South Carolina in the American Civil War

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into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." The declaration goes on to state that this stipulation of the Constitution was so important to the original signers, "that without it that compact would not have been made." Laws from the "General Government" upheld this stipulation "for many years," the declaration says, but "an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery has led to a disregard of their obligations." Because the constitutional agreement had been "deliberately broken and disregarded by the non-slaveholding States," the consequence was that "South Carolina is released from her obligation" to be part of the Union.

1750:"I believe," said I, "there is but one State as proud as Virginia, and that is the fiery little State of South Carolina." "I have less respect for South Carolina," said he, "than for any other State in the Union. South Carolina troops were the worst troops in the Confederate army. It was South Carolina's self-conceit and bluster that caused the war." (So, State pride in another State than Virginia was only self-conceit.) "Yes," said I, "South Carolina began the war; but Virginia carried it on. If Virginia had thrown the weight of her very great power in the Union against secession, resort to arms would never have been necessary. She held a position which she has forfeited forever, because she was not true to it. By seceding she lost wealth, influence, slavery, and the blood of her bravest sons; and what has she gained?" 886:] upon the single idea that the African is equal to the Anglo-Saxon, and with the purpose of placing our slaves on equality with ourselves and our friends of every condition! and if we of South Carolina have aided in your deliverance from tyranny and degradation, as you suppose, it will only the more assure us that we have performed our duty to ourselves and our sisters in taking the first decided step to preserve an inheritance left us by an ancestry whose spirit would forbid its being tarnished by assassins. We, of South Carolina, hope soon to great you in a Southern Confederacy, where white men shall rule our destinies, and from which we may transmit to our posterity the rights, privileges and honor left us by our ancestors. 90: 1321:(1839 – 1915) was born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina. On May 13, 1863, he freed himself, his crew, and their families by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, and sailing it from Confederate-controlled waters of the harbor to the U.S. blockade that surrounded it. He then piloted the ship to the Union-controlled enclave in Beaufort–Port Royal–Hilton Head area, where it became a Union warship. His example and persuasion helped convince President Abraham Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army. After the war Smalls helped found the Republican Party in South Carolina and was elected five times to the U.S. Congress. 1210: 1339: 1578: 1461: 66: 1098:

let black men vote and tolerated abolitionist societies. According to South Carolina, states should not have the right to let their citizens assemble and speak freely when what they said threatened slavery. Other seceding states echoed South Carolina. "Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery — the greatest material interest of the world," proclaimed Mississippi in its own secession declaration, passed Jan. 9, 1861. "Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of the commerce of the earth.

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denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of Slavery; they have permitted the open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection.

976:. Although the declaration does argue that secession is justified on the grounds of U.S. "encroachments upon the reserved rights of the States," the grievances that the declaration goes on to list are mainly concerned with the property of rights of slave holders. Broadly speaking, the declaration argues that the U.S. Constitution was framed to establish each State "as an equal" in the Union, with "separate control over its own institutions", such as "the right of property in slaves." 1311: 376: 1525:

Carolinas resulted in the burning of Columbia and numerous other towns. The destruction his troops wrought upon South Carolina was even worse than in Georgia, because many of his soldiers bore a particular grudge against the state and its citizens, whom they blamed for starting the war. One of Sherman's men declared, "Here is where treason began and, by God, here is where it shall end!" Deprived of the free labor of the formerly enslaved,

1790: 277: 6622: 5988: 3307: 5998: 1426: 1227: 3317: 795:, stated that declaring secession would be necessary if a Republican candidate were to win the 1860 U.S. presidential election, stating that it was the only way for the state to preserve slavery and diminish the influence of the anti-slavery Republican Party, which, were its goals of abolition realized, would result in the "destruction of the South": 1939:"Resolution to Call the Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President a Hostile Act and to Communicate to Other Southern States South Carolina's Desire to Secede from the Union." 9 November 1860. Resolutions of the General Assembly, 1779–1879. S165018. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina. 987: 963: 949: 1524:

in Savannah, marched to Columbia and leveled most of the town, as well as a number of towns along the way and afterward. South Carolina lost 12,922 men to the war, 23% of its male white population of fighting age, and the highest percentage of any state in the nation. Sherman's 1865 march through the

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reprinted stories from New York papers that told of a naval expedition that had been sent southward toward Charleston. Lincoln advised the governor of South Carolina that the ships were sent to resupply the fort, not to reinforce it. The Carolinians could no longer wait if they hoped to take the fort

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South Carolina was further upset that New York no longer allowed "slavery transit." In the past, if Charleston gentry wanted to spend August in the Hamptons, they could bring their cook along. No longer — and South Carolina's delegates were outraged. In addition, they objected that New England states

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South Carolina cites, loosely, but with substantial accuracy, some of the language of the original Declaration. That Declaration does say that it is the right of the people to abolish any form of government that becomes destructive of the ends for which it was established. But South Carolina does not

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Mississippi declared its secession several weeks after South Carolina, and five other states of the lower South soon followed. Both the outgoing Buchanan administration and President-elect Lincoln had denied that any state had a right to secede. Upper Southern slave states such as Virginia and North

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We prefer, however, our system of industry, by which labor and capital are identified in interest, and capital, therefore, protects labor–by which our population doubles every twenty years–by which starvation is unknown, and abundance crowns the land–by which order is preserved by unpaid police, and

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demonstrated their ability to work the land efficiently and live independently of white control. They assigned themselves daily tasks for cotton growing and spent their extra time cultivating their own crops, fishing and hunting. By selling their surplus crops, the locals acquired small amounts of

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The Union besieged the fort after the unsuccessful assault. By August 25, Union entrenchments were close enough to attempt an assault on the Advanced Rifle Pits, 240 yards in front of the Battery, but this attempt was defeated. A second attempt, by the 24th Mass. Inf., on August 26 was successful.

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We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have

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on December 17 and voted unanimously, 169–0, to declare secession from the United States. The convention then adjourned to Charleston to draft an ordinance of secession. When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it

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If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? This is the great, grave

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famously remarked, "South Carolina is too small for a republic and too large for an insane asylum." Soon afterwards, South Carolina began preparing for a presumed U.S. military response while working to convince other southern states to secede as well and join in a confederacy of southern states.

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A repeated concern is runaway slaves. The declaration argues that parts of the U.S. Constitution were specifically written to ensure the return of slaves who had escaped to other states, and quotes the 4th Article: "No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping

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in Charleston Harbor. South Carolina militia swarmed over the abandoned mainland batteries and trained their guns on the island. Sumter was the key position for preventing a naval attack upon Charleston, so secessionists were determined not to allow U.S. forces to remain there indefinitely. More

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In no sense could it have been said that the slaves in South Carolina were governed by powers derived from their consent. Nor could it be said that South Carolina was separating itself from the government of the Union because that government had become destructive of the ends for which it was

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A geographical line has been drawn across the Union, and all the States north of that line have united in the election of a man to the high office of President of the United States whose opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. He is to be entrusted with the administration of the Common

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The parties in the conflict are not merely abolitionists and slaveholders. They are atheists, socialists, communists, red republicans, Jacobins on the one side, and friends of order and regulated freedom on the other. In one word, the world is the battleground – Christianity and Atheism the

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the most fertile regions of the world, where the white man cannot labor, are brought into usefulness by the labor of the African, and the whole world is blessed by our own productions. ... We ask you to join us, in forming a Confederacy of Slaveholding States.

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Presented in a Letter addressed to the Hon. Mr. Perkins of Louisiana, in criticism on the Provisional Constitution adopted by the Southern Congress at Montgomery, Alabama, BY THE HON. L. W. SPRATT, Editor of the Charleston Mercury, 13th February,

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Jaffa states that South Carolina omitted references to human equality and consent of the governed in its secession declaration, as due to their racist and pro-slavery views, secessionist South Carolinians did not believe in those ideals:

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barreled into Charleston and proclaimed that the only way to get his state to join the Confederacy was for South Carolina to instigate war with the United States. The obvious place to start was right in the midst of Charleston Harbor.

