572:
107:
522:
136:
1604:
483:
was the size of a small mustelid but had a hypercarnivorous dentition and its taxonomic position remains enigmatic. Its dental morphology includes both mustelid (reduced m2) and feliform (slit-like carnassial notch, loss of metaconid on m2, presence of parastyle on P4) features, and
766:
and argued that these taxa share some derived dental features not present in other feliforms, and retain some primitive dental features that have been modified in other feliforms. Flynn & Galiano, however, placed
1539:"Die affen, lemuren, chiropteren, insectivoren, marsupialier, creodonten und carnivoren des Europäischen Tertiärs und deren Beziehungen zu ihren lebenden und fossilen Aussereuropäischen verwandten"
797:
as closely related to the family
Viverravidae but, because it does not share any "unambiguous synapomorphies with either Feliformia or Caniformia", should be considered
3540:
629:
specimens were based), but
Matthew argued that the correspondence in horizon and size made the "identification reasonably safe." He nevertheless described it as a "
1515:
3634:
726:
species from Europe and North
America into four taxa based on age occurrence, size difference, presence of M2, and loss of p1. Two species from Mongolia (
472:(p1 double-rooted, m2 relatively large, very small overall size) and that the genus probably originated there and migrated to Europe and North America.
3527:
3604:
3629:
1496:"The carnivore guild of the Taatsiin Gol area: Hyaenodontidae (Creaodonta), Carnivora, and Didymoconida from the Oligocene of Central Mongolia"
3614:
1635:
742:
who argued that the smaller individuals most likely were female and the larger male members of the same species, like in modern mustelids.
1435:
1098:
1050:
1516:"Guild structure of the carnivorous mammals (Creodonta, Carnivora) from the Taatsiin Gol area, Lower Oligocene of Central Mongolia"
1250:
Zoologie et paléontologie françaises (animaux vertébrés): ou nouvelles recherches sur les animaux vivants et fossiles de la France
3609:
447:
1287:
1480:
3599:
3594:
1613:
1582:
1230:
1146:
1115:
1067:
135:
3624:
613:. Simpson, however, thought this molar was "very closely similar" in both genera and synonymized Cope's genus with
3619:
3413:
1534:
1209:
Flynn, J. J.; Galiano, H. (1982). "Phylogeny of Early
Tertiary Carnivora, With a Description of a New Species of
501:, one of the smallest species, has been estimated to much less than a kilo based on teeth sizes. It was probably
3034:
1628:
1311:
1194:"Recherches sur les phosphorites du Quercy. Étude des fossiles qu'on y recontre et spécialement des mammifères"
1372:
828:
571:
1043:
Evolution of
Tertiary Mammals of North America: Terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulatelike mammals
106:
3495:
1562:
1390:
1608:
1193:
3566:
1163:(1873). "Synopsis of New Vertebrata from the Tertiary of Colorado: Obtained During the Summer of 1873".
2751:
3067:
1323:
2385:
1439:
521:
1814:
1756:
1621:
1538:
1160:
2690:
1920:
1890:
1343:
Macdonald, J. R. (1963). "The
Miocene faunas from the Wounded Knee area of western South Dakota".
1248:
351:
311:
2916:
2876:
2779:
1910:
1900:
1468:
361:
130:
3011:
2981:
2896:
2866:
2802:
2700:
2670:
2650:
2609:
2395:
2096:
1940:
1290:(1988). "Correlation of carnassial tooth size and body weight in recent carnivores (mammalia)".
