117:
61:
852:
37:
916:
1513:
1031:
sonar system's ability to acquire targets and needed to be remedied. Coupled with the submarine's high cost, lengthy building time, and the limited resources available, the navy decided not to proceed with any more boats. Thus the design studies for derivatives like the improved
Project 661M, the Project 661A armed with
619:
began development of
Project 661, an experimental cruise-missile submarine, later that year in response to the resolution. Chief designer N. N. Isanin decided to begin a clean-slate design that would use existing technology as little as possible. By July 1959 a sketch design was ready for a submarine
972:
on 28 December 1963. Construction of the submarine was delayed by the delivery of plates for the outer hull by the
Kommunar Metallurgical Plant that were contaminated by hydrogen and cracked easily. About 20 percent of the plates for the outer hull had to be replaced which contributed to the lengthy
1082:
ruptured and radioactive steam and water entered the machinery compartment. They were able to prevent the steam from spreading and turned on the main pumps to get water cooling the core. The commission investigating the incident recommended that the reactors be replaced by more modern ones and that
1030:
During this time, the
Soviets assessed the possibility of series production of more boats of the class and concluded that the design would have to be modified with longer-range missiles and more torpedoes to improve its combat worthiness. In addition the excessive noise at high speed eliminated the
529:
was easily detectable at high speed. The Soviet Navy rejected a plan to place the design into series production as its flaws outweighed its advantages, but it pioneered the technology needed to work with titanium on a large scale, which enabled the subsequent construction of more successful designs
638:
was quickly rejected as unsuitable because of its poor resistance to corrosion and poor performance under high pressure at high speeds. While new alloys of steel were still under development, titanium had some major advantages. It was much stronger than steel for a given weight, resisted corrosion
1094:, not far from Severodvinsk. Having lost the tools to handle the fuel rods, the navy could not find a company or organization willing or able to defuel the submarine. By 2008 cracks started appearing in the hull and the ballast tanks started taking on water. In March 2010 Sevmash began scrapping
894:
at long ranges. It would transmit the data to the missiles for its initial targeting. Locating targets accurately was initially limited to about 50 kilometres (31 mi; 27 nmi) with the missiles requiring a mid-course update if attacking targets further away. Later upgrades to the sonar
682:
that earlier nuclear-powered submarines had been equipped with to compensate for using two shafts when it accepted the sketch design and authorized preliminary design work in
February 1960. The final design was approved three months later. To reduce the technical risk of many of the advanced
614:
issued a resolution on 28 August 1958 calling for a very ambitious submarine development program that called for a doubling of speed, a 50 percent increase in diving depth, smaller nuclear reactors and steam turbines, and a long-range missile system of small dimensions able to be fired while
1072:
and the
Severodvinsk facility had to refuel the boat without them. During the procedure, the entire crew decided to go to lunch ashore on 30 November, violating naval regulations as only shipyard workers remained aboard. This became a problem because the automatic safety system for the
517:; the requirements called for a very fast boat equipped with missiles that could be launched while submerged. It accepted the preliminary design two years later and construction began in 1963; work proceeded very slowly as techniques for working titanium had to be developed and
1077:
had been shut down and they started to lift, causing the reactor to generate more heat without any water flowing to cool the core of the reactor. No one was monitoring the core's temperature and the workers only realized that there was a problem when an alarm sounded after a
659:. The Soviets had some experience with the former, but none with the latter; this proved to be the deciding factor as the committee was unwilling to wait for the lead-bismuth reactor to be developed even though it promised to be smaller for the same amount of power output.
758:
while the lower contained the massive sonar system and some of the batteries. The third compartment was as narrow as the first two (5.9 m (19 ft 4 in)) while the rest of the compartments widened to a diameter of 9 m (29 ft 6 in).