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I have never doubted what Virginia would do when the alternatives present themselves to her intelligent and gallant people, to choose between an association with her sisters and the dominion of a people, who have chosen their leader

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Smith, Steven D. "Whom we would never more see: history and archaeology recover the lives and deaths of African American Civil War soldiers on Folly Island, South Carolina." (South Carolina State Documents Depository, 1993).

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The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign

1402:. The white residents fled, leaving behind 10,000 black slaves. Several private Northern charity organizations stepped in to set up schools and help the former slaves become self-sufficient. The result was a model of what 608: 1515:

Despite South Carolina's important role in the beginning of the war, and a long unsuccessful attempt to take Charleston from 1863 onward, few military engagements occurred within the state's borders until 1865, when

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is usually credited with firing the first shot. Thirty-four hours later, Anderson's men raised the white flag and were allowed to leave the fort with colors flying and drums beating, saluting the U.S. flag with a

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wrote to a group of civic leaders in Richmond, Virginia, regarding the reasons as to why South Carolina was contemplating secession from the United States. In the letter, McQueen claimed that U.S. president-elect

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Government, because he has declared that that "Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free," and that the public mind must rest in the belief that Slavery is in the course of ultimate extinction.

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On November 10, 1860, the S.C. General Assembly called for a "Convention of the People of South Carolina" to consider secession. Delegates were to be elected on December 6. The secession convention convened in

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region of the state would serve as a haven for Confederate Army deserters and resisters, as they used the Upstate topography and traditional community relations to resist service in the Confederate ranks.

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from July 1776. However, the South Carolinian version omitted the phrases that "all men are created equal", "that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights", and mentions of the

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overnments are legitimate only insofar as their "just powers" are derived "from the consent of the governed." All of the foregoing is omitted from South Carolina's declaration, for obvious reasons.

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also espoused a similar view to McQueen's, stating that slavery was justified under the Christian religion, and thus, those who viewed slavery as being immoral were opposed to Christianity:

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to abolish slavery and grant citizenship to former slaves, South Carolina's representatives were readmitted to Congress. The state was fully restored to the United States on July 9, 1868.

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The Confederates were at a disadvantage in men, weaponry, and supplies. Union ships sailed south and blocked off one port after another. As early as November, Union troops occupied the

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Although a tactical defeat, the publicity of the battle of Fort Wagner led to further action for black troops in the Civil War, and it spurred additional recruitment that gave the

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long discussed in abolitionist literature, the abandoned plantations were confiscated by the Union Army and then given to the African Americans who had done the work of them. The

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The city under siege took control of Fort Sumter, became the center for blockade running. It was the site of the first successful submarine warfare on February 17, 1864, when the

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supported equality and civil rights for African Americans as well as the abolition of slavery, and thus South Carolina, being opposed to such measures, was compelled to secede:

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In 1865, Union troops moved into the city, and took control of many sites, such as the United States Arsenal, which the Confederate army had seized at the outbreak of the war.

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which was adopted on December 24. The secession declaration stated the primary reasoning behind South Carolina's declaring of secession from the U.S., which was described as:

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Verney, Kevern J. "Trespassers in the land of their birth: Blacks and landownership in South Carolina and Mississippi during the civil war and reconstruction, 1861–1877."

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The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right...

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After enduring almost 60 days of heavy shelling, the Confederates abandoned it on the night of September 6–7, 1863. withdrawing all operable cannons and the garrison.

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before taking it down. During this salute, one of the guns exploded, killing a young soldier—the only casualty of the bombardment and the first casualty of the war.

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and other military schools. In contrast to most other Confederate states, South Carolina had a well-developed rail network linking all of its major cities without a

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Lager, Eric, "The Transformation of a Confederate State: War and Politics on the South Carolina Home Front, 1861-1862. " (PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019)

1992: 1719: 749: 1093:"Slavery, not states' rights, birthed the Civil War," argues sociologist James W. Loewen. Writing of South Carolina's Declaration of Secession, Loewen writes that 5407: 5050: 4439: 4318: 2143: 5934: 5292: 5045: 5040: 4466: 3049: 1057:. That difference can be summed up in the difference between holding slavery to be an evil, if possibly a necessary evil, and holding it to be a positive good. 1186:

South Carolina's declaring of secession was supported by the state's religious figures, who claimed that it was consistent with the tenets of their religion:

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On December 25, the day following South Carolina's declaration of secession, a South Carolinian convention delivered an "Address to the Slaveholding States":

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Lees, William B. " 'The Best Ever Occupied...': Archaeological Investigations of a Civil War Encampment on Folly Island, South Carolina." (1995): 104–106.

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Smith, Steven D., Christopher Ohm Clement, and Stephen R. Wise. "GPS, GIS and the Civil War battlefield landscape: A South Carolina low country example."

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newspaper condemned suggestions that the Confederacy abandon slavery were it to help in gaining independence, stating that such suggestions were "folly":

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The triumphs of Christianity rest this very hour upon slavery; and slavery depends on the triumphs of the South... This war is the servant of slavery.

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importantly, South Carolina's claim of independence would look empty if U.S. forces controlled its largest harbor. On January 9, 1861, the U.S. ship

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A further concern was Lincoln's recent election to the presidency, whom they claimed desired to see slavery on "the course of ultimate extinction":

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as its banner, a slightly modified version of which is used as its current state flag. South Carolina after secession was frequently called the "

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The white population of the state had strongly supported the institution of slavery since the 18th century. Political leaders such as Democrats

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Black History Month: New Details Uncovered Regarding the Formerly Enslaved Black Men Who Enlisted with the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry

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as president, Republicans would meet certain demands. One affecting South Carolina was the removal of all U.S. military forces from the former

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met to form a new constitution and government modeled on that of the United States. On February 8, 1861, South Carolina officially joined the

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A Black woman's Civil War memoirs: reminiscences of my life in camp with the 33rd U.S. Colored Troops, late 1st South Carolina Volunteers

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Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005. Originally published: Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

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Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005. Originally published: Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

2119:"'Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union,' 24 December 1860" 2035:

Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005. Originally published: Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.

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on April 12, 1861, is generally recognized as the first military engagement of the war. The retaking of Charleston in February 1865, and

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established. South Carolina in 1860 had an entirely different idea of what the ends of government ought to be from that of 1776 or 1787

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and nearby ruined buildings in Charleston, with a shell-damaged carriage and the remains of a brick chimney in the foreground (1865)

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repeat the preceding language in the earlier document: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal"...

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Carolina, which had initially voted against secession, called a peace conference, to little effect. Meanwhile, Virginian orator

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Anti-slavery is essentially infidel. It wars upon the Bible, on the Church of Christ, on the truth of God, on the souls of men.

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Later that year, in December, Keitt would state that South Carolina's declaring of secession was the direct result of slavery:

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issue. It is not who shall be President, it is not which party shall rule – it is a question of political and social existence.

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Sinha, Manisha. "Revolution or Counterrevolution?: The Political Ideology of Seccession in Antebellum South Carolina."

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had inflamed regional and national passions in support of the institution, and many pro-slavery voices had cried for

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States at War, Volume 6: The Confederate States Chronology and a Reference Guide for South Carolina in the Civil War

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union

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The declaration also claims that secession was declared as a result of the refusal of free states to enforce the

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The Boys of Diamond Hill: The Lives and Civil War Letters of the Boyd Family of Abbeville County, South Carolina

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was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the

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West, Stephen A. “Minute Men, Yeomen, and the Mobilization for Secession in the South Carolina Upcountry.”

