1500:
2006:
1933:
760:, pushed hard for the navy to resume design work, and in 1925 three new proposals were drafted. In addition to two sketches prepared in 1923, this totaled five different designs. Of the first two designs, "I/10" was a 32-knot (59 km/h; 37 mph) cruiser armed with eight 20.5 cm (8.1 in) guns while "II/10" was a 22-knot (41 km/h; 25 mph), heavily armored ship armed with four 38 cm (15 in) guns. The three designs prepared in 1925—"II/30", "IV/30", and "V/30"—were armed with six 30 cm (12 in) guns with varying levels of armor protection. The
103:
88:
1812:
47:
1239:. These mountings allowed elevation to 35 degrees and depression to −10 degrees, for a range of 25,700 m (28,100 yd). They were supplied with a total of 800 rounds of ammunition, though later in their careers this was increased to 1,200 rounds. These shells weighed 45.3 kg (100 lb) and had a muzzle velocity of 875 m/s (2,870 ft/s). The ships were also equipped with eight 53.3 cm (21.0 in)
1026:. As designed, the ship's complement comprised 33 officers and 586 enlisted men. After 1935, the crew was dramatically increased, to 30 officers and 921–1,040 sailors. While serving as a squadron flagship, an additional 17 officers and 85 enlisted men augmented the crew. The second flagship had an additional 13 officers and 59 sailors. The ships carried a number of smaller boats, including two picket boats, two barges, one
870:
1191:
1966:. At the outbreak of World War II, she remained in port for a periodic refit. Her first operation during World War II was a commerce raiding operation into the southern Atlantic Ocean that started in late October 1940. While on the operation, she also made a brief foray into the Indian Ocean. During the raiding mission, she sank 113,223
1143:(32,200 km; 20,000 mi) at a speed of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph). An increase in speed by one knot reduced the range slightly to 16,600 nmi (30,700 km; 19,100 mi). At a higher speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), the range fell to 10,000 nmi (19,000 km; 12,000 mi).
1471:. Due to their heavy armament of six 28 cm (11 in) guns, high speed and long cruising range, the class was more capable of high seas operation than the old pre-dreadnought battleships they replaced; for this reason, they were referred to as "pocket battleships", particularly in the British press. In 1938
855:
tonnage. In doing so, this would effectively abrogate the clauses in the Treaty of
Versailles that limited Germany's naval power. Britain and the United States favored making concessions to Germany, but France refused to allow any revisions to the Treaty of Versailles. Since the ships did not violate
1991:. After returning to Germany at the end of 1942, the ship served as a training ship until the end of 1944, when she was used to support ground operations against the Soviet Army. She was sunk by British bombers on 9 April 1945 and partially scrapped; the remainder of the wreck lies buried beneath a
1915:
was used as a gun battery to support German troops fighting the Soviet Army until 4 May 1945, when she was disabled by her crew. Raised by the Soviet Navy in 1947, she was reportedly broken up for scrap over the next two years, according to
Western works that did not have access to Soviet documents
779:
industrial area, which prevented
Germany from quickly building large-caliber artillery. Nevertheless, the design staff prepared another set of designs, "I/35", a heavily armored ship with a single triple turret forward, and "VIII/30", a more lightly-armored ship with a pair of twin turrets. The
1306:
was 80 mm (3.1 in) thick amidships and reduced to 60 mm (2.4 in) on either end of the central citadel. The bow and stern were unarmored at the waterline. This belt was inclined to increase its protective qualities and supplemented by a 20 mm (0.79 in) longitudinal
2043:
was deployed to the South
Atlantic in the weeks before the outbreak of World War II, to be positioned in merchant sea lanes once war was declared. Between September and December 1939, the ship sank nine ships totaling 50,089 GRT; in response, the British and French navies formed several
1414:
had 150 mm (5.9 in) thick sides with a 50 mm (2.0 in) thick roof, while the aft conning tower was less well protected, with 50 mm thick sides and a 20 mm (0.79 in) thick roof. The main battery turrets had 140 mm (5.5 in) thick faces and 85 mm
1646:
was discussed. The hulls would have been lengthened by approximately 20 meters (66 ft), which would have used 2,000 tons of steel and employed 400 workmen. Conversion time was estimated at two years. Their flight deck would have been only 10 meters (33 ft) shorter than that of the
704:; the ships could not be replaced until they were twenty years old. To replace the battleships, new vessels were to displace at most 10,000 long tons (10,000 t); Germany's potential rivals were at this time limited to building vessels of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t) by the
1051:, though this was significantly improved by the installation of a clipper bow in 1940–1941. The ships were highly maneuverable, particularly when the maneuvering setting for the diesel engines was used, in which half of the engines for each shaft were run in reverse. The ships
786:
initially intended to lay down the first armored ship in 1926, but the design had not yet been finalized. The 1926 maneuvers informed the design staff that greater speed was desirable, and that year, a further two designs were submitted to Zenker. The initial design for
1874:
steamed to Norway. While en route, she was torpedoed by a
British bomber, necessitating significant repairs that lasted until May 1942. She returned to Norway to join the forces arrayed against Allied shipping to the Soviet Union. She ran aground during
1220:. The turrets were the Drh LC/28 type and allowed elevation to 40 degrees, and depression to −8 degrees. This provided the guns with a maximum range of 36,475 m (39,890 yd). They fired a 300 kg (660 lb) projectile at a
1155:
stored 2,500 t (2,500 long tons) of fuel, which enabled a range of 8,900 nmi (16,500 km; 10,200 mi). Electricity was supplied by four electric generators powered by two diesel engines. Their total output was 2,160 kW for
454:) in accordance with the Treaty, though they actually displaced 10,600 to 12,340 long tons (10,770 to 12,540 t) at standard displacement. The design for the ships incorporated several radical innovations, including the first major use of
648:
in
December 1942, a failed attempt to destroy a convoy. Both ships were damaged in the course of their deployment to Norway and eventually returned to Germany for repairs. They ended their careers bombarding advancing Soviet forces on the
966:
s draft was 5.80 m (19 ft 0 in) and 7.34 m (24 ft 1 in), respectively. The displacement of the three ships increased over the class. Standard displacement grew from 10,600 long tons (10,800 t) for
738:, was laid down in 1902 and could therefore be replaced legally in 1922. Design studies were considered starting in 1920, with two basic options: the Navy could build a heavily armored, slow, and small warship similar to a
822:
elections in 1928. The question over whether to build the new ships was a major issue in elections, particularly with the Social
Democrats, who strongly opposed the new ships and campaigned with the slogan "Food not
850:
offered to halt construction on the first ship in exchange for admittance to the
Washington Treaty with a ratio of 125,000 long tons (127,000 t) to Britain's allotment of 525,000 long tons (533,000 t) of
1415:(3.3 in) thick sides. Their roofs ranged in thickness from 85 to 105 mm (3.3 to 4.1 in). The 15 cm guns were armored with 10 mm (0.39 in) gun shields for splinter protection.