3571:
3057:
2886:
2616:
2602:
2375:
2365:
2086:
2062:
3553:
3545:
1880:
1550:
1415:
1360:
1271:
1177:
1094:
1046:
1038:
3558:
1174:
Die
Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocän (Burdigalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstätt in Bayern
3402:
2660:
1570:
1460:
1423:
1402:
1352:
1331:
1299:
1218:
1082:
1165:
Unclassified
Publications of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories
3245:
3121:
3025:
2842:
2765:
1495:
1259:
1086:
1327:
407:
of North
America, Europe, and Eastern Asia. A small carnivore often associated with the
3045:
3001:
2293:
1967:
1784:
1283:
490:
440:
416:
3588:
3461:
3111:
2758:
2730:
2714:
2593:
2562:
2026:
1718:
1472:
784:
469:
455:
404:
210:
64:
3368:
3358:
3341:
3195:
3161:
2906:
2772:
2457:
2450:
2279:
2155:
2042:
2015:
1930:
1870:
1260:"Brooksville 2 local fauna (Arikareean, latest Oligocene) Hernando County, Florida"
1244:
1189:
780:
758:
301:
1393:(1902). "On the skull of Bunaelurus, a musteline from the White River Oligocene".
3451:
3425:
3388:
3351:
3310:
3300:
3273:
3259:
3181:
3151:
2737:
2723:
2680:
2572:
2505:
2484:
2406:
2349:
2327:
2249:
2164:
2140:
2126:
2116:
2076:
1978:
1845:
1825:
1804:
396:
39:
3518:
3378:
3334:
3324:
3317:
3283:
3204:
3171:
3101:
2923:
2790:
2579:
2475:
2320:
2304:
2270:
2261:
2107:
1987:
1951:
1854:
1768:
1745:
1703:
1645:
1335:
1303:
444:
408:
197:
84:
49:
1554:
3266:
3211:
3141:
3131:
3074:
2991:
2832:
2820:
2634:
2623:
2547:
2443:
2436:
2184:
2035:
2008:
2001:
1688:
1275:
1181:
803:
749:
502:
400:
187:
147:
89:
33:
1364:
1603:
3512:
3441:
3434:
3238:
3231:
2964:
2951:
2809:
2744:
2519:
2498:
2491:
2464:
2429:
2422:
2334:
2286:
2212:
2052:
1994:
1834:
1676:
1649:
1451:
Morlo, M. (1996). "Carnivoren aus dem Unter-Miozän des
Mainzer Beckens".
763:
167:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
1444:
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde
3532:
3222:
3085:
2849:
2313:
2133:
1960:
1794:
1657:
1464:
424:
94:
69:
2856:
2512:
2415:
2069:
1682:
1670:
1574:
1427:
1406:
1356:
1222:
177:
157:
3489:
450:) specimens from Pipestone Springs, Montana, are the oldest known.
3252:
1653:
570:
520:
420:
392:
3290:
439:
remains enigmatic. The genus appears in Europe 32 Ma, after the
3493:
2949:
2545:
2247:
1701:
1617:
1176:. Munich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
1543:
Beiträge zur Paläontologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients
1045:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152–173.
775:
within this infraorder, and pointed out that the grouping of
1091:
The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America
568:, a name that has remained accepted for the type species.
1129:
de Bonis, L. G. (1981). "Contribution à l'étude du genre
625:". The skull was found without lower jaws (on which all
552:), he only gave a very vague description of these taxa.
1418:(1924). "New Carnivora from the Tertiary of Mongolia".
1041:. In Janis, C. M.; Scott, K. M.; Jacobs, L. L. (eds.).
867:
865:
635:
621:
described a skull which he referred to Cope's genus "
3457:
3447:
3399:
3384:
3374:
3364:
3347:
3330:
3306:
3296:
3279:
3192:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3137:
3127:
3117:
3107:
3097:
3063:
3053:
3022:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2912:
2902:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2838:
2828:
2798:
2711:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2666:
2656:
2646:
2590:
2559:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2122:
2092:
2082:
2058:
2048:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1810:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1742:
1726:
1715:
458:
of Europe and the early Early Miocene of East Asia.
3502:
3424:
3398:
3221:
3191:
3084:
3044:
3021:
2962:
2819:
2789:
2710:
2633:
2589:
2558:
2474:
2405:
2348:
2303:
2269:
2260:
2211:
2183:
2163:
2154:
2106:
2025:
1977:
1950:
1853:
1844:
1824:
1767:
1741:
1714:
1345:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
1565:(1946). "Palaeogale and allied early mustelids".
