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On 12 December 1937, the
Naftali Botwin Company was established by renaming and reforming No. 2 Company of the Palafox Battalion into an officially Jewish unit. The new company had about 150 members from Poland, France, Belgium, Palestine and Spain. Its flag bore the Dabrowski motto ("For your
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were facing significant difficulties, both in Spain and abroad. Its supply of volunteers was drying up, as a result of high casualties and stories circulated by returning volunteers about harsh discipline and appalling conditions. The blockade on arms and materiel, organised by the
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leader in
October 1936. The idea was well received and a call for volunteers went out. However, Nahumi died shortly afterwards and the idea was not progressed. A year later, the idea was resurrected and pressure was put on
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The
International Brigade was one of the Comintern's most powerful propaganda tools ... Given the high proportion of Jews in the various communist parties, a Jewish fighting unit was a powerful propaganda
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to form the 4th battalion of XIII International
Brigade. It remained with the XIIIth Brigade until the International Brigades were demobilised on 23 September 1938.
286:("March of the Botwin Soldiers"). The lyrics were by Olek Nuss, who survived wounds in Spain only to be executed in Nazi-occupied France. It was published in
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and had a larger Soviet component than most battalions. It was commanded by a Major
Tkachev, and most of the four companies were led by
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to build new battalions around existing veteran companies and the
Palafox Battalion's third company was used as the nucleus for the
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and the remaining companies followed on 12 October 1937. At that time the
Palafox Battalion was merged with the
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freedom and ours") in
Yiddish and Polish on one side, and in Spanish on the other. It also had its own anthem,
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A case study of the Botwin company. School of
Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 2001.
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It was formed from Poles, Soviet citizens, with a nucleus of
Spanish volunteers from the
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lieutenants. It also contained Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lithuanians.
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241:, a Polish Jew who was executed in 1925 for killing a police informer.
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It had five companies of which No. 2 was a specifically Jewish unit.
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159:. On 4 August 1937, two of its companies were sent to reinforce the
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volunteers and was a sub-unit of the Palafox Battalion during the
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The Palafox Battalion was formed on 28 June 1937 as a unit of the
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The idea of a separate Jewish unit was first put forward to
348:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 182–183.
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Combattants Juifs dans l'Armée Républicaine Espagnole
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1938
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495:Military units and formations established in 1937
307:was also having its effect. As Zaagsma writes:
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378:Text of Brigade declaration (at marxism.org)
278:by a group of influential Paris communists.
461:Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War:
326:List of military units named after people
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424:""Botvin" newspaper and "Botvin" song"
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422:Vaisman, Iosif (September 27, 1997).
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123:was a volunteer unit of largely
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398:"Anthem of the Botwin Company"
213:It was common practice in the
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284:Der March der Botvin-soldaten
393:. Paris: Editions Renouveau.
229:This company was formed of
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475:The Naftali Botwin Company
305:Non-Intervention Committee
161:XIII International Brigade
91:XIII International Brigade
298:By the end of 1937, the
157:CL International Brigade
87:CL International Brigade
389:Diamant, David (1979).
344:Beevor, Antony (2006).
209:Adam Mickiewicz Company
201:4 Coy: Taras Szewczenko
490:International Brigades
300:International Brigades
267:French Communist Party
225:Naftali Botwin Company
215:International Brigades
204:5 Coy: Ludwik Warynski
198:3 Coy: Adam Mickiewicz
133:International Brigades
69:International Brigades
237:. It was named after
195:2 Coy: NaftalĂ Botwin
139:. It was named after
346:The Battle for Spain
261:by "Albert Nahumi" (
219:Mickiewicz Battalion
173:Pasionaria Battalion
165:Mickiewicz Battalion
294:Political dimension
131:composition in the
109:Battle of the Ebro
105:Zaragoza Offensive
78:Infantry battalion
355:978-0-7538-2165-7
321:Gershon Dua-Bogen
235:Spanish Civil War
137:Spanish Civil War
121:Palafox Battalion
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101:Battle of Brunete
19:Palafox Battalion
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459:Zaagsma, Gerben
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141:José de Palafox
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83:Part of
433:January 26,
407:January 26,
263:Arieh Weits
255:André Marty
251:Luigi Longo
135:during the
97:Engagements
484:Categories
332:References
245:Background
42:Allegiance
27:1937–1938
315:See also
259:Albacete
178:Red Army
454:Sources
428:Mendele
151:History
129:Spanish
32:Country
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288:Botwin
231:Jewish
192:1 Coy:
125:Polish
60:Branch
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36:Polish
24:Active
310:tool.
276:Marty
272:Longo
265:), a
435:2012
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350:ISBN
274:and
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75:Type
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
