38:
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Information about Roman pandura-type instruments comes mainly from ancient Roman artwork. Under the Romans the pandura was modified: the long neck was preserved but was made wider to take four strings, and the body was either oval or slightly broader at the base, but without the inward curves of the
372:
There were at least two distinct varieties of pandura. One type was pear-shaped, used in
Assyria and Persia. In this type the body had graceful inward curves which led up gradually from base to neck. These curves changed at the bottom end off the instrument to a more sloping outline, an elongated
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641:
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37:
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is very rare as a word in classical Latin texts, but pandura-type instruments are not very rare in ancient Roman artwork. This raises the question: what then did the ancient Romans call it? Classical Latin
804:
meant a lyre-type instrument at least sometimes, but sometimes it meant any plucked string musical instrument, and it seems very probable that the pandura was called by the name
1109:
793:, a website that is able to boast: "This website contains essentially all Latin literary texts written before A.D. 200, as well as some texts selected from later antiquity."
284:
was a medium or long-necked lute with a small resonating chamber, used by the ancient Greeks. It commonly had three strings: such an instrument was also known as the
373:
triangle with the corners rounded off. The oval type, a favourite instrument of the
Egyptians, was also found in ancient Persia and among the Arabs of North Africa.
1053:
855:
971:
The sarcophagus is in The
British Museum, which says it was uncovered near Rome and was probably made in Rome itself, and date-estimates it 3rd century AD.
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and remained popular also in the near east and eastern Europe, too, usually acquiring a third string in the course of time, since the fourth century BC.
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artwork depicts such lutes from the 3rd or 4th century BC onward. Iranian influences are indicated by the
Persian origin of the word.
70:
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Roman or
Byzantine pandoura from a 6th-century A.D. mosaic in the Great Palace of Constantinople. The instrument has three strings.
901:
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by David Talbot Rice. Henry George Farmer calls the instrument "a three-stringed pandoura" in his 1949 article
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288:(three-stringed) (τρίχορδον, McKinnon 1984:10). Its descendants still survive as the Kartvelian
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Hassan, Scheherezade Qassim; Morris, R. Conway; Baily, John; During, Jean (2001). "Tanbūr". In
679:
1133:
907:
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Memorial stele for a 16-year-old Roman woman, shown playing a pandurium, 2nd century AD, from
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Imagen y memoria: Monumentos funerarios con retratos en la colonia
Augusta Emerita
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Edmondson, Jonathan; Basarrate, Trinidad
Nogales; Trillmich, Walter (2001).
824:
A Latin
Dictionary; Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary
789:
556:
309:
293:
194:
54:
209:
983:
Brett, Gerard (1942). "The Mosaic of the Great Palace in
Constantinople".
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in classical Latin at least sometimes. The classical Latin dictionary of
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Terracotta figure of a woman playing a pandoura, ca. 300 BC, Cyprus
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La joven LUTATIA toca un instrumento de cuerda, tipo "pandarium"...
720:, Escorial version, vv. 826-827, ed. and transl. Elizabeth Jeffreys.
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Website that has a history of
Pandura with some good photos.
1070:
Picture of a pandura, originally published 1947 in the book
409:
is a three-string fretted instrument. The modern Georganian
906:(in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia. p. 144.
875:"Photograph of the museum information sign for the stele"
1052:
McKinnon, J. W. (1984). "Pandoura". In Sadie, S. (ed.).
1010:
Farmer, Henry George (1949). "An Early Greek Pandore".
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played similar instruments from the 3rd millennium BC.
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as English "cithara, cithern, guitar, or lute". See
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1058:. Vol. 3. London: Macmillan Press. p. 10.
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The Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
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69:
736:(4th ed.). Infobase Publishing. p. 298.
515:Detail of a pandura-type instrument from a Roman
1055:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
856:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1036:The instrument is a three-stringed pandoura...
1103:
546:Lute § History and evolution of the lute
385:, a comparable instrument is found in modern
8:
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761:
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477:in Paris. Estimated date 1st-2nd century AD.
315:Renato Meucci (1996) suggests that the some
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818:Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879).
678:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.
646:Museum Of Greek Popular Musical Instruments
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1072:The Great Palace of the Byzantine Emperors
1012:The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
859:. Vol. XXV (2nd ed.). London:
674:The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies
319:descendants of pandura type were called
598:
424:
352:Lute-class instruments were present in
826:. Oxford: Trustees of Tufts University
29:
733:The Facts on File Dictionary of Music
344:was rare in classical Latin writers.
253:, belonged in the broad class of the
7:
703:], Athens: Papagregoriou-Nakas,
465:Short lute-family instrument on a
340:pear-shaped instruments. The word
25:
1604:Ancient Greek musical instruments
469:-style plaster sculpture made in
527:
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498:(Museo Nacional de Arte Romano,
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613:Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece
610:. In Wilson, Nigel Guy (ed.).
1:
956:"Sarcophagus (1805,0703.132)"
932:Museo Nacional de Arte Romano
701:Byzantine musical instruments
360:era, or the third millennium
616:. Psychology Press. p.