1956:
saw heavy service with the German Navy, including several deployments to Spain during the
Spanish Civil War, to participate in non-intervention patrols. While off Spain, she bombarded the port of
2029:
conducted extensive training in the Baltic and
Atlantic before participating in five non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War in 1936–1938. She also represented Germany during the
1081:. The adoption of an all-diesel propulsion system was a radical innovation at the time and contributed to significant savings in weight. Each set was controlled by transmissions built by
3276:
1630:. Her keel was laid on 1 October 1932, under construction number 125. The ship was launched on 30 June 1934; at her launching, she was christened by the daughter of Admiral
3492:
3035:
1598:, after whom the ship was named. She was completed slightly over a year and a half later on 12 November 1934, the day she was commissioned into the German fleet.
1091:
was initially fitted with 3.70 m (12 ft 2 in) diameter screws, before they were replaced with the larger screws. The engines were rated at 54,000
799:
A", was prepared in 1926 and finalized by 1928. Zenker announced on 11 June 1927 that the Navy had settled on one of several proposals for the new warships. The
775:
held a conference to evaluate the designs in May 1925, though the results were inconclusive. Of particular importance was the continued French occupation of the
547:. For the rest of their peacetime careers, the ships conducted a series of fleet maneuvers in the Atlantic and visited numerous foreign ports in goodwill tours.
1634:, after whom the ship was named. She was completed slightly over a year and a half later on 6 January 1936, the day she was commissioned into the German fleet.
1224:
of 910 meters per second (3,000 ft/s). The guns were initially supplied with a total 630 rounds of ammunition, and this was later increased to 720 shells.
1499:
1447:
had a much more improved 100 mm belt, instead of 50–80 mm. The armored deck was improved as well, and some places had up to 70 mm thickness.
3579:
1594:, under construction number 123. The ship was launched on 1 April 1933; at her launching, she was christened by Marianne Besserer, the daughter of Admiral
709:
582:
was not particularly successful on her raiding sortie, during which she sank or captured three ships. She then returned to Germany, where she was renamed
1851:
merchant traffic. Bad weather hampered her efforts, and she sank or captured only three vessels before returning to Germany, after which she was renamed
2005:
1085:. The engines were paired on two propeller shafts, which were attached to three-bladed screws that were 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) in diameter.
1973:
Following her return to Germany, she was deployed to northern Norway to interdict shipping to the Soviet Union. She was part of the abortive attack on
1840:
506:
3389:
1932:
3269:
1642:
After Hitler had given the order in late January 1943 for the two remaining ships to be scrapped, the possibility of instead converting them into
1149:
carried 2,410 t (2,370 long tons) and had a correspondingly shorter range of 9,100 nmi (16,900 km; 10,500 mi) at 20 kn.
829:." In May 1928, the elections were concluded and enough of a majority in favor of the new ships was elected; this included twelve seats won by
1014:, which saved 15 percent of their total hull weight. These savings allowed the armament and armor to be increased. The hulls contained twelve
3245:
3223:
3204:
3183:
3161:
3142:
3116:
3097:
3075:
3056:
3001:
2982:
2959:
2937:
2918:
747:
1537:. Work began under construction number 219. The ship was launched on 19 May 1931; at her launching, she was christened by German Chancellor
3842:
3604:
1125:
s engines reached 52,050 PS (51,340 shp; 38,280 kW) and 28.3 knots (52.4 km/h; 32.6 mph). Horsepower figures for
1897:. Engine problems forced a series of repairs culminating in a complete overhaul at the end of 1943, after which the ship remained in the
4073:
3485:
3754:
3262:
2149:
2068:
on 13 December 1939. She inflicted heavy damage on the British ships, but suffered damage as well, and was forced to put into port at
462:. Due to their heavy armament of six 28 cm (11 in) guns and lighter weight, the British began referring to the vessels as "
3501:
3356:
1107:(48 km/h; 30 mph). They did not meet the expected shaft-horsepower on trials, though they did exceed their design speeds.
856:
the terms of the Treaty, the Allies could not prevent Germany from building them after a negotiated settlement proved unattainable.
1541:. The ship accidentally started sliding down the slipway while Brüning was giving his christening speech. After the completion of
3611:
3313:
2019:
1876:
1773:
1003:. The ships were officially stated to be within the 10,000 long tons (10,000 t) limit of the Treaty of Versailles, however.
441:
3572:
1748:
1585:
1291:
500:
2044:
hunter-killer groups to track her down. These forces included four aircraft carriers, two battleships, and one battlecruiser.
3478:
3456:
3448:
3417:
1374:
had 17 mm (0.67 in) main decks and armored decks that ranged in thickness from 17–45 mm. The armored deck in
1865:, she was recalled to Germany for repairs. While en route, she was torpedoed by a British submarine and seriously damaged.
766:
eventually opted for 28 cm (11 in) guns to avoid provoking the Allies and to ease pressures on the design staff.
3989:
3306:
2072:. Convinced by false reports of superior British naval forces approaching his ship and the poor state of his own engines,
1946:
1888:
1734:
1660:, which had been prepared for conversion in 1942, and they would still have attained 28 knots. This plan was not pursued.
435:
1916:
at the time. The historian Hans Georg Prager examined the former Soviet archives in the early 2000s, and discovered that
844:
When the particulars of the design became known by the Allies, they attempted to prevent Germany from building them. The
3715:
3688:
3662:
3648:
3530:
3382:
3339:
1648:
1275:
650:
520:
131:
31:
598:. Although she damaged the British ships, she was herself damaged and her engines were in poor condition. Coupled with
3963:
3616:
3546:
1844:
1362:
had a 18 mm (0.71 in) thick upper deck and a main armored deck that ranged in thickness from 18–40 mm.
841:
to initiate a referendum against the construction failed. The first of the new ships was authorized in November 1928.
817:
3814:
3630:
3588:
3565:
3299:
3233:
1823:
1697:
838:
429:
3655:
3520:
3425:
3335:
2065:
1978:
1884:
1862:
1795:
1116:
s engines reached 48,390 PS (47,730 shp; 35,590 kW) and 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph), and
879:
as she appeared in 1942. It indicates that the armoured belt is 4 inches thick, instead of its actual 3.1 inches.
