1528:
1511:
1386:
1670:
1735:
1581:
1682:
1866:
1649:
1425:
1615:
1598:
1542:
1258:
2027:
31:
1558:
1495:
1290:
6424:
2188:
1719:
1785:
2140:
1441:
1882:
1338:
1632:
2204:
1226:
2220:
1801:
1818:
2236:
2092:
2060:
2044:
1479:
678:
74:
2076:
1979:
1963:
6401:
6391:
5570:
2300:
2156:
1850:
1242:
1768:
2268:
2124:
2108:
1931:
1899:
1834:
1370:
1111:
507:
2284:
2252:
2172:
2011:
1915:
1752:
1322:
43:
1103:
499:
6412:
2323:
1995:
1947:
1306:
1210:
1402:
1354:
1274:
4891:
4383:
1463:
582:
ideology due to the country's history of having avoided being taken over by a colonial power. Numerous
African countries have adopted the colours into their national flags, and they are similarly used as a symbol by many Pan-African organisations and the
1179:
has a constitution that defines red, black, and green as the Pan-African colours: "red representing the noble blood that unites all people of
African ancestry, the colour black for the people, green for the rich land of Africa." The
6237:
1172:
5029:
1707:
colours also originate from the
Ethiopian flag, but though Rastafari thought harbours pan-African sympathies, its use of the Ethiopian flag is historically rooted in the veneration of former Ethiopian emperor
3110:
5022:
3151:
6210:
3004:
3387:
3760:
3188:
6225:
1527:
4822:
3676:
2178:
4023:
2979:
3511:
634:. The Ethiopian flag has influenced the flags of many Pan-African organizations and polities. Except for relatively brief periods of influence and occupation by the
5265:
4952:
4016:
1510:
4496:
1058:
454:
642:
in 1896, ending the
Italian protectorate. As a result, the country drew the admiration of many newly independent states in Africa. The adoption of the Ethiopian
5279:
4919:
3645:
1655:
6155:
5088:
3029:
6454:
5525:
5238:
4777:
3354:
6195:
5530:
4770:
4442:
4324:
3024:
2888:
5613:
5498:
5203:
5192:
4945:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3084:
3009:
1669:
5224:
4848:
4801:
4535:
4350:
4037:
3563:
2999:
2883:
1385:
3262:
2446:
1648:
6231:
5001:
3573:
3136:
1734:
1392:
6109:
3318:
2742:
1424:
1147:
543:
1681:
6190:
5177:
3377:
2974:
1580:
1264:
1257:
3308:
3216:
646:
by many Pan-African entities is a consequence of this. The first
African state to adopt a gold, red and green flag upon independence was
5062:
3272:
6346:
6160:
5197:
4829:
4638:
4160:
3789:
3494:
2920:
2863:
1557:
1501:
1494:
697:
93:
6220:
5556:
5272:
5187:
4926:
4656:
4623:
4219:
3489:
1296:
1289:
4609:
1865:
1440:
1614:
1597:
1541:
5111:
4757:
4588:
4318:
3635:
3501:
3422:
3146:
3765:
2026:
6300:
5338:
5286:
5159:
4971:
4763:
4663:
3671:
3553:
3538:
3464:
3402:
3167:
2994:
1020:
416:
2187:
4722:
4581:
4178:
3655:
3526:
3479:
3474:
3343:
3237:
3034:
1485:
3923:
3745:
3605:
3221:
1718:
6371:
6200:
6129:
4898:
4390:
4281:
4212:
2194:
829:
225:
3600:
1881:
6185:
6170:
5606:
5551:
5491:
5330:
4979:
4808:
3953:
3077:
2989:
1185:
3615:
3426:
3303:
3247:
