485:. It was among the last mekosuchines still found in Australia and likely disappeared alongside much of the continent's megafauna. This disappearance is generally attributed to climate change, which would have led to widespread aridification and the destruction of the freshwater systems these crocodilians inhabited. Human causes have been proposed in the past, but are considered unlikely nowadays as humans only appeared in Australia after much of the continents megafauna had already disappeared. Competition with saltwater crocodiles has also been proposed and is under investigation, however, recent research suggests that saltwater crocodiles are relatively recent arrivals.
3058:
2959:
6129:
1346:
6124:
844:. At the same time, it is just as likely that future research finds the two to be different animals altogether, as the presence of multiple broad-snouted crocodilians in the Pliocene of Australia is not only possible but very likely. However, both of these possible scenarios hinge on the lectotype being rediscovered, it preserving previously unrecognized diagnostic features and finally for there to be sufficient overlapping material of other crocodilians to compare it to. Until then,
1148:, in which older specimens have fused nasals. Where the narrow anterior process of the frontal meets the nasal, the suture between the bones is approximately trident-shaped, each "prong" being on roughly the same level. However, this suture is only visible when looking at the skull from below and cannot be determined in top view. The space between the eyesockets is relatively wide and the orbital margins are rugose in their texture. The frontal preserves no sagittal crest.
5284:
494:
148:
648:, the anterior portion of a lower jaw (specimen QMF1149) that was part of De Vis' original collection. Beyond being labeled as the holotype in collections already, this immature specimen was chosen as it was significantly more complete than the other material the genus had previously been based on. However, Molnar's description was still limited in comparison, with only four other Australasian crocodilians being known at the time: the
1036:
729:
625:
3047:
5289:
1025:
1963:, establishing a proper diagnosis for the genus, paved the way for thorough and more reliable phylogenetic results. The phylogenetic analysis conducted as part of this paper yielded two results. The first, which was run without implied weighting, only yielded a poorly resolved paraphyletic Mekosuchinae, leading to the team conducting a second analysis with clearer results. Under implied weighting
1208:
126:
1244:. At the same time, Ristevski and colleagues note that the space between these first teeth is notably enlarged in the named forms, much larger than the distance between any of the other premaxillary teeth, yet in the Darling Downs form they are closely spaced. All tooth sockets within the premaxilla are sub-circular to circular in appearance and the same is true for the maxillary teeth of
1152:
884:
828:, they cannot be confidently assigned to the new genus until fossils are found that preserve both the upper and lower jaws in association with one another. Until such a fossil is found, these remains can only be identified as Crocodilia indet. and nothing more specific. Ristevski and his team further highlight various possible scenarios for the future of
1191:. Though a sub-trapezoid element of the skull table is known that would match the supraoccipital, it is unclear how much of it, if any is actually composed of this bone. Thus it's either possible that the supraoccipital contributed heavily to the dorsal surface of the skull table, or that this section was mainly composed of the parietal instead.
3125:
modern crocodiles. The area of the attack would also match this interpretation, with intraspecific combat in crocodilians often being aimed at the tail and occurring from below, which in this case may have led to the loss of a toe. A similar paper was published by
Mackness and colleagues ten years later, this time reporting on a pathological
1228:, the first two teeth within the premaxilla sit atop an alveolar process, a ridge, that arches towards the roof of the mouth. Furthermore, both of these teeth are roughly in line with another, meaning they are positioned in such a way that neither is located further to the front or back than the other. This can be observed clearly in both
3299:
may have avoided the brunt of these events by retreating into more coastal waters, whereas the native mekosuchines may have been more dependent on freshwater. Though human involvement has been proposed to have been a factor by some authors, others dispute this, instead pointing out how the extinction
3290:
generally coincides with the overall loss of
Australian megafauna and is generally attributed to habitat loss caused by climate change. Widespread aridification greatly affected the various freshwater basins that this crocodilian was native to while also affecting other freshwater megafauna. Hocknull
1167:
is relatively straight except for a small process where the frontal extends into the parietal. Notably, the ventral process of the parietal, the part of the bone that descends into the inner parts of the skull, is oriented almost vertically and thus not visible when viewing the skull from atop. It is
559:. While this marked the first fossil crocodile ever described from Australia, De Vis, by his own admittance, was generally unfamiliar with the fossil record of Cenozoic crocodilians. Unable to guarantee that it could not be placed in any of the genera known at the time, De Vis coined the cabinet name
1194:
If one follows the interpretation that the supraoccipital is not exposed dorsally, then the parietal would be quite heavily involved in forming the occipital face, the back of the head. The occipital lamina, an element of the supraoccipital, is directed back and down and the postoccipital process of
3258:
Whether
Paludirex also coexisted with saltwater crocodiles is less clear. Although there is ample material that has been historically assigned to saltwater crocodiles, recent research casts doubt over the correctness of these interpretations. Ristevski and colleagues argue that saltwater crocodiles
1359:, as the earliest discovered fossil crocodilian of Australia, was crucial in establishing the presence of the "Australian tertiary radiation" (later known as Mekosuchinae), its precise position within this group remained unclear for a long time. Given the poor description of the remains assigned to
1271:
Like in most other mekosuchines, the teeth varied greatly in size. Among the maxillary teeth, the largest tooth sockets were around twice as large as the smallest. Each premaxilla preserves five teeth, with 14 more teeth on each maxilla based on the "Mirani Shire Skull". The fourth tooth within the
766:
published a third and final revision of the genus in 2020, declaring it dubious based on the fact that no distinguishing features could be found in the small piece of the lectotype that still remained. The team, which included Ralph Molnar, instead established a new name for the material previously
424:
was coined in 1886, making it the first fossil crocodile named from
Australia, this was done so merely out of convenience, and this initial description did not come with a proper diagnosis. Despite the lacking definition, subsequent authors referred more and more material to this genus, leading to
745:
in 2004 only yielded a singular, non-diagnostic fragment of said specimen with the remainder of the mandible nowhere to be found. This means that the only source for information on the lectotype are the illustrations and photographs provided by Molnar in the 1982 paper. In 2008, "Geoff
Vincent's
3124:
following what was likely the bite of another crocodilian, either a member of the same species or of a different one. The bone is thought to have belonged to a large male based on its size, which would match well with the fights that occur between members of this sex during the mating season in
740:
during the 2000s, with publications on this genus only appearing occasionally. This was not helped by the fact that Molnar's lectotype was lost following his initial redescription, with Jorgo
Ristevski and colleagues suspecting that the material disappeared sometime during the late 90s or early
681:
and represents a partial skull of which the entire dorsal surface is encased by concrete. The latter on the other hand was discovered sometime between 1984 and 1990 by Geoff
Vincent near the Chinchilla Rifle Range in the western Darling Downs region and consists of a series of associated skull
1267:
had an overbite akin to an alligator, with the exception of the enlarged fourth tooth that would have slid neatly into the notch between the premaxilla and maxilla. This is based on the fact that there are no reception pits left by the dentary teeth between the teeth of the upper jaw.