1561:, former fort commander Robert Anderson was joined on the platform by two men: African American Union hero 5850: 5550: 5124: 4714: 4551: 4526: 4058: 3959: 3874: 3614: 3523: 1488:

area, establishing an important base for the men and ships who would obstruct the ports at Charleston and

913: 900: 682: 81: 70: 4960: 2500:"Full Organization Authority Record: War Department. Second Military District. (03/11/1867 - 07/28/1868)" 1830:," in "47th Pennsylvania Volunteers: One Civil War Regiment's Story," retrieved online February 27, 2021. 6451: 6352: 6308: 5766: 5666: 5129: 5082: 4992: 4667: 4657: 4103: 4093: 4078: 4028: 3983: 3639: 3624: 3517: 3089: 3079: 2940: 1795: 1587: 1443: 1429: 1387: 208: 5480: 2195:"Address of the people of South Carolina to the people of the Slaveholding States of the United States" 818:) for its views against slavery. He claimed that slavery was not morally wrong, but rather, justified: 669:

Relatively free from Union occupation until the very end of the war, South Carolina hosted a number of

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Andrew Billingsley, Yearning to Breathe Free: Robert Smalls of South Carolina and His Families (2007).

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Rebellion, Reconstruction, and Redemption, 1861–1893: The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina

2353: 957:...increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery ... 6522: 6487: 6445: 6425: 6322: 6290: 6187: 6142: 5909: 5701: 5590: 5464: 5109: 4809: 4769: 4754: 4647: 4496: 4198: 4168: 4128: 4003: 3964: 3934: 3889: 3849: 3449: 3439: 3248: 3202: 2935:

Yes, Lord, I Know the Road: A Documentary History of African Americans in South Carolina, 1526-2008

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The South Carolinian secession declaration of December 1860 also channeled some elements from the

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Woody, Robert H. "Some Aspects of the Economic Condition of South Carolina After the Civil War."

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Zornow, William Frank. "State Aid for Indigent Families of South Carolina Soldiers, 1861-1865."

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Vital Rails: The Charleston & Savannah Railroad and the Civil War in Coastal South Carolina

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On February 21, 1865, with the Confederate forces finally evacuated from Charleston, the black

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For decades, South Carolinian political leaders had promoted regional passions with threats of

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Otten, James T. "Disloyalty in the upper districts of South Carolina during the Civil War."

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina

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Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina

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A Southern Writer and the Civil War: The Confederate Imagination of William Gilmore Simms

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South Carolina civilians in Sherman's path: stories of courage amid Civil War destruction

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To talk of maintaining our independence while we abolish slavery is simply to talk folly.

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The Civil War in South Carolina: Selections from the South Carolina Historical Magazine

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Living a Big War in a Small Place: Spartanburg, South Carolina, during the Confederacy

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led the 54th Massachusetts on foot while they charged, and was killed in the assault.

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The states with the largest proportions of slaves and slave-holders seceded earliest.

1566: 1562: 1318: 1292: 1287: 1122: 865:

a Hostile Act" and stated its intention to declare secession from the United States.

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camps. South Carolina also was the only Confederate state not to harbor pockets of

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South Carolina in the Civil War: The Confederate Experience in Letters and Diaries

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The Work of Reconstruction: From Slave to Wage Laborer in South Carolina 1860-1870

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Marrs, Aaron W. "Desertion and Loyalty in the South Carolina Infantry 1861-1863."

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was a program in which former slaves successfully worked on the land abandoned by

814:, summed up this view in an oratory condemning the "anti-slavery party" (i.e. the 2766:

A Hard Fight for We: Women’s Transition from Slavery to Freedom in South Carolina

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In December 1860, amid the secession crisis, former South Carolinian congressman

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Address of the people of South Carolina to the people of the Slaveholding States

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Performing disunion: the coming of the Civil War in Charleston, South Carolina

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Taylor, Frances Wallace, Catherine Taylor Matthews, and J. Tracy Power, eds.

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A City Laid Waste: The Capture, Sack, and Destruction of the City of Columbia

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The Leverett Letters: Correspondence of a South Carolina Family, 1851-1868

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Yearning to Breathe Free: Robert Smalls of South Carolina and His Families

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Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction

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Wooster, Ralph. “Membership of the South Carolina Secession Convention.”

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South Carolina’s Military Organization during the War Between the States.

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Confederate Phoenix: Rebel Children and Their Families in South Carolina

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sentiment strong enough to send regiments of white men to fight for the

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

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A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War

713: 694: 894:, Correspondence to T.T. Cropper and J.R. Crenshaw (December 24, 1860) 628:

in February 1861. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at

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Among the leading Confederate Army generals from South Carolina were

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The Union is Dissolved!: Charleston and Fort Sumter in the Civil War

2315:. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1963, 60. 2665:

Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post-Civil War Charleston

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Following the end of the Civil War, South Carolina was part of the

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North & South - The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society

1576: 1459: 1424: 1337: 1309: 1225: 1208: 1741:, but the Compromise completed their withdrawal from the region. 1217:

map of the Coast of South Carolina from Charleston to Hilton Head

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After South Carolina declared its secession, former congressman

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List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

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National Park Service map of Civil War sites in South Carolina

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Civil War Canon: Sites of Confederate Memory in South Carolina

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arrived. About 6,000 men were stationed around the rim of the

2621:

States Rights Gist: a South Carolina general of the Civil War

36:

of South Carolina between 1861 and 1865. For other uses, see

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Articles related to South Carolina in the American Civil War

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Wise, Stephen R., Lawrence S. Rowland, and Gerhard Spieler.

2636:, (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press: 1998). 1496:; those still at home and their families fled. In a type of 1238:

Six days after secession, on the day after Christmas, Major

1144:, a convention consisting of delegates from South Carolina, 920:

And again, the Southern Presbyterian of S.C. declared that:

681:, as every other state in the Confederacy did. However, the 3013:

List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy

2121:. Teaching American History in South Carolina Project. 2009 1234:

after the fort's capture from the U.S. by the Confederacy.

1102:

A blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization."

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A Photographic History of South Carolina in the Civil War

2245:, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press:1998. 1901:

Congressman from South Carolina, in a speech to the House

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In December 1861, South Carolina received $ 100,000 from

2292:. Charleston, South Carolina: Evening Post Publishing Co 1374:

a further numerical advantage in troops over the South.

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The South is now in the formation of a Slave Republic...

839:

Our people have come to this on the question of slavery.

2738:

Rehearsal for Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment

1760:

The South: A Tour of Its Battlefields and Ruined Cities

1492:. Many plantation owners had already gone off with the 1398:

off the coast of South Carolina and their main harbor,

1021:

noted these omissions as significant in his 2000 book,

810:

In a January 1860 speech, South Carolinian congressman

2525:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 169–171. 2426:

Rehearsal for Reconstruction the Port Royal experiment

1168:. According to one South Carolinian newspaper editor: 6705:

Military history of the Confederate States of America

2452:

Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center

2213: 2211: 1504:

became the laboratory for Union plans to educate the

638:

raising the flag (the same flag) again at Fort Sumter

2138: 2136: 1951:"Correspondence to T. T. Cropper and J. R. Crenshaw" 1559:

the U.S. flag was once again raised over Fort Sumter

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This Mighty Scourge: Perspectives on the Civil War.