381:From the ancient Greek word
304:, the Eastern Mediterranean
812:translates Classical Latin
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928:"Estela de Lutatia Lupata"
648:(in Greek), archived from
606:Lingas, Alexander (2006).
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238:
1119:Greek musical instruments
1024:10.1017/S0035869X0010293X
730:Ammer, Christine (2004).
97:
35:
27:Ancient string instrument
697:Byzantina mousika organa
695:Maliaras, Nikos (2007),
790:"Classical Latin Texts"
770:Encyclopædia Britannica
519:relief, 3rd century AD
393:, where it is known as
1076:An Early Greek Pandore
608:"Instruments, Musical"
101:Angélique (instrument)
413:instrument is in the
644:[Tabouras],
300:, the North African
881:. 25 September 2012
664:Jeffreys, Elizabeth
317:Italian Renaissance
92:Related instruments
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471:Hadda, Afghanistan
368:Eastern variations
83:String instruments
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863:. pp. 61–62.
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710:978-9-60755-444-4
689:978-0-19925-246-6
627:978-0-415-97334-2
453:figurine, 200 BC.
321:chitarra italiana
251:string instrument
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142:Chitarra Italiana
57:, 4th century BC
16:(Redirected from
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78:Necked lutes
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1333:Pontic lyra
1328:Cretan lyra
1268:Water organ
772:, year 1911
642:"Ταμπουράς"
517:sarcophagus
467:Hellenistic
354:Mesopotamia
348:Mesopotamia
1598:Categories
1517:Idiophones
1498:Tambourine
1484:Percussion
1250:Percussion
588:References
544:See also:
391:Ingushetia
356:since the
286:trichordon
51:bas relief
45:playing a
1578:Nisiotika
1524:Koudounia
1503:Toubeleki
1450:Tsampouna
1399:Tambouras
1235:Pan flute
1193:Epigonion
991:: 34–43.
965:8 January
937:8 January
885:8 January
861:Macmillan
830:8 January
820:"cithara"
593:Citations
557:Tambouras
310:tamburica
294:tambouras
263:Akkadians
195:Tambouras
55:Mantineia
1556:See also
1475:Souravli
1460:Karamuza
1455:Floghera
1420:Santouri
1404:Thaboura
1394:Psaltery
1384:Mandolin
1364:Bouzouki
1286:Medieval
1263:Crotalum
1258:Cochilia
1208:Trigonon
1175:Phorminx
1160:Barbiton
1032:25222335
853:(eds.).
582:Mandolin
567:Baglamas
540:See also
495:Hispania
387:Chechnya
383:pandoura
377:Caucasus
358:Akkadian
298:bouzouki
282:pandoura
243:pandoura
239:πανδοῦρα
220:Tiorbino
167:Mandolin
137:Charango
127:Bouzouki
122:Baglamas
106:Archlute
47:pandoura
18:Pandoura
1534:Trigono
1508:Tympano
1470:Mantura
1465:Lalitsa
1379:Mandola
1357:Plucked
1298:Organon
1273:Sistrum
1240:Salpinx
1203:Sambuca
1198:Magadis
1170:Kithara
1142:Pandura
1126:Ancient
814:cithara
806:cithara
801:cithara
795:Pandura
785:pandura
572:Bandura
562:Panduri
552:Phandar
451:Tanagra
421:Gallery
417:class.
411:panduri
406:panduri
401:Georgia
396:phandar
342:pandura
329:mandola
325:mandore
290:panduri
247:pandore
231:pandura
215:Theorbo
190:Tambura
185:Phandar
180:Panduri
176:Pandura
116:Bağlama
31:Pandura
1529:Stamna
1413:Struck
1389:Oudola
1374:Laouto
1369:Guitar
1314:String
1307:Modern
1165:Chelys
1134:String
1030:
1005:750447
1003:
910:
879:Flickr
740:
707:
686:
624:
577:Tanbur
415:tanbur
302:kuitra
259:guitar
210:Tembûr
200:Tanbur
147:Dombra
1539:Zilia
1445:Gaida
1321:Bowed
1230:Aulos
1028:JSTOR
1001:JSTOR
699:[
399:. In
335:Roman
245:) or
157:Dutar
152:Domra
118:(Saz)
53:from
1433:Wind
1222:Wind
1185:Harp
1152:Lyre
967:2018
939:2018
908:ISBN
887:2018
832:2018
738:ISBN
705:ISBN
684:ISBN
622:ISBN
403:the
389:and
296:and
277:The
257:and
255:lute
229:The
162:Lute
61:NAMA
43:Muse
1020:doi
993:doi
787:at
680:928
618:385
327:or
306:saz
172:Oud
1600::
1034:.
1026:.
1014:.
999:.
987:.
969:.
958:.
941:.
930:.
877:.
849:;
822:.
752:^
693:;
682:,
620:.
493:,
364:.
362:BC
331:.
323:,
241:,
237::
1111:e
1104:t
1097:v
1078:.
1022::
1016:1
1007:.
995::
989:5
916:.
889:.
834:.
774:.
746:.
630:.
502:)
233:(
63:)
59:(
20:)
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