887:
283:
6315:
5210:
5037:
4752:
4732:
4372:
4331:
4150:
3948:
3014:
1200:
The following are countries and territories that use one or both sets of Pan-African colours in their official flags:
1035:
431:
5849:
4747:
3459:
3367:
957:
353:
2471:
6479:
6449:
6124:
5535:
5436:
5348:
5231:
4862:
4727:
4364:
4249:
4244:
4186:
4171:
3938:
3845:
3640:
3252:
3181:
3044:
2139:
1725:
1631:
1478:
794:
190:
3829:
6180:
6145:
5319:
5309:
5294:
5217:
5096:
4870:
4697:
4527:
4511:
4377:
4312:
4104:
4094:
3933:
3883:
3781:
3735:
3174:
3156:
3039:
2898:
2735:
1697:
Although the following flags contain a pan-African colour scheme, they were not officially designed to symbolise
1431:
1140:
536:
5182:
3740:
6336:
6085:
5990:
5914:
5754:
5426:
5416:
5406:
5259:
5172:
5167:
5126:
5116:
4837:
4816:
4785:
4742:
4686:
4570:
4516:
4505:
4452:
4405:
3988:
3436:
3323:
3206:
3049:
2146:
5304:
3928:
3898:
602:. These colours have also been incorporated on national flags, and they have sometimes been used to represent
5121:
4227:
3725:
3720:
3650:
3382:
3287:
3211:
6469:
6464:
6394:
6366:
6361:
6351:
6205:
6165:
5899:
5794:
5740:
5599:
5484:
5431:
5401:
5391:
5381:
5363:
5358:
5136:
5106:
5072:
4965:
4934:
4905:
4885:
4790:
4717:
4711:
4681:
4676:
4540:
4457:
4416:
4397:
4306:
4286:
4276:
4201:
4130:
4119:
4109:
4007:
3994:
3963:
3888:
3804:
3799:
3730:
3558:
3417:
3070:
2969:
2780:
2715:
The World
Encyclopedia of Flags: The Definitive Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns
2378:
1800:
1517:
1337:
1088:
847:
484:
243:
3983:
3853:
3834:
3750:
3469:
3282:
6459:
6175:
5814:
5663:
5386:
5373:
5353:
5141:
5082:
5077:
5067:
5054:
5043:
5008:
4737:
4649:
4602:
4565:
4545:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4296:
4271:
4206:
4155:
4137:
4114:
4099:
4089:
3973:
3968:
3958:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3839:
3809:
3794:
3775:
3770:
3755:
3715:
3705:
3484:
2848:
1564:
1078:
852:
638:, Ethiopia remained outside European control during the colonial era by defeating the Italian army at the
474:
248:
30:
4422:
3242:
2203:
1225:
6416:
6080:
5511:
5421:
5396:
5324:
5314:
5152:
5146:
5131:
4992:
4985:
4960:
4913:
4875:
4842:
4691:
4630:
4616:
4550:
4521:
4437:
4432:
4344:
4291:
4266:
4256:
4196:
4191:
4145:
4124:
3978:
3918:
3824:
3814:
3710:
2790:
2550:
2328:
1888:
1784:
1448:
1344:
1114:
677:
510:
73:
3548:
3533:
3516:
3506:
3449:
3444:
2219:
1767:
6484:
6262:
6215:
5945:
5869:
5834:
5411:
5343:
5299:
4880:
4795:
4705:
4643:
4595:
4575:
4560:
4410:
4339:
4261:
4238:
4232:
4165:
4084:
3943:
3878:
3863:
3610:
2728:
2586:
2235:
2210:
2091:
2059:
2043:
1232:
1133:
1068:
882:
862:
704:
529:
464:
278:
258:
100:
6305:
6000:
5643:
5101:
5015:
4939:
4855:
4671:
4555:
4447:
4357:
4301:
4065:
3819:
3630:
3625:
3543:
3161:
3019:
2953:
2795:
2226:
1824:
1817:
1741:
1025:
1002:
824:
742:
737:
732:
421:
398:
220:
138:
133:
128:
2483:
2075:
1978:
1962:
6474:
6331:
6310:
6035:
5985:
5960:
5950:
5935:
5889:
5874:
4427:
4044:
3595:
3590:
3407:
3392:
3131:
2948:
2833:
2679:
2428:
2351:
2242:
2098:
2066:
2050:
1587:
1030:
747:
426:
143:
5955:
2299:
2155:
1849:
1241:
3521:
3362:
3267:
2383:
6268:
5799:
5784:
5727:
5668:
5648:
4030:
2943:
2843:
2420:
2361:
2341:
2336:
2267:
2123:
2107:
2082:
1985:
1969:
1930:
1898:
1833:
1369:
762:
752:
661:
603:
158:
148:
57:
3454:
6284:
6060:
5995:
5975:
5970:
5789:
5658:
5251:
3126:
2770:
2412:
2366:
2346:
2306:
2162:
1872:
1856:
1248:
1181:
1166:
1073:
997:
867:
714:
643:
635:
631:
599:
575:
469:
393:
263:
110:
47:
35:
2283:
2251:
2171:
2010:
1914:
1751:
1321:
6404:
6095:
6075:
6005:
5839:
5804:
5709:
5574:
4467:
3697:
2938:
2933:
2371:
2356:
2274:
2130:
2114:
1937:
1905:
1840:
1791:
1376:
1120:
967:
962:
947:
912:
516:
363:
358:
343:
308:
5824:
3620:
2625:
1994:
1946:
1305:
1209:
2514:
6376:
6341:
6090:
6050:
6040:
5909:
5904:
5894:
5884:
5819:
5779:
5688:
5622:
4058:
4051:
3348:
3105:
2984:
2893:
2873:
2818:
2290:
2258:
2017:
1921:
1807:
1774:
1758:
1709:
1698:
1659:
1621:
1604:
1469:
1401:
1353:
1328:
1273:
1184:
was designated the official colours of Black
Africans by the UNIA at its convention in
982:
927:
902:
897:
872:
857:
669:
651:
639:
619:
579:
378:
323:
298:
293:
268:
253:
65:
6443:
6428:
6274:
6150:
6070:
6065:
6045:
6025:
6010:
5965:
5879:
5864:
5844:
5829:
5809:
5507:
4076:
3196:
2838:
2828:
2823:
2810:
2775:
2432:
2033:
2001:
1953:
1462:
1453:
1312:
1216:
1189:
1176:
1106:
992:
972:
942:
932:
922:
917:
819:
627:
595:
502:
388:
368:
338:
328:
318:
313:
215:
2532:
6055:
5980:
5769:
5653:
3313:
3277:
2868:
2661:
1408:
1360:
1280:
1083:
892:
877:
757:
479:
288:
273:
153:
6242:
5720:
2607:
773:
169:
17:
2496:
5930:
5854:
5714:
5456:
3372:
2751:
2697:
2643:
2568:
1638:
1548:
1063:
692:
459:
88:
6411:
2322:
42:
6030:
5940:
3397:
3201:
3141:
2853:
2318:
2424:
2416:
6020:
6015:
5859:
5683:
5678:
5673:
3257:
2878:
2800:
1704:
987:
952:
937:
789:
784:
779:
767:
584:
383:
348:
333:
185:
180:
175:
163:
598:
in 1920, have also come to represent Pan-Africanism, and are shown on the
5774:
2908:
2785:
977:
907:
373:
303:
38:, the colours of which have been adopted by numerous pan-African groups.
6356:
2903:
2858:
2403:
Shelby, Tommie (October 2003). "Two
Conceptions of Black Nationalism".
6238:
Universal Negro
Improvement Association and African Communities League
1173:
Universal Negro
Improvement Association and African Communities League
630:
of many African nations. The colour combination was borrowed from the
5734:
5693:
1053:
800:
567:
449:
196:
1701:. The designs may or may not be influenced by pan-African colours.
647:
615:
591:
563:
41:
29:
5591:
5459:(dependent) territories, disputed states and/or former countries.
3094:
2765:
5595:
5480:
3066:
2724:
2447:"Why Most African Flags Use the Red, Yellow, and Green Colors?"