1255:

The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina

847:, South Carolina secession debates (December 1860). 240: 230: 214: 183: 162: 148: 128: 118: 108: 98: 47: 2161: 2060:. 1860. Archived from the original on June 4, 2004 1804:List of South Carolina Confederate Civil War units 908:combatants; and the progress of humanity at stake. 1557:marched through the city. At a ceremony at which 5652:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 2113: 2111: 1718:, in which Southern Democrats would acknowledge 1464:The local Black population was delighted to see 754:Movement to reopen the transatlantic slave trade 2713:South Carolina's Civil War: A Narrative History 2168:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 1921:. Charleston, South Carolina. December 22, 1860 1748: 1538: 1188: 1170: 1095: 1076: 1050: 1027: 1001: 978: 955: 922: 905: 879: 837: 820: 797: 750:Slavery as a positive good in the United States 5476:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 2327:"THE PHILOSOPHY OF SECESSION: A SOUTHERN VIEW" 2155: 2153: 1999:. Archived from the original on March 21, 2011 1529:would mark the state for generations to come. 1355:, a week later, is better known. This was the 1329:Fort Wagner was the scene of two battles. The 6232: 6028: 3362: 3050: 2193:State of South Carolina (December 25, 1860). 1253:approached to resupply the fort. Cadets from 947:A committee of the convention also drafted a 863:Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President 602: 398: 8: 2561:(University of North Carolina Press, 1956). 2547:Bibliography of American Civil War homefront 2354:"The Glory of God, the Defence of the South" 1809:List of South Carolina Union Civil War units 1729:. At the time, U.S. troops remained in only 1421:Charleston, South Carolina, in the Civil War 1179:The Philosophy of Secession: A Southern View 640:, was used for the Union symbol of victory. 2937:(University of South Carolina Press, 2017). 2611:Crisis of Fear: Secession in South Carolina 1986: 1984: 1982: 6239: 6225: 6217: 6035: 6021: 6013: 5525: 5508: 5347: 4908: 4897: 4684: 4481: 4474: 4461: 4146: 3720: 3713: 3684: 3396: 3385: 3369: 3355: 3347: 3334: 3057: 3043: 3035: 2999: 2878:Rogers Jr. George C. and C. James Taylor. 2591:Cauthen, Charles Edward; Power, J. Tracy. 2588:(University of South Carolina Press, 1970) 2262:Cauthen, Charles Edward; Power, J. Tracy. 2031:Cauthen, Charles Edward; Power, J. Tracy. 1197:The Glory of God, the Defence of the South 1099: 609: 595: 416: 405: 391: 249: 44: 6710:Western Theater of the American Civil War 1993:"Why Non-Slaveholding Southerners Fought" 1508:for their eventual role as full American 6685:South Carolina in the American Civil War 3565:Treatment of slaves in the United States 3066:South Carolina in the American Civil War 2916:Lee, J. Edward, and Ron Chepesiuk, eds. 2220:"Five Myths About Why the South Seceded" 1707:, including ratifying amendments to the 1581:Map of Charleston and its defenses, 1863 716:saw some of the hardest fighting of the 5308:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3480:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2099:Dead Confederates: A Civil War Era Blog 1899:Keitt, Lawrence M. (January 25, 1860). 1819: 1302:after a disastrous fire in Charleston. 899:South Carolinian Presbyterian minister 781:and protection of the interests of the 550: 534: 503: 428: 284: 263: 252: 229: 213: 182: 107: 97: 5293:Modern display of the Confederate flag 2880:A South Carolina Chronology, 1497-1992 2593:South Carolina goes to war, 1860–1865. 2551:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era 2543:Bibliography of the American Civil War 2539:Bibliography of South Carolina history 2264:South Carolina goes to war, 1860–1865. 2071: 2033:South Carolina goes to war, 1860–1865. 2010: 1964: 1674:Battle of Gamble's Hotel (The Columns) 1520:'s Army, having already completed its 777:and secession in the name of southern 646:provided around 60,000 troops for the 6500:The Great Republic of Rough and Ready 3490:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 2974:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2000) 2789:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2008). 2768:(University of Illinois Press, 1997). 2733:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2013). 2684:(Univ of South Carolina Press, 2021). 2559:Sherman’s March through the Carolinas 1361:54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry 830:, Speech to the House (January 1860). 791:, a South Carolinian politician from 724:, the senior lieutenant general; and 7: 3316: 2428:(University of Georgia Press, 1999). 1359:attack on July 18, 1863, led by the 940:had seceded from the United States. 738:History of slavery in South Carolina 59: 6268:Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain 5647:Committee on the Conduct of the War 5323:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2691:(Cambridge University Press, 2018). 2682:Sherman and the Burning of Columbia 1949:McQueen, John (December 24, 1860). 1841:Civil War Battles of South Carolina 728:, the youngest lieutenant general. 141: • 402,406 (57.18%) slave 6700:Military history of South Carolina 5717:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 5056:impeachment managers investigation 3435:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 3157:Second Battle of Charleston Harbor 2842:South Carolina Historical Magazine 2835:South Carolina Historical Magazine 2820:(U of South Carolina Press, 2015). 2703:South Carolina Historical Magazine 2586:The Siege of Charleston, 1861–1865 2325:Spratt, L.W. (February 13, 1861). 1703:After meeting the requirements of 1613:Second Battle of Charleston Harbor 1442:made a daring night attack on the 138: • 301,302 (42.82%) free 25: 5142:Reconstruction military districts 3590:Abolitionism in the United States 3545:Plantations in the American South 3460:Origins of the American Civil War 3137:First Battle of Charleston Harbor 2667:(Indiana University Press, 2003) 2284:Burger, Ken (February 13, 2010). 1991:Rhea, Gordon (January 25, 2011). 1858:The dark corner of South Carolina 1608:First Battle of Charleston Harbor 1394:. In 1861 the Union captured the 861:passed a "Resolution to Call the 6621: 6620: 6601:Provisional Government of Hawaii 6482:Provisional Government of Oregon 6401:Provisional Government of Mexico 6132: 5996: 5987: 5986: 5125:Enforcement Act of February 1871 5098:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3315: 3306: 3305: 2825:North Carolina Historical Review 2715:(Mercer University Press, 2005) 2093:Hall, Andy (December 22, 2013). 1788: 1774: 1692:Reconstruction in South Carolina 1532:In January 1865, the Charleston 1010:U.S. Declaration of Independence 420: 374: 275: 155:Confederate troops: 60,000 total 88: 75: 64: 5910:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 5772:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 5333:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 2775:(4 vols., History Press, 2008). 2658:The South Carolina Encyclopedia 2415:, Volume 10, Number 1, Page 30. 859:South Carolina General Assembly 38:South Carolina (disambiguation) 5013:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 2480:. Charleston. January 24, 1865 2054:"Results from the 1860 Census" 1864:. Retrieved February 20, 2023. 1230:Fort Sumter, 1861, flying the 1084:Convention of South Carolina, 1: 6512:Confederate States of America 5428:Ladies' Memorial Associations 5130:Enforcement Act of April 1871 5026:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 2467:Oxford University Press, 2009 2313:The Confederate Constitutions 1847:. Retrieved February 5, 2021. 1472:, in February 1865, singing " 929:Southern Presbyterian of S.C. 94:Map of the Confederate States 6506:The Kingdom of Beaver Island 5561:Confederate revolving cannon 5303:Sons of Confederate Veterans 5174:South Carolina riots of 1876 5152:Indian Council at Fort Smith 5103:South Carolina riots of 1876 5068:Knights of the White Camelia 3560:Slavery in the United States 3249:Union forces occupy Columbia 3162:Second Battle of Fort Sumter 3152:Second Battle of Fort Wagner 3147:Battle of Grimball's Landing 2927:(U of Arkansas Press, 1994) 1856:Carey, Liz. (July 5, 2014). 