1264:Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History
1213:From the Middle Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming".
956:
954:
1314:(1932). "The small carnivores of the Miocene".
601:, he distinguished the genus from the European
735:
1629:
856:
8:
1440:"Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn gerichtet"
1020:
1008:
996:
901:
899:
897:
884:
882:
880:
745:
633:with a minute second molar still retained."
3490:
3090:
2970:
2959:
2946:
2639:
2555:
2542:
2354:
2266:
2257:
2244:
2160:
1859:
1850:
1773:
1711:
1698:
1636:
1622:
1614:
921:
917:
871:
461:
105:
20:
933:
561:
537:
530:
468:specimens found in Mongolia are the most
252:
230:
1083:"Small Arctoid and Feliform Carnivorans"
719:
1198:Annales des Sciences Géologiques, Paris
984:
972:
960:
945:
820:
739:
618:
590:
584:
553:
347:
307:
123:
1081:Baskin, J. A.; Tedford, R. H. (2005).
905:
790:
335:
265:
1116:"J. A. Baskin and R. H. Tedford 1996"
888:
597:described the North American species
395:of carnivorous mammal known from the
323:
7:
1135:Annales de Paléontologie (Vertébrés)
594:
375:
290:
278:
3635:Oligocene mammals of North America
807:, another very small carnivoran.)
609:in part) based on differences in M
415:might have been similar to living
14:
1231:"J. J. Flynn and H. Galiano 1982"
488:is typically placed in Carnivora
1602:
801:within Carnivora (together with
787:was a hypothetical arrangement.
513:and probably equivalent in age.
134:
722:synonymized the then described
3605:Eocene genus first appearances
1133:Meyer (Mammalia, Carnivora)".
1093:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
3630:Quercy Phosphorites Formation
1514:Nagel, D.; Morlo, M. (2003).
1494:Morlo, M.; Nagel, D. (2007).
708:Late Oligocene, Early Miocene
677:Late Oligocene, Early Miocene
556:described a related species,
525:Mandible of the type species
1377:Macdonald 1963 (carnivoran)"
661:Late Eocene, Early Oligocene
564:thought identical and named
3615:Oligocene mammals of Europe
1316:American Journal of Science
16:Extinct genus of carnivores
3651:
1660:, and their extinct allies
736:Matthew & Granger 1924
3093:
2973:
2958:
2945:
2642:
2554:
2541:
2357:
2256:
2243:
1862:
1776:
1710:
1697:
1665:
1567:American Museum Novitates
1503:Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien
1420:American Museum Novitates
1336:10.2475/ajs.s5-24.142.316
1304:10.1080/08912968809386468
1253:. Paris: Arthus Bertrand.
1215:American Museum Novitates
857:Baskin & Tedford 2005
367:
360:
243:
238:
131:Scientific classification
129:
113:
104:
23:
1021:Flynn & Galiano 1982
1009:Flynn & Galiano 1982
997:Flynn & Galiano 1982
746:Flynn & Galiano 1982
509:is slightly larger than
454:survived until the late
3610:Burdigalian extinctions
1453:Senckenbergiana Lethaea
748:created the infraorder
637:De Bonis' four species
1089:; Emry, R. J. (eds.).
1037:Baskin, J. A. (1998).
922:Morlo & Nagel 2007
918:Nagel & Morlo 2003
872:Morlo & Nagel 2007
587:
533:
462:Morlo & Nagel 2007
3567:Paleobiology Database
1611:at Wikimedia Commons
1258:Hayes, F. G. (2000).
