129:
422:. To this species also a number of additional remains have been tentatively assigned. The problem with the indeterminate New Zealand specimens is that they at least in part are intermediate in size between the two species. It may be that
104:
465:
was recovered in southernmost Chile, from middle to late Eocene beds of the Río Turbio
Formation, near Puerto Natales, 200 km (120 mi) south from Torres del Paine National Park.
430:. Bones unassignable to species also were found on Seymour Island, but in these cases they seem to be from juvenile individuals or are simply too damaged to be of diagnostic value.
787:
713:
946:
705:
1055:
933:
779:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1035:
863:
596:
743:
1030:
813:
Sallabery, Michel A.; Yury-Yáñez, Roberto E.; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Torres G., Teresa (November 2010).
128:
1050:
1040:
407:, but numerous other bones have been tentatively assigned to the species. The other described New Zealand species,
1015:
332:. They were probably larger than almost all living penguins, with the smaller species being about the size of an
262:
240:
1025:
280:
822:
438:
1010:
886:
775:
722:
701:
591:
274:
796:
446:
1020:
982:
396:
268:
415:
490:
The genus is the namesake for the subfamily of primitive penguins, Palaeeudyptinae. Altogether, their
1045:
961:
831:
660:
605:
870:
541:
369:
246:
223:
111:
924:
855:
847:
629:
621:
573:
289:
123:
475:
987:
969:
951:
565:
496:
480:
974:
506:. The exact nature of the relationship of the Palaeeudyptinae to modern penguins is unknown.
839:
678:
668:
613:
557:
494:
characteristics seem to have been somewhat less advanced that those of the slightly smaller
341:
814:
445:(South Australian Museum P7158) and assignable to this genus were found in the Late Eocene
419:
389:
333:
203:
835:
664:
609:
373:
649:"New giant penguin bones from Antarctica: Systematic and paleobiological significance"
561:
1004:
859:
758:
577:
61:
633:
502:
450:
232:
918:
434:
404:
36:
909:
673:
648:
411:, is known from parts of a skeleton, mainly leg bones, from the Middle or Late
377:
365:
301:
81:
46:
569:
491:
458:
393:
140:
86:
617:
903:
454:
160:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
851:
938:
683:
516:
442:
400:
329:
325:
318:
190:
180:
103:
91:
66:
594:(28 September 1971). "Review of Fossil Penguins from Seymour Island".
843:
625:
412:
385:
361:
150:
880:
815:"Eocene Birds from the Western Margin of Southernmost South America"
545:
321:
388:
penguin described, is only really known from a single incomplete
170:
884:
114:’s original illustration of the fossil of an ankle bone from
360:) are known from numerous remains found in Middle or Late
744:"Eocene penguins of Seymour Island, Antarctica: Taxonomy"
706:"A review of the pre-Pleistocene penguins of New Zealand"
546:"On a Fossil Bird and a Fossil Cetacean from New Zealand"
479:, based on two Seymour Island humeri, is apparently a
869:
from the original on 12 October 2021 – via the
550:
Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society of London
461:. Additionally, an incomplete humerus identified as
893:
737:
735:
788:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
714:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
696:
694:
344:) and weighed up to 116 kg (256 lb).
8:
881:
102:
20:
682:
672:
533:
520:, a genus historically referred to as
340:, having 2 meters (6.6 ft) long (
399:(23 to 28, possibly up to 34 MYA) at
328:, currently containing four accepted
7:
962:97c43bbc-9a8a-4418-9a50-b8b96423552b
500:and about on par with the gigantic
647:Hospitaleche, Carolina A. (2014).
597:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
14:
562:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1859.015.01-02.73
433:In addition, an incomplete right
426:simply evolved into the smaller
127:
1056:Prehistoric birds of Antarctica
1071:Cenozoic animals of Antarctica
1:
1066:Fossil taxa described in 1859
342:measuring tip of beak to tail
1061:Extinct birds of New Zealand
32:Middle Eocene–Late Oligocene
1036:Cenozoic animals of Oceania
742:Jadwiszczak, Piotr (2006).
336:, and the largest species,
1087:
674:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.03.008
352:Of the four species, two (
757:(1): 3–62. Archived from
721:: 319–378. Archived from
295:
288:
263:Palaeeudyptes antarcticus
259:
254:
241:Palaeeudyptes antarcticus
238:
231:
124:Scientific classification
122:
116:Palaeeudyptes antarcticus
110:
101:
23:
338:Palaeeudyptes klekowskii
281:Palaeeudyptes klekowskii
823:Journal of Paleontology
776:Simpson, George Gaylord
702:Simpson, George Gaylord
592:Simpson, George Gaylord
439:South Australian Museum
795:: 7–99. Archived from
653:Comptes Rendus Palevol
618:10.1098/rspb.1971.0070
275:Palaeeudyptes marplesi
16:Extinct genus of birds
983:Paleobiology Database
751:Polish Polar Research
441:P10862) and one left
269:Palaeeudyptes gunnari
802:on 21 February 2007.
542:Huxley, Thomas Henry
1031:Cenozoic Antarctica
871:University of Chile
836:2010JPal...84.1061S
665:2014CRPal..13..555A
610:1971RSPSB.178..357S
473:The supposed genus
447:Blanche Point Marls
370:La Meseta Formation
118:described in 1859.
728:on 11 August 2007.
418:(34 to 40 MYA) at
397:Otekaike Limestone
392:found in the Late
1051:Prehistoric birds
1041:Paleogene Oceania
998:
997:
970:Open Tree of Life
887:Taxon identifiers
780:"Fossil Penguins"
778:(8 August 1946).
604:(1053): 357–387.
544:(February 1859).