645:
595:
140:
3109:
Panzerschiff Deutschland, Schwerer Kreuzer Lützow : ein Schiffs-Schicksal vor den Hintergründen seiner Zeit
4068:
1251:
1247:
320:
3367:
1031:
708:
and subsequent agreements. The gun caliber of any new ship was not regulated by the Treaty itself, though the
3623:
3375:
1858:
1655:
1213:
890:
705:
306:
1967:
1848:
1015:
913:
bows installed in 1940–1941; their overall length was increased to 187.90 m (616 ft 6 in).
567:
3796:
3761:
3740:
3667:
3443:
2053:
985:. The ships' full load displacements were significantly higher, at 14,290 long tons (14,520 t) for
713:
202:
1139:
could carry up to 2,750 t (2,710 long tons) of fuel oil, which provided a maximum range of 17,400
1006:
The ships' hulls were constructed with transverse steel frames; over 90 percent of the hulls used
3953:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3827:
3822:
3806:
3801:
3791:
3747:
3409:
2156:
2099:
1984:
1570:, was averted only after the Social Democrats abstained from voting. As a result of the opposition, "
717:
690:
631:
425:
1811:
3994:
3958:
3943:
3890:
3832:
3773:
3430:
2093:
1780:
1631:
1538:
957:
of 5.78 m (19 ft 0 in) and a full-load draft of 7.25 m (23 ft 9 in).
733:
712:(NIACC) created by the Treaty did have authority to regulate the armament of all new warships. The
594:
sank nine vessels in the South Atlantic before she was confronted by three British cruisers at the
3948:
3938:
3923:
3029:
3011:
1228:
1131:
are not recorded, though her top speed on trials was 29.5 knots (54.6 km/h; 33.9 mph).
599:
4009:
2080:. Langsdorff committed suicide three days after the scuttling. The ship was partially broken up
1970: (GRT) of shipping, making her the most successful capital ship surface raider of the war.
805:
had decided that the new ships would be armed with two triple turrets mounting 28 cm guns.
889:-class ships varied slightly in dimensions. All three ships were 181.70 meters (596.1 ft)
3999:
3928:
3918:
3241:
3219:
3200:
3179:
3157:
3138:
3112:
3093:
3071:
3052:
3017:
2997:
2978:
2955:
2933:
2914:
2897:
2030:
1092:
1052:
739:
540:
510:
380:
246:
46:
1386:
did not extend over the entire width of the ship due to weight; this matter was rectified in
3933:
3913:
3596:
3557:
3171:
2155:
with 19 cm (7.5 in) guns, instead of the 15 cm (5.9 in) guns mounted on
1643:
1625:
1335:
1047:
considered the ships to be good sea boats, with a slight roll. As built, they were wet in a
1847:. At the outbreak of World War II, she was cruising the North Atlantic, prepared to attack
624:
were deployed to Norway in 1942 to join the attacks on Allied convoys to the Soviet Union.
3768:
3722:
3677:
3525:
3043:
Meier-Welcker, Hans; Forstmeier, Friedrich; Papke, Gerhard & Petter, Wolfgang (1983).
2073:
1906:
1741:
1595:
1488:
1467:" (armored ships), but in February 1940 it reclassified the two survivors of the class as
1267:
1221:
920:
694:
603:
2947:
2133:
as built; characteristics varied between the ships and over the course of their careers.
505:
in Wilhelmshaven, seeing much service with the German Navy. All three vessels served on
280:
10,000 nmi (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
3131:
3126:
2034:
1883:, which necessitated another return to Germany for repairs. She next saw action at the
1709:
1577:
1518:
1271:
1217:
1073:-class ships were equipped with two sets of four 9-cylinder, double-acting, two-stroke
894:
544:
494:
487:
1487:) and popularly referred to as 'Pocket Battleships'. Actually, they are equivalent to
4062:
4004:
3732:
3700:
3398:
1754:
1591:
1468:
1411:
1232:
1140:
1074:
1056:
1027:
1019:
701:
459:
313:
190:
3470:
4019:
4014:
3640:
1974:
1240:
954:
852:
830:
684:
551:
481:
419:
368:
327:
108:
93:
3090:
The Battle of the River Plate: The Hunt for the German Pocket Battleship Graf Spee
1190:
3194:
1055:
over up to 13 degrees with the rudder hard over. The low stern was wet in a
638:
to attack Soviet merchant shipping, though it ended without significant success.
3085:
1902:
1558:
Serious political opposition to the ships continued after the authorization for
1542:
1104:
751:
678:
354:
3680:
3193:
Sieche, Erwin (1992). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (eds.).
3048:
2069:
1957:
1898:
1429:
had some improvements in armor thickness. The barbettes, 100 mm thick in
1303:
1096:
869:
834:
697:
653:; both ships were destroyed by British bombers in the final weeks of the war.
607:
530:
348:
342:
3254:
3904:
3783:
3021:
2901:
2077:
1546:
1236:
1082:
746:. Actual design work on the new type of armored ship began in 1923, but the
208:
17:
3176:
Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
1983:; the operation was broken off after surprise was lost. She also conducted
2084:, though part of the ship remains visible above the surface of the water.
1250:
anti-aircraft guns in single mounts. These were replaced in 1935 with six
602:
false British reports of reinforcements, the state of the ship convinced
2974:
1988:
1100:
1048:
635:
447:
2954:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2458:
German Capital Ships of World War Two, Arm and armour press, London 1989
2081:
2064:
was eventually confronted by three British cruisers off Uruguay at the
1576:
B" was not authorized until 1931. A replacement for the old battleship
1007:
910:
743:
666:
455:
413:
1334:
s underwater protection consisted of a 45 mm (1.8 in) thick
3984:
3979:
3900:
2969:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
1894:
1179:
1078:
1035:
720:
similar to those operated by the Scandinavian navies could be built.
1618:
shipyard in Wilhelmshaven. She was ordered under the contract name "
1606:, the third and final member of the class, was also ordered by the
2004:
1931:
1880:
1810:
1498:
1189:
1011:
868:
451:
1992:
1715:
1522:
1175:
1023:
776:
566:
were deployed to the Atlantic to put them in position to attack
3561:
3474:
3371:
3258:
3068:
Technology and Naval Combat in the Twentieth Century and Beyond
1294:
guns, eight 3.7 cm guns, and thirty-three 2 cm guns.
1246:
As built, the ships' anti-aircraft battery consisted of three
2913:. Translated by Alfred Kurti. London: McDonald & Jane's.