1633:Second Battle of Fort Wagner 1628:Battle of Grimball's Landing 1618:Second Battle of Fort Sumter 1466:United States Colored Troops 1352:Second Battle of Fort Wagner 1345:charging towards Fort Wagner 742:American proslavery movement 6695:American Civil War by state 6207:Organized January 18, 1862. 6043:Political divisions of the 5915:New York City riots of 1863 5740:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5491:United Confederate Veterans 5328:Children of the Confederacy 5318:United Confederate Veterans 5313:Southern Historical Society 3945:Price's Missouri Expedition 3415:Timeline leading to the War 3142:First Battle of Fort Wagner 3121:Second Battle of Pocotaligo 2811:Journal of Southern History 2653:(Fordham Univ Press, 2008). 2396:September 30, 2007, at the 2356:. Yorkville, South Carolina 2286:"Too large to be an asylum" 2095:"Not Surprising, Part Deux" 1623:First Battle of Fort Wagner 1555:54th Massachusetts Regiment 1343:54th Massachusetts Regiment 1332:First Battle of Fort Wagner 1017:". Professor and historian 120:Admitted to the Confederacy 6726: 6476:Republic of the Rio Grande 5883:Confederate Secret Service 5471:Grand Army of the Republic 5363:Grand Army of the Republic 5181:Southern Claims Commission 3244:Skirmish at Congaree Creek 3106:First Battle of Pocotaligo 2536: 2521:Woodward, C. Vann (1966). 2454:. Retrieved June 13, 2007. 2352:Wightman, John T. (1861). 2311:Lee, Jr., Charles Robert. 1689: 1664:Battle of Broxton's Bridge 1470:Charleston, South Carolina 1418: 1215:United States Coast Survey 735: 29:This article is about the 28: 6616: 6458:Republic of Indian Stream 6263: 6196: 6130: 5982: 5871:Confederate States dollar 5682:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 5677:Emancipation Proclamation 5571:Medal of Honor recipients 5524: 5507: 5459:Confederate Memorial Hall 5261:Confederate Memorial Hall 5234:Confederate History Month 5214:Civil War Discovery Trail 5115:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 4921:Reconstruction Amendments 4907: 4896: 4473: 4460: 3712: 3683: 3530:Emancipation Proclamation 3395: 3384: 3344: 3301: 3219:Campaign of the Carolinas 3023: 3010: 3002: 2849:Historiography and memory 2744:; farms for freed slaves. 2726:(1994), covers 1822–1885. 2634:South Carolina: A History 2581:(The History Press, 2009) 2442:, Confederate Submarine," 2410:The Battle of Tom's Brook 2243:South Carolina: A History 2078:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2058:1860 United States Census 2017:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1971:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1782:American Civil War portal 1654:Battle of Anderson County 1573:Battles in South Carolina 1314:Congressman Robert Smalls 857:On November 9, 1860, the 718:Army of Northern Virginia 357:Economy of South Carolina 60: 52: 6420:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 6395:Second Republic of Texas 6389:Republic of the Floridas 6377:Republic of East Florida 6371:Republic of West Florida 6335:United States of America 6279:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 6255:within the contemporary 5945:U.S. Sanitary Commission 5856:Battlefield preservation 5762:Marching Through Georgia 5687:Hampton Roads Conference 5662:Confiscation Act of 1862 5657:Confiscation Act of 1861 5433:U.S. national cemeteries 5239:Confederate Memorial Day 5224:Civil War Trails Program 5093:New Orleans riot of 1866 3234:Skirmish at James Island 3229:Battle of Broxton Bridge 3224:Action at Rivers' Bridge 3116:Battle of Simmon's Bluff 3111:Battle of Secessionville 2889:(Lexington Books, 2015). 2858:(UNC Press Books, 2015). 2502:. U.S. National Archives 2391:The 54th and Fort Wagner 2160:Jaffa, Harry V. (2000). 1919:"The Charleston Courier" 1698:Second Military District 1649:Battle of Rivers' Bridge 1603:Battle of Simmon's Bluff 1598:Battle of Secessionville 1140:On February 4, 1861, in 845:Laurence Massillon Keitt 828:Laurence Massillon Keitt 812:Laurence Massillon Keitt 381:United States portal 221:Robert Woodward Barnwell 6690:1860s in South Carolina 6383:First Republic of Texas 5866:Confederate war finance 5486:Southern Cross of Honor 5454:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5449:1913 Gettysburg reunion 5147:Reconstruction Treaties 5120:Enforcement Act of 1870 5003:Freedman's Savings Bank 3620:Lane Debates on Slavery 3445:Lincoln–Douglas debates 3021:on April 3, 1861 (6th) 2964:(1902, reprinted 1988) 2947:(1865; reprinted 2011) 2722:Powers Jr., Bernard E. 2687:McDonnell, Lawrence T. 1839:Weiser, Kathy. (2017). 1659:Battle of Brattonsville 1069:(2000), emphasis added. 1015:consent of the governed 709:, whose South Carolina 367:State of South Carolina 5925:Richmond riots of 1863 5851:Baltimore riot of 1861 5631:U.S. Military Railroad 5551:Confederate Home Guard 5283:Historiographic issues 5249:Historical reenactment 3748:Revenue Cutter Service 3615:William Lloyd Garrison 3524:Dred Scott v. Sandford 2941:Simms, William Gilmore 2933:Morris, J. Brent, ed. 2894:Historical Archaeology 2758:(Cambridge UP, 1994). 2218:Loewen, James (2011). 1765: 1582: 1551: 1477: 1433: 1346: 1315: 1235: 1218: 1202: 1184: 1121:The state adopted the 1119: 1091: 1072: 1045: 1006: 993: 970: 932: 918: 914:James Henley Thornwell 901:James Henley Thornwell 897: 850: 833: 808: 701:, killed in action at 6452:Republic of Madawaska 6353:Trans-Oconee Republic 5890:Great Revival of 1863 5767:Maryland, My Maryland 5556:Confederate railroads 5219:Civil War Roundtables 5088:Meridian riot of 1871 5083:Memphis riots of 1866 3640:George Luther Stearns 3625:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3518:Crittenden Compromise 3090:Port Royal Experiment 3080:Battle of Fort Sumter 2923:McCaslin, Richard B. 2906:Jones, J. Keith, ed. 2827:7.3 (1930): 346–364. 2804:Slavery and Abolition 2782:46.3 (2000): 205–226. 2705:75.2 (1974): 95–110. 2619:Cisco, Walter Brian. 2567:Billingsley, Andrew. 2408:Wittenburg, Eric J., 1796:South Carolina portal 1690:Further information: 1588:Battle of Fort Sumter 1580: 1463: 1430:The Mills House Hotel 1428: 1406:could have been. The 1388:Port Royal Experiment 1382:Port Royal experiment 1341: 1313: 1229: 1212: 736:Further information: 347:Civil Rights Movement 241:Restored to the Union 6446:Republic of Fredonia 6143:Governments in exile 5777:Daar kom die Alibama 5692:National Union Party 5368:memorials to Lincoln 5288:Lost Cause mythology 4993:Eufaula riot of 1874 4981:Confederate refugees 4194:District of Columbia 3821:Union naval blockade 3667:Underground Railroad 3455:Nullification crisis 3198:Battle of Honey Hill 3085:Battle of Port Royal 2960:Taylor, Susie King. 2813:71#1 (2005): 75–104. 2724:Black Charlestonians 2663:Jenkins, Wilbert L. 2577:Bostick, Douglas W. 2463:McPherson, James M. 2290:The Post and Courier 1686:Restoration to Union 1639:Battle of Honey Hill 1593:Battle of Port Royal 1181:(February 13, 1861). 967:(December 24, 1860). 6657: / 6595:Free State of Jones 6488:California Republic 6323:Republic of Watauga 6291:Provincias Internas 6253:unrecognized states 5935:Supreme Court cases 5702:Radical Republicans 5481:Old soldiers' homes 5465:Confederate Veteran 5391:artworks in Capitol 5110:Reconstruction acts 4971:Colfax riot of 1873 3935:Richmond-Petersburg 3540:Fugitive slave laws 3470:Popular sovereignty 3450:Missouri Compromise 3440:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3203:Battle of Tulifinny 2896:37.3 (2003): 14–30. 2885:Rogers, Jeffery J. 2867:Miller, Richard F. 2771:Seigler, Robert S. 2764:Schwalm, Leslie A. 2751:(Home House, 2001). 2698:50.1 (2004): 47–65. 2656:Edgar, Walter, ed. 2225:The Washington Post 1723:Rutherford B. Hayes 1644:Battle of Tulifinny 1142:Montgomery, Alabama 1113:The Washington Post 1088:(December 25, 1860) 974:Fugitive Slave Acts 652:U.S. Colored Troops 307:American Revolution 124:April 3, 1861 (6th) 55:"Palmetto Republic" 6607:Republic of Hawaii 6303:Florida Occidental 6045:Confederate States 5756:A Lincoln Portrait 5697:Politicians killed 5621:U.S. Balloon Corps 5616:Union corps badges 5396:memorials to Davis 5266:Disenfranchisement 5137:Reconstruction era 5018:Timber Culture Act 4976:Compromise of 1877 3940:Franklin–Nashville 3610:Frederick Douglass 3513:Cornerstone Speech 3430:Compromise of 1850 3378:American Civil War 2920:(McFarland, 2004). 2837:55 (1954): 185–97. 2806:4.1 (1983): 64–78. 2736:Rose, Willie Lee. 2729:Racine, Philip N. 2609:Channing, Steven. 2584:Burton, E. Milby. 