802:
were fitted in lieu of a diesel generator. The boat made 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) on the surface, and proved to be much faster than planned underwater and reached a top speed of 42 knots (78 km/h; 48 mph) at 90 percent power during her
609:
family of missiles, notably its need to be launched from the surface and its complicated target-acquisition process, both of which rendered the submarines launching the missiles vulnerable to the carriers that they were intended to attack. The
885:
The massive cylindrical Rubin MGK-300 sonar system occupied the nose of the lower inner hull and measured 6 m (19 ft 8 in) in diameter and 3 m (9 ft 10 in) in height. It was fitted with both active and passive
895:
allowed it to extend its range to the full 70 km (43 mi; 38 nmi) limit of the P-70 missiles. Once fired, the submarine did not have to provide any further targeting data as the missile was equipped with a radar of its own.
1018:
at high speed as it returned to the United States from the
Mediterranean. During a lengthy refit that lasted from October 1972 to January 1975, the shipyard discovered a large number of cracks that required repair. Three years later,
956:
failed to follow the strict cool down time requirements. Further consultations with metallurgical experts reached the conclusion that the steel tools used to fabricate the sections were not suitable for use with titanium.
651:. Disregarding the extremely high cost of titanium compared to steel and that titanium could not be welded in an oxygen atmosphere, the committee selected it. Two types of reactor were potentially available at this time,
1565:
1114:
A third attempt was made in 1971 that recorded a speed of 44.85 kn (83.06 km/h; 51.61 mph), but the Soviet Navy rejected the figure because the reactors were not at 100 percent during the
882:
from being fitted with more than four 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes, although she stowed eight reloads for them. The torpedoes could be fired down to a depth of 200 m (660 ft).
819:
the biggest thing was the noise of the water going by. It increased together with the ship's speed, and when 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) was exceeded, it was like the noise of a
1558:
985:
were not watertight despite careful examination and that non-titanium components were not properly isolated from the titanium hull, causing corrosion. Within the Soviet Navy,
1991:
1083:
an emergency diesel generator be installed, but the recommendations were rejected and the navy decided to simply repair the damage. After the repairs and decontamination,
1996:
1551:
1986:
926:
As large-scale fabrication of titanium was unknown anywhere in the world, techniques and equipment had to be developed from scratch by the
Soviets at great cost. The
1525:
1971:
425:
521:
was inconsistent. The program's objectives were generally satisfied, but the government had failed to include a requirement to minimize the submarine's
754:
where the first two compartments were narrower than the rest of the hull and were superimposed in a figure 8 shape; the upper compartment housed the
1976:
678:. The committee considered using a single shaft, but ultimately rejected it, preferring the redundancy of two reactors. It did delete the auxiliary
611:
949:. The collapse of the section under hydraulic pressure and the presence of cracks in the welds of both structures revealed that the welders at the
990:
666:
These decisions produced a design that had an underwater speed of 38 knots and was capable of carrying 10–12 missile launchers forward of the
1495:
1457:
1416:
1040:
1047:
was not regarded as a successful design, the technology developed for the build enabled the Soviet Union to construct the titanium-hulled
941:
environment to prevent contamination of the welds. As part of that process two half-scale sections were constructed, one for testing in a
874:
boosters, it could be launched underwater at a maximum depth of 30 m (98 ft). No more than five missiles could be fired in one
1742:
616:
513:
of nuclear submarines, which had to surface to fire their missiles. In 1958 construction was authorized for an exceedingly ambitious
1476:
1435:
1397:
933:
had to invest in new equipment capable of shaping plates up to 60 mm (2.4 in) thick and retrain its workers to weld in an
1517:
1000:
593:'s nuclear reactor in 1980, the submarine went on her final operational patrol in 1981. She was removed from service in 1988 and
866:
The submarine's primary armament consisted of 10 P-70 missiles in individual tubes between the inner and outer hulls forward of
807:
in
December 1969. During this 12-hour full-speed test, some of the external hull fittings were ripped off and portions of the
778:
The submarine was powered by a pair of 177.4-megawatt (237,900 hp) VM-5M reactors, each supplying steam for the GTZA-618
1936:
1347:
1011:
in
September–December 1971. During this patrol, the submarine trailed an American battle group centered around the carrier
474:
839:
reached 44.7 knots (82.8 km/h; 51.4 mph), the fastest speed attained underwater by a manned object and making
1764:
1587:
624:(70 km/h; 44 mph) and the State Committee for Shipbuilding had to make decisions about what the submarine's
1931:
1752:
1615:
1079:
978:
823:. ... In the control room was not heard simply the roar of an aircraft, but the thunder of "the engine room of a
652:
644:
582:
851:
1921:
1788:
1707:
1699:
1640:
458:
231:
1388:(1995). "Soviet Union 1947–1991: Russian Federation and Successor States 1991–". In Chumbley, Stephen (ed.).