1124:. How far the nasal would have extended into the nares is unclear as the anterior-most tip is broken off. In keeping with the skull's overall brevirostrine (blunt snouted) and platyrostral morphology, the premaxillae are wider than they are long. The transition from premaxilla to
1182:, is accordingly wide. The central portion of the skull table is somewhat low, ascending again towards the back into a rounded swelling that forms the back of the element and extends beyond the medial section of the squamosal bone that contacts the parietal. The nature of the
3210:
are thought to have led different lifestyles, the former may have still had to share its habitat. Fossil evidence from
Darling Downs suggest that there was at least one other semi-aquatic crocodilian native to the region, possibly an as of yet unnamed species of
689:
The 90s saw a marked increase regarding the known extinct crocodilian fauna of
Australia, with a multitude of taxa being named from 1990 onward. Although at first only referred to as the "Australian tertiary radiation", the group eventually became known as the
761:
had once again entered taxonomic limbo in spite of the previous efforts by Willis and Molnar, as the attempts at redefining the genus were insufficient to differentiate it from the surge of new mekosuchines and the lectotype itself disappeared. Ristevski
714:. Beyond the type material, which consisted of a premaxilla found in association with a dentary fragment, they also assigned both the "Lansdowne snout" and the "Mirani Shire skull" to this new species while placing "Geoff Vincent's specimen" in
1172:, along the contact between frontal and parietals, there are two prominent pits that are noticeably deeper than the pitted ornamentation that covers the remainder of the skull table. These pits appear similar to those seen in the much older
1178:, one of the earliest mekosuchines. The fenestrae themselves are D-shaped and proportionally small, occupying less than 10% of the surface of the skull table. Given their reduced size, the interfenestral bar, composed of both parietal and
673:, even more material came out of Queensland, most notably the "Mirani Shire skull" and the "Dalby specimen", also known as "Geoff Vincent's specimen". The former was discovered prior to 1986 by Jack Williams Jr. in what may have been the
1060:
was a large-bodied mekosuchine that bears all the hallmarks of a semi-aquatic ambush predator, possessing a platyrostral (flattened) skull as well as nostrils that were directed upwards like in many modern crocodilians. On the surface,
962:
strata, but the
Condamine material was found in a region that preserves both Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils. The origin of the "Mirani Shire skull" is also not fully understood, but it may have come from the Pleistocene deposits near
790:
had to be reevaluated, with mixed results. Some specimens, notably those that preserve elements of the cranium, could confidently be assigned to the newly erected genus. A premaxilla and maxilla found near the Condamine River near
799:
and the "Mirani Shire skull" could at least be tentatively assigned to the species. Additionally, the "Lansdowne Snout" was referred to P. vincenti three years later. Furthermore, the validity of the material previously dubbed
2990:
would have most likely been a semi-aquatic ambush predator, a lifestyle consistent with that previously suggested for Palimnarchus and seen in modern crocodilians. From these similarities it has been further interpreted that
1199:
is that the occipital lamina bears a nuchal crest, which is not bordered by concavities. The sides of the supraoccipital adjacent to the crest are flat and featureless, lacking the concavities seen in saltwater crocodiles or
3766:
Wroe, S. (2002). "A review of terrestrial mammalian and reptilian carnivore ecology in Australian fossil faunas, and factors influencing their diversity: the myth of reptilian domination and its broader ramifications".
815:
The switch to "Geoff Vincent's specimen" as the holotype did have one big drawback, which is that the specimen has no associated mandibular remains. This means that the only lower jaw remains currently referable to
2995:
was a generalist, capable of preying on a wide range of prey items. Willis and Molnar go into more detail, comparing the anatomy of the "Mirani Shire skull" and the "Lansdowne snout", both now recognized as
1284:) as large as the preceding third tooth. Among the teeth of the maxilla, the fifth is the largest, which once again matches the pattern seen in most other crocodilians. Still, it serves to distinguish named
3219:
that differed from the anatomy of either named species, having slightly different proportions and tooth arrangements. This form, at times referred to as the Darling Downs taxon, shared the robust skull of
545:. De Vis' collection lacked cohesion and not only consisted of material that belonged to different individuals, but even to different species, as one bone was later proven to have belonged to a species of
1186:
in relation to the skull table is somewhat unclear. Typically, prominent exposure of this bone is considered a potentially defining trait of mekosuchines, however it is not clear if the same applies to
824:, meaning that the validity of many of the mandibles previously referred to Palimnarchus is up in the air. Although it is deemed likely that some, although not all, of these lower jaws did belong to
393:. A large and robust semi-aquatic ambush hunter capable of attaining lengths of up to 5 m (16 ft), it was likely the top predator of Australia's waterways prior to the appearance of modern
3247:. Regardless, while these two animals differed less drastically in their preferred habitat, their coexistence was made possible by the fact that they nonetheless filled different niches. While
3033:
may have inhabited a wide variety of environments ranging from lakes and swamps to rivers and marshes, although some researchers suggest that these animals may have avoided coastal waters.
1983:. A few years later a more thorough analysis was conducted, published in 2023. This analysis largely resembles the results achieved by Lee and Yates five years prior. More specifically,
1011:
that lived during the Pliocene in Queensland. Until further research is conducted and a name is coined, the taxon is referred to as the Darling Downs taxon by Risevski and colleagues.
644:
as a genus but recognized the highly flawed nature of De Vis' work. Given the fact that De Vis' material consisted of fragmentary remains of multiple individuals, Molnar established a
1329:
was a strong and large animal, with length estimates indicating that it attained lengths of up to 5 m (16 ft), putting it in a similar range as modern saltwater crocodiles.
1140:, is deeply inset from the rest of the bone. Although not visible when looking at the surface of the skull, the inner side of the jugal just below the postorbital bar is concave. The
3255:, it still displayed a broad snout suited for a more generalist lifestyle, whereas the slender jaws of freshwater crocodiles are better adapted to catching small prey such as fish.
1292:
and the Darling Downs form, in both of which the fourth and fifth premaxillary teeth are almost equal in size. The teeth themselves were conical and showed no grooves in the
1240:
and the later 2023 review of Australasian crocodilians that this does not seem to be the case in the other Darling Downs crocodilian, which may represent a third species of
3080:
There may be some evidence for interspecific or intraspecific conflict between Pliocene crocodilians, though it is not certain if the fossil evidence actually represents
6307:
1128:
is marked by deep notches on each side which accommodate the large dentary teeth when the jaws are closed, constricting the skull in top view. One feature defining
3933:
Hocknull, S.A.; Lewis, R.; Arnold, L.J.; Pietsch, T.; Joannes-Boyau, R.; Price, G.J.; Moss, P.; Wood, R; Dosseto, A.; Louys, J.; Olley, J.; Lawrence, R.A. (2020).
3243:. They may have also coexisted near what is now the Leichhardt River, but as of the 2020 paper it is uncertain if the remains from there are actually referable to
425:
several attempts at redefining it during the late 20th century. However, the loss of the lectotype material and a sudden surge in mekosuchine research meant that
3795:
4197:
1325:
had one of the largest skulls among mekosuchines, with that of the type specimen measuring around 65 cm (26 in) long. In turn this indicates that
551:. Their exact origin is likewise not well recorded by De Vis, with the type locality of the remains being unknown beyond the fact that they stem from the
578:
over the years was the so-called "Lansdowne Snout", which would go on to change classification multiple times before most recently being included within
1260:, which were flattened side to side (labiolingually). The first teeth of the maxilla are all very closely spaced, with little to no space between them.
4133:
Willis, P.M.A.; Archer, M. (1990). "A Pleistocene longirostrine crocodilian from Riversleigh: first fossil occurrence of Crocodylus johnstoni Krefft".
6474:
3100:. Proportional differences do show that the bone couldn't have belonged to a saltwater crocodile, although later work emphasized that the Bluff Downs
3018:
may have preyed on a variety of animals, including but not limited to fish, birds, turtles and moderately sized mammals. Given the impressive size of
6441:
6387:
6281:
6212:
1144:
appear to have fused in the holotype, which may be tied to the size and age of "Geoff Vincent's specimen". Something similar is observed in modern
4033:
Mackness, B.S.; Cooper, J.E.; Wilkinson, C.; Wilkinson, D. (2010). "Palaeopathology of a crocodile femur from the Pliocene of eastern Australia".
6499:
6489:
3304:) happened before human arrival. It has also been suggested that competition with saltwater crocodiles may have factored into its extinction.
3129:
from the Pliocene Chinchilla Sands. Much like with Mackness' previous work, there is no direct evidence that this fossil actually belonged to
3177:, the two animals likely did not compete for the same resources, explaining how they coexisted. Another species that possibly coexisted with
6484:
1363:
and the rapid increase in research on this group, its placement shifted multiple times throughout the 90s and 2000s. In this time period,
3282:
was among the last mekosuchines still found on the Australian continent, only survived by the species that spread to the islands of the
3108:
is disregarded by Mackness and Sutton due to its inferred terrestrial habits and its size. Subsequently, the metatarsal was assigned to
1136:, is that the anterior part of the jugal has a heavily sculpted side and that the ascending process, which forms the lower part of the
4163:
3883:
703:
6479:
3707:
Wroe, S.; Field, J.H.; Archer, M.; Grayson, D.K.; Price, G.J.; Louys, J.; Faith, T.; Webb, G.E.; Davidson, I.; Mooney, S.D. (2013).