2504:
1216:
guns mounted in two triple turrets, one on either end of the
814:
therefore decided to delay ordering the ship until after the
1059:, and equipment stored there was frequently lost overboard.
742:, or a large, fast, and lightly armored vessel similar to a
1549:
began in November 1932. The ship was commissioned into the
808:
Political opposition to the new ships was significant. The
1243:
placed in two quadruple launchers mounted on their stern.
424:
officially in accordance with restrictions imposed by the
2386:
2384:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2212:
2210:
2197:
2195:
2193:
669:, with the remainder of the hulk buried beneath rubble.
659:
was raised and sunk as a target by the Soviet Navy, and
493:
The three ships were built between 1929 and 1936 by the
2554:
2552:
1022:
that extended for 92 percent of the length of the
2892:
Bidlingmaier, Gerhard (1971). "KM Admiral Graf Spee".
2416:
2414:
2401:
2399:
2076:, the commander of the ship, ordered the vessel to be
1922:
actually had been sunk in weapons tests in July 1947.
1356:
s bulkheads were reduced to 40 mm (1.6 in).
1266:
were rearmed in 1938 and 1940, respectively, with six
932:
s beam was 21.34 m (70 ft 0 in), while
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
3972:
3899:
3841:
3782:
3731:
3699:
3676:
3639:
3595:
3199:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 218–254.
2571:
2569:
2567:
2527:
2525:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
1893:, which ended with a failure to destroy the convoy
1212:-class ships were armed with a main battery of six
893:, and as built, 186 m (610 ft 3 in)
3130:
1868:Repairs were completed by March 1941, and in June
1404:stopped at the inside of the double-bottom but in
3196:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
2896:. Windsor: Profile Publications. pp. 73–96.
1481:-class "re officially rated as 'Armoured Ships' (
1307:splinter bulkhead. The upper edge of the belt on
2543:
1235:guns, each in single MPLC/28 mountings arranged
2161:; the NIACC prohibited the larger caliber. See
1564:, and a political crisis over the second ship,
1410:extended to the outer hull. The ships' forward
1960:following the Republican attack on her sister
3573:
3486:
3383:
3270:
1525:on 5 February 1929, under the contract name "
750:forced a temporary halt to the work. Admiral
606:, her commander, to scuttle the ship outside
8:
2143:
2128:
2059:
2047:
2038:
2024:
2009:
1961:
1951:
1936:
1917:
1910:
1869:
1852:
1834:
1828:
1746:
1707:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1583:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1550:
1532:
1531:A", as a replacement for the old battleship
1526:
1512:
1503:
1482:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1285:
1279:
1261:
1255:
1207:
1194:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1086:
1068:
1042:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
958:
948:
942:
933:
924:
914:
904:
898:
884:
874:
845:
824:
815:
809:
800:
794:
788:
781:
770:
761:
755:
724:
682:
660:
654:
639:
625:
619:
613:
589:
583:
577:
571:
561:
555:
534:
524:
514:
498:
479:
473:
467:
417:
406:
397:
70:
51:
2911:Battleships and Battlecruisers of the World
1582:, her keel was laid on 25 June 1931 at the
997:, and 16,020 long tons (16,280 t) for
941:s was 21.65 m (71 ft 0 in).
681:, the size of the German Navy, renamed the
576:remained in port for periodic maintenance.
3580:
3566:
3558:
3493:
3479:
3471:
3390:
3376:
3368:
3277:
3263:
3255:
3034:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1667:
1435:, became 125 mm for the two sisters.
716:assumed that with these limitations, only
472:-class ships were initially classified as
3589:German naval ship classes of World War II
3399:Large cruiser or "cruiser killer" designs
2052:operated in concert with the supply ship
1861:, the invasion of Norway. Damaged at the
1319:was at the level of the armored deck. On
979:and 12,340 long tons (12,540 t) for
923:of 20.69 m (67 ft 11 in),
412:(armored ships), a form of heavily armed
2828:
2480:
2390:
2276:
2216:
2201:
1768:Sunk following air attack, 9 April 1945
973:to 11,550 long tons (11,740 t) for
710:Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control
693:. The Navy was permitted a force of six
570:merchant traffic once war was declared.
3178:. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press.
2228:
2177:
2162:
2120:
991:, 13,660 long tons (13,880 t) for
3027:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2816:
2804:
2780:
2768:
2744:
2732:
2696:
2672:
2660:
2636:
2624:
2587:
2558:
2516:
2492:
2339:
2184:
1392:. Likewise, the torpedo bulkheads for
1178:. Steering was controlled by a single
357:: 45 mm (1.8 in)
351:: 80 mm (3.1 in)
41:
1278:guns—the number of 2 cm guns on
446:, were all stated to displace 10,000
27:1929 cruiser class of the German Navy
7:
3218:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
3045:Deutsche Militärgeschichte 1648–1939
2420:
2405:
1491:of an exceptionally powerful type."
1441:had the belt somewhat improved, and
272:28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
229:20.69 m (67 ft 11 in)
3238:German Pocket Battleships 1939–1945
2708:
2648:
2259:
1461:initially classified the ships as "
1325:, it was extended one deck higher.
2994:Die Deutschen Seeflieger 1935–1945
2840:
2792:
2756:
2720:
2684:
2599:
2575:
2531:
2468:
2444:
2432:
2375:
2351:
2327:
2247:
1290:had been rearmed by 1945 with six
634:in August 1942, a sortie into the
237:7.25 m (23 ft 9 in)
221:186 m (610 ft 3 in)
211:: 14,290 long tons (14,520 t)
205:: 10,600 long tons (10,800 t)
25:
3502:Heavy cruisers of the German Navy
3357:List of heavy cruisers of Germany
3156:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
3066:O'Brien, Phillips Payson (2001).
2932:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
2505:Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz
1729:Sunk in weapons tests, July 1947
837:. An October 1928 attempt by the
249:(53,260 shp; 39,720 kW)
2363:
2020:German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee
1833:saw significant action with the
1284:was eventually increased to 28.
754:, the commander in chief of the
326:8 × 53.3 cm (21.0 in)
101:
86:
45:
3111:(in German). Hamburg: Koehler.
2096:- Japanese proposed counterpart
2996:(in German). Munich: Lehmann.
1845:attacked by Republican bombers
677:Following Germany's defeat in
1:
3240:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
2930:Naval Weapons of World War II
1947:German cruiser Admiral Scheer
1624:C" to replace the battleship
1010:instead of the then standard
2992:Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1976).
3547:List of cruisers of Germany
3216:Battleships of World War II
3107:Prager, Hans Georg (2002).