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76:
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The first titanium plates were delivered in late 1961 which allowed the submarine (initially designated as
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and the second volley could be fired three minutes later. The narrowness of the bow compartment prevented
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1981:
671:
514:
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components chosen, the navy modified five existing submarines to test various systems such as the
1488:
From Juliettes to Yasens: Development and Operational History of Soviet Cruise-Missile Submarines
996:
843:
the world's fastest submarine. The submarine carried enough supplies to stay at sea for 70 days.
586:
551:
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1472:
1453:
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297:
1812:
1526:"The Soviet's 'Golden Fish' Missile Submarine Still Holds The Record As The World's Fastest"
1069:
1055:
867:
696:
679:
667:
570:
1385:
1355:
942:
870:. The tubes were positioned upwards at an angle of 32.5 degrees. As the missile used four
739:
629:
606:
578:
518:
435:
291:
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1882:
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1008:
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at a speed of 38 knots. The boat was equipped with two 3,000-kilowatt (4,000 shp)
735:
723:
562:
402:
36:
1965:
1445:
1098:
with the reactors and nuclear fuel still on board, and this was completed by 4 June.
811:
protecting the water intakes broke loose and were ground up by the water-circulation
779:
640:
594:
319:
214:
17:
1578:
982:
981:
on 21 December 1968. Shortly afterwards, testing of the submarine revealed that 10
950:
903:(NATO reporting name: Snoop Tray) and a Molniya (NATO reporting name: Pert Spring)
820:
772:
755:
743:
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145:
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1036:
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462:
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66:
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734:) on the surface and 7,000 t (6,900 long tons) submerged. The boat had an
1450:
Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines
915:
887:
804:
783:
764:
751:
1091:
969:
938:
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of 8.2 meters (26 ft 11 in). The submarine's inner hull had nine
1512:
1035:(NATO designation: SS-N-9 Siren) missiles and the Project 661B armed with
953:
930:
787:
731:
704:
589:
led to a lengthy repair period from 1972 to 1975. After an accident with
478:
466:
441:
301:
248:
974:
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141:
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driving each propeller shaft. The turbines produced a total of 80,000
827:". Those present believed that the noise level was greater than 100
615:
submerged, and new materials, among other objectives. Design bureau
1003:, the boat spent most of the next two years conducting sea trials.
934:
914:
900:
850:
727:
708:
383:
377:
244:
771:
of 550 meters (1,800 ft). The crew numbered 82 officers and
1392:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 337–426.
812:
692:
639:
better and was non-magnetic. This would help protect it against
1547:
1090:
In 1988, the boat was placed in reserve at the naval base in
484:
The submarine was given several names over the course of its
993:", in reference to her development and construction costs.
605:
The Soviets were well aware of the drawbacks of the large
663:
would be the first submarine built with a titanium hull.
1469:
Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990
473:
as an unsuccessful design, upon completion it was the
1068:
s crew lost the unique tools required to handle the
1061:
While having her reactor refueled in November 1980,
1892:
1810:
1786:
1762:
1698:
1639:
1586:
1490:. Europe @ War (22). Warwick, UK: Helion & Co.
1136:
1390:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995
1409:Soviet Cruise Missile Submarines of the Cold War
899:was also fitted with an Albatros RLK-101 search
569:to carry out her mission of destroying American
338:44 knots (81 km/h; 51 mph) (submerged)
1471:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1430:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
945:and the other to evaluate shock resistance in
1559:
835:On a subsequent trial in 1970 at full power,
573:. These missiles could be fitted with either
439:
8:
742:of 11.5 meters (37 ft 9 in) and a
738:of 106.92 meters (350 ft 9 in), a
1467:Polmar, Norman & Noot, Jurrien (1991).