924:, p. 227, Fig. 2
599:Bunaelurus lagophagus
574:
524:
1583:"G. G. Simpson 1946"
1395:Bulletin of the AMNH
1375:Palaeogale dorothiae
738:were synonymized by
443:, but 35-36 Ma-old (
3600:Miocene carnivorans
3595:Oligocene feliforms
1328:1932AmJS...24..316L
1068:"J. A. Baskin 1998"
783:in the superfamily
667:M2 and p1 retained
638:
499:Palaeogale sectoria
1465:10.1007/BF03042850
1292:Historical Biology
1147:"L. de Bonis 1981"
975:, pp. 137–138
651:Dental morphology
636:
588:
534:
3625:Fossils of France
3582:
3581:
3554:Open Tree of Life
3496:Taxon identifiers
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2344:
2343:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2150:
2149:
1607:Media related to
1172:Dehm, R. (1950).
717:
716:
575:Inferior view of
566:Palaeogale minuta
544:and two species (
517:Taxonomic history
497:The body mass of
384:
383:
378:
354:
338:
326:
319:P. praehyaenoides
314:
293:
281:
269:
256:
234:
3642:
3620:Paleogene France
3575:
3574:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3491:
3459:
3449:
3414:Machairodontinae
3403:Machairodontinae
3401:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3349:
3332:
3308:
3298:
3281:
3194:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3099:
3091:
3065:
3055:
3024:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2979:
2971:
2960:
2947:
2914:
2904:
2894:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2840:
2830:
2800:
2752:Miohyaenotherium
2713:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2640:
2592:
2561:
2556:
2543:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2355:
2267:
2258:
2245:
2161:
2124:
2094:
2084:
2060:
2050:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1860:
1851:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1774:
1744:
1728:
1717:
1712:
1699:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1590:
1578:
1558:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1459:(1–2): 193–249.
1447:
1431:
1414:Matthew, W. D.;
1410:
1384:
1368:
1339:
1322:(142): 316–329.
1307:
1279:
1254:
1238:
1226:
1205:
1185:
1168:
1154:
1142:
1123:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1075:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
915:
909:
903:
892:
891:, pp. 23–26
886:
875:
869:
860:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
825:
639:
593:wrote that when
540:named the genus
435:The ancestry of
374:
352:Pl. XVIII, p. 10
346:
334:
322:
312:Pl. XVIII, p. 10
306:
289:
277:
264:
251:
229:
222:
209:
139:
138:
114:Lateral view of
109:
99:
36:
32:33.9–15.97
29:Temporal range:
21:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3498:
3488:
3467:
3420:
3394:
3217:
3187:
3122:Hyperailurictis
3080:
3068:Palaeoprionodon
3040:
3035:Barbourofelidae
3026:Barbourofelidae
3017:
2967:
2954:
2929:
2843:Chasmaporthetes
2815:
2785:
2766:Protictitherium
2706:
2629:
2585:
2550:
2525:
2470:
2401:
2340:
2299:
2252:
2227:
2199:
2179:
2146:
2102:
2021:
1973:
1946:
1840:
1820:
1763:
1737:
1706:
1693:
1661:
1642:
1600:
1595:
1581:
1561:
1533:
1518:
1513:
1498:
1493:
1481:"M. Morlo 1996"
1479:
1450:
1434:
1413:
1389:
1371:
1342:
1310:
1282:
1257:
1243:
1229:
1208:
1188:
1171:
1159:
1145:
1128:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1087:Prothero, D. R.
1080:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
987:, pp. 9–11
983:
979:
971:
967:
959:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:, p. 424;
916:
912:
904:
895:
887:
878:
870:
863:
855:
851:
841:
839:
827:
826:
822:
818:
813:
752:to accommodate
734:) described by
683:M2 and p1 lost
612:
519:
507:P. sanguinarius
478:
464:noted that the
433:
373:
345:
333:
331:P. sanguinarius
321:
305:
288:
276:
263:
250:
228:
220:
207:
133:
100:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3648:
3646:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3563:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3355:
3345:
3338:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3304:
3294:
3287:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3145:
3135:
3125:
3115:
3105:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3061:
3050:
3048:
3046:Prionodontidae
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3028:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3002:Stenoplesictis
2995:
2985:
2974:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2836:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2776:
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2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
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2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
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2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2386:Leptoplesictis
2379:
2369:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2120:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
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1944:
1934:
1924:
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1904:
1894:
1884:
1874:
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1841:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
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1818:
1808:
1798:
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1785:Alagtsavbaatar
1777:
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1633:
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1618:
1599:
1598:External links
1596:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1563:Simpson, G. G.