3655:
3990:
Mackness, B.S.; Sutton, R. (2000). "Possible evidence for intraspecific aggression in a Pliocene crocodile from north Queensland".
570:
During this timespan more and more crocodilian material came to be found across Australia, which was oftentimes simply assigned to
3259:
only arrived in Australia comparatively recently, showing no confirmed overlap in their distribution with the last individuals of
3057:
567:
specimen, subsequent researchers generally accepted the name which came to see widespread use throughout the following 150 years.
6504:
6123:
4190:
6128:
3153:
and infection, which, like the pathology of the Bluff Downs bone, was most likely the result of an attack by another crocodile.
2958:
921:
5456:
871:
was deliberately chosen to maintain a connection with its predecessor, as it serves as a rough equivalent to the etymology of
5283:
958:
is also the older of the two, although the age records are muddy. The type specimen is confirmed to have been collected from
5502:
5371:
3235:
occurred alongside more modern members of Australia's crocodilian fauna. Specifically, the only known fossil remains of the
2425:
3169:, an animal with serrated teeth often thought to have been terrestrial in nature. Given the likely terrestrial habits of
983:
Although few remains have been assigned to each species respectively, there are several specimens previously referred to
741:
2000s. The fate and current whereabouts of the lectotype are unknown and even a thorough search of the collection of the
563:"out of convenience". Despite the informal nature of this early resesarch, and that fact that De Vis did not establish a
3518:
Ristevski, J.; Willis, P.M.A.; Yates, A.M.; White, M.A.; Hart, L.J.; Stein, M.D.; Price, G.J.; Salisbury, S.W. (2023).
4183:
2631:
2253:
5363:
4530:
586:
remained unchanged all the while, with the exception of one instance in 1968 when it was erroneously referred to as
6494:
5584:
3879:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
147:
1085:, which had a much shallower snout compared to its older relative. More importantly, the skull of both species of
5556:
2462:
2213:
590:
by W. D. Sill. While the nomenclature used by Sill was incorrect, this would not be the only time a link between
3855:
5202:
1303:
4523:
746:
specimen" was returned to Dot Vincent, the wife of the late Geoff Vincent, who subsequently donated it to the
456:
were shallower but nonetheless wide. This, combined with the upwards facing nostrils and eyes, indicates that
5288:
3267:
remains dating as far back as the Pliocene, which may have belonged to an animal that could have encountered
1333:
was smaller, but still obtained a sizable 4 m (13 ft) in length, putting it on par with species of
5577:
2678:
2577:
1065:
is best distinguished from other mekosuchines not just in size but also in the proportions of its skull. In
6063:
5837:
3709:"Climate change frames debate over the extinction of megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea)"
3617:
786:
and provided a detailed diagnosis, it also meant that the vast quantity of material previously assigned to
6167:
6087:
5861:
5570:
2516:
2141:
1169:
460:
was a semi-aquatic ambush predator, likely preying on a wide range of prey animals from fish to mammalian
3520:"Migrations, diversifications and extinctions: the evolutionary history of crocodyliforms in Australasia"
6469:
6333:
6047:
6040:
5853:
5845:
5729:
4366:
4286:
3324:
3006:
2604:
1163:, forming most of the anterior region as in other crocodilians. The contact between the frontal and the
964:
538:
464:. This would also set them apart ecologically from other contemporary crocodilians like the terrestrial
350:
6071:
1007:
species while differing in others, and based on this they may represent an additional third species of
747:
6428:
6374:
6268:
6199:
5563:
5252:
5245:
5195:
4993:
4089:
4042:
3999:
3946:
3720:
3236:
3116:
and the 2020 revisions, it is currently unclear whether or not the metatarsal could have belonged to
657:
653:
541:, who based the genus on skull remains and osteoderms discovered around 1860 that was mineralised by
471:
368:
2550:
1731:
5231:
4958:
2099:
2058:
1509:
1473:
1345:
1195:
that same bone is very short. Another aspect of the supraoccipital highlighted in the diagnosis of
1145:
932:. The name is derived from the fact that the fossil material was notably more gracile than that of
702:
was published some years later in 1997, with Molnar this time working alongside crocodilian expert
649:
605:
433:
in 2020. The better preserved material, including several skulls, were used to erect the new genus
394:
6259:
6095:
6004:
5996:
5722:
5000:
4979:
4972:
4633:
4509:
4313:
4058:
4015:
3859:
3817:
3678:
3572:
3537:
3199:
came from. This leaves it ambiguous whether or not the two actually shared the same environment.
3022:, it would have been capable of preying on many of the large marsupials native to Darling Downs.
2658:
2270:
678:
326:
142:
1108:, which slopes gently and does not end in a nearly vertical line, as is the case for species of
493:
429:
was insufficiently differentiated from other crocodilians, leading to the name being declared a
6338:
3120:. Regardless, the bone would match a large semi-aquatic crocodilian. The fossil shows signs of
6320:
6312:
6011:
5510:
5477:
5238:
4965:
4770:
4159:
4115:
3972:
3912:
3748:
3651:
3462:
742:
683:
6325:
812:
was now restricted to the type material, the premaxilla and the associated dentary fragment.
5989:
5224:
5087:
5050:
4986:
4881:
4747:
4105:
4097:
4050:
4007:
3962:
3954:
3935:"Extinction of eastern Sahul megafauna coincides with sustained environmental deterioration"
3902:
3892:
3851:
3807:
3776:
3738:
3728:
3564:
3527:
3452:
3442:
3121:
3001:
2966:
1349:
1302:
species, while the cutting edges (carinae) had minor crenulations that were likely not true
972:
917:
636:
Molnar however did not follow through on that, instead publishing a formal redescription of
215:
202:
6079:
6055:
6018:
5938:
5686:
5413:
5172:
5157:
5122:
5065:
4935:
4791:
4736:
4553:
4537:
3643:
3427:"Australia's prehistoric 'swamp king': revision of the Plio-Pleistocene crocodylian genus
3422:
2196:
2082:
1453:
1263:
Although no complete mandibles are known yet, the fossils of the upper jaws indicate that
1137:
3165:
nonetheless coexisted with other crocodilians. The most famous of its contemporaries was
924:, making it one of the last remaining mekosuchines in Australia. Originally described as
4093:
4046:
4003:
3950:
3724:
1035:
728:
624:
441:
is now of uncertain affinities, meaning that it is unknown whether or not it belongs to
5952:
5930:
5672:
5664:
5622:
5420:
5355:
5341:
5214:
4927:
4911:
4840:
4798:
4756:
4728:
4706:
4663:
4598:
4585:
4560:
4545:
4516:
4447:
4403:
4388:
4152:
Scanlon, J.D. (2014). "Giant terrestrial reptilian carnivores of Cenozoic Australia.".
4110:
4077:
3967:
3934:
3907:
3878:
3743:
3708:
3457:
3426:
1821:
1419:
1183:
1179:
867:
is derived from the Latin words "paludis" and "rex", translating to "swamp king". This
837:
674:
3836:
3046:
6463:
6150:
5982:
5975:
5960:
5945:
5908:
5894:
5806:
5791:
5783:
5700:
5679:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5526:
5440:
5428:
5378:
5348:
5333:
5319:
5101:
5072:
5042:
4904:
4873:
4860:
4848:
4832:
4814:
4777:
4677:
4501:
4479:
4153:
3541:
3283:
3188:
3183:
3088:
was found at the Pliocene Bluff Downs fossil site, which yielded remains assigned to
2411:
1164:
552:
83:
4062:
4019:
3863:
3821:
574:
based on superficial similarities. Among the more significant specimens referred to
6419:
6365:
6190:
6145:
5968:
5901:
5814:
5799:
5766:
5755:
5707:
5489:
5399:
5386:
5306:
5185:
5136:
5129:
5057:
4919:
4896:
4721:
4713:
4684:
4626:
4619:
4494:
4379:
4271:
4246:
2906:
2448:
2320:
2303:
2037:
1932:
1633:
1606:
1405:
1293:
849:
754:, which led to different parts of the skull now having different specimen numbers.