2447:2007-10-14 at the 1880:. pp. 141–142 1874:Channing, Steven. 1845:Legends of America 1727:Confederate states 1716:Compromise of 1877 1583: 1548:(January 24, 1865) 1478: 1434: 1347: 1316: 1236: 1219: 1205:American Civil War 1195:John T. Wightman, 654:regiments for the 436:American Civil War 430:Confederate States 337:Reconstruction era 225:James Lawrence Orr 6640: 6639: 6634: 6633: 6470:Republic of Texas 6365:State of Muskogee 6347:State of Franklin 6214: 6213: 6188:Arizona Territory 6010: 6009: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5808:Italian Americans 5793:African Americans 5750:John Brown's Body 5503: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5416: 5415: 5254:Robert E. Lee Day 4998:Freedmen's Bureau 4961:Brooks–Baxter War 4892: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4676: 4675: 4456: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4447: 3865:Northern Virginia 3811:Trans-Mississippi 3784: 3783: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3571:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3508:African Americans 3331: 3330: 3033: 3032: 3024:Succeeded by 2854:Brown, Thomas J. 2844:57 (1956): 82–87. 2785:Stone, H. David. 2780:Civil War History 2711:Poole, W. Scott. 2696:Civil War History 2680:Lucas, Marion B. 2649:Drago, Edmund L. 2642:978-1-57003-255-4 2601:978-1-57003-560-9 2557:Barrett, John G. 2424:Willie Lee Rose, 2272:978-1-57003-560-9 2251:978-1-57003-255-4 2041:978-1-57003-560-9 1826:Snyder, Laurie. " 1506:African Americans 1474:John Brown's Body 1408:African Americans 1365:Robert Gould Shaw 1273:On April 10, the 805:Alfred P. Aldrich 789:Alfred P. Aldrich 707:Joseph B. Kershaw 675:anti-secessionist 634:Charleston Harbor 619: 618: 543:Arizona Territory 415: 414: 365: 364: 317:Antebellum period 248: 247: 178:Charleston Harbor 18:Palmetto Republic 16:(Redirected from 6717: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6624: 6623: 6494:State of Deseret 6464:Indian Territory 6432:Coahuila y Tejas 6426:Sonora y Sinaloa 6359:Hawaiian Kingdom 6341:Vermont Republic 6297:Florida Oriental 6241: 6234: 6227: 6218: 6200:Admitted to the 6136: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6014: 6000: 5990: 5989: 5813:Native Americans 5798:German Americans 5591:Partisan rangers 5586:Official Records 5526: 5509: 5401:memorials to Lee 5348: 4909: 4898: 4685: 4482: 4475: 4462: 4435:Washington, D.C. 4229:Indian Territory 4189:Dakota Territory 4147: 4064:Chancellorsville 3855:Jackson's Valley 3845:Blockade runners 3721: 3714: 3685: 3645:Thaddeus Stevens 3635:Lysander Spooner 3595:Susan B. Anthony 3397: 3386: 3371: 3364: 3357: 3348: 3335: 3319: 3318: 3309: 3308: 3059: 3052: 3045: 3036: 3003:Preceded by 3000: 2754:Saville, Julie. 2527: 2526: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2474: 2468: 2461: 2455: 2435: 2429: 2422: 2416: 2406: 2400: 2388: 2375: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2334: 2329:. South Carolina 2322: 2316: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2281: 2275: 2260: 2254: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2215: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2167: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2115: 2106: 2105: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2077: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2050: 2044: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2016: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1988: 1977: 1976: 1970: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1871: 1865: 1862:Independent Mail 1854: 1848: 1837: 1831: 1824: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1763: 1669:Battle of Cheraw 1549: 1522:March to the Sea 1494:Confederate Army 1259:Star of the West 1250:Star of the West 1232:Confederate flag 1200: 1182: 1134:James L. Petigru 1117: 1101: 1089: 1070: 1043: 991: 968: 930: 916: 895: 848: 831: 816:Republican Party 806: 722:James Longstreet 691:Wade Hampton III 648:Confederate Army 611: 604: 597: 554:Indian Territory 551:Allied tribes in 504:Dual governments 424: 417: 407: 400: 393: 379: 378: 377: 293: 292: 280: 279: 278: 268: 250: 207: 200: 196: 192: 92: 79: 68: 56: 45: 21: 6725: 6724: 6720: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6675: 6674: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6612: 6438:Las Californias 6414:Alta California 6329:United Colonies 6315:Alta California 6259: 6245: 6215: 6210: 6192: 6174: 6137: 6128: 6048: 6041: 6011: 6006: 5970: 5954: 5839: 5803:Irish Americans 5781: 5726: 5635: 5626:U.S. Home Guard 5566:Field artillery 5520: 5519: 5495: 5437: 5412: 5374: 5343: 5337: 5229:Civil War Trust 5196: 5190: 5078:Ethnic violence 5063:Kirk–Holden war 4942: 4903: 4880: 4814: 4672: 4616: 4469: 4444: 4398: 4151: 4138: 3969: 3950:Sherman's March 3930:Bermuda Hundred 3825: 3780: 3752: 3708: 3707: 3671: 3630:J. Sella Martin 3600:James G. Birney 3576: 3494: 3420:Bleeding Kansas 3408: 3391: 3380: 3375: 3340: 3332: 3327: 3297: 3276: 3255: 3239:Action at Aiken 3207: 3186:Sinking of USS 3174: 3125: 3094: 3068: 3063: 3029: 3016: 3008: 2986: 2981: 2903: 2901:Primary sources 2882:2nd Ed. (1994). 2851: 2792:Stokes, Karen. 2553: 2535: 2533:Further reading 2530: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2462: 2458: 2449:Wayback Machine 2436: 2432: 2423: 2419: 2407: 2403: 2398:Wayback Machine 2389: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2332: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2310: 2306: 2295: 2293: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2261: 2257: 2237: 2233: 2217: 2216: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2159: 2158: 2151: 2142: 2141: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2070: 2063: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2030: 2026: 2009: 2002: 2000: 1997:Civil War Trust 1990: 1989: 1980: 1963: 1956: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1881: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1855: 1851: 1838: 1834: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1764: 1756:J.T. Trowbridge 1754: 1747: 1714:As part of the 1709:US Constitution 1694: 1688: 1683: 1679:Battle of Aiken 1635:(Morris Island) 1575: 1565:and the son of 1550: 1544: 1458: 1423: 1417: 1384: 1327: 1308: 1257:fired upon the 1240:Robert Anderson 1224: 1207: 1201: 1194: 1183: 1176: 1118: 1108:James W. Loewen 1106: 1090: 1083: 1071: 1061: 1044: 1034: 992: 985: 969: 961: 931: 928: 917: 912: 896: 890: 884:Abraham Lincoln 875:Abraham Lincoln 855: 849: 843: 832: 826: 807: 804: 756: 734: 671:prisoner of war 615: 552: 442: 434: 432: 411: 375: 373: 297:Colonial period 276: 274: 266: 259: 231:Representatives 223: 205: 204: 202:Milledge Bonham 198: 197: 194:Francis Pickens 190: 189: 158: 149:Forces supplied 144: 93: 87: 86: 85: 84: 80: 73: 69: 54: 41: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6723: 6721: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6677: 6676: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6568:South Carolina 6565: 6563:North Carolina 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6362: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6236: 6229: 6221: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6205: 6204:June 20, 1863. 