1559:
1549:(1–2): 1–224.
1531:
1511:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1448:
1432:
1411:
1391:Matthew, W. D.
1387:
1386:
1385:
1351:(3): 139–238.
1340:
1308:
1280:
1255:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1217:(2725): 1–64.
1206:
1186:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1099:
1078:
1077:
1076:
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1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
950:
938:
934:Schlosser 1888
926:
910:
893:
876:
861:
849:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
799:incertae sedis
773:incertae sedis
715:
714:
712:
709:
706:
700:
699:
697:
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691:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
653:
652:
649:
646:
643:
610:
562:Schlosser 1888
558:Mustela minuta
538:von Meyer 1846
531:Schlosser 1888
518:
515:
491:incertae sedis
477:
474:
441:Grande Coupure
432:
429:
391:is an extinct
382:
381:
380:
379:
365:
364:
358:
357:
356:
355:
339:
327:
315:
294:
282:
270:
257:
253:Macdonald 1963
241:
240:
236:
235:
231:von Meyer 1846
218:
214:
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205:
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195:
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160:
155:
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145:
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140:
127:
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111:
110:
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101:
93:
88:
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78:
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68:
63:
58:
53:
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43:
38:
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28:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
3647:
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3520:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3464:
3463:
3462:Pachypanthera
3456:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
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3363:
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3360:
3356:
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3353:
3346:
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3339:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:Diamantofelis
3106:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2926:
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2921:
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2918:
2911:
2909:
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2901:
2899:
2898:
2891:
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2888:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2869:
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2859:
2858:
2854:
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2845:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:Plioviverrops
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2731:Hyaenotherium
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2715:Ictitheriinae
2709:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2594:Lophocyonidae
2588:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:Percrocutidae
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
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2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2027:Paradoxurinae
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1815:Shandgolictis
1809:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1719:Palaeogalidae
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:Schlosser, M.
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:von Meyer, H.
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:Loomis, F. B.
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1100:9780521021098
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1052:9780521355193
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
986:
981:
978:
974:
969:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
942:
939:
936:, p. 157
935:
930:
927:
923:
919:
914:
911:
908:, p. 165
907:
902:
900:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
881:
877:
874:, p. 228
873:
868:
866:
862:
859:, p. 496
858:
853:
850:
838:
834:
832:
824:
821:
815:
810:
808:
806:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
786:
785:Viverravoidea
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
761:
760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:de Bonis 1981
713:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
690:
689:P. hyaenoides
687:
686:
682:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
644:
641:
640:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
586:
582:
578:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
532:
528:
523:
516:
514:
512:
508:
504:
503:semifossorial
500:
495:
493:
492:
487:
482:
475:
473:
471:
470:plesiomorphic
467:
463:
459:
457:
456:Early Miocene
453:
449:
446:
442:
438:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:Early Miocene
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
377:
372:
369:
368:
366:
363:
359:
353:
349:
344:
340:
337:
332:
328:
325:
320:
316:
313:
309:
303:
299:
295:
292:
287:
286:P. lagophagus
283:
280:
275:
274:P. hyaenoides
271:
267:
262:
258:
255:, p. 219
254:
249:
245:
244:
242:
237:
233:, p. 474
232:
227:
226:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:Palaeogalidae
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
112:
108:
103:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
26:
22:
19:
3503:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3433:
3387:
3377:
3369:Sivapanthera
3367:
3357:
3350:
3342:Prionailurus
3340:
3333:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3299:
3289:
3282:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3210:
3203:
3196:Proailurinae
3180:
3170:
3162:Pseudaelurus
3160:
3150:
3140:
3130:
3120:
3110:
3100:
3073:
3066:
3056:
3010:
3000:
2990:
2980:
2922:
2915:
2907:Pachycrocuta
2905:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2831:
2808:
2801:
2778:
2773:Thalassictis
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2699:
2691:Tongxinictis
2689:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2578:
2571:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2463:
2456:
2451:Paracynictis
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2292:
2285:
2280:Cryptoprocta
2278:
2156:Herpestoidea
2139:
2132:
2125:
2115:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2051:
2043:Arctogalidia
2041:
2034:
2016:Macrogalidia
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1966:
1959:
1939:
1931:Moghradictis
1929:
1921:Mioprionodon
1919:
1909:
1899:
1891:Forsythictis
1889:
1879:
1871:Africanictis
1869:
1833:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1730:
1729:
1601:
1586:
1566:
1546:
1542:
1526:
1522:
1506:
1502:
1484:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1419:
1398:
1394:
1380:
1374:
1348:
1344:
1319:
1315:
1298:(1): 85–98.
