20:
256:). It is not spoken out of fear of spirits, but to prevent the nuts from being watery, tough, or rotten; or in the case for cassowaries, to show respect to the bird. Kalam pandanus language may also be used outside the forest without penalty unlike other versions. This register is possibly thousands of years old, and may be inspired by older pandanus languages.
130:
The grammar and vocabulary of pandanus language is based on the mother tongue, but a restricted and consolidated form, especially for names of living organisms. Often words are grouped into umbrella terms which do not have an equivalent concept in ordinary speech. Pandanus language words can also
121:
instead. As Tok Pisin has become more widely spoken in the area, pandanus languages have been spoken less. Newer generations also seem to be less afraid of the deep forest, and do not see much need for the protective talk. The Kewa and
Imbongu pandanus languages were thought to be dying out already
88:
vocabulary. The new vocabulary focuses on words involved with trips to harvest karuka nuts, and changes as words become known outside an area. The language is often spoken to control the claimed magical properties of the higher elevations where the karuka grows, and to placate dangerous
683:
Sociolinguistics/Soziolinguistik 3: An
International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society/Ein Internationales Handbuch Zur Wissenschaft Von Sprache und Gesellschaft
574:. AFTSEMU (Agricultural Field Trials, Surveys, Evaluation and Monitoring Unit) of the World Bank funded project in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. pp. 64–71
117:
All ages and genders are expected to know the ritual language before entering the taboo areas, but outsiders who do not know the language may be allowed to speak
394:. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. C-120. Canberra: Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. pp. 1–6.
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language generally should never be used outside the area where the trees grow, for fear of mountain spirits hearing it and coming down to investigate.
80:). Many normal words are thought to be unhealthy for the plants, as they carry associations inimical to the proper growth of the nuts. An elaborate
710:
562:
538:
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407:
610:
720:
489:
484:. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. pp. 313–334.
171:
705:
380:
469:
468:(1992). "Kalam Pandanus Language: An Old New Guinea Experiment in Language Engineering". In Dutton, Tom E.;
138:'Karuka,' as a term, is not treated consistently across all pandanus languages. For example, in ordinary
107:
387:
605:]. illustrations by Christopher Healey. New Zealand: Auckland University Press. pp. 150, 152.
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43:
381:"The 'Pandanus Languages' of the Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea - a further report"
39:
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Franklin, Karl J. (September 1972). "A Ritual
Pandanus Language of New Guinea".
61:
81:
664:
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118:
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48:
399:
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285:, like many of the above, is used to evade malevolent bush spirits.
568:
Growing food in the
Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea
84:
of up to a thousand words and phrases has developed to replace the
85:
18:
392:
Culture change, language change - case studies from
Melanesia
60:
Annually, people camp in the forest to harvest and cook the
480:. Pacific Linguistics Series C. Vol. 110. Memory of
645:. London and New York: Tavistock Publications. pp.
478:
The
Language Game: Papers in Memory of Donald C. Laycock
251:
235:
223:
270:
154:and its pandanus register, the word is the same:
521:Lim, Tong Kwee (2012). "Pandanus julianettii".
643:Talk Never Dies: The Language of Huli Disputes
98:
8:
42:among several of the peoples of the eastern
525:. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 128–130.
379:Franklin, Karl J.; Stefaniw, Roman (1992).
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146:, but in the Kewa pandanus language it is
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523:Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants
16:Special language used in Papua New Guinea
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240:), is also used when eating or cooking
7:
216:The Kalam pandanus language, called
690:The Papuan Languages of New Guinea
339:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1972.tb01197.x
279:as well as hunting or traveling.
14:
263:has an avoidance register called
164:Languages with Pandanus registers
150:. Conversely, in both ordinary
174:have been best documented for:
1:
711:Pandanus avoidance registers
531:10.1007/978-94-007-4053-2_17
271:
252:
236:
224:
103:), the ritual keeper of the
737:
637:Goldman, Laurence (1983).
599:Birds of my Kalam Country
244:, as opposed to speaking
721:Languages of New Guinea
281:
265:
246:
230:
218:
156:
99:
46:, used when collecting
275:) used for collecting
253:ordinary/free language
135:from other languages.
31:
688:William Foley, 1986.
603:Mn̄mon Yad Kalam Yakt
22:
681:Ulrich Ammon, 2006.
639:"Talking about talk"
266:tayenda tu ha illili
71:Pandanus julianettii
44:New Guinea Highlands
28:Pandanus julianettii
593:Majnep, Ian Saem;
400:10.15144/PL-C120.1
237:avoidance language
40:avoidance language
32:
540:978-94-007-4053-2
482:Donald C. Laycock
272:bush divide taboo
225:pandanus language
77:Pandanus brosimos
36:pandanus language
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706:Ritual languages
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466:Pawley, Andrew
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152:Kalam language
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122:by the 1990s.
100:Giluwe yelkepo
91:nature spirits
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578:20 September
576:. Retrieved
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429:. Retrieved
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333:(1): 66–76.
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231:ask-mosk mnm
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47:
35:
33:
27:
388:Dutton, Tom
148:rumala agaa
700:Categories
676:References
491:0858834006
431:25 October
247:monmon mnm
95:Kita-Menda
82:vocabulary
665:993340993
621:251862814
549:822591349
508:222981840
500:0078-7558
426:260177442
418:0078-7558
347:883021898
289:Citations
242:cassowary
219:alŋaw mnm
172:registers
133:loanwords
126:Structure
119:Tok Pisin
597:(1977).
565:(1982).
476:(eds.).
277:Pandanus
169:Pandanus
112:Pandanus
49:Pandanus
647:254–257
390:(ed.).
327:Oceania
282:Tayenda
180:Imbongu
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142:it is
68:(both
66:karuka
52:nuts.
26:nuts (
24:Karuka
716:Taboo
601:[
572:(PDF)
386:. In
384:(PDF)
228:) or
210:Taiap
205:Mendi
200:Melpa
195:Kobon
185:Kalam
157:alŋaw
105:feral
93:like
86:taboo
661:OCLC
651:ISBN
617:OCLC
607:ISBN
580:2018
545:OCLC
535:ISBN
504:OCLC
496:ISSN
486:ISBN
433:2018
422:OCLC
414:ISSN
404:ISBN
343:OCLC
259:The
190:Kewa
108:dogs
74:and
62:nuts
527:doi
396:doi
335:doi
144:aga
131:be
64:of
56:Use
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34:A
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