497:Archaeospheniscus
420:Burnside, Dunedin
416:Burnside Mudstone
364:strata (34 to 50
310:
309:
305:
227:
1078:
1016:Extinct penguins
991:
990:
978:
977:
965:
964:
955:
954:
942:
941:
929:
928:
927:
914:
913:
912:
882:
875:
874:
868:
844:10.1666/09-157.1
830:(6): 1061–1071.
819:
810:
804:
803:
801:
784:
772:
766:
765:
764:on 24 July 2007.
763:
748:
739:
730:
729:
727:
710:
704:(23 June 1971).
698:
689:
688:
686:
676:
644:
638:
637:
588:
582:
581:
556:(1–2): 670–677.
538:
300:
222:
215:
202:
132:
131:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1026:Oligocene birds
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
986:
981:
973:
968:
960:
958:
950:
945:
937:
932:
923:
922:
917:
908:
907:
902:
889:
879:
878:
866:
817:
812:
811:
807:
799:
782:
774:
773:
769:
761:
746:
741:
740:
733:
725:
708:
700:
699:
692:
646:
645:
641:
590:
589:
585:
540:
539:
535:
530:
512:
471:
390:tarsometatarsus
350:
334:emperor penguin
278:
272:
266:
250:
244:
221:
213:
204:Palaeeudyptinae
200:
181:Sphenisciformes
126:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1084:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
979:
966:
956:
943:
930:
915:
899:
897:
891:
890:
885:
877:
876:
805:
767:
731:
690:
659:(7): 555–560.
639:
583:
532:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
511:
508:
470:
467:
428:P. antarcticus
382:P. antarcticus
374:Seymour Island
349:
346:
308:
307:
293:
292:
286:
285:
257:
256:
252:
251:
245:
236:
235:
229:
228:
211:
207:
206:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
120:
119:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Palaeeudyptes
1009:
1008:
1006:
989:
984:
980:
976:
971:
967:
963:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
935:
931:
926:
925:Palaeeudyptes
920:
916:
911:
905:
901:
900:
898:
896:
895:Palaeeudyptes
892:
888:
883:
872:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
816:
809:
806:
798:
794:
790:
789:
781:
777:
771:
768:
760:
756:
752:
745:
738:
736:
732:
724:
720:
716:
715:
707:
703:
697:
695:
691:
685:
680:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
643:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:
593:
587:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
537:
534:
527:
523:
522:Palaeeudyptes
519:
518:
514:
513:
509:
507:
505:
504:
499:
498:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:
468:
466:
464:
463:Palaeeudyptes
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:P. klekowskii
355:
348:Known species
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
315:
314:Palaeeudyptes
306:
303:
299:
298:Eosphaeniscus
294:
291:
287:
284:
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
270:
265:
264:
258:
253:
248:
243:
242:
237:
234:
230:
225:
220:
219:
218:Palaeeudyptes
212:
209:
208:
205:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
25:Palaeeudyptes
22:
19:
1021:Eocene birds
894:
827:
821:
808:
797:the original
792:
786:
770:
759:the original
754:
750:
723:the original
718:
712:
656:
652:
642:
601:
595:
586:
553:
549:
536:
521:
515:
503:Anthropornis
501:
495:
492:osteological
489:
484:
474:
472:
462:
451:Witton Bluff
432:
427:
423:
408:
384:, the first
381:
357:
353:
351:
337:
313:
312:
311:
297:
296:
279:
273:
267:
261:
260:
239:
233:Type species
217:
216:
191:Spheniscidae
115:
24:
18:
1046:Bird genera
919:Wikispecies
684:11336/32571
435:tibiotarsus
424:P. marplesi
409:P. marplesi
405:New Zealand
197:Subfamily:
1005:Categories
528:References
485:P. gunnari
476:Wimanornis
378:Antarctica
354:P. gunnari
860:130993018
578:130362530
570:0370-291X
469:Phylogeny
459:Australia
394:Oligocene
368:) of the
324:of large
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
910:Q3889299
904:Wikidata
864:Archived
852:40925983
634:84900109
510:See also
455:Adelaide
326:penguins
290:Synonyms
255:Species
187:Family:
161:Chordata
157:Phylum:
151:Animalia
137:Domain:
975:4130829
952:1192786
939:4844801
832:Bibcode
661:Bibcode
606:Bibcode
517:Kairuku
481:synonym
443:humerus
401:Kakanui
330:species
319:extinct
210:Genus:
177:Order:
167:Class:
959:NZOR:
858:
850:
632:
624:
576:
568:
413:Eocene
386:fossil
362:Eocene
317:is an
304:, 1905
249:, 1859
247:Huxley
226:, 1859
224:Huxley
112:Huxley
988:92183
947:IRMNG
867:(PDF)
856:S2CID
848:JSTOR
818:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
783:(PDF)
762:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
726:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
630:S2CID
626:75962
622:JSTOR
574:S2CID
453:near
322:genus
302:Wiman
934:GBIF
566:ISSN
356:and
171:Aves
37:PreꞒ
840:doi
719:144
679:hdl
669:doi
614:doi
602:178
558:doi
483:of
449:at
372:on
366:MYA
1007::
985::
972::
949::
936::
921::
906::
862:.
854:.
846:.
838:.
828:84
826:.
820:.
793:87
791:.
785:.
755:27
753:.
749:.
734:^
717:.
711:.
693:^
677:.
667:.
657:13
655:.
651:.
628:.
620:.
612:.
600:.
572:.
564:.
554:15
552:.
548:.
487:.
457:,
403:,
380:.
376:,
87:Pg
873:.
842::
834::
687:.
681::
671::
663::
636:.
616::
608::
580:.
560::
437:(
214:†
201:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