1295:
1291:
1284:Legendre, S.
1267:
1263:
1249:
1234:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1173:
1164:
1150:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1119:
1104:. Retrieved
1090:
1071:
1056:. Retrieved
1042:
1039:"Mustelidae"
1023:, p. 47
1016:
1011:, p. 60
1004:
999:, p. 35
992:
985:Simpson 1946
980:
973:Matthew 1902
968:
961:Simpson 1946
946:Simpson 1946
941:
929:
913:
852:
840:. Retrieved
836:
830:
823:
802:
798:
794:
789:
781:Viverravidae
776:
772:
769:Ictidopappus
768:
759:Ictidopappus
757:
753:
744:
740:Simpson 1946
731:
727:
723:
718:
704:P. dorothiae
703:
688:
672:
656:
630:
626:
622:
619:Matthew 1902
614:
606:
602:
598:
591:Simpson 1946
589:
585:Matthew 1902
580:
576:
565:
557:
554:Gervais 1848
549:
546:P. pulchella
545:
541:
535:
526:
511:P. dorothiae
510:
506:
498:
496:
489:
485:
480:
479:
465:
460:
451:
436:
434:
412:
387:
386:
385:
370:
348:Gervais 1848
342:
330:
318:
308:Gervais 1848
297:
285:
273:
268:, p. 39
260:
248:P. dorothiae
247:
224:
223:
124:Matthew 1902
119:
115:
24:
18:
3452:Leontoceryx
3426:Pantherinae
3389:Vishnufelis
3352:Pristifelis
3311:Miracinonyx
3301:Magerifelis
3274:Leptailurus
3260:Herpailurus
3182:Styriofelis
3152:Miopanthera
2917:Palinhyaena
2877:Ikelohyaena
2780:Tungurictis
2738:Ictitherium
2724:Herpestides
2681:Pliocrocuta
2573:Dinocrocuta
2506:Liberiictis
2485:Crossarchus
2407:Herpestinae
2350:Herpestidae
2328:Mungotictis
2250:Herpestidae
2165:Herpestidae
2141:Viverricula
2127:Semigenetta
2117:Civettictis
2077:Paradoxurus
1979:Hemigalinae
1911:Ketketictis
1901:Lufengictis
1846:Viverroidea
1826:Nandiniidae
1805:Asiavorator
1587:Fossilworks
1485:Fossilworks
1416:Granger, W.
1381:Fossilworks
1245:Gervais, P.
1235:Fossilworks
1204:(1): 1–562.
1161:Cope, E. D.