691:
601:
430:
375:
271:
241:
3532:
3519:
3354:
3025:
Willis and Molnar further use mugger crocodiles to make guesses on the habitat of
1207:
710:
at the time, which resulted in them recognizing a second species that they dubbed
125:
17:
3215:. This is based on the discovery of remains from the same Pliocene localities as
3137:. Akin to their previous study, the referral was based on clear differences with
1367:
commonly claded with other generalist platyrostral members of the group, such as
916:
is the smaller of the two species and its fossils are exclusively known from the
6294:
6253:
5923:
5916:
5714:
5693:
5657:
5629:
5608:
5150:
5143:
5115:
5108:
5094:
5035:
4888:
4824:
4784:
4763:
4691:
4670:
4612:
4486:
4454:
4411:
1550:
1160:
1024:
928:, this species managed to maintain its validity even after the 2020 revision of
698:
serving as one of its earliest recognized members. A second attempt at refining
386:
378:
58:
45:
6244:
4101:
3958:
1151:
1093:, which had a rostrum that is around half as wide as the entire skull is long.
416:
is long and complicated, largely due to its connection with the historic genus
5877:
5741:
5546:
5470:
5463:
5449:
5028:
4645:
4425:
4325:
4237:
4207:
4054:
4011:
3085:
1794:
1298:
1253:
1141:
1121:
1117:
1105:
779:
was but based on the skull fragments that compose "Geoff Vincent's specimen".
596:
556:
336:
225:
103:
68:
3161:
While mekosuchines were already on the decline in Australia by the Pliocene,
5827:
5165:
4948:
4298:
3733:
3300:
of much of the megafauna inhabiting modern Australia (then the continent of
1272:
premaxilla is the largest, as typical in crocodilians, more specifically in
868:
645:
461:
390:
159:
108:
52:
4119:
3976:
3916:
3897:
3835:
Mead, J.I.; Steadman, D.W.; Bedford, S.H.; Bell, C.J.; Spriggs, M. (2002).
3752:
3650:. Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 172.
3648:
Dragons in the dust: the paleobiology of the giant monitor lizard Megalania
3466:
883:
1995:
was in the work of Lee and Yates. The core difference being that in 2018,
1120:, with only a small section at the posterior margin being composed of the
6413:
6359:
6238:
6184:
6030:
5518:
5079:
4699:
4439:
4255:
4231:
3150:
2978:
Given the uncertain state of much of the material previously assigned to
2833:
1841:
1168:
however important as it bears some distinctive foramina. Just before the
1077:
959:
783:
751:
662:
564:
547:
466:
382:
179:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
41:
6446:
6392:
6217:
3812:
3447:
3112:. Given that no postcranial material was every directly associated with
6286:
4418:
4175:
3576:
2489:
1174:
1125:
1116:
are approximately circular in shape and almost entirely encased by the
979:
derives its name from Geoff Vincent, who discovered the holotype skull.
971:, the species would have ranged from Darling Downs in the south to the
706:. Willis and Molnar worked on multiple specimens that were referred to
542:
437:. A side effect of this was that much of the material once assigned to
189:
113:
88:
6299:
832:. Should the lectotype be rediscovered, there is the possibility that
452:
was notably more robust, with much deeper and wider jaws. The jaws of
5015:
4225:
3679:"Crikey! Massive prehistoric croc emerges from South East Queensland"
3480:
Longman, H.A. (1925). "A crocodilian fossil from Lansdowne Station".
529:
has a long and rich history thanks to its ties to the historic genus
169:
6161:
3780:
3568:
2982:, little is known for certain about the ecology and paleobiology of
750:. In the process one skull fragment was accidentally left behind in
4076:
Ristevski, J; Price, G.J.; Weisbecker, V.; Salisbury, S.W. (2021).
4461:
3618:"A review of the Plio-Pleistocene crocodilian genus Pallimnarchus"
3301:
3126:
2957:
1767:
1344:
1206:
1150:
882:
792:
727:
640:
later that same year. Molnar tentatively accepted the validity of
623:
492:
371:
6433:
6379:
6204:
3239:
have been collected from the same strata as the type material of
999:
fossils, and QMF1154, a snout fragment from the same deposits as
6273:
5534:
4396:
3014:, they conclude from the similarities to mugger crocodiles that
2813:
1652:
1071:
6165:
5304:
4583:
4364:
4218:
4179:
3837:"New extinct mekosuchine crocodile from Vanuatu, South Pacific"
3590:
Molnar, R.E. (1982). "Cenozoic fossil reptiles in Australia.".
1089:
was proportionally very wide. This is especially prominent in
967:. Assuming that the "Mirani Shire skull" did indeed belong to
1155:
Geoff Vincent's specimen (A,B) and the Lansdowne Snout (C-F).
3104:
likely represents an as of yet unnamed species anyways, and
3856:
10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0632:nemcfv]2.0.co;2
3594:. Monash University Offset Printing Unit. pp. 228β233.
3355:"Pallimnarchus and other Cenozoic crocodiles in Queensland"
987:
that may represent additional species distinct from either
975:
in the north and existed from the Pliocene to Pleistocene.
604:
proposed that the "Lansdowne Snout" actually belonged to a
409:. A third as of yet unnamed species may have also existed.
4078:"First record of a tomistomine crocodylian from Australia"
3555:
Sill, W. D. (1968). "The Zoogeography of the Crocodilia".
3010:
back in 1997. Though little information was inferred from
1075:, but not to the same degree as in altirostral forms like
782:
While this decision finally established a well preserved
448:
Though roughly the size of a modern saltwater crocodile,
1159:
The frontal bone also contributues significantly to the
3141:
and a size that was deemed too large to have come from
1236:. However, it is noted in both the type description of
3625:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
1967:
was found at the base of a clade that contained both
820:
are those directly associated with the premaxilla of
4035:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
3992:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
3524:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
3195:
fossils, it is unclear where exactly the remains of
2837:
2817:
2781:
2761:
2682:
2662:
2635:
2608:
2581:
2554:
2520:
2493:
2466:
2429:
1845:
1825:
1798:
1771:
1735:
1715:
1658:
1637:
1610:
1574:
1554:
1513:
1477:
1457:
1423:
305:
278:
6403:
6349:
6228:
6174:
6028:
5876:
5825:
5765:
5739:
5606:
5544:
5488:
5439:
5397:
5317:
5212:
5183:
5014:
4946:
4859:
4812:
4746:
4643:
4596:
4471:
4378:
4324:
4297:
4270:
1252:. Regardless, this clearly sets it apart from the
1003:. Both share some aspects with the two recognized
875:, whose name translated to "ruler of all swamps".
445:or some other as of yet unrecognized crocodilian.
4155:Carnivores of Australia: past, present and future
3877:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
608:, even going as far as to consider the idea that
3796:"Review of fossil crocodilians from Australasia"
2011:to be situated just outside the clade formed by
3713:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
954:The larger and more robust of the two species,
891:specimens. 1 to 3 all show localities yielding
3329:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland
3149:. The femur shows signs of trauma followed by
2965:may have been ecologically similar to today's
669:Not long after this first attempt at revising
4191:
775:, a taxon not based on mandibular remains as
682:fragments that were eventually loaned to the
501:. A is now considered a potential species of
8:
3327:(1886). "On remains of an extinct saurian".
3263:. However, there are as of yet unidentified
895:, whereas 4 is the only known occurrence of
804:was confirmed, creating the new combination
600:was made. In 1982 Australian paleontologist
732:Various images of Geoff Vincent's specimen.
509:and C & D are identified as Crocodylia
6162:
5886:
5775:
5747:
5614:
5494:
5405:
5325:
5314:
5301:
5020:
4865:
4856:
4655:
4651:
4604:
4593:
4580:
4375:
4361:
4303:
4276:
4267:
4215:
4198:
4184:
4176:
3425:; Weisbecker, V.; Salisbury, S.W. (2020).
1248:, though the same cannot be confirmed for
1096:Another feature that easily distinguishes
124:
31:
4109:
3966:
3906:
3896:
3811:
3742:
3732:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3592:The Fossil Vertebrate Record of Australia
3531:
3456:
3446:
3421:Ristevski, J.; Yates, A.M.; Price, G.J.;
1047:was overall smaller and less robust than
920:deposits of the Terrace Site within the
481:Little is known about the extinction of
3313:
2947:
995:. For example, QMF1152, one of De Vis'
3928:
3926:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3319:
3317:
3070:overlaps with other crocodilians like
2398:
2024:
1069:the skull was robust and deep like in
474:that appeared around the same time as
133:Geoff Vincent's Specimen (holotype of
3638:
3636:
3634:
3616:Willis, P.M.A.; Molnar, R.E. (1997).