1087:made her last operational patrol in 1981.
488:and service: she was originally designated
1566:
1552:
1544:
973:period that the submarine remained on the
254:7,000 t (6,900 long tons) (submerged)
1992:Russian and Soviet Navy submarine classes
1428:Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945–1995
1007:made her first operational patrol in the
628:would be constructed of and what type of
498:while under construction, and renamed to
1997:Cold War naval ships of the Soviet Union
999:on 13 December 1969 and assigned to the
750:and had an unusual configuration at the
689:(NATO reporting name: SS-N-7 Starbright)
585:through the 1970s, but the discovery of
27:Nuclear-powered cruise-missile submarine
1987:Cold War submarines of the Soviet Union
1128:
1107:
1486:Vilches Alarcón, Alejandro A. (2022).
335:(46 km/h; 29 mph) (surfaced)
31:
1972:Nuclear submarines of the Soviet Navy
1315:
1313:
581:. The submarine served in the Soviet
264:106.92 m (350 ft 9 in)
113:
7:
1588:Ballistic missile nuclear submarines
1452:. Washington, D. C.: Potomac Books.
1258:
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767:of 400 meters (1,300 ft) and a
670:, but was larger than the specified
1352:Submarine Scrapped in Severodvinsk"
509:and Navy was dissatisfied with the
847:Armament, sensors and fire control
815:. One account of the trial wrote:
280:8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
272:11.5 m (37 ft 9 in)
25:
1641:Cruise missile nuclear submarines
989:was commonly referred to as the "
530:using titanium, such as Projects
477:and the first to be built with a
407:4 × 533 mm (21 in) bow
1511:
1448:& Moore, Kenneth J. (2004).
1001:Soviet Red Banner Northern Fleet
115:
59:
35:
1977:Ships built in the Soviet Union
1175:Polmar & Moore, pp. 136–137
1039:(NATO codename: SS-N-8 Sawfly)
905:satellite-communications system
558:was armed with 10 short-range,
1271:Vilches Alarcón, p. 48, fn. 13
790:) that was intended to propel
1:
1411:. London: Osprey Publishing.
1358:. 4 June 2010. Archived from
1765:ballistic missile submarines
1581:submarine classes after 1945
726:design that displaced 5,197
1307:Vilches Alarcón, pp. 46, 50
1280:Vilches Alarcón, pp. 46, 49
890:and was intended to detect
469:. Although the Soviets saw
2013:
1407:Hampshire, Edward (2018).
1328:Vilches Alarcón, pp. 51–53
1319:Vilches Alarcón, pp. 50–51
1262:Polmar & Moore, p. 138
1218:Polmar & Moore, p. 139
1198:Polmar & Moore, p. 137
968:on 27 January 1965) to be
645:magnetic anomaly detectors
356:400 m (1,300 ft)
1945:
1797:644/665 Whiskey (missile)
1789:cruise missile submarines
1700:Nuclear attack submarines
1298:Polmar & Noot, p. 302
1043:were cancelled. Although
700:
583:Red Banner Northern Fleet
475:world's fastest submarine
440:
221:
108:
49:
34:
798:; two banks of 152-cell
459:cruise-missile submarine
382:Albatros RLK-101 search
232:cruise-missile submarine
1879:(development suspended)
1518:K-222 (submarine, 1969)
911:Construction and career
862:s sail, 26 October 1983
748:watertight compartments
711:and other electronics.
649:anti-submarine aircraft
222:General characteristics
1426:Pavlov, A. S. (1997).
1337:Vilches Alarcón, p. 53
1230:Vilches Alarcón, p. 46
1184:Vilches Alarcón, p. 45
923:
863:
833:
1289:Hampshire, pp. 15, 30
919:A profile drawing of
918:
892:carrier battle groups
854:
817:
800:silver-zinc batteries
657:lead-bismuth eutectic
1952:Single ship of class
1894:Auxiliary submarines
1755:(under construction)
1524:Trevithick, Joseph.