1151:Fossilworks
1120:Fossilworks
1106:17 December
1072:Fossilworks
1058:17 December
963:, p. 4
948:, p. 2
906:Baskin 1998
842:17 December
837:Fossilworks
791:Baskin 1998
657:P. sectoria
397:Late Eocene
343:P. sectoria
336:Loomis 1932
266:Filhol 1877
3589:Categories
3504:Palaeogale
3379:Sivapardus
3335:Pratifelis
3325:Pardofelis
3318:Otocolobus
3284:Leptofelis
3205:Proailurus
3172:Sivaelurus
3102:Asilifelis
3012:Viretictis
2982:Pseudictis
2924:Parahyaena
2897:Lycyaenops
2867:Hyaenictis
2803:Gansuyaena
2791:Protelinae
2701:Werdelinus
2671:Metahyaena
2651:Allohyaena
2610:Izmirictis
2580:Percrocuta
2476:Mungotinae
2396:Ugandictis
2321:Galidictis
2305:Galidiinae
2271:Euplerinae
2262:Eupleridae
2222:See below↓
2194:See below↓
2174:See below↓
2108:Viverrinae
2097:Tugenictis
1988:Chrotogale
1952:Genettinae
1941:Progenetta
1855:Viverridae
1769:Aeluroidea
1757:Nimravidae
1746:Nimravidae
1731:Palaeogale
1704:Feliformia
1644:Genera of
1609:Palaeogale
1529:: 419–429.
1509:: 217–231.
1446:: 462–476.
1190:Filhol, H.
1131:Palaeogale
889:Hayes 2000
831:Palaeogale
811:References
795:Palaeogale
777:Palaeogale
754:Palaeogale
732:P. parvula
728:P. ulysses
724:Palaeogale
631:Palaeogale
627:Bunaelurus
623:Bunaelurus
615:Palaeogale
607:Palaeogale
603:Plesiogale
581:Palaeogale
577:Bunaelurus
550:P. fecunda
542:Palaeogale
486:Palaeogale
481:Palaeogale
466:Palaeogale
452:Palaeogale
445:Chadronian
437:Palaeogale
431:Time range
413:Palaeogale
388:Palaeogale
371:Bunaelurus
324:Morlo 1996
225:Palaeogale
198:Feliformia
194:Suborder:
120:Palaeogale
116:Bunaelurus
25:Palaeogale
3267:Leopardus
3212:Vinayakia
3142:Namafelis
3132:Katifelis
3075:Prionodon
3058:Haplogale
2992:Stenogale
2887:Leecyaena
2833:Adcrocuta
2821:Hyaeninae
2635:Hyaenidae
2624:Sivanasua
2617:Lophocyon
2603:Euboictis
2548:Hyaenidae
2444:Ichneumia
2437:Herpestes
2376:Legetetia
2366:Kichechia
2185:Hyaenidae
2087:Siamictis
2063:Kichechia
2036:Arctictis
2009:Hemigalus
2002:Diplogale
1689:Carnivora
1669:Kingdom:
1650:mongooses
1575:2246/2311
1555:488976994
1473:131401280
1428:2246/3213
1407:2246/1549
1357:2246/1259
1223:2246/5338
1211:Protictis
804:Stenogale
793:accepted
750:Aeluroida
673:P. minuta
645:Time span
595:Cope 1873
527:P. minuta
409:mustelids
401:Oligocene
376:Cope 1873
298:P. minuta
291:Cope 1873
279:Dehm 1950
261:P. felina
188:Carnivora
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
3519:Q7127159
3513:Wikidata
3442:Panthera
3435:Neofelis
3239:Catopuma
3232:Acinonyx
2965:Feloidea
2952:Feloidea
2810:Proteles
2745:Lycyaena
2520:Suricata
2499:Helogale
2492:Dologale
2465:Xenogale
2430:Cynictis
2423:Bdeogale
2335:Salanoia
2287:Eupleres
2213:Feloidea
2053:Kanuites
1995:Cynogale
1881:Dunictis
1835:Nandinia
1683:Mammalia
1677:Chordata
1675:Phylum:
1671:Animalia
1569:(1320).
1537:(1888).
1438:(1846).
1288:Roth, C.
1276:45207686
1247:(1848).
1192:(1877).
1182:21918472
1141:: 37–56.