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3191:. However, as with the Darling Downs
3187:, a large-bodied relative of today's
2986:. Based on the anatomy of its skull,
1987:was recovered as a close relative of
736:Things once again fell silent around
632:, B shows the only parts still known.
397:. Two species are known, the smaller
314:(Willis & Molnar, 1997; formerly
7:
3224:, but seemingly grew no larger than
537:was informally described in 1886 by
2805:
2749:
2742:
2650:
2623:
2596:
2569:
2542:
2535:
2508:
2481:
2454:
2444:
2417:
2407:
2400:
2295:
2245:
2238:
2188:
2181:
2157:
2133:
2074:
2050:
2043:
2033:
2026:
1813:
1786:
1759:
1707:
1700:
1625:
1598:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1501:
1445:
1438:
1411:
1401:
1394:
3884:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
25:
1999:was found as a close relative of
757:By then it had become clear that
6475:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
6127:
6122:
5287:
5282:
4135:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
3482:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
3359:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
3251:was more gracile in respects to
3056:
3045:
1306:. This yet again differentiates
1034:
1023:
146:
3231:Later, during the Pleistocene,
3173:and the semi-aquatic habits of
922:Riversleigh World Heritage Area
771:. The result of their work was
1081:. This applies even moreso to
1:
6500:Fossil taxa described in 2020
6490:Pleistocene genus extinctions
3769:Australian Journal of Zoology
3533:10.1080/03115518.2023.2201319
3074:and the freshwater crocodile.
1314:and its ziphodont dentition.
856:as valid and distinct taxon.
525:Although only named in 2020,
367:(meaning "swamp king") is an
1371:in Willis (1997), alongside
620:Revisions and second species
6485:Pleistocene crocodylomorphs
4088:(1): Article number 12158.
3084:. One fossil of an injured
3029:. Like the extant species,
2632:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
2254:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
505:, B has been identified as
6521:
4102:10.1038/s41598-021-91717-y
3959:10.1038/s41467-020-15785-w
612:was actually a species of
6140:
6120:
5889:
5778:
5750:
5617:
5497:
5408:
5328:
5313:
5300:
5280:
5023:
4868:
4658:
4654:
4607:
4592:
4579:
4374:
4360:
4306:
4279:
4266:
4214:
4055:10.1080/03115511003793512
4012:10.1080/03115510008619523
3794:Willis, P. M. A. (1997).
2904:
2830:
2810:
2803:
2774:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2675:
2655:
2648:
2628:
2621:
2601:
2594:
2574:
2567:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2513:
2506:
2486:
2479:
2463:Kalthifrons aurivellensis
2459:
2452:
2442:
2422:
2415:
2405:
2317:
2300:
2293:
2267:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2214:Kalthifrons aurivellensis
2210:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2162:
2155:
2138:
2131:
2096:
2079:
2072:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2031:
1930:
1838:
1818:
1811:
1791:
1784:
1764:
1757:
1728:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1650:
1630:
1623:
1603:
1596:
1567:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1506:
1499:
1470:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1416:
1409:
1399:
1391:in Lee and Yates (2018).
332:
325:
302:
297:
277:
270:
143:Scientific classification
141:
132:
123:
34:
27:Extinct genus of reptiles
6480:Pliocene crocodylomorphs
5457:"Crocodylus" gariepensis
3295:suggest that species of
1276:it's one and a half (in
1112:. The external nares of
836:may eventually become a
588:Crocodylus pallimnarchus
6505:Crocodiles of Australia
5730:"Tomistoma" lusitanicum
5503:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
5372:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
3734:10.1073/pnas.1302698110
3286:. The disappearance of
2679:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2578:Trilophosuchus rackhami
2426:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
470:and the narrow-snouted
3898:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
3157:Sympatric crocodilians
2970:
2517:Australosuchus clarkae
2142:Australosuchus clarkae
1352:
1310:from the contemporary
1216:
1170:supratemporal fenestra
1156:
926:Pallimnarchus gracilis
900:
887:Known distribution of
802:Pallimnarchus gracilis
733:
712:Pallimnarchus gracilis
633:
514:
6334:Paleobiology Database
3939:Nature Communications
3353:Molnar, R.E. (1982).
3007:Purussaurus neivensis
2961:
2605:Volia athollandersoni
1348:
1210:
1154:
934:Pallimnarchus pollens
886:
731:
716:Pallimnarchus pollens
627:
539:Charles Walter De Vis
535:Pallimnarchus pollens
499:Pallimnarchus pollens
496:
472:freshwater crocodiles
347:Pallimnarchus pollens
6005:"Tomistoma" coppensi
5997:"Tomistoma" cairense
5723:"Tomistoma" cairense
5364:"Crocodylus" affinis
4531:"Crocodylus" affinis
4158:. CSIRO Publishing.
3800:Australian Zoologist
3237:freshwater crocodile
3037:Intraspecific combat
2003:, whereas Ristevski
1211:Approximate size of
1146:saltwater crocodiles
1132:, though unknown in
1104:is the shape of the
795:were attributued to
658:New Guinea crocodile
654:freshwater crocodile
489:Discovery and naming
395:saltwater crocodiles
342:Sill, 1968 (in part)
6012:"Tomistoma" dowsoni
4094:2021NatSR..1112158R
4047:2010Alch...34..515M
4004:2000Alch...24...55M
3951:2020NatCo..11.2250H
3813:10.7882/AZ.1997.004
3725:2013PNAS..110.8777W
3448:10.7717/peerj.10466
2100:Kambara murgonensis
2059:Kambara implexidens
1714:Bullock Creek taxon
1510:Kambara murgonensis
1474:Kambara implexidens
1280:) to two times (in
650:saltwater crocodile
606:saltwater crocodile
497:Syntype fossils of
6405:Paludirex gracilis
6351:Paludirex vincenti
5585:C. thorbjarnarsoni
4634:Listrognathosuchus
4510:Brachyuranochampsa
4082:Scientific Reports
3245:Paludirex gracilis
3241:Paludirex gracilis
3179:Paludirex vincenti
3020:Paludirex vincenti
2998:Paludirex vincenti
2971:
2778:Paludirex gracilis
2758:Paludirex vincenti
2659:Mekosuchus sanderi
2271:Mekosuchus sanderi
2166:Paludirex vincenti
1353:
1331:Paludirex gracilis
1323:Paludirex vincenti
1250:Paludirex gracilis
1246:Paludirex vincenti
1234:Paludirex vincenti
1230:Paludirex gracilis
1217:
1213:Paludirex vincenti
1197:Paludirex vincenti
1157:
1134:Paludirex gracilis
1130:Paludirex vincenti
1091:Paludirex vincenti
1083:Paludirex gracilis
1067:Paludirex vincenti
1049:Paludirex vincenti
1045:Paludirex gracilis
1001:Paludirex vincenti
993:Paludirex vincenti
989:Paludirex gracilis
977:Paludirex vincenti
965:South Walker Creek
947:Paludirex vincenti
938:Paludirex vincenti
906:Paludirex gracilis
901:
897:Paludirex gracilis
893:Paludirex vincenti
810:Paludirex gracilis
806:Paludirex gracilis
797:Paludirex vincenti
773:Paludirex vincenti
734:
634:
515:
454:Paludirex gracilis
450:Paludirex vincenti
406:Paludirex vincenti
400:Paludirex gracilis
310:Paludirex gracilis
283:Paludirex vincenti
18:Paludirex vincenti
6495:Riversleigh fauna
6457:
6456:
6321:Open Tree of Life
6168:Taxon identifiers
6159:
6158:
6136:
6135:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6105:
5872:
5871:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5557:C. anthropophagus
5296:
5295:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5010:
5009:
4808:
4807:
4771:Eurycephalosuchus
4575:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4524:"Crocodylus" acer
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
3719:(22): 8777β8781.