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6184: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6147: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6097:South Carolina 6094: 6092:North Carolina 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6017: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5994: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5950:Women soldiers 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5905:Naming the war 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5736: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5541:Campaign Medal 5538: 5532: 5530: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5516:Related topics 5513: 5512: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5354: 5352: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5263: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5244:Decoration Day 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5200: 5198: 5197:Reconstruction 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5051:second inquiry 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5015: 5008:Homestead Acts 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4956:Alabama Claims 4952: 4950: 4948:Reconstruction 4944: 4943: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4936:15th Amendment 4933: 4931:14th Amendment 4928: 4926:13th Amendment 4917: 4915: 4905: 4904: 4901: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4691: 4689: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4557:J. E. Johnston 4554: 4552:A. S. Johnston 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4492:R. H. Anderson 4488: 4486: 4479: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4354:South Carolina 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4329:North Carolina 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4155: 4153: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4054:Fredericksburg 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3994:Wilson's Creek 3991: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3836: 3834: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3806:Lower Seaboard 3803: 3798: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3729: 3727: 3718: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3662:Harriet Tubman 3659: 3658: 3657: 3650:Charles Sumner 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3586: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3504: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3485:States' rights 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3382: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3366: 3359: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3313: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167:Attack on USS 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3054: 3047: 3039: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2985: 2984:External links 2982: 2980: 2979: 2968: 2958: 2951: 2938: 2931: 2921: 2914: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2883: 2876: 2865: 2859: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2845: 2838: 2831: 2821: 2814: 2807: 2800: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2752: 2745: 2734: 2727: 2720: 2709: 2699: 2692: 2685: 2678: 2672: 2661: 2654: 2647: 2627: 2617: 2607: 2589: 2582: 2575: 2565: 2554: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2513: 2491: 2469: 2456: 2430: 2417: 2401: 2376: 2367: 2344: 2317: 2304: 2276: 2255: 2231: 2207: 2185: 2178: 2149: 2132: 2107: 2085: 2045: 2024: 1978: 1941: 1932: 1910: 1891: 1877:Crisis of Fear 1866: 1849: 1832: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1785: 1769: 1766: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1735:South Carolina 1705:Reconstruction 1687: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1584: 1574: 1571: 1542: 1468:marching into 1457: 1454: 1419:Main article: 1416: 1413: 1404:Reconstruction 1383: 1380: 1326: 1323: 1307: 1304: 1223: 1220: 1206: 1203: 1192: 1174: 1104: 1081: 1059: 1032: 1019:Harry V. Jaffa 983: 959: 942:James Buchanan 926: 910: 888: 854: 851: 841: 824: 802: 779:states' rights 764:Preston Brooks 733: 730: 726:Stephen D. Lee 703:Fredericksburg 664:break of gauge 644:South Carolina 622:South Carolina 617: 616: 614: 613: 606: 599: 591: 588: 587: 586: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 557: 556: 548: 547: 546: 545: 537: 536: 532: 531: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 506: 505: 501: 500: 499: 498: 493: 488: 483: 481:South Carolina 478: 476:North Carolina 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 439: 438: 426: 425: 413: 412: 410: 409: 402: 395: 387: 384: 383: 370: 369: 363: 362: 359: 353: 352: 349: 343: 342: 339: 333: 332: 329: 323: 322: 319: 313: 312: 309: 303: 302: 299: 289: 288: 282: 281: 271: 270: 267:South Carolina 261: 260: 253: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 218: 212: 211: 209:Andrew Magrath 187: 181: 180: 171: 160: 159: 157: 156: 152: 150: 146: 145: 143: 142: 139: 136: 132: 130: 126: 125: 122: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 100: 96: 95: 74: 63: 62: 61: 58: 57: 50: 49: 48:South Carolina 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6722: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6673: 6670: 6627: 6619: 6618: 6615: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6589: 6588:West Virginia 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6504: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6409: 6408:Mexican Texas 6405: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6257:United States 6254: 6250: 6242: 6237: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6219: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6135: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6117:West Virginia 6115: 6114: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6038: 6033: 6031: 6026: 6024: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5993: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5920:Photographers 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5895:Gender issues 5893: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5722:War Democrats 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5712:Union Leagues 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5611:Turning point 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5581:Naval battles 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5409: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5344:and memorials 5340: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5204:Commemoration 5202: 5201: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046:first inquiry 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5024: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4966:Carpetbaggers 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4895: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4389:West Virginia 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4309:New Hampshire 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4269:Massachusetts 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4009:Hampton Roads 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3999:Fort Donelson 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3895:Morgan's Raid 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3840:Anaconda Plan 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3828: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3816:Pacific Coast 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3550:Positive good 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3465:Panic of 1857 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3425:Border states 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3360: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3343: 3336: 3324: 3323: 3314: 3312: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3169:New Ironsides 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3028: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3007: 3001: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2913: 2912:online review 2909: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2630:Edgar, Walter 2628: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2573:Robert Smalls 2570: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2524: 2517: 2514: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2355: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2333:September 13, 2328: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239:Edgar, Walter 2235: 2232: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2196: 2189: 2186: 2181: 2179:9780847699520 2175: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2075: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2014: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1952: 1945: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1895: 1892: 1879: 1878: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1786: 1783: 1772: 1767: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1699: 1693: 1685: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1579: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1567:Denmark Vesey 1564: 1563:Robert Smalls 1560: 1556: 1547: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1319:Robert Smalls 1312: 1306:Robert Smalls 1305: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1293:50-gun salute 1289: 1288:Edmund Ruffin 1285: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1228: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1204: 