1520:at Wikimedia Commons
964:and then renamed to
612:Council of Ministers
18:Papa-class submarine
695:designation: 4K66;
674:if fitted with two
643:and registering on
448:NATO reporting name
1147:Miramar Ship Index
1041:ballistic missiles
924:
864:
554:in 1969, the-then
523:acoustic signature
371:processing systems
1959:
1958:
1861:636 Improved Kilo
1813:attack submarines
1723:671RTM Victor III
1516:Media related to
1497:978-1-915070-68-5
1459:978-1-57488-594-1
1418:978-1-47282-499-8
1362:on 1 October 2010
1070:nuclear fuel rods
1056:attack submarines
937:atmosphere and a
825:diesel locomotive
653:pressurized water
571:aircraft carriers
525:which meant that
507:Soviet government
416:
415:
399:SS-N-7 Starbright
206:(15 January 1978)
83:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2004:
1753:09851 Khabarovsk
1626:667BDRM Delta IV
1616:667BDR Delta III
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227:Class and type
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192:Decommissioned
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56:
52:
51:
50:Class overview
47:
46:
44:on the surface
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2009:
1998:
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1925:
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1811:Conventional
1809:
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1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1787:Conventional
1785:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:AV611 Zulu IV
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1763:Conventional
1761:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:705/705K Alfa
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:627A November
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:949A Oscar II
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:670 Charlie I
1657:
1655:
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1527:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1478:0-87021-570-1
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1437:1-55750-671-X
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1399:1-55750-132-7
1395:
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1248:Pavlov, p. 40
1245:
1243:
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984:
983:ballast tanks
980:
977:before being
976:
971:
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838:
832:
830:
826:
822:
816:
814:
810:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
786:(60,000
785:
781:
780:steam turbine
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
756:torpedo tubes
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:double-hulled
721:
714:
712:
710:
707:') missiles,
706:
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688:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
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658:
654:
650:
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633:
631:
627:
623:
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613:
608:
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596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:torpedo tubes
564:
561:
557:
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547:
546:
542:
536:
535:
528:
524:
520:
516:
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508:
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480:
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431:
427:
423:was the sole
422:
421:
410:
409:torpedo tubes
406:
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343:
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334:
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328:
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310:
309:
303:
300:(59,000
299:
295:
293:
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288:
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283:
279:
276:
275:
271:
268:
267:
263:
260:
259:
253:
251:) (surfaced)
250:
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143:
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137:
136:
133:
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127:
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112:
107:
103:
101:In commission
100:
99:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:Charlie class
75:
72:
71:
68:
57:
54:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1932:210 Losharik
1922:1910 Uniform
1733:945 Sierra I
1713:671 Victor I
1668:
1606:667B Delta I
1534:. Retrieved
1530:The War Zone
1529:
1487:
1468:
1449:
1427:
1408:
1389:
1379:Bibliography
1364:. Retrieved
1360:the original
1349:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1152:23 September
1150:. Retrieved
1139:
1131:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1075:control rods
1062:
1060:
1053:Sierra-class
1044:
1029:
1024:
1023:was renamed
1020:
1014:
1004:
997:Commissioned
995:
986:
965:
961:
959:
951:Severodvinsk
925:
920:
896:
884:
879:
865:
856:
840:
836:
834:
821:jet aircraft
818:
791:
777:
773:enlisted men
769:design depth
760:
719:
718:
686:
672:displacement
665:
660:
634:
604:
590:
575:conventional
555:
552:Commissioned
550:
544:
540:
533:
526:
504:
499:
494:
493:
489:
486:construction
483:
470:
451:
429:
424:
419:
418:
417:
369:Sensors and
296:80,000
238:Displacement
203:
184:Commissioned
146:Severodvinsk
131:
122:Soviet Union
41:
29:
1937:20120 Sarov
1912:1710 Beluga
1846:641 Foxtrot
1826:613 Whiskey
1802:651 Juliett
1674:949 Oscar I
1654:675 Echo II
1621:941 Typhoon
1601:667A Yankee
1532:. The Drive
1037:R-29 Vysota
991:Golden Fish
947:Lake Ladoga
888:transducers
728:metric tons
715:Description
587:hull cracks
543:, and 945A
465:during the
463:Soviet Navy
243:5,197
230:Papa-class
152:Yard number
87:Oscar class
73:Preceded by
67:Soviet Navy
1982:1968 ships
1966:Categories
1885:(proposed)
1873:(proposed)
1851:641B Tango
1831:615 Quebec
1691:(proposed)
1649:659 Echo I
1536:2022-04-04
1366:7 February
1142:(6126349)"
1123:References
1049:Alfa-class
805:sea trials
765:test depth
601:Background
511:Echo class
452:Papa class
361:Complement
353:Test depth
311:Propulsion
1927:865 Losos
1917:1840 Lima
1907:940 India
1902:690 Bravo
1841:633 Romeo
1836:617 Whale
1748:971 Akula
1689:545 Laika
1684:885 Yasen
1631:955 Borei
1596:658 Hotel
1092:Belomorsk
1080:condenser
1013:USS
970:laid down
939:cleanroom
732:long tons
636:Aluminium
597:in 2010.