2951:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2792:
2791:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2282:
2281:
2225:
2224:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2110:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1746:
1745:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1585:
1584:
1488:
1487:
748:Chinchilla Museum
743:Queensland Museum
684:Queensland Museum
628:The lectotype of
518:Early history of
420:. While the name
360:
359:
354:
343:
319:
266:
51:5.332β0.012
16:(Redirected from
6512:
6450:
6449:
6437:
6436:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6396:
6395:
6383:
6382:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6342:
6341:
6329:
6328:
6316:
6315:
6303:
6302:
6290:
6289:
6277:
6276:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6221:
6220:
6208:
6207:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6163:
6131:
6126:
6088:G. pachyrhynchus
5990:Siquisiquesuchus
5887:
5776:
5748:
5615:
5495:
5406:
5326:
5315:
5302:
5291:
5286:
5253:C. wannlangstoni
5246:C. venezuelensis
5088:Globidentosuchus
5051:Centenariosuchus
5021:
4882:Allognathosuchus
4866:
4857:
4748:Orientalosuchina
4656:
4652:
4605:
4594:
4581:
4376:
4362:
4304:
4277:
4268:
4261:
4260:
4216:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4177:
4170:
4169:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4030:
4024:
4023:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3910:
3900:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3841:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3736:
3704:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3675:
3662:
3661:
3640:
3629:
3628:
3622:
3613:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3535:
3515:
3490:
3489:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3450:
3418:
3367:
3366:
3350:
3337:
3336:
3321:
3122:osteoperiostitis
3060:
3049:
3004:and the extinct
3002:mugger crocodile
3000:, to the modern
2967:mugger crocodile
2839:
2819:
2806:
2783:
2763:
2750:
2743:
2684:
2664:
2651:
2637:
2624:
2610:
2597:
2583:
2570:
2556:
2543:
2536:
2522:
2509:
2495:
2482:
2468:
2455:
2445:
2431:
2418:
2408:
2401:
2296:
2246:
2239:
2189:
2182:
2158:
2134:
2075:
2051:
2044:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2021:
1955:The erection of
1847:
1827:
1814:
1800:
1787:
1773:
1760:
1737:
1717:
1708:
1701:
1660:
1639:
1626:
1612:
1599:
1576:
1556:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1515:
1502:
1479:
1459:
1446:
1439:
1425:
1412:
1402:
1395:
1383:(2002) and with
1350:Life restoration
1038:
1027:
918:Late Pleistocene
848:is treated as a
353:, 1886 (in part)
349:
341:
313:
307:
280:
260:
253:
240:
216:Archosauriformes
203:Archosauromorpha
151:
150:
128:
118:
55:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
6520:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6445:
6440:
6432:
6427:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6399:
6391:
6386:
6378:
6373:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6345:
6337:
6332:
6324:
6319:
6311:
6306:
6298:
6293:
6285:
6280:
6272:
6267:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6224:
6216:
6211:
6203:
6198:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6170:
6160:
6155:
6132:
6102:
6064:G. curvirostris
6041:G. bengawanicus
6024:
6019:Toyotamaphimeia
5939:Hesperogavialis
5880:
5868:
5821:
5769:
5761:
5744:
5735:
5687:Megadontosuchus
5611:
5590:
5578:C. palaeindicus
5540:
5484:
5435:
5414:Aldabrachampsus
5402:
5393:
5322:
5309:
5292:
5258:
5232:C. brevirostris
5208:
5179:
5173:Wannaganosuchus
5158:Stangerochampsa
5123:Orthogenysuchus
5066:Chinatichampsus
5006:
4942:
4936:Wannaganosuchus
4855:
4817:
4804:
4792:Orientalosuchus
4742:
4737:Stangerochampsa
4648:
4639:
4601:
4588:
4567:
4554:Prodiplocynodon
4538:Portugalosuchus
4467:
4370:
4340:
4320:
4293:
4262:
4221:
4220:
4210:
4204:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4032:
4031:
4027:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3781:10.1071/zo01053
3765:
3764:
3760:
3706:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3665:
3658:
3642:
3641:
3632:
3627:(117): 223β242.
3620:
3615:
3614:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3569:10.2307/1441553
3554:
3553:
3549:
3517:
3516:
3493:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3420:
3419:
3370:
3352:
3351:
3340:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3277:
3159:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3039:
2976:
2956:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2793:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2283:
2226:
2197:Quinkana timara
2121:
2112:
2083:Kambara taraina
1953:
1944:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1747:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1586:
1489:
1454:Kambara taraina
1343:
1320:
1222:
1138:postorbital bar
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1017:
881:
862:
726:
622:
523:
491:
412:The history of
403:and the larger
293:
286:
259:
251:
238:
145:
119:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
50:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6518:
6516:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6462:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6438:
6425:
6409:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6384:
6371:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6330:
6317:
6304:
6291:
6278:
6265:
6250:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6209:
6196:
6180:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6092:
6084:
6076:
6068:
6060:
6052:
6044:
6036:
6034:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5957:
5953:Maomingosuchus
5949:
5942:
5935:
5931:Harpacochampsa
5927:
5920:
5913:
5905:
5898:
5890:
5884:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5858:
5854:T. lusitanicum
5850:
5842:
5838:T. calaritanum
5833:
5831:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5811:
5803:
5796:
5788:
5779:
5773:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5751:
5745:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5673:Maomingosuchus
5669:
5665:Leptorrhamphus
5661:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5626:
5623:Dollosuchoides
5618:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5571:C. falconensis
5567:
5560:
5552:
5550:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5531:
5523:
5515:
5507:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5445:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5425:
5421:Dzungarisuchus
5417:
5409:
5403:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5383:
5375:
5368:
5360:
5356:Australosuchus
5352:
5345:
5342:Antecrocodylus
5338:
5329:
5323:
5318:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5203:M. latrubessei
5199:
5191:
5189:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5169:
5162:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5054:
5047:
5039:
5032:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4954:
4952:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4932:
4928:Procaimanoidea
4924:
4916:
4912:Hassiacosuchus
4908:
4901:
4893:
4885:
4878:
4869:
4863:
4854:
4853:
4845:
4841:Menatalligator
4837:
4829:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4799:Protoalligator
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4757:Dongnanosuchus
4752:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4729:Procaimanoidea
4725:
4718:
4710:
4707:Hassiacosuchus
4703:
4696:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4664:Albertochampsa
4659:
4649:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4608:
4602:
4599:Alligatoroidea
4597:
4590:
4589:
4586:Alligatoroidea
4584:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:Planocraniidae
4557:
4550:
4546:Pristichampsus
4542:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4517:Charactosuchus
4513:
4506:
4498:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4448:Trilophosuchus
4444:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4404:Harpacochampsa
4400:
4393:
4389:Australosuchus
4384:
4382:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4280:
4274:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4249:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4219:
4212:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4165:978-0643103177
4164:
4144:
4125:
4068:
4025:
3982:
3945:(2250): 2250.
3922:
3869:
3850:(3): 632β641.
3827:
3806:(3): 287β298.
