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Basilio. In 1696, the colonial authorities subdued another rebellion there, and between 1713–7. Eventually, the
Spanish agreed to peace terms with the palenque of San Basilio, and in 1772, this community of maroons was included within the Mahates district, as long they no longer accepted any further runaways.
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language of Congo and Angola, and also by
Portuguese, the language of the slave traders who brought enslaved Africans to South America in the 17th century. Exact information on the different roots of Palenquero is still lacking, and there are different theories of its origin. In 2007, fewer than half
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reported on
October 18, 2007 that the language spoken in Palenque is thought to be the only Spanish-based creole language spoken in South America. Being a creole language, its grammar differs substantially from Spanish making the language unintelligible to Spanish speakers. Palenquero was influenced
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The village of
Palenque de San Basilio has a population of about 3,500 inhabitants and is located in the foothills of the Montes de María, southeast of the regional capital, Cartagena. The word "palenque" means "walled city" and the Palenque de San Basilio is only one of many walled communities that
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They tried to free all enslaved
Africans arriving at Cartagena and were quite successful. Therefore, the Spanish Crown issued a Royal Decree (1691), guaranteeing freedom to the Palenque de San Basilio Africans if they stopped welcoming new escapees. But runaways continued to escape to freedom in San
249:
where ships full of
Africans arrived. Some Africans escaped and set up Palenque de San Basilio, a town close to Cartagena. This community began in 1619, when Domingo Biohó led a group of about 30 runaways into the forests, and defeated attempts to subdue them. Biohó declared himself King Benkos, and
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were founded by escaped slaves as a refuge in the seventeenth century. Of the many palenques of escaped enslaved
Africans that existed previously San Basilio is the only one that survives. Many of the oral and musical traditions have roots in Palenque's African past. Africans were dispatched to
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defeated the first expedition sent against them, killing their leader Juan Gómez. The
Spanish arrived at terms with Biohó, but later they captured him, accused him of plotting against the Spanish, and had him hanged.
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A linguist born in
Palenquero is compiling a lexicon for the language and others are assembling a dictionary of Palenquero. The defenders of Palenquero continue working to keep the language alive.
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One of the first anthropological studies of the inhabitants of
Palenque de San Basilio was published by anthropologist Nina de Friedemann and photographer
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ancestors. In recent years people of indigenous ancestry have settled at the borders of Palenque, being displaced earlier by the Colombian civil war.
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488:, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 79–80.
475:, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 77–9.
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his palenque of San Basilio attracted large numbers of runaways to join his community. His
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and have preserved their ancestral traditions and have developed also their own language;
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Colombian Ministry of Culture: San Basilio de Palenque, immaterial patrimony of Colombia
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215:. Palenque was the first free African town in the Americas, and in 2005 was declared a
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UNESCO. "Proclamation 2005: "The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio."
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Palenque Through the Eyes of My Heart: My First Trip by Vivian Liberman
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In the village of Palenque de San Basilio most of its inhabitants are
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295:. In 2005, the Palenque de San Basilio village was proclaimed
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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella
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of the community's 3,000 residents still speak Palenquero.
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Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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NYTIMES:A Language, Not Quite Spanish, With African Echoes
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UNESCO: The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio
555:"A Language, Not Quite Spanish, With African Echoes"
2016:
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517:"La esclavitud negra en la América española"
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323:Ma Ngombe: guerreros y ganaderos en Palenque
191:, often referred to by the locals simply as
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1647:Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia
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398:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
103:Cultural space of Palenque de San Basilio
1651:Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia
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457:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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519:(in Spanish). gabrielbernat.es. 2003.
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2273:Populated places established in 1619
287:brought by the Europeans during the
1706:La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival
673:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage
111:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
1598:Baltic song and dance celebrations
530:Friedemann, Nina; Cross, Richard.