2971:Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe
1857:. She then participated in
539:represented Germany at the
345:: 140 mm (5.5 in)
4090:
4074:Deutschland-class cruisers
3154:The World's Worst Warships
2952:German Warships: 1815–1945
2909:Breyer, Siegfried (1973).
2017:
1944:
1824:German cruiser Deutschland
1821:
839:Communist Party of Germany
428:. The ships of the class,
29:
4028:
3542:
3508:
3426:Design 1047 battlecruiser
3405:
3352:
3324:
3295:
3137:. Phoebus Publishing Co.
3092:. Ithaca: McBooks Press.
2066:Battle of the River Plate
1885:Battle of the Barents Sea
1772:
1745:
1733:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
646:Battle of the Barents Sea
596:Battle of the River Plate
321:8.8 cm (3.5 in)
181:
61:
44:
3152:Preston, Antony (2002).
1841:non-intervention patrols
1168:, and 3,360 kW for
1103:) and a top speed of 26
665:was partially broken up
314:15 cm (5.9 in)
259:Eight MAN diesel engines
30:Not to be confused with
3214:Whitley, M. J. (1998).
2928:Campbell, John (1985).
1887:with the heavy cruiser
1843:, during which she was
1292:4 cm (1.6 in)
1274:guns and initially ten
1018:and were fitted with a
1016:watertight compartments
873:Recognition drawing of
865:General characteristics
706:Washington Naval Treaty
550:Before the outbreak of
307:28 cm (11 in)
182:General characteristics
3070:. London: Frank Cass.
2144:
2129:
2060:
2048:
2039:
2025:
2015:
2010:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1918:
1911:
1870:
1863:Battle of Drøbak Sound
1853:
1835:
1829:
1819:
1747:
1708:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1584:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1533:
1527:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1483:
1477:
1463:
1457:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1286:
1280:
1262:
1256:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1135:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1087:
1069:
1043:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
959:
949:
943:
934:
925:
915:
905:
899:
885:
880:
875:
846:
825:
816:
810:
801:
795:
789:
782:
771:
762:
756:
725:
683:
661:
655:
640:
626:
620:
614:
590:
584:
578:
572:
562:
556:
535:
529:bombarded the port of
525:
515:
499:
480:
474:
468:
418:
407:
404:was a series of three
398:
71:
52:
3444:O-class battlecruiser
3133:Battleships 1856-1977
3013:Jane's Fighting Ships
2008:
1935:
1814:
1517:was laid down at the
1502:
1473:Jane's Fighting Ships
1254:guns in twin mounts.
1193:
891:long at the waterline
872:
732:s oldest battleship,
718:coastal defense ships
689:, was limited by the
486:reclassified them as
458:in a warship and all-
4035:Single ship of class
3990:M-class minesweepers
3964:Uncompleted projects
3460:-class battlecruiser
3452:-class battlecruiser
3421:-class battlecruiser
3301:Deutschland / Lützow
2544:Meier-Welcker et al.
2447:, pp. 288, 291.
2435:, pp. 289, 291.
2148:wanted to equip the
1987:, a sortie into the
1985:Operation Wunderland
1977:with the battleship
1859:Operation Weserübung
1839:, including several
1162:, 2,800 kW for
691:Treaty of Versailles
632:Operation Wunderland
426:Treaty of Versailles
56:at Gibraltar in 1936
3995:F-class escort ship
3431:Design B-65 cruiser
2723:, pp. 317–320.
2165:, pp. 112–113.
2094:Design B-65 cruiser
1968:gross register tons
1798:, 17 December 1939
1794:Scuttled following
1781:Maximilian von Spee
1670:
1638:Possible conversion
1632:Maximilian von Spee
1252:8.8 cm SK C/31
1248:8.8 cm SK L/45
523:, and in response,
513:. While on patrol,
509:patrols during the
376:Aviation facilities
4000:Auxiliary cruisers
3234:Williamson, Gordon
2615:, 15 February 1940
2016:
1943:
1820:
1669:Construction data
1668:
1510:
1204:
1174:, all at 220
881:
521:Republican bombers
490:in February 1940.
464:pocket battleships
4054:
4053:
3597:Aircraft carriers
3555:
3554:
3468:
3467:
3365:
3364:
3315:Admiral Graf Spee
3247:978-1-84176-501-3
3225:978-1-55750-184-4
3206:978-0-85177-146-5
3185:978-1-59114-119-8
3163:978-0-85177-754-2
3144:978-0-89009-126-5
3118:978-3-7822-0798-0
3099:978-1-59013-096-4
3077:978-0-7146-5125-5
3058:978-3-88199-112-4
3003:978-3-469-00306-5
2984:978-3-8364-9743-5
2977:: Mundus Verlag.
2961:978-0-87021-790-6
2939:978-0-87021-459-2
2920:978-0-356-04191-9
2894:Warship Profile 4
2879:, pp. 42–43.
2867:, pp. 41–42.
2807:, pp. 36–37.
2783:, pp. 34–35.
2747:, pp. 33–34.
2675:, pp. 18–20.
2663:, pp. 17–18.
2639:, pp. 15–16.
2471:, pp. 60–62.
2142:For example, the
2061:Admiral Graf Spee
2049:Admiral Graf Spee
2040:Admiral Graf Spee
2031:Coronation Review
2026:Admiral Graf Spee
2011:Admiral Graf Spee
2000:Admiral Graf Spee
1905:in April 1945 by
1802:
1801:
1775:Admiral Graf Spee
1765:12 November 1934
1749:Reichsmarinewerft
1644:aircraft carriers
1615:Reichsmarinewerft
1603:Admiral Graf Spee
1586:Reichsmarinewerft
1555:on 1 April 1933.
1489:armoured cruisers
1444:Admiral Graf Spee
1426:Admiral Graf Spee
1407:Admiral Graf Spee
1389:Admiral Graf Spee
1371:Admiral Graf Spee
1350:Admiral Graf Spee
1322:Admiral Graf Spee
1268:10.5 cm L/65
1257:Admiral Graf Spee
1229:secondary battery
1202:s rear gun turret
1171:Admiral Graf Spee
1152:Admiral Graf Spee
1128:Admiral Graf Spee
1093:metric horsepower
1000:Admiral Graf Spee
982:Admiral Graf Spee
960:Admiral Graf Spee
935:Admiral Graf Spee
748:economic collapse
644:took part in the
591:Admiral Graf Spee
563:Admiral Graf Spee
541:Coronation Review
536:Admiral Graf Spee
511:Spanish Civil War
501:Reichsmarinewerft
460:diesel propulsion
443:Admiral Graf Spee
393:
392:
316:in single turrets
309:in triple turrets
126:Succeeded by
35:-class battleship
16:(Redirected from
4081:
3815:Type 1936A(Mob)/
3582:
3575:
3568:
3559:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3472:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3251:
3229:
3210:
3189:
3167:
3148:
3136:
3122:
3103:
3081:
3062:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3016:. London. 1939.