2720:
2472:"Mrs Theodosia Okoh: The Woman Who Designed The Ghanaian Flag"
623:
571:
559:
is a term that may refer to two different sets of colours:
6211:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
3005:
International Federation of Vexillological Associations
6226:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
1196:
Current country flags with the Pan-African symbolism
6324:
6293:
6255:
6138:
6117:
6108:
5923:
5762:
5753:
5702:
5636:
5629:
5544:
5518:
5372:
5250:
5053:
4466:
4075:
4006:
3696:
3689:
3664:
3435:
3416:
3336:
3296:
3230:
3119:
2962:
2919:
2809:
2758:
2980:Croatian Heraldic and Vexillological Association
1693:Non pan-African flags with pan-African colours
5607:
5492:
3078:
2736:
1141:
537:
8:
3030:Southern African Vexillological Association
6114:
5759:
5633:
5614:
5600:
5592:
5499:
5485:
5477:
5473:
3693:
3432:
3227:
3085:
3071:
3063:
3059:
2743:
2729:
2721:
1148:
1134:
656:
544:
530:
52:
6196:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
3025:North American Vexillological Association
2602:
2600:
698:Stolen African art in Western collections
94:Stolen African art in Western collections
6156:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
3010:Italian Centre of Vexillological Studies
5915:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
3000:Great Waters Association of Vexillology
2395:
1714:
1576:
1420:
1205:
668:
64:
2551:"flag of the Central African Republic"
1573:Former flags with pan-African colours
7:
6191:International African Service Bureau
2975:Australian National Flag Association
6232:Rassemblement Démocratique Africain
2587:"flag of the Republic of the Congo"
1534:Union of African States (1961–1962)
6161:All-African Trade Union Federation
2484:Mrs. Theodosia Salome Okoh Profile
25:
6455:African-American cultural history
6221:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
594:, and green, first introduced by
6422:
6410:
6400:
6399:
6390:
6389:
5568:
5188:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3761:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2321:
2298:
2282:
2266:
2250:
2234:
2218:
2202:
2186:
2170:
2154:
2138:
2122:
2106:
2090:
2074:
2058:
2042:
2025:
2009:
1993:
1977:
1961:
1945:
1929:
1913:
1897:
1880:
1864:
1848:
1832:
1816:
1799:
1783:
1766:
1750:
1733:
1717:
1680:
1668:
1647:
1630:
1613:
1596:
1579:
1556:
1540:
1526:
1509:
1493:
1477:
1461:
1439:
1423:
1400:
1384:
1368:
1352:
1336:
1320:
1304:
1288:
1272:
1256:
1240:
1224:
1208:
1109:
1101:
676:
505:
497:
72:
6347:All-African Peoples' Conference
2995:Genealogical Society of Ireland
2680:"flag of Sao Tome and Principe"
5295:Federated States of Micronesia
4031:Australian Antarctic Territory
3035:Spanish Society of Vexillology
1675:Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964)
1486:Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
1:
6372:United States of Latin Africa
6201:Organisation of African Unity
6130:African Leadership University
3263:Border and Coast Guard Forces
2713:Znamierowski, Alfred (2001).
830:Organisation of African Unity
578:, have come to represent the
226:Organisation of African Unity
6186:First Pan-African Conference
3388:Olympics and the Paralympics
3319:Pilot boat flags and ensigns
2717:. London: Anness Publishing.
4045:Chilean Antarctic Territory
4038:British Antarctic Territory
3378:International Organizations
3015:Macedonian Heraldry Society
1687:Flag of Senegal (1958–1959)
606:rather than Pan-Africanism.
6501:
6125:African Leadership Academy
5023:cities, towns and villages
3045:Ukrainian Heraldry Society
1164:
795:Third International Theory
191:Third International Theory
27:Red, gold, green and black
6417:Pan-Africanism portal
6385:
6181:Economic Freedom Fighters
6171:Convention People's Party
6146:African Unification Front
5565:
5476:
5472:
5449:
3101:
3062:
3058:
3040:State Council of Heraldry
1432:African National Congress
6337:African-American leftism
6086:Henry Sylvester Williams
5850:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
3746:Central African Republic
3050:William Crampton Library
2417:10.1177/0090591703252826
1265:Central African Republic
1059:African and Black Topics
958:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
455:African and Black Topics
354:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
48:pan-African or UNIA flag
6395:Pan-Africanism category
6367:United States of Africa
6362:Union of African States
6352:East African Federation
6301:Ethnic groups of Africa
6206:Pan African Association
5795:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