565:and four
560:anti-ship
541:Barrakuda
502:in 1978.
345:Endurance
249:long tons
176:Completed
160:Laid down
104:1970–1988
96:1963–1970
55:Operators
1866:677 Lada
1856:877 Kilo
1821:611 Zulu
1778:629 Golf
1743:685 Mike
1669:661 Papa
1015:Saratoga
979:launched
954:shipyard
931:shipyard
829:decibels
705:Amethyst
595:scrapped
492:, named
479:titanium
467:Cold War
436:Cyrillic
392:Armament
215:Scrapped
168:Launched
1579:Russian
975:slipway
928:Sevmash
730:(5,115
697:Russian
687:Ametist
617:TsKB-16
515:program
481:hull.
461:of the
426:Project
401:(P-70)
348:70 days
247:(5,115
200:Renamed
142:Sevmash
138:Builder
109:History
1883:Kalina
1575:Soviet
1494:
1475:
1456:
1434:
1415:
1396:
876:volley
809:grills
763:had a
722:was a
709:sonars
545:Kondor
430:Anchar
318:; 2 ×
316:shafts
261:Length
217:, 2010
64:
1877:S1000
1350:K-222
1140:K-162
1115:test.
1102:Notes
1096:K-222
1085:K-222
1066:'
1063:K-222
1045:K-222
1025:K-222
1021:K-162
1005:K-162
987:K-162
966:K-162
935:argon
921:K-222
901:radar
897:K-222
880:K-222
860:'
857:K-222
841:K-222
837:K-222
813:pumps
792:K-222
761:K-222
744:draft
720:K-222
685:P-70
661:K-222
622:knots
591:K-222
556:K-162
527:K-222
500:K-222
495:K-162
471:K-222
442:Анчар
428:661 "
420:K-222
397:10 ×
384:radar
378:sonar
333:knots
326:Speed
277:Draft
204:K-222
132:K-168
93:Built
42:K-222
1871:Amur
1577:and
1492:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1368:2023
1154:2009
1051:and
962:K-18
868:sail
740:beam
693:GRAU
668:sail
626:hull
539:945
534:Lira
532:705
505:The
490:K-18
314:2 ×
290:2 ×
269:Beam
211:Fate
195:1988
187:1970
128:Name
752:bow
655:or
647:of
577:or
446:) (
331:25
155:501
1968::
1528:.
1354:.
1312:^
1253:^
1235:^
1223:^
1203:^
1189:^
1145:.
1058:.
1027:.
907:.
788:kW
775:.
699::
691:,
548:.
537:,
454:)
450::
438::
364:82
304:))
302:kW
298:PS
144:,
1949:S
1567:e
1560:t
1553:v
1539:.
1500:.
1481:.
1462:.
1440:.
1421:.
1402:.
1370:.
1348:"
1156:.
1138:"
831:.
703:'
434:(
432:"
245:t
20:)
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