3007:
2988:
2965:
2943:
2924:
2905:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2409:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2280:
2274:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2205:
2199:
2188:
2182:
2166:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2127:Figures are for
2125:
2105:- US counterpart
2063:
2051:
2042:
2028:
2013:
1965:
1955:
1940:
1921:
1914:
1877:a planned attack
1873:
1856:
1838:
1832:
1752:
1720:5 February 1929
1713:
1671:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1589:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1554:
1539:Heinrich Brüning
1536:
1530:
1516:
1508:at her launching
1507:
1486:
1480:
1466:
1460:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1336:torpedo bulkhead
1333:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1302:The ships' main
1289:
1283:
1265:
1259:
1231:comprised eight
1211:
1201:
1198:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1099:; 39,716.9
1090:
1072:
1046:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
965:
962:
952:
946:
940:
937:
931:
928:
918:
908:
902:
888:
878:
849:
828:
821:
813:
804:
798:
792:
785:
774:
765:
759:
731:
728:
688:
664:
658:
643:
629:
623:
617:
593:
587:
581:
575:
565:
559:
538:
528:
519:was attacked by
518:
507:non-intervention
504:
497:in Kiel and the
485:
477:
471:
423:
410:
401:
364:Aircraft carried
323:in single mounts
107:
105:
104:
92:
90:
89:
74:
55:
49:
42:
21:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4069:Cruiser classes
4059:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4024:
4010:Marinefährprahm
3968:
3895:
3837:
3778:
3727:
3695:
3678:Pre-dreadnought
3672:
3635:
3591:
3586:
3556:
3551:
3538:
3504:
3499:
3469:
3464:
3401:
3396:
3366:
3361:
3348:
3320:
3291:
3289:-class cruisers
3283:
3248:
3232:
3226:
3213:
3207:
3192:
3186:
3170:
3164:
3151:
3145:
3127:Preston, Antony
3125:
3119:
3106:
3100:
3084:
3078:
3065:
3059:
3042:
3026:
3010:
3004:
2991:
2985:
2973:. Vol. 5.
2968:
2962:
2946:
2940:
2927:
2921:
2908:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2565:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2283:
2275:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2153:-class cruisers
2141:
2137:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2090:
2074:Hans Langsdorff
2022:
2003:
1949:
1930:
1909:(RAF) bombers,
1907:Royal Air Force
1826:
1809:
1791:6 January 1936
1785:1 October 1932
1742:Reinhard Scheer
1666:
1640:
1596:Reinhard Scheer
1497:
1453:
1353:
1344:
1331:
1300:
1222:muzzle velocity
1199:
1188:
1122:
1113:
1095:(53,261.3
1065:
963:
953:had a standard
938:
929:
867:
862:
729:
695:pre-dreadnought
675:
604:Hans Langsdorff
416:, built by the
242:Installed power
141:D-class cruiser
102:
100:
87:
85:
57:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4087:
4085:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4061:
4060:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3737:
3735:
3733:Light cruisers
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3717:Admiral Hipper
3713:
3705:
3703:
3701:Heavy cruisers
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3683:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:Admiral Hipper
3528:
3523:
3518:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3439:-class cruiser
3433:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3413:-class cruiser
3406:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:Admiral Hipper
3332:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3308:Admiral Scheer
3304:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3230:
3224:
3211:
3205:
3190:
3184:
3172:Rohwer, Jürgen
3168:
3162:
3149:
3143:
3123:
3117:
3104:
3098:
3082:
3076:
3063:
3057:
3040:
3008:
3002:
2989:
2983:
2966:
2960:
2944:
2938:
2925:
2919:
2906:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2795:, p. 228.
2785:
2773:
2771:, p. 101.
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2687:, p. 409.
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2604:
2602:, p. 291.
2592:
2580:
2563:
2548:
2546:, p. 435.
2536:
2521:
2509:
2507:, p. 255.
2497:
2495:, p. 228.
2485:
2473:
2461:
2456:Whitley, M.J.
2449:
2437:
2425:
2423:, p. 241.
2410:
2408:, p. 232.
2395:
2380:
2378:, p. 288.
2368:
2356:
2354:, p. 219.
2344:
2332:
2281:
2279:, p. 118.
2264:
2252:
2250:, p. 227.
2233:
2231:, p. 112.
2221:
2219:, p. 117.
2206:
2189:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2135:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:-class cruiser
2097:
2089:
2086:
2035:King George VI
2018:Main article:
2002:
1997:
1953:Admiral Scheer
1945:Main article:
1938:Admiral Scheer
1929:
1927:Admiral Scheer
1924:
1901:. Sunk in the
1890:Admiral Hipper
1822:Main article:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:surface action
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1744:
1739:
1736:Admiral Scheer
1731:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1710:Deutsche Werke
1705:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1665:
1664:Ships in class
1662:
1654:heavy cruiser
1650:Admiral Hipper
1639:
1636:
1567:Admiral Scheer
1545:work, initial
1519:Deutsche Werke
1496:
1493:
1469:heavy cruisers
1452:
1451:Classification
1449:
1438:Admiral Scheer
1420:Admiral Scheer
1401:Admiral Scheer
1383:Admiral Scheer
1365:Admiral Scheer
1341:Admiral Scheer
1316:Admiral Scheer
1299:
1296:
1287:Admiral Scheer
1272:3.7 cm SK C/30
1218:superstructure
1187:
1184:
1165:Admiral Scheer
1146:Admiral Scheer
1141:nautical miles
1119:Admiral Scheer
1075:diesel engines
1064:
1061:
994:Admiral Scheer
976:Admiral Scheer
950:Admiral Scheer
926:Admiral Scheer
906:Admiral Scheer
866:
863:
861:
858:
793:, ordered as "
702:light cruisers
674:
671:
662:Admiral Scheer
627:Admiral Scheer
621:Admiral Scheer
573:Admiral Scheer
545:King George VI
543:for Britain's
526:Admiral Scheer
495:Deutsche Werke
488:heavy cruisers
437:Admiral Scheer
391:
390:
388:
384:
383:
377:
373:
372:
365:
361:
360:
359:
358:
352:
346:
337:
333:
332:
331:
330:
324:
317:
310:
301:
297:
296:
295:
294:
291:
286:
282:
281:
278:
274:
273:
270:
266:
265:
264:
263:
262:Two propellers
260:
255:
251:
250:
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
213:
212:
206:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
145:
144:
138:
133:Admiral Hipper
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
113:
112:
97:
80:
76:
75:
68:
64:
63:
62:Class overview
59:
58:
53:Admiral Scheer
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4086:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4057:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:Vorpostenboot
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3843:Torpedo boats
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3641:Capital ships
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3606:Graf Zeppelin
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3334:Followed by:
3333:
3331:
3328:Preceded by:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3249:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:Gröner, Erich
2945:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2855:, p. 41.