5741:United States of Africa
5280:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3324:Yacht flags and ensigns
3309:Civil and Merchant Navy
3207:State flags and ensigns
3168:Former sovereign states
2970:Australian Flag Society
2781:Glossary of vexillology
2702:Encyclopædia Britannica
2684:Encyclopædia Britannica
2666:Encyclopædia Britannica
2648:Encyclopædia Britannica
2630:Encyclopædia Britannica
2626:"flag of Guinea-Bissau"
2612:Encyclopædia Britannica
2591:Encyclopædia Britannica
2573:Encyclopædia Britannica
2555:Encyclopædia Britannica
2537:Encyclopædia Britannica
2519:Encyclopædia Britannica
2501:Encyclopædia Britannica
2379:United States of Africa
1518:Union of African States
1188:on August 13, 1920, in
1089:Reparations for slavery
1021:Ethnic groups of Africa
485:Reparations for slavery
417:Ethnic groups of Africa
6176:East African Community
5815:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
5664:Anti-Western sentiment
5545:National coats of arms
5204:states and territories
4920:autonomous communities
4536:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3258:Air Forces Fin Flashes
3243:Army and Ground Forces
2515:"flag of Burkina Faso"
1726:Aboriginal Australians
1565:Republic of New Afrika
1502:East African Community
1079:Anti-Western sentiment
888:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
853:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
475:Anti-Western sentiment
284:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
249:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
50:
39:
6081:Frances Cress Welsing
5557:Dependent territories
5531:Dependent territories
5178:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5038:Vatican City/Holy See
3924:São Tomé and Príncipe
3766:Republic of the Congo
3368:Dependent territories
3217:Special and fictional
2954:Tinctures in heraldry
2329:Pan-Africanism portal
2195:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1449:African-American Flag
1393:São Tomé and Príncipe
1297:Republic of the Congo
1186:Madison Square Garden
1115:Pan-Africanism portal
650:in 1957, designed by
626:are now found on the
574:, the colours of the
511:Pan-Africanism portal
45:
33:
6263:Black Star of Africa
6216:Pan-African Congress
6166:Conseil de l'Entente
5946:Edward Wilmot Blyden
5870:Abdias do Nascimento
5835:Toussaint Louverture
5089:lieutenant governors
4443:United Arab Emirates
4024:Argentine Antarctica
3344:Country subdivisions
3175:Formerly independent
883:Edward Francis Small
863:Babacar Sedikh Diouf
705:Black Star of Africa
279:Edward Francis Small
259:Babacar Sedikh Diouf
101:Black Star of Africa
6316:Conflicts in Africa
6306:Languages of Africa
6280:Pan-African colours
6001:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
5644:African nationalism
5575:Heraldry portal
5193:Trinidad and Tobago
5063:Antigua and Barbuda
3273:Ministry of Defense
3253:Air Forces Roundels
3020:Nordic Flag Society
2453:. February 22, 2021
1036:Conflicts in Africa
1026:Languages of Africa
1003:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
825:Conscious Community
743:African nationalism
738:African communalism
710:Pan-African colours
662:the Politics series
557:Pan-African colours
432:Conflicts in Africa
422:Languages of Africa
399:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
221:Conscious Community
139:African nationalism
134:African communalism
106:Pan-African colours
58:the Politics series
6332:African philosophy
6311:Religion in Africa
6036:Zephania Mothopeng
5986:Amy Ashwood Garvey
5961:John Henrik Clarke
5951:Stokely Carmichael
5936:Molefi Kete Asante
5890:John Nyathi Pokela
5875:Gamal Abdel Nasser
5112:Dominican Republic
4823:personal standards
4802:naval and maritime
3127:African derivative
2990:Flags of the World
2533:"flag of Cameroon"
2352:Pan-Iranian colors
1417:Non-national flags
1175:(UNIA) founded by
1031:Religion in Africa
748:African philosophy
427:Religion in Africa
144:African philosophy
51:
40:
18:Pan-African colors
6480:Symbols of Africa
6450:Culture of Africa
6437:
6436:
6429:Africa portal
6269:Le Marron Inconnu
6251:
6250:
6104:
6103:
5900:Ahmed Sékou Touré
5749:
5748:
5669:Black nationalism
5649:African socialism
5589:
5588:
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5580:
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5464:
5463:
5445:
5444:
3790:Equatorial Guinea
3685:
3684:
3672:Non-quadrilateral
3332:
3331:
2662:"flag of Senegal"
2474:, African Celebs.
2384:Pan-African Flags
2362:Pan-Slavic colors
2342:Nordic Cross Flag
2337:Flag of Lithuania
1192:, United States.
