
826:Frank JS (2008).
686:"Blister Beetles"
546:978-0-08-053607-1
451:978-1-4160-2999-1
241:Paederus fuscipes
192:Paederus melampus
179:Paederus melampus
56:
55:
33:Linear dermatitis
18:Medical condition
1038:
1010:
1009:
973:
967:
966:
961:. Archived from
950:
944:
943:
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919:
918:
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886:
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881:
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859:
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816:
784:
778:
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767:
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737:
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734:
732:
727:on 16 March 2012
726:
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519:
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499:
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462:
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437:
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427:
417:
393:
281:Paederus sabaeus
47:
21:
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1037:
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1016:
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947:
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876:on 5 March 2007
870:"Ectoparasites"
868:
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507:
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464:
463:
459:
452:
439:
438:
431:
395:
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354:Amebiasis cutis
350:
148:
120:
112:blister beetles
19:
12:
11:
5:
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1042:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
968:
945:
938:
920:
907:(4): 597–618.
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861:
856:Megalopaederus
840:
818:
779:
738:
703:
677:
629:
580:
555:
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286:
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267:
253:
237:
215:
208:blister beetle
164:Megalopaederus
147:
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119:
116:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
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30:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
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939:0-19-550643-X
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411:
408:(2): 124–31.
407:
403:
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382:
378:
377:Carpet beetle
375:
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370:
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224:South America
221:
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209:
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204:Staphylinidae
201:
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34:
31:
27:
22:
16:
981:
977:
971:
963:the original
958:
948:
929:
923:
904:
900:
890:
878:. Retrieved
874:the original
864:
855:
851:
847:
845:
831:
821:
796:
792:
782:
758:(11): 44–6.
755:
751:
741:
729:. Retrieved
722:the original
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
680:
653:
649:
597:
593:
583:
571:. Retrieved
568:www.aocd.org
567:
558:
550:
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528:
516:. Retrieved
513:www.aocd.org
512:
503:
470:
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441:
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358:
334:Sierra Leone
287:
279:
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172:
163:
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155:
149:
140:
133:
129:
101:
93:
88:
84:
80:
74:
71:rove beetles
62:
58:
57:
36:
32:
15:
984:(1): 34–6.
656:(1): 13–5.
600:(1): 42–4.
270:Nairobi fly
250:Caspian Sea
206:) than the
196:P. melampus
108:cantharidin
81:spider-lick
69:of certain
29:Other names
1031:Paederinae
1020:Categories
959:The Nation
852:Paederidus
573:20 January
518:20 January
473:(1): 6–8.
383:References
228:Venezuelan
160:Paederidus
338:Sri Lanka
318:Singapore
310:Indonesia
302:Australia
230:species,
184:Karnataka
152:Paederina
67:hemolymph
1006:39540236
848:Paederus
813:17459295
799:(7): 9.
774:22125660
672:17314440
624:27407843
495:23226753
424:23352312
348:See also
342:Ethiopia
314:Thailand
306:Malaysia
212:Meloidae
156:Paederus
136:erythema
76:Paederus
998:9071612
765:3225135
731:30 July
696:27 July
615:4923299
487:8444208
326:Vietnam
298:Okinawa
290:Nigeria
210:family
188:Manipal
168:pederin
97:pederin
1004:
996:
936:
880:4 June
854:, and
838:
811:
772:
762:
670:
622:
612:
543:
493:
485:
448:
422:
322:Taiwan
294:France
252:shore.
200:family
162:, and
87:, and
1002:S2CID
725:(PDF)
718:(PDF)
491:S2CID
330:India
110:from
994:PMID
934:ISBN
882:2007
836:ISBN
809:PMID
770:PMID
733:2011
698:2011
668:PMID
620:PMID
575:2019
541:ISBN
520:2019
483:PMID
446:ISBN
420:PMID
340:and
278:and
246:Iran
986:doi
909:doi
801:doi
760:PMC
658:doi
610:PMC
602:doi
475:doi
471:152
410:doi
186:. (
35:or
1022::
1000:.
992:.
982:36
980:.
957:.
905:14
903:.
899:.
850:,
844:.
807:.
797:12
795:.
791:.
768:.
754:.
750:.
706:^
666:.
654:73
652:.
648:.
632:^
618:.
608:.
598:62
596:.
592:.
566:.
549:.
511:.
489:.
481:.
469:.
432:^
418:.
406:24
404:.
400:.
344:.
336:,
328:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
300:,
296:,
292:,
272::
158:,
91:.
83:,
1008:.
988::
942:.
917:.
911::
884:.
815:.
803::
776:.
756:4
735:.
700:.
674:.
660::
626:.
604::
577:.
522:.
497:.
477::
454:.
426:.
412::
236:.
214:.
202:(
102:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