779:and the
764:Feloidea
680:Smallest
560:, which
425:linsangs
362:Synonyms
239:Species
204:Family:
178:Mammalia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
3559:3613108
3546:1288776
3533:4833423
3246:Caracal
3223:Felinae
3086:Felidae
2850:Crocuta
2314:Galidia
2134:Viverra
1961:Genetta
1795:Anictis
1687:Order:
1681:Class:
1523:Deinsea
1422:(104).
1365:2638176
1324:Bibcode
1030:Sources
711:Largest
693:Miocene
642:Species
583:) from
529:, from
476:Anatomy
217:Genus:
184:Order:
174:Class:
122:) from
2857:Hyaena
2661:Belbus
2513:Mungos
2416:Atilax
2070:Paguma
1968:Poiana
1654:hyenas
1646:civets
1553:
1471:
1363:
1274:
1180:
1097:
1049:
762:, and
696:Medium
664:Medium
423:, and
421:civets
417:genets
403:, and
3572:40968
3541:IRMNG
3253:Felis
3033:(See
2294:Fossa
1519:(PDF)
1499:(PDF)
1469:S2CID
1318:. 5.
1270:(1).
1085:. In
816:Notes
536:When
448:NALMA
393:genus
3528:GBIF
3412:See
3359:Puma
3291:Lynx
2458:Urva
1755:See
1658:cats
1551:OCLC
1361:OCLC
1272:OCLC
1178:OCLC
1108:2021
1095:ISBN
1060:2021
1047:ISBN
844:2021
730:and
648:Size
548:and
302:type
40:PreꞒ
1571:hdl
1507:108
1461:doi
1424:hdl
1403:hdl
1353:hdl
1349:125
1332:doi
1300:doi
1219:hdl
771:as
3591::
3569::
3556::
3543::
3530::
3515::
1656:,
1652:,
1648:,
1585:.
1545:.
1541:.
1527:10
1525:.
1521:.
1505:.
1501:.
1483:.
1467:.
1457:76
1455:.
1442:.
1401:.
1399:16
1397:.
1379:.
1373:"†
1359:.
1347:.
1330:.
1320:24
1294:.
1286:;
1268:43
1266:.
1262:.
1233:.
1200:.
1196:.
1149:.
1139:63
1137:.
1118:.
1070:.
953:^
896:^
879:^
864:^
835:.
756:,
617:.
605:(=
579:(=
505:.
494:.
427:.
419:,
411:,
399:,
350:,
310:,
118:(=
90:Pg
34:Ma
3458:†
3448:†
3400:†
3385:†
3375:†
3365:†
3348:†
3331:†
3307:†
3297:†
3280:†
3193:†
3178:†
3168:†
3158:†
3148:†
3138:†
3128:†
3118:†
3108:†
3098:†
3064:†
3054:†
3037:)
3023:†
3008:†
2998:†
2988:†
2978:†
2913:†
2903:†
2893:†
2883:†
2873:†
2863:†
2839:†
2829:†
2799:†
2712:†
2697:†
2687:†
2677:†
2667:†
2657:†
2647:†
2591:†
2565:?
2560:†
2392:†
2382:†
2372:†
2362:†
2123:†
2093:†
2083:†
2059:†
2049:†
1937:†
1927:†
1917:†
1907:†
1897:†
1887:†
1877:†
1867:†
1811:†
1801:†
1791:†
1781:†
1743:†
1734:?
1727:†
1716:†
1637:e
1630:t
1623:v
1589:.
1577:.
1573::
1557:.
1547:7
1487:.
1475:.
1463::
1430:.
1426::
1409:.
1405::
1383:.
1367:.
1355::
1338:.
1334::
1326::
1306:.
1302::
1296:1
1278:.
1237:.
1225:.
1221::
1202:8
1184:.
1167:.
1153:.
1122:.
1110:.
1074:.
1062:.
846:.
833:"
829:"
611:2
341:†
329:†
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304:)
300:(
296:†
284:†
272:†
259:†
246:†
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208:†
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:Ꞓ
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