1158:
1157:
848:Ahmed Sékou Touré
763:Black nationalism
753:African socialism
733:African anarchism
604:black nationalism
554:
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244:Ahmed Sékou Touré
159:Black nationalism
149:African socialism
129:African anarchism
16:(Redirected from
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6285:Pan-African flag
6115:
6061:Randall Robinson
5996:Leonard Jeffries
5976:W. E. B. Du Bois
5971:Cheikh Anta Diop
5966:Martin R. Delany
5790:David Comissiong
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5659:Anti-imperialism
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5552:Sovereign states
5526:Sovereign states
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5339:Papua New Guinea
5310:Marshall Islands
5273:Christmas Island
5002:Northern Ireland
4849:federal subjects
4624:Pays de la Loire
4351:federal subjects
4332:coastwise emblem
3694:
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3162:Historical flags
3152:Date of Adoption
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2771:History of flags
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2608:"flag of Guinea"
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1074:Anti-imperialism
998:W. E. B. Du Bois
868:Cheikh Anta Diop
715:Pan-African flag
680:
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644:national colours
636:Kingdom of Italy
632:flag of Ethiopia
611:Green-yellow-red
600:pan-African flag
576:flag of Ethiopia
546:
539:
532:
519:
509:
508:
501:
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470:Anti-imperialism
394:W. E. B. Du Bois
264:Cheikh Anta Diop
111:Pan-African flag
76:
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36:flag of Ethiopia
34:The traditional
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6096:Omali Yeshitela
6076:Issa Laye Thiaw
6006:Maulana Karenga
5991:John G. Jackson
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5840:Patrice Lumumba
5805:Muammar Gaddafi
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4506:Austria-Hungary
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4066:Ross Dependency
4059:Queen Maud Land
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3527:Saints' crosses
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2357:Pan-Arab colors
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1161:Red-black-green
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1121:Politics portal
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968:Patrice Lumumba
963:Omali Yeshitela
948:Muammar Gaddafi
913:Issa Laye Thiaw
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359:Omali Yeshitela
344:Muammar Gaddafi
309:Issa Laye Thiaw
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6470:Pan-Africanism
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6465:Flags by color
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6377:Year of Africa
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5800:Anténor Firmin
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5689:Uhuru Movement
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5160:municipalities
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3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3159:
3157:Heads of state
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3111:Reference list
3108:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2985:Flag Institute
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Southern cross
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2819:British ensign
2815:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2708:
2707:
2698:"flag of Togo"
2689:
2671:
2653:
2644:"flag of Mali"
2635:
2617:
2596:
2578:
2569:"flag of Chad"
2560:
2542:
2524:
2506:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2438:
2411:(5): 664–692.
2394:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1710:Haile Selassie
1699:pan-Africanism
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1660:Congo-Kinshasa
1654:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1197:
1194:
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
983:Thomas Sankara
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
928:Julius Nyerere
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
903:Haile Selassie
900:
898:George Padmore
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
873:C. L. R. James
870:
865:
860:
858:Amos N. Wilson
855:
850:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
832:
827:
822:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
701:
700:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
673:
672:
670:Pan-Africanism
666:
665:
652:Theodosia Okoh
640:battle of Adwa
628:national flags
612:
609:
608:
607:
588:
580:pan-Africanist
552:
551:
549:
548:
541:
534:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
513:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
379:Thomas Sankara
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
324:Julius Nyerere
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
299:Haile Selassie
296:
294:George Padmore
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
269:C. L. R. James
266:
261:
256:
254:Amos N. Wilson
251:
246:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
223:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
97:
96:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:
69:
68:
66:Pan-Africanism
62:
61:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6497:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6460:Color schemes
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6430:
6420:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6406:
6398:
6396:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6275:Lion of Judah
6273:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6151:African Union
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6110:Organizations
6107:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6071:Burning Spear
6069:
6067:
6066:Walter Rodney
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6046:Motsoko Pheko
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6026:Archie Mafeje
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6011:Alice Kinloch
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5880:Kwame Nkrumah
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5865:Robert Mugabe
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5845:Samora Machel
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:Jomo Kenyatta
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5810:Marcus Garvey
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5612:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5576:
5564:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5512:coats of arms
5509:
5502:
5497:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5458:
5457:non-sovereign
5454:
5448:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5374:South America
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5198:United States
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5055:North America
5052:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4723:Liechtenstein
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4631:French Empire
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4610:Île-de-France
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
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6056:Paul Robeson
5981:Frantz Fanon
5956:Aimé Césaire
5825:Modibo Keïta
5770:Dennis Akumu
5733:
5726:
5719:
5654:Afrocentrism
5452:
5329:
5285:
5278:
5271:
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5225:armed forces
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4809:voivodeships
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4438:Turkmenistan
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4373:Saudi Arabia
4365:Russian Navy
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4179:armed forces
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4015:
3993:
3949:South Africa
3939:Sierra Leone
3844:
3782:Governorates
3780:
3726:Burkina Faso
3559:Inscriptions
3549:Geographical
3450:Astronomical
3383:Micronations
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3238:Armed Forces
3222:Unrecognized
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2928:
2869:Spanish fess
2844:Nordic cross
2759:Basic topics
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2486:at GhanaWeb.