2854:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2831:, p. 94.
2830:
2825:
2822:
2819:, p. 40.
2818:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2759:, p. 65.
2758:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2735:, p. 33.
2734:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2711:, p. 69.
2710:
2705:
2702:
2699:, p. 21.
2698:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2651:, p. 68.
2650:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2627:, p. 14.
2626:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2590:, p. 39.
2589:
2584:
2581:
2578:, p. 62.
2577:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2561:, p. 24.
2560:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2534:, p. 61.
2533:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2519:, p. 10.
2518:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2393:, p. 75.
2392:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2330:, p. 60.
2329:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2262:, p. 63.
2261:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2204:, p. 73.
2203:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:in May 1937.
2036:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1788:30 June 1934
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1762:1 April 1933
1761:
1759:25 June 1931
1758:
1756:
1755:Wilhelmshaven
1751:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1726:1 April 1933
1725:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1689:Commissioned
1672:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1592:Wilhelmshaven
1588:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1484:Panzerschiffe
1479:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1464:Panzerschiffe
1459:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1412:conning tower
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1241:torpedo tubes
1238:
1234:
1233:15 cm SK C/28
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:28 cm SK C/28
1210:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:double bottom
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
961:
956:
951:
945:
936:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
901:
896:
892:
887:
877:
871:
864:
859:
857:
854:
848:
842:
840:
836:
832:
827:
826:Panzerkreuzer
820:
819:
812:
806:
803:
797:
791:
784:
778:
773:
767:
764:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:
727:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:
692:
687:
686:
680:
672:
670:
668:
663:
657:
652:
651:Eastern Front
647:
642:
637:
633:
628:
622:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
586:
580:
574:
569:
564:
558:
553:
548:
546:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
508:
503:
502:
496:
491:
489:
484:
483:
476:
475:Panzerschiffe
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:(10,160
449:
445:
444:
439:
438:
433:
432:
427:
422:
421:
415:
411:
409:
408:Panzerschiffe
403:
400:
389:
386:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
370:
366:
363:
362:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
340:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:torpedo tubes
325:
322:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
303:
302:
299:
298:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
283:
279:
276:
275:
271:
268:
267:
261:
258:
257:
256:
253:
252:
248:
244:
241:
240:
236:
233:
232:
228:
225:
224:
220:
217:
216:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:Heavy cruiser
189:
186:
185:
180:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
160:
157:
156:
152:
149:
148:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
111:
110:
98:
96:
95:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:
60:
54:
48:
43:
40:
36:
34:
19:
4056:
4020:Sperrbrecher
4015:Siebel ferry
3816:
3808:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3689:
3656:
3649:
3624:
3617:
3605:
3531:
3513:
3512:
3457:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3418:
3410:
3340:
3338:(planned) /
3329:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3286:
3285:
3237:
3215:
3195:
3175:
3153:
3132:
3108:
3089:
3086:Pope, Dudley
3067:
3044:
3012:
2993:
2970:
2951:
2929:
2910:
2893:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2843:, p. 6.
2836:
2829:Bidlingmaier
2824:
2812:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2595:
2583:
2539:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2481:Preston 1977
2476:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2391:Bidlingmaier
2371:
2366:, p. 3.
2359:
2347:
2342:, p. 4.
2335:
2277:Preston 2002
2255:
2224:
2217:Preston 2002
2202:Bidlingmaier
2187:, p. 3.
2180:
2157:
2150:
2145:Reichsmarine
2138:
2123:
2100:
2054:
2046:
2023:
1999:
1979:
1975:Convoy PQ 17
1972:
1950:
1926:
1889:
1867:
1836:Kriegsmarine
1827:
1815:
1805:
1774:
1735:
1723:19 May 1931
1698:
1656:
1649:
1641:
1627:Braunschweig
1626:
1621:Panzerschiff
1609:Reichsmarine
1600:
1590:shipyard in
1578:
1573:Panzerschiff
1557:
1552:Reichsmarine
1528:Panzerschiff
1521:shipyard in
1511:
1495:Construction
1472:
1458:Kriegsmarine
1454:
1417:
1304:armored belt
1301:
1245:
1226:
1205:
1133:
1066:
1044:Kriegsmarine
1040:
1005:
895:long overall
882:
853:capital ship
847:Reichsmarine
843:
831:Adolf Hitler
811:Reichsmarine
807:
802:Reichsmarine
796:Panzerschiff
783:Reichsmarine
772:Reichsmarine
768:
763:Reichsmarine
757:Reichsmarine
734:
726:Reichsmarine
722:
685:Reichsmarine
676:
612:
552:World War II
549:
492:
482:Kriegsmarine
463:
442:
436:
430:
420:Reichsmarine
405:
396:
394:
369:Arado Ar 196
293:586 enlisted
245:54,000
197:Displacement
132:
109:Kriegsmarine
99:
94:Reichsmarine
84:
39:
32:
18:Panzerschiff
4047:Conversions
3807:Type 1936A/
3774:Spähkreuzer
3710:Deutschland
3690:Deutschland
3681:battleships
3650:Scharnhorst
3514:Deutschland
3437:Deutschland
3287:Deutschland
2611:Renamed as
2130:Deutschland
1963:Deutschland
1903:Kaiserfahrt
1830:Deutschland
1816:Deutschland
1806:Deutschland
1699:Deutschland
1561:Deutschland
1543:fitting out
1514:Deutschland
1505:Deutschland
1478:Deutschland
1475:stated the
1432:Deutschland
1395:Deutschland
1377:Deutschland
1359:Deutschland
1328:Deutschland
1310:Deutschland
1281:Deutschland
1270:guns, four
1263:Deutschland
1209:Deutschland
1159:Deutschland
1136:Deutschland
1110:Deutschland
1088:Deutschland
1070:Deutschland
988:Deutschland
970:Deutschland
944:Deutschland
916:Deutschland
900:Deutschland
886:Deutschland
790:Deutschland
752:Hans Zenker
698:battleships
679:World War I
673:Development
610:, Uruguay.