1198: 1191: 1187: 1180: 1177:L.W. Spratt, 1173: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1123:palmetto flag 1115: 1114: 1109: 1103: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1075: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1056: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1005: 1000: 997: 990: 989: 982: 977: 975: 966: 965: 958: 954: 952: 951: 945: 943: 938: 925: 921: 915: 909: 904: 902: 893: 887: 885: 878: 876: 871: 866: 864: 860: 852: 846: 840: 836: 829: 823: 819: 817: 813: 801: 796: 794: 790: 786: 784: 780: 776: 775:nullification 771: 769: 765: 761: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 731: 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 693:, a foremost 692: 687: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 612: 607: 605: 600: 598: 593: 592: 590: 589: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 560: 559: 558: 555: 549: 544: 541: 540: 539: 538: 533: 528: 527:West Virginia 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 508: 507: 502: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 443: 441: 440: 437: 431: 427: 423: 419: 418: 408: 403: 401: 396: 394: 389: 388: 386: 385: 382: 372: 371: 368: 360: 358: 355: 354: 350: 348: 345: 344: 340: 338: 335: 334: 330: 328: 327:Civil War era 325: 324: 320: 318: 315: 314: 310: 308: 305: 304: 300: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 283: 273: 272: 269: 262: 257: 251: 243: 239: 236: 233: 226: 222: 219: 217: 210: 203: 195: 188: 186: 179: 175: 172: 170: 166: 161: 154: 153: 151: 147: 140: 137: 135:703,708 total 134: 133: 131: 127: 123: 121: 117: 114: 111: 104: 101: 91: 83: 78: 72: 67: 53:Nickname(s): 51: 46: 43: 39: 35: 32: 27: 19: 6642: 6567: 6403:(1823–1824) 6096: 5861:Bibliography 5844:Other topics 5786:By ethnicity 5754: 5707:Trent Affair 5606:Signal Corps 5463: 5186:White League 5073:Ku Klux Klan 4986:Confederados 4913:Constitution 4785:D. D. Porter 4638:Breckinridge 4353: 4349:Rhode Island 4344:Pennsylvania 4099:Spotsylvania 4059:Stones River 4039:2nd Bull Run 3989:1st Bull Run 3875:Stones River 3776:Marine Corps 3743:Marine Corps 3582:Abolitionism 3569: 3522: 3321: 3191: 3187: 3168: 3065: 3019:Constitution 3011: 2971: 2961: 2944: 2934: 2924: 2917: 2907: 2893: 2886: 2879: 2868: 2855: 2841: 2834: 2824: 2817: 2810: 2803: 2793: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2755: 2748: 2737: 2730: 2723: 2712: 2702: 2695: 2688: 2681: 2664: 2657: 2650: 2633: 2620: 2610: 2592: 2585: 2578: 2571:(2007); see 2568: 2558: 2522: 2516: 2504:. Retrieved 2494: 2484:September 8, 2482:. Retrieved 2472: 2464: 2459: 2451: 2440:H. L. Hunley 2439: 2433: 2425: 2420: 2409: 2404: 2370: 2360:September 8, 2358:. Retrieved 2347: 2338: 2331:. Retrieved 2320: 2312: 2307: 2294:. Retrieved 2289: 2279: 2263: 2258: 2242: 2234: 2223: 2198:. Retrieved 2188: 2163: 2125:November 18, 2123:. Retrieved 2102: 2098: 2088: 2062:. Retrieved 2057: 2048: 2032: 2027: 2001:. Retrieved 1996: 1955:. Retrieved 1944: 1935: 1925:September 6, 1923:. Retrieved 1913: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1884:September 6, 1882:. Retrieved 1876: 1869: 1861: 1852: 1844: 1835: 1822: 1759: 1749: 1713: 1702: 1695: 1552: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1514: 1479: 1456:The war ends 1451: 1445: 1437: 1435: 1385: 1376: 1369: 1350: 1348: 1330: 1328: 1317: 1297: 1274: 1272: 1263: 1258: 1248: 1237: 1196: 1189: 1185: 1178: 1171: 1139: 1131: 1120: 1111: 1096: 1092: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1066: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1039: 1028: 1022: 1007: 1002: 998: 994: 986: 979: 971: 962: 956: 948: 946: 933: 923: 919: 906: 898: 892:John McQueen 880: 870:John McQueen 867: 856: 838: 834: 821: 809: 798: 787: 772: 760:John Calhoun 757: 688: 668: 642: 621: 620: 480: 326: 244:July 9, 1868 109:Largest city 82:Coat of arms 42: 26: 6664: / 6609:(1894–1898) 6603:(1893–1894) 6597:(1863–1865) 6553:Mississippi 6516:1861–1865; 6508:(1850–1856) 6496:(1849–1850) 6484:(1841–1848) 6472:(1836–1846) 6466:(1834–1907) 6460:(1832–1835) 6448:(1826–1827) 6440:, 1836–1846 6434:, 1824–1835 6428:, 1824–1830 6422:, 1821–1846 6416:, 1821–1836 6410:, 1821–1824 6406:1835–1846; 6385:(1812–1813) 6367:(1799–1803) 6361:(1795–1893) 6349:(1784–1788) 6343:(1777–1791) 6337:(1776–1783) 6331:(1775–1776) 6325:(1772–1777) 6317:, 1804–1821 6311:, 1769–1801 6309:La Luisiana 6305:, 1783–1821 6299:, 1783–1821 6293:, 1776–1821 6287:, 1690–1821 6281:, 1598–1821 6275:, 1565–1821 6273:New Navarre 6087:Mississippi 6047:(1861–1865) 5667:Copperheads 5379:Confederate 5271:Black Codes 4597:E. K. Smith 4478:Confederate 4425:New Orleans 4420:Chattanooga 4284:Mississippi 4184:Connecticut 4152:territories 4143:Involvement 4104:Cold Harbor 4094:Fort Pillow 4084:Chattanooga 4079:Chickamauga 4029:Seven Pines 4019:New Orleans 3984:Fort Sumter 3925:Valley 1864 3758:Confederacy 3555:Slave Power 3535:Fire-Eaters 3267:Confederate 3006:Mississippi 2302:Paragraph 4 1502:Sea Islands 1482:Sea Islands 1439:H.L. Hunley 1396:Sea Islands 1325:Fort Wagner 1278:before the 1267:Roger Pryor 1244:Fort Sumter 1222:Fort Sumter 1166:Confederacy 1154:Mississippi 1129:Republic". 1063:Harry Jaffa 1036:Harry Jaffa 783:slave power 746:Fire-Eaters 699:Maxcy Gregg 697:commander; 660:The Citadel 630:Fort Sumter 626:Confederacy 471:Mississippi 265:History of 174:Fort Sumter 31:Confederate 6679:Categories 6168:government 6156:government 6122:government 5900:Juneteenth 5421:Cemeteries 5298:Red Shirts 5209:Centennial 5159:Red Shirts 4567:Longstreet 4497:Beauregard 4440:Winchester 4415:Charleston 4384:Washington 4319:New Mexico 4314:New Jersey 4174:California 4150:States and 4134:Five Forks 4119:Mobile Bay 4089:Wilderness 4069:Gettysburg 4049:Perryville 4034:Seven Days 3965:Appomattox 3890:Gettysburg 3850:New Mexico 3717:Combatants 3692:Combatants 3605:John Brown 3288:Charleston 3188:Housatonic 2537:See also: 1815:References 1720:Republican 1498:reparation 1446:Housatonic 1415:Charleston 1411:property. 1400:Port Royal 1372:Union Army 732:Background 656:Union Army 129:Population 113:Charleston 6661:34°N 81°W 6573:Tennessee 6548:Louisiana 6249:sovereign 6180:Territory 6102:Tennessee 6082:Louisiana 5878:Espionage 5672:Diplomacy 5640:Political 5596:POW camps 5342:Monuments 5169:Scalawags 5164:Redeemers 4902:Aftermath 4851:Pinkerton 4790:Rosecrans 4755:McClellan 4658:Memminger 4394:Wisconsin 4359:Tennessee 4279:Minnesota 4254:Louisiana 4129:Nashville 4074:Vicksburg 4004:Pea Ridge 3955:Carolinas 3910:Red River 3905:Knoxville 3885:Tullahoma 3880:Vicksburg 3860:Peninsula 3832:campaigns 3698:Campaigns 3475:Secession 3017:Ratified 2478:"Courier" 2296:April 22, 2200:March 27, 2003:March 21, 1957:March 25, 1731:Louisiana 1444:USS 1280:U.S. Navy 1162:Louisiana 853:Secession 768:secession 568:Chickasaw 535:Territory 486:Tennessee 466:Louisiana 361:1651–2021 351:1954–1968 341:1865–1877 331:1861–1865 321:1812–1860 311:1775–1788 301:1562–1774 206:1864–1865 199:1862–1864 191:1860–1862 165:garrisons 6626:Category 6583:Virginia 6558:Missouri 6543:Kentucky 6528:Arkansas 6163:Missouri 6151:Kentucky 6112:Virginia 6067:Arkansas 5992:Category 5833:Seminole 5823:Cherokee 5576:Medicine 5529:Military 5442:Veterans 5276:Jim Crow 5041:timeline 4836:Ericsson 4819:Civilian 4800:Sheridan 4760:McDowell 4720:Farragut 4705:Burnside 4695:Anderson 4688:Military 4668:Stephens 4628:Benjamin 4621:Civilian 4507:Buchanan 4485:Military 4430:Richmond 4379:Virginia 4324:New York 4299:Nebraska 4289:Missouri 4274:Michigan 4264:Maryland 4249:Kentucky 4224:Illinois 4199:Delaware 4179:Colorado 4164:Arkansas 4124:Franklin 4044:Antietam 3915:Overland 3870:Maryland 3789:Theaters 3695:Theaters 3311:Category 3293:Columbia 2506:April 3, 2445:Archived 2394:Archived 2274:. p. 79. 2253:. p. 619 2074:cite web 2043:. p. 60. 2013:cite web 1967:cite web 1768:See also 1753:— 1543:— 1510:citizens 1490:Savannah 1486:Beaufort 1392:planters 1193:— 1175:— 1127:Palmetto 1105:— 1082:— 1060:— 1033:— 984:— 960:— 937:Columbia 927:— 911:— 889:— 842:— 825:— 803:— 793:Barnwell 711:infantry 583:Seminole 563:Cherokee 522:Virginia 517:Missouri 512:Kentucky 496:Virginia 451:Arkansas 286:Timeline 256:a series 254:Part of 216:Senators 185:Governor 169:armories 103:Columbia 6666:34; 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Knowledge (XXG)

South Carolina in the American Civil War

Index