2479:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2450:
2441:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2211:South Africa
1891:(unofficial)
1703:
1696:
1624:(1961–2001)
1447:
1233:Burkina Faso
1202:
1199:
1170:
1084:Black people
893:Frantz Fanon
878:Dennis Akumu
799:
772:
758:Afrocentrism
709:
614:
556:
555:
480:Black people
289:Frantz Fanon
274:Dennis Akumu
195:
168:
154:Afrocentrism
105:
6485:Vexillology
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2752:Vexillology
2227:South Sudan
2036:(1964–1986)
1810:(1943–1945)
1777:(1967–1970)
1744:(2004–2021)
1742:Afghanistan
1641:(1960–1961)
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1590:(1975–1992)
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1520:(1958–1961)
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693:African art
465:Afro-Latino
89:African art
46:Unofficial
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5941:Steve Biko
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4105:Bangladesh
4095:Azerbaijan
4008:Antarctica
3934:Seychelles
3899:Mozambique
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3651:Watercraft
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2889:Historical
2854:Pride flag
2451:medium.com
2390:References
2243:Tajikistan
2099:Mozambique
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1588:Cape Verde
1064:Afro-Asian
727:Ideologies
460:Afro-Asian
123:Ideologies
6475:Rastafari
6139:Political
6021:Malcolm X
6016:Fela Kuti
5860:Tom Mboya
5721:Négritude
5684:Sankarism
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5451:Names in
5437:Venezuela
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5260:Australia
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5127:Guatemala
4927:provinces
4899:republics
4771:provinces
4728:Lithuania
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4391:republics
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4325:provinces
4313:Palestine
4187:Indonesia
4131:Hong Kong
3889:Mauritius
3646:Two-sided
3636:Triangles
3616:Quartered
3502:Crescents
3490:by number
3470:Buildings
3418:By design
3408:Religious
3403:Proposals
3393:Political
3304:Civil air
3212:Sovereign
3137:Christian
3093:Lists of
2879:Tricolour
2801:Vexilloid
2457:March 30,
2433:145600053
2425:0090-5917
2367:Tricolour
2083:Mauritius
1986:Lithuania
1970:Kurdistan
1705:Rastafari
1182:UNIA flag
988:Tom Mboya
953:Musa Ngum
938:Malcolm X
790:Sankarism
785:Rastafari
780:Nkrumaism
774:Négritude
768:Garveyism
587:movement.
585:Rastafari
384:Tom Mboya
349:Musa Ngum
334:Malcolm X
186:Sankarism
181:Rastafari
176:Nkrumaism
170:Négritude
164:Garveyism
6294:Dynamics
5775:Idi Amin
5703:Concepts
5637:Variants
5630:Ideology
5536:Timeline
5427:Suriname
5417:Paraguay
5402:Colombia
5305:Kiribati
5137:Honduras
5107:Dominica
5073:Barbados
5009:Scotland
4993:Cornwall
4886:Slovenia
4881:Slovakia
4817:Portugal
4596:Brittany
4589:communes
4541:Bulgaria
4528:Brussels
4428:Thailand
4307:Pakistan
4287:Mongolia
4282:Maldives
4277:Malaysia
4120:Cambodia
3995:Rhodesia
3989:Zimbabwe
3964:Tanzania
3846:counties
3805:Ethiopia
3800:Eswatini
3771:Djibouti
3736:Cameroon
3721:Botswana
3665:By shape
3641:Tribands
3601:Nautical
3554:Headgear
3539:Diamonds
3423:National
3363:Cultural
3355:Capitals
3268:Maritime
3182:Timeline
2934:Pan-Arab
2909:Vexillum
2884:Military
2849:Portugal
2796:Tincture
2786:Heraldry
2315:See also
2307:Zimbabwe
2163:Portugal
1857:Ethiopia
1249:Cameroon