30:Corregimiento in Bolívar, Colombia
25:
1984:Violins craftsmanship of Cremona
1671:Dancing procession of Echternach
1369:Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals
1162:Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut
808:
762:Sega tambour of Rodrigues Island
283:which are direct descendants of
52:
2193:South Pacific Colombian marimba
1994:Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje
1908:Petrykivka decorative painting
1720:French timber framing scribing
757:Ritual dance of the royal drum
1:
2163:Popayán Holy Week processions
1656:Copper craftsmanship of Lahij
241:in South America through the
2263:African diaspora in Colombia
2045:Carnaval de Negros y Blancos
1913:Procession of the Holy Blood
952:Baul tradition of Bangladesh
289:Colonization of the Americas
2050:Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão
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2268:Corregimientos of Colombia
2120:Indigenous Day of the Dead
675:: Representative List
332:
230:
2253:Corregimientos of Mahates
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1827:Moldovan Christmas Carols
1789:Lithuanian cross crafting
1711:Festivity of Saint Blaise
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1479:Tugging rituals and games
1227:Ladkah Buddhist chantings
1087:Gangneung Danoje Festival
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2030:Carnaval de Barranquilla
1923:Sauna culture in Finland
1729:Georgian vocal polyphony
1409:Royal ballet of Cambodia
796:Zambian Makishi Festival
772:Ugandan barkcloth making
2188:San Basilio de Palenque
1202:Koshikijima no Toshidon
1027:Chinese shadow puppetry
791:Zafimaniry woodcrafting
616:10.103417°N 75.199111°W
205:Municipality of Mahates
189:Palenque de San Basilio
185:San Basilio de Palenque
37:San Basilio de Palenque
18:Palenque de San Basilio
2085:Danza de los Voladores
2080:Dancing Devils of Yare
1702:Falles of the Pyrenees
1560:Albanian iso-polyphony
1474:Thathera utensil craft
1419:Royal Ancestral Ritual
1022:Chinese seal engraving
1007:Chinese block printing
834:Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah
534:. Bogota: C. Valencia.
243:Magdalena River Valley
2075:Costa Rican oxherding
1959:The Song of the Sibyl
1862:Mystery Play of Elche
1677:Daredevils of Sassoun
1062:Durga Puja in Kolkata
1017:Chinese paper cutting
777:Vimbuza healing dance
621:10.103417; -75.199111
486:Palenques in Colombia
473:Palenques in Colombia
237:Spaniards introduced
231:Further information:
1964:Suiti Cultural Space
1565:Ashiqs of Azerbaijan
1454:Songkran in Thailand
1359:Oku-noto no Aenokoto
1052:Dragon Boat Festival
1002:Chinese architecture
877:Taghribat Bani Hilal
1754:Karagöz and Hacivat
1661:Croatian lacemaking
1257:Manipuri Sankirtana
1012:Chinese calligraphy
732:Kamablon re-roofing
612: /
561:, October 18, 2007.
484:Aquiles Escalante,
471:Aquiles Escalante,
329:Palenquero language
247:Cartagena de Indias
233:Slavery in Colombia
160:Inscription history
27:Village in Colombia
1846:Mediterranean diet
1627:Carnival of Binche
1582:Azerbaijani carpet
1262:Mangal Shobhajatra
1067:Epic of King Gesar
920:Akiu no Taue Odori
862:Palestinian hikaye
559:The New York Times
340:The New York Times
168:2008 (3rd session)
125:Fiesta in Palenque
2240:
2239:
2236:
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2125:Kallawaya culture
2055:Carnaval de Oruro
2012:
2011:
1928:Semeiskie culture
1577:Aubusson tapestry
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1541:
1277:Mibu no Hana Taue
1137:Hitachi Furyumono
1042:Dainichido Bugaku
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889:
804:
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752:Mbende Jerusarema
381:Prudencio Cardona
366:Antonio Cervantes
355:Notable residents
321:in 1979 entitled
285:enslaved Africans
239:enslaved Africans
182:
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16:(Redirected from
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2203:Taquile textiles
2100:Garifuna culture
2090:Danza de tijeras
2023:
1948:Slovácko Verbuňk
1823:Makishi Festival
1739:Houtem Jaarmarkt
1617:Cante Alentejano
1553:
1247:Longquan celadon
1132:Hayachine Kagura
1057:Drametse Ngacham
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895:Asia and Pacific
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727:Ijele Masquerade
702:Garifuna culture
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371:Evaristo Márquez
197:Palenque village
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2138:Maroon Heritage