579:Deutschland
557:Deutschland
533:. In 1937,
516:Deutschland
469:Deutschland
431:Deutschland
399:Deutschland
290:33 officers
118:Preceded by
72:Deutschland
33:Deutschland
4063:Categories
3954:Type XXIII
3905:submarines
3828:Type 1936C
3823:Type 1936B
3797:Type 1934A
3784:Destroyers
3756:Königsberg
3458:Stalingrad
3450:Kronshtadt
3419:Courageous
3051:: Pawlak.
3049:Herrsching
2886:References
2877:Williamson
2865:Williamson
2853:Williamson
2817:Williamson
2805:Williamson
2781:Williamson
2769:Hümmelchen
2745:Williamson
2733:Williamson
2697:Williamson
2673:Williamson
2661:Williamson
2637:Williamson
2625:Williamson
2588:Williamson
2559:Williamson
2517:Williamson
2340:Williamson
2185:Williamson
2151:Königsberg
2070:Montevideo
1879:on convoy
1683:Laid down
1579:Lothringen
1547:sea trials
1206:The three
1034:, and two
883:The three
835:Nazi Party
630:conducted
608:Montevideo
478:, but the
285:Complement
254:Propulsion
158:In service
4041:Cancelled
3959:Type XXVI
3944:Type XVII
3833:Type 1942
3802:Type 1936
3792:Type 1934
3030:cite book
2173:Citations
2110:Footnotes
1686:Launched
1677:Namesake
1612:from the
1276:2 cm Flak
1237:amidships
1083:AG Vulcan
1077:built by
1063:Machinery
1057:stern sea
818:Reichstag
600:deceptive
448:long tons
371:seaplanes
209:Full load
166:Completed
161:1933–1945
153:1929–1936
143:(planned)
79:Operators
3949:Type XXI
3939:Type XIV
3924:Type VII
3657:Bismarck
3625:Seydlitz
3345:(actual)
3236:(2003).
3174:(2005).
3129:(1977).
3088:(2005).
3022:46977142
2975:Ratingen
2950:(1990).
2902:20229321
2421:Campbell
2406:Campbell
2088:See also
2078:scuttled
1989:Kara Sea
1704:Germany
1680:Builder
1657:Seydlitz
1534:Preussen
1186:Armament
1049:head sea
1036:dinghies
1012:riveting
735:Preussen
700:and six
636:Kara Sea
381:catapult
300:Armament
203:Standard
137:(actual)
3985:R boats
3980:E-boats
3929:Type IX
3919:Type II
3901:U-boats
3891:Ausland
3886:Type 44
3881:Type 41
3876:Type 40
3871:Type 39
3866:Type 37
3861:Type 35
3856:Type 24
3851:Type 23
3763:Leipzig
3742:Gazelle
3526:P class
3521:D class
3336:D class
2709:Whitley
2649:Whitley
2260:Whitley
2229:O'Brien
2163:O'Brien
2082:in situ
2055:Altmark
2014:in 1936
1980:Tirpitz
1958:Almería
1941:in 1934
1818:in 1936
1032:pinnace
1008:welding
911:clipper
744:cruiser
740:monitor
667:in situ
531:Almería
466:". The
456:welding
414:cruiser
343:turrets
3934:Type X
3914:Type I
3817:Narvik
3809:Narvik
3411:Alaska
3244:
3222:
3203:
3182:
3160:
3141:
3115:
3096:
3074:
3055:
3020:
3000:
2981:
2958:
2936:
2917:
2900:
2841:Rohwer
2793:Sieche
2757:Rohwer
2721:Prager
2685:Rohwer
2613:Lützow
2600:Breyer
2576:Gröner
2532:Gröner
2493:Jane's
2469:Gröner
2445:Breyer
2433:Breyer
2376:Breyer
2352:Sieche
2328:Gröner
2248:Sieche
2101:Alaska
1919:Lützow
1912:Lützow
1899:Baltic
1895:JW 51B
1871:Lützow
1854:Lützow
1849:Allied
1652:-class
1347:s and
1196:Lützow
1180:rudder
1053:heeled
1030:, one
1028:launch
919:had a
876:Lützow
860:Design
714:Allies
656:Lützow
641:Lützow
615:Lützow
585:Lützow
568:Allied
440:, and
218:Length
106:
91:
3973:Other
3749:Emden
3534:class
3516:class
3343:class
2158:Emden
2115:Notes
1881:PQ 17
1692:Fate
1674:Ship
1354:'
1345:'
1332:'
1298:Armor
1200:'
1176:volts
1123:'
1114:'
1105:knots
964:'
955:draft
939:'
930:'
730:'
402:class
387:Notes
341:main
336:Armor
277:Range
269:Speed
234:Draft
150:Built
135:class
3618:Jade
3330:None
3242:ISBN
3220:ISBN
3201:ISBN
3180:ISBN
3158:ISBN
3139:ISBN
3113:ISBN
3094:ISBN
3072:ISBN
3053:ISBN
3036:link
3018:OCLC
2998:ISBN
2979:ISBN
2956:ISBN
2934:ISBN
2915:ISBN
2898:OCLC
2364:Pope
2033:for
1993:quay
1716:Kiel
1523:Kiel
1455:The
1423:and
1398:and
1380:and
1368:and
1313:and
1260:and
1227:The
1067:The
1041:The
1024:keel
947:and
921:beam
909:had
903:and
777:Ruhr
769:The
723:The
618:and
560:and
395:The
379:One
367:Two
355:deck
349:belt
319:3 ×
312:8 ×
305:6 ×
226:Beam
187:Type
174:Lost
121:None
67:Name
1097:shp
1079:MAN
833:'s
4065::
3631:II
3047:.
3032:}}
3028:{{
2566:^
2551:^
2524:^
2413:^
2398:^
2383:^
2284:^
2267:^
2236:^
2209:^
2192:^
2058:.
1995:.
1753:,
1714:,
1338:;
1182:.
1101:kW
1038:.
897:.
588:.
554:,
434:,
247:PS
4044:V
4038:X
4032:S
3907:)
3903:(
3769:M
3723:P
3668:O
3663:H
3612:I
3581:e
3574:t
3567:v
3494:e
3487:t
3480:v
3391:e
3384:t
3377:v
3278:e
3271:t
3264:v
3250:.
3228:.
3209:.
3188:.
3166:.
3147:.
3121:.
3102:.
3080:.
3061:.
3038:)
3024:.
3006:.
2987:.
2964:.
2942:.
2923:.
2904:.
2483:.
452:t
177:3
169:3
37:.
20:)
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