3786:
3758:
3694:
3663:
3656:
3630:
3597:
3582:
3547:
3491:
3472:
3368:
3338:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3276:
3273:
3158:
3155:
3065:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3035:
2975:
2972:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2025:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1822:Trilophosuchus
1817:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1420:Australosuchus
1415:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1373:Australosuchus
1369:Australosuchus
1342:
1339:
1319:
1316:
1221:
1218:
1184:supraoccipital
1043:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1013:
981:
980:
951:
950:
942:
941:
910:
909:
880:
877:
861:
858:
838:junior synonym
725:
720:
675:Pioneer Valley
621:
618:
594:and the genus
522:
516:
511:incertae sedis
490:
487:
358:
357:
356:
355:
344:
330:
329:
323:
322:
321:
320:
300:
299:
298:Other species
295:
294:
287:
275:
274:
268:
267:
249:
245:
244:
236:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
139:
138:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6517:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6448:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6430:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6394:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6376:
6372:
6367:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6340:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6260:Pallimnarchus
6255:
6251:
6246:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6230:Pallimnarchus
6227:
6219:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6201:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6164:
6152:
6151:Gryposuchinae
6149:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6130:
6125:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5983:Rhamphosuchus
5980:
5978:
5977:
5976:Piscogavialis
5973:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:Paratomistoma
5958:
5955:
5954:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5946:Ikanogavialis
5943:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5909:Gavialosuchus
5906:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5895:Aktiogavialis
5892:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5864:
5863:
5862:T. taiwanicum
5859:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5807:Paratomistoma
5804:
5802:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5792:Gavialosuchus
5789:
5786:
5785:
5784:Brasilosuchus
5781:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5771:sensu stricto
5768:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5701:Paratomistoma
5698:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:Maroccosuchus
5677:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5651:Gunggamarandu
5648:
5646:
5645:
5644:Gavialosuchus
5641:
5639:
5638:
5637:Ferganosuchus
5634:
5632:
5631:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5605:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:Tzaganosuchus
5524:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5441:Osteolaeminae
5438:
5431:
5430:
5429:Oxysdonsaurus
5426:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5396:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5379:Jiangxisuchus
5376:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5349:Astorgosuchus
5346:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:Albertosuchus
5331:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5320:Crocodyloidea
5316:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5290:
5285:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5239:C. gasparinae
5236:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:Kuttanacaiman
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5073:Culebrasuchus
5070:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5043:Brachychampsa
5040:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4994:A. prenasalis
4991:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4905:Chrysochampsa
4902:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:Akanthosuchus
4871:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4861:Alligatorinae
4858:
4851:
4850:
4849:Sajkanosuchus
4846:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:Lianghusuchus
4830:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:Alligatoridae
4811:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4778:Jiangxisuchus
4775:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4678:Brachychampsa
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4502:Borealosuchus
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4480:Albertosuchus
4477:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4041:(4): 15β521.
4040:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3657:0-253-34374-7
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:(2): 103β108.
3487:
3483:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3431:de Vis, 1886"
3430:
3429:Pallimnarchus
3424:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3365:(3): 657β673.
3364:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3284:South Pacific
3281:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3197:Gunggamarandu
3194:
3190:
3189:false gharial
3186:
3185:
3184:Gunggamarandu
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:Pallimnarchus
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:Pallimnarchus
3128:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:Pallimnarchus
3111:
3110:Pallimnarchus
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:Pallimnarchus
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3069:
3066:The range of
3059:
3048:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2980:Pallimnarchus
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2834:Quinkana spp.
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2551:"Baru" huberi
2545:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2412:Crocodyloidea
2410:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:Pallimnarchus
1994:
1993:Pallimnarchus
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:by Ristevski
1958:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1732:"Baru" huberi
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1571:Pallimnarchus
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:Pallimnarchus
1362:
1361:Pallimnarchus
1358:
1357:Pallimnarchus
1351:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1288:species from
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1165:parietal bone
1162:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1026:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:Pallimnarchus
994:
990:
986:
985:Pallimnarchus
978:
974:
973:Nebo district
970:
966:
961:
957:
953:
952:
949:
948:
944:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:Pallimnarchus
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
903:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
878:
876:
874:
873:Pallimnarchus
870:
866:
859:
857:
855:
851:
847:
846:Pallimnarchus
843:
842:Pallimnarchus
839:
835:
831:
830:Pallimnarchus
827:
823:
819:
813:
811:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
788:Pallimnarchus
785:
780:
778:
777:Pallimnarchus
774:
770:
769:Pallimnarchus
765:
760:
759:Pallimnarchus
755:
753:
749:
744:
739:
738:Pallimnarchus
730:
724:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
708:Pallimnarchus
705:
701:
700:Pallimnarchus
697:
696:Pallimnarchus
693:
687:
685:
680:
676:
672:
671:Pallimnarchus
667:
665:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:Pallimnarchus
639:
638:Pallimnarchus
631:
630:Pallimnarchus
626:
619:
617:
615:
611:
610:Pallimnarchus
607:
603:
599:
598:
593:
592:Pallimnarchus
589:
585:
584:Pallimnarchus
581:
577:
576:Pallimnarchus
573:
572:Pallimnarchus
568:
566:
562:
561:Pallimnarchus
558:
554:
553:Darling Downs
550:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:Pallimnarchus
528:
521:
520:Pallimnarchus
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
488:
486:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
439:Pallimnarchus
436:
432:
428:
427:Pallimnarchus
423:
422:Pallimnarchus
419:
418:Pallimnarchus
415:
410:
408:
407:
402:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
377:
373:
370:
366:
365:
352:
348:
345:
340:
339:pallimnarchus
338:
334:
333:
331:
328:
324:
317:
316:Pallimnarchus
312:
311:
304:
303:
301:
296:
291:
285:
284:
276:
273:
269:
264:
258:
257:
250:
247:
246:
243:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
149:
144:
140:
136:
131:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
6470:Mekosuchinae
6404:
6350:
6229:
6175:
6146:Brevirostres
6096:G. papuensis
6094:
6086:
6078:
6070:
6062:
6054:
6048:G. breviceps
6046:
6039:
6029:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5969:Penghusuchus
5967:
5959:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5929:
5922:
5915:
5907:
5902:Dadagavialis
5900:
5893:
5881:
5860:
5852:
5844:
5836:
5826:
5815:Thecachampsa
5813:
5805:
5800:Melitosaurus
5798:
5790:
5782:
5770:
5767:Tomistominae
5756:Sacacosuchus
5754:
5728:
5721:
5713:
5708:Thecachampsa
5706:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5621:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5564:C. checchiai
5562:
5555:
5545:
5533:
5525:
5517:
5509:
5501:
5490:Crocodylinae
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5427:
5419:
5412:
5400:Crocodylidae
5387:Mekosuchinae
5385:
5377:
5370:
5362:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5332:
5307:Longirostres
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5225:C. australis
5223:
5213:
5201:
5194:
5186:Melanosuchus
5184:
5171:
5164:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5137:Paranasuchus
5135:
5130:Paranacaiman
5128:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5058:Ceratosuchus
5056:
5049:
5041:
5034:
5027:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4959:A. hailensis
4957:
4947:
4934:
4926:
4920:Navajosuchus
4918:
4910:
4903:
4897:Ceratosuchus
4895:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4735:
4727:
4722:Navajosuchus
4720:
4714:Leidyosuchus
4712:
4705:
4698:
4690:
4685:Ceratosuchus
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4632:
4627:Leidyosuchus
4625:
4620:Diplocynodon
4618:
4611:
4559:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4500:
4495:Asiatosuchus
4493:
4485:
4478:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4402:
4395:
4387:
4380:Mekosuchinae
4369:crocodilians
4287:Pseudosuchia
4272:Pseudosuchia
4251:
4247:Pseudosuchia
4242:
4208:crocodilians
4154:
4147:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4038:
4034:
4028:
3998:(1): 55β62.
3995:
3991:
3985:
3942:
3938:
3888:
3882:
3872:
3847:
3843:
3830:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3716:
3712:
3686:. Retrieved
3683:ScienceDaily
3682:
3647:
3644:Molnar, R.E.
3624:
3591:
3585:
3563:(1): 76β88.
3560:
3556:
3550:
3523:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3423:Molnar, R.E.
3362:
3358:
3332:
3328:
3325:De Vis, C.W.
3296:
3292:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2974:Paleoecology
2962:
2954:Paleobiology
2907:Crocodylidae
2905:
2832:
2831:
2812:
2811:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2677:
2676:
2657:
2656:
2630:
2629:
2603:
2602:
2576:
2575:
2549:
2548:
2515:
2514:
2490:Kambara spp.