2130:Mexican cuisine
2065:Círio de Nazaré
2018:
2008:
1734:Horezu ceramics
1642:Christmas Tsars
1594:Azerbaijani tar
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1538:
1489:Vedic chantings
1152:Indonesian kris
977:Cantonese opera
967:Boysun District
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882:Tan-Tan Moussem
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2019:Latin America
2017:Caribbean and
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1047:Darangen Epic
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957:Beijing opera
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942:Bakhshi music
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857:Jemaa el-Fnaa
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697:Chopi timbila
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440:on 2012-03-18
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319:Richard Cross
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201:corregimiento
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158:
155:South America
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69:
61:
55:
46:
45:Corregimiento
41:
34:
19:
2187:
2178:Rabinal Achí
2135:Moore Town's
1943:Sinjska alka
1938:Silbo Gomero
1868:Nestinarstvo
1860:
1851:Mesir Macunu
1675:
1529:Yūki-tsumugi
1514:Yeondeunghoe
1434:Sand drawing
1364:Pencak silat
1187:Katta Ashula
1102:Gong culture
717:Gule Wamkulu
607:75°11′56.8″W
604:10°06′12.3″N
597:
580:(in Spanish)
558:
531:
525:
511:
485:
480:
472:
467:
442:. Retrieved
435:the original
422:
361:Benkos Biohó
350:
339:
338:
322:
316:
305:
278:
266:
257:
236:
211:in northern
192:
188:
184:
183:
109:
88:Municipality
60:Benkos Biohó
2173:Quyllurit'i
1883:Azerbaijani
1873:Nijemo Kolo
1804:Lefkaritika
1794:Kvevri wine
1519:Yeongsanjae
1429:Saman dance
1414:Regong arts
1347:Uzbekistani
1287:Mosie ramie
1282:Morin khuur
1267:Mazu belief
1222:Koodiyattam
1127:Hansan Mosi
1117:Guqin music
1037:Daimokutate
997:Chhau dance
910:Moxibustion
906:Acupuncture
852:Iraqi maqam
841:culture at
818:Arab States
619: /
263:The Village
165:Inscription
2247:Categories
2168:Pütchipü'ü
2143:Panama hat
1969:Sutartinės
1933:Seto leelo
1547:Europe and
1504:Xuan paper
1484:Urtiin Duu
1449:Shiraz rug
1237:Lenj boats
1207:Kumbh Mela
1182:Kashan rug
1107:Grand Song
1032:Daemokjang
992:Cheoyongmu
987:Chakkirako
915:Ainu dance
867:Shashmaqam
767:Sosso Bala
444:2011-06-03
414:References
335:Palenquero
293:Palenquero
272:under the
76:Department
58:Statue of
2213:Vallenato
2148:Parachico
2115:Huaconada
2110:Harakmbut
1999:Za križen
1779:Kırkpınar
1759:Kelaghayi
1607:Busójárás
1464:Taekkyeon
1439:Sbek Toch
1354:Nuad Thai
1212:Kumiodori
737:Kankurang
692:Aka music
588:CNN video
142:Reference
2040:Candombe
2004:Zvončari
1952:Turkish
1818:Kraljice
1799:La Patum
1769:Khachkar
1716:Flamenco
1698:Falconry
1612:Călușari
1509:Yamahoko
1322:Nhã nhạc
1292:Mudiyett
1252:Mak yong
1232:Lakalaka
1177:Kalbelia
930:Angklung
847:Wadi Rum
453:cite web
403:Quilombo
387:See also
276:system.
213:Colombia
136:Colombia
70:Colombia
2158:Pirekua
2060:Ceviche
1974:Táncház
1898:Olonkho
1893:Ojkanje
1887:Turkish
1809:Licitar
1637:Chovgan
1632:Castell
1602:Bećarac
1587:weaving
1469:Ta'zīye
1459:Ssireum
1399:Ramlila
1389:Quan họ
1384:Pungmul
1374:Pansori
1317:Naqqāli
1272:Meshrep
1197:Khoomei
1167:Jultagi
1157:Jamdani
1122:Haenyeo
1092:Gimjang
972:Bunraku
962:Bokator
936:Arirang
829:Ahellil
408:Maroons
345:Kikongo
343:by the
312:African
274:asiento
252:Maroons
227:History
209:Bolivar
203:in the
195:, is a
193:Palenke
132:Country
93:Mahates
81:Bolívar
67:Country
2223:Yaokwa
2070:Cocolo
1954:Sohbet
1878:Nowruz
1856:Mugham
1841:Meddah
1831:Maloya
1814:Ljelje
1764:Keşkek
1724:Fujara
1534:Yunjin
1494:Wayang
1404:Ramman
1379:Pinisi
1342:Afghan
1337:Nowruz
1312:Nanyin
1302:Naadam
1172:Kabuki
1142:Hua'er
1072:Gagaku
982:Ca trù
782:Yaaral
712:Gẹlẹdẹ
681:Africa
301:UNESCO
221:UNESCO
152:Region
2198:Tango
2095:Frevo
1836:Manas
1784:Klapa
1688:Duduk
1683:Doina
1666:Daina
1570:Ashik
1394:Radif
1297:Muqam
1242:Lhamo
1217:Kunqu
1112:Guqin
1077:Gagok
947:Batik
843:Petra
786:Degal
438:(PDF)
431:(PDF)
308:black
146:00102
1918:Sama
1693:Fado
1649:and
1524:Yoga
1332:Nora
1192:Khon
925:Akyn
908:and
845:and
839:Bedu
784:and
532:1979
459:link
199:and
174:List
1749:Jem
1327:Noh
722:Ifá
299:by
219:by
187:or
2249::
557:,
540:^
493:^
455:}}
451:{{
325:.
303:.
223:.
207:,
1816:/
938:"
934:"
665:e
658:t
651:v
461:)
447:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