1015:Dynamics
978:Sam Mbah
908:Idi Amin
660:Part of
411:Dynamics
374:Sam Mbah
304:Idi Amin
56:Part of
6357:Kwanzaa
6325:Related
6256:Symbols
6243:ZANU–PF
5453:italics
5432:Uruguay
5407:Ecuador
5387:Bolivia
5364:Vanuatu
5252:Oceania
5211:ensigns
5142:Jamaica
5122:Grenada
5068:Bahamas
4986:England
4972:oblasts
4966:Ukraine
4946:cantons
4838:Romania
4743:Moldova
4698:regions
4687:Ireland
4682:Iceland
4677:Hungary
4644:Germany
4639:Georgia
4603:Corsica
4582:regions
4571:Finland
4566:Estonia
4561:Denmark
4546:Croatia
4522:Belgium
4517:Belarus
4491:Austria
4486:Armenia
4481:Andorra
4476:Albania
4453:Vietnam
4292:Myanmar
4272:Lebanon
4161:Georgia
4100:Bahrain
4090:Armenia
3974:Tunisia
3944:Somalia
3929:Senegal
3914:Nigeria
3904:Namibia
3894:Morocco
3859:Liberia
3854:Lesotho
3795:Eritrea
3756:Comoros
3731:Burundi
3706:Algeria
3656:Weapons
3584:Spanish
3579:Russian
3569:English
3534:Devices
3507:Crosses
3480:Circles
3460:Borders
3455:Bicolor
3445:Animals
3427:Gallery
3197:Islamic
3189:By year
3147:Country
2904:Labarum
2874:Triband
2859:Saltire
2834:Chevron
2275:Vanuatu
2131:Namibia
2115:Myanmar
1938:Jamaica
1906:Grenada
1841:Eritrea
1825:Comoros
1792:Bolivia
1377:Senegal
1048:Related
444:Related
5924:Others
5735:Ujamaa
5728:Ubuntu
5694:Zikism
5412:Guyana
5392:Brazil
5359:Tuvalu
5331:states
5173:Panama
5153:states
5147:Mexico
5083:Canada
5078:Belize
4961:Turkey
4935:Sweden
4876:Serbia
4843:Russia
4796:Poland
4791:Norway
4748:Monaco
4718:Latvia
4712:Kosovo
4672:Greece
4650:states
4576:France
4551:Cyprus
4497:states
4468:Europe
4433:Turkey
4417:Taiwan
4345:Russia
4257:Kuwait
4228:Jordan
4202:Israel
4172:states
4146:Cyprus
4115:Brunei
4110:Bhutan
3984:Zambia
3979:Uganda
3919:Rwanda
3874:Malawi
3825:Guinea
3711:Angola
3698:Africa
3621:Solids
3611:People
3606:Plants
3564:Arabic
3517:Nordic
3475:Canton
3373:Ethnic
3349:Cities
2894:Aquila
2829:Canton
2791:Symbol
2431:
2423:
2291:Zambia
2259:Uganda
2179:Rojava
2018:Malawi
1922:Guyana
1775:Biafra
1759:Angola
1622:Rwanda
1605:Malawi
1470:Azawad
1329:Guinea
1054:Africa
842:People
801:Ujamaa
622:, and
620:yellow
568:yellow
450:Africa
238:People
197:Ujamaa
5397:Chile
5354:Tonga
5344:Samoa
5325:Palau
5315:Nauru
5218:jacks
5132:Haiti
5016:Wales
4914:Spain
4856:Sakha
4738:Malta
4692:Italy
4458:Yemen
4411:Syria
4358:Sakha
4340:Qatar
4297:Nepal
4239:Korea
4207:Japan
4166:India
4156:Egypt
4138:Macau
4125:China
3959:Sudan
3909:Niger
3864:Libya
3840:Kenya
3820:Ghana
3810:Gabon
3776:Egypt
3716:Benin
3631:Trees
3626:Stars
3574:Latin
3544:Flags
3485:Color
3095:flags
2939:Malay
2899:Draco
2429:S2CID
2034:Haiti
2002:Libya
1954:Kenya
1808:Burma
1656:Zaire
1313:Ghana
1217:Benin
648:Ghana
616:Green
592:black
590:Red,
564:Green
5510:and
5422:Peru
5300:Fiji
5102:Cuba
4302:Oman
4267:Laos
4197:Iraq
4192:Iran
4077:Asia
3969:Togo
3879:Mali
3751:Chad
3596:Maps
3591:Keys
2766:Flag
2459:2022
2421:ISSN
1409:Togo
1361:Mali
1281:Chad
1171:The
687:Arts
570:and
83:Arts
5239:CSA
2413:doi
1452:by
624:red
572:red
6446::
3425:,
2700:.
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2646:.
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2449:.
2427:.
2419:.
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2407:.
1712:.
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654:.
618:,
566:,
60:on
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2686:.
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2614:.
2593:.
2575:.
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