2488:
2487:
2461:
2460:
2449:Mekosuchinae
2424:
2423:
2321:Baru darrowi
2319:
2318:
2304:Baru wickeni
2302:
2301:
2269:
2268:
2252:
2251:
2212:
2211:
2195:
2194:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2140:
2139:
2098:
2097:
2081:
2080:
2057:
2056:
2038:Mekosuchinae
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1933:Longirostres
1931:
1840:
1839:
1820:
1819:
1793:
1792:
1766:
1765:
1730:
1729:
1713:
1653:
1651:
1634:Baru darrowi
1632:
1631:
1607:Baru wickeni
1605:
1604:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1549:
1548:
1508:
1507:
1472:
1471:
1452:
1451:
1418:
1417:
1406:Mekosuchinae
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1294:tooth enamel
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1212:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1173:
1158:
1133:
1129:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
982:
976:
968:
955:
946:
945:
937:
933:
929:
925:
913:
905:
904:
896:
892:
888:
872:
864:
863:
853:
850:nomen dubium
845:
841:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:
809:
805:
801:
796:
787:
781:
776:
772:
768:
767:assigned to
763:
758:
756:
737:
735:
722:
715:
711:
707:
699:
695:
692:Mekosuchinae
688:
670:
668:
661:
641:
637:
635:
629:
613:
609:
602:Ralph Molnar
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
569:
560:
546:
534:
530:
526:
524:
519:
510:
506:
502:
498:
482:
480:
475:
465:
457:
453:
449:
447:
442:
438:
434:
431:nomen dubium
426:
421:
417:
413:
411:
405:
404:
399:
398:
363:
362:
361:
346:
335:
315:
309:
308:
289:
282:
281:
272:Type species
262:
255:
254:
242:Mekosuchinae
232:
209:
196:
134:
35:
29:
6295:iNaturalist
6254:Wikispecies
6072:G. leptodus
5924:Hanyusuchus
5917:Gryposuchus
5846:T. gaudense
5715:Tienosuchus
5694:Ocepesuchus
5658:Kentisuchus
5630:Dollosuchus
5609:Gavialoidea
5151:Purussaurus
5144:Protocaiman
5116:Necrosuchus
5109:Mourasuchus
5095:Gnatusuchus
5036:Bottosaurus
5001:A. thomsoni
4980:A. munensis
4973:A. mefferdi
4889:Arambourgia
4825:Balanerodus
4785:Krabisuchus
4764:Eoalligator
4692:Deinosuchus
4671:Arambourgia
4613:Deinosuchus
4487:Arenysuchus
4455:Ultrastenos
4412:Kalthifrons
3253:P. vincenti
3249:P. gracilis
3226:P. gracilis
3222:P. vincenti
3217:P. vincenti
3012:Purussaurus
2001:Kalthifrons
1975:as well as
1973:Kalthifrons
1551:Kalthifrons
1385:Kalthifrons
1282:P. vincenti
1278:P. gracilis
1161:skull table
1142:nasal bones
1015:Description
969:P. vincenti
956:P. vincenti
914:P. gracilis
822:P. gracilis
808:. However,
704:Paul Willis
582:. The name
476:P. gracilis
387:Pleistocene
379:crocodylian
376:mekosuchine
135:P. vincenti
46:Pleistocene
6464:Categories
6420:Q117466669
6366:Q117465000
6191:Q112584523
6144:See also:
5882:sensu lato
5878:Gavialinae
5742:Gavialidae
5547:Crocodylus
5471:Rimasuchus
5464:Euthecodon
5450:Brochuchus
5196:M. fisheri
5029:Acresuchus
5016:Caimaninae
4966:A. mcgrewi
4646:Globidonta
4426:Mekosuchus
4335:see belowβ
4326:Crocodilia
4238:Sauropsida
4141:: 159β163.
3688:2021-01-09
3441:: e10466.
3335:: 181β191.
3308:References
3297:Crocodylus
3275:Extinction
3265:Crocodylus
3145:, leaving
3139:Crocodylus
3102:Crocodylus
3090:Crocodylus
3086:metatarsal
1977:Mekosuchus
1795:Mekosuchus
1299:Crocodylus
1118:premaxilla
1106:premaxilla
614:Crocodylus
597:Crocodylus
557:Queensland
555:region of
337:Crocodylus
288:Ristevski
261:Ristevski
226:Crocodilia
6176:Paludirex
6080:G. lewisi
6056:G. browni
5828:Tomistoma
5166:Tsoabichi
4987:A. olseni
4949:Alligator
4433:Paludirex
4314:Neosuchia
4299:Neosuchia
4224:Kingdom:
3542:258878554
3288:Paludirex
3280:Paludirex
3269:Paludirex
3261:Paludirex
3233:Paludirex
3213:Paludirex
3204:Paludirex
3193:Paludirex
3175:Paludirex
3163:Paludirex
3135:Paludirex
3118:Paludirex
3082:Paludirex
3068:Paludirex
3031:Paludirex
3027:Paludirex
3016:Paludirex
2993:Paludirex
2988:Paludirex
2984:Paludirex
2963:Paludirex
2814:Baru spp.
2009:Paludirex
1985:Paludirex
1965:Paludirex
1957:Paludirex
1355:Although
1341:Phylogeny
1327:Paludirex
1308:Paludirex
1304:denticles
1286:Paludirex
1274:Paludirex
1265:Paludirex
1256:teeth of
1254:ziphodont
1242:Paludirex
1238:Paludirex
1226:Paludirex
1220:Dentition
1189:Paludirex
1180:squamosal
1114:Paludirex
1098:Paludirex
1087:Paludirex
1063:Paludirex
1058:Paludirex
1009:Paludirex
1005:Paludirex
889:Paludirex
869:etymology
865:Paludirex
860:Etymology
854:Paludirex
834:Paludirex
826:Paludirex
818:Paludirex
723:Paludirex
646:lectotype
580:Paludirex
527:Paludirex
503:Paludirex
483:Paludirex
462:megafauna
458:Paludirex
443:Paludirex
435:Paludirex
414:Paludirex
391:Australia
381:from the
364:Paludirex
256:Paludirex
166:Kingdom:
160:Eukaryota
36:Paludirex
6447:11132734
6434:61146861
6414:Wikidata
6393:11217038
6380:61146863
6360:Wikidata
6245:Q2788059
6239:Wikidata
6218:11142002
6205:61146859
6185:Wikidata
6031:Gavialis
5519:Quinkana
5080:Eocaiman
4700:Eocaiman
4440:Quinkana
4256:Eusuchia
4232:Chordata
4230:Phylum:
4226:Animalia
4206:Extinct
4120:34108569
4063:84820245
4020:84759144
3977:32418985
3917:30051855
3891:(1881).
3864:86065169
3822:84580859
3775:(1): 1.
3753:23650401
3646:(2004).
3526:: 1β46.
3467:33391869
3208:Quinkana
3171:Quinkana
3167:Quinkana
3151:osteitis
3143:Quinkana
3106:Quinkana
3094:Quinkana
3072:Quinkana
2017:Quinkana
1969:Quinkana
1842:Quinkana
1379:in Mead
1312:Quinkana
1296:like in
1290:Quinkana
1258:Quinkana
1078:Quinkana
960:Pliocene
784:holotype
752:Brisbane
663:Quinkana
565:holotype
548:Quinkana
507:Quinkana
467:Quinkana
383:Pliocene
327:Synonyms
190:Reptilia
180:Chordata
176:Phylum:
170:Animalia
156:Domain:
42:Pliocene
6326:4132189
6313:1157124
6287:4822220
6274:4472744
5511:Kinyang
5478:Kinyang
4419:Kambara
4236:Class:
4111:8190066
4090:Bibcode
4043:Bibcode
4000:Bibcode
3968:7231803
3947:Bibcode
3908:6030529
3744:3670326
3721:Bibcode
3577:1441553
3458:7759136
1656:Alcoota
1377:Kambara
1202:Kambara
1175:Kambara
1126:maxilla
879:Species
694:, with
543:apatite
369:extinct
248:Genus:
222:Order:
186:Class:
6300:631793
5215:Caiman
4472:Others
4162:
4118:
4108:
4061:
4018:
3975:
3965:
3915:
3905:
3862:
3844:Copeia
3820:
3751:
3741:
3654:
3575:
3557:Copeia
3540:
3465:
3455:
3293:et al.
3202:While
2007:found
2005:et al.
1961:et al.
1381:et al.
764:et al.
679:Mackay
351:De Vis
292:, 2020
290:et al.
265:, 2020
263:et al.
6339:38454
6308:IRMNG
4462:Volia
4367:Basal
4252:Clade
4243:Clade
4059:S2CID
4016:S2CID
3860:S2CID
3840:(PDF)
3818:S2CID
3621:(PDF)
3573:JSTOR
3538:S2CID
3435:PeerJ
3302:Sahul
3127:femur
1991:like
1768:Volia
1122:nasal
1100:from
793:Warra
677:near
372:genus
233:Clade
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