129:
1971:
1959:
1983:
1944:
85:
Because of generally slow growth and bitter, less palatable fruits than in other citruses, papeda species have only limited commercial cultivation. Some species, like ichang papeda, are used in
1939:
93:
and as genome source for breeding disease-resistant and frost-hardy citrus hybrids. In some cases the skin or leaves are used as a flavoring in Asian cuisine.
70:, and a number of wild and uncultivated species and hybrids. Recent genetic analysis shows the papedas to be distributed among distinct branches of the
405:
20:
556:
137:
108:
and papedas were the ancestors of most hybrid citrus species and their varieties, which resulted from breeding or natural
133:
2019:
1975:
1861:
1866:
988:
191:
2014:
793:
421:
42:
species and varieties native to tropical Asia that are hardy and slow-growing, and produce unpalatable fruit.
1851:
1831:
1788:
1760:
778:
43:
1178:
1826:
1803:
1033:
1013:
1008:
1856:
1924:
1778:
1551:
1546:
1163:
1654:
1580:
666:
549:
1888:
1871:
1730:
1517:
783:
1987:
1929:
1793:
1591:
1492:
1356:
1302:
1274:
1113:
983:
688:
627:
291:
251:
235:
1909:
1894:
1841:
1768:
1750:
1628:
1623:
1507:
1173:
998:
968:
798:
788:
592:
401:
326:
279:
1899:
1783:
1664:
1575:
1533:
1522:
1512:
1497:
1361:
1269:
948:
853:
142:
117:
109:
90:
128:
2009:
1963:
1919:
1904:
1836:
1705:
1644:
1606:
1585:
1445:
1392:
1376:
1366:
1292:
1259:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1158:
1063:
1053:
993:
963:
933:
923:
873:
843:
803:
743:
703:
607:
582:
542:
267:
163:
105:
1821:
1659:
1502:
1371:
1351:
1297:
1168:
1133:
1043:
953:
943:
903:
898:
888:
828:
661:
617:
369:
307:
215:
207:
155:
2003:
1773:
1470:
1254:
1206:
1093:
1073:
1003:
878:
833:
713:
638:
612:
501:
464:
450:
199:
175:
171:
79:
23:
231:
There are many naturally occurring varieties that are now classified as subspecies:
1846:
1798:
1684:
1679:
1562:
1416:
1406:
1226:
1038:
848:
763:
723:
656:
147:
75:
330:- winged lime (unresolved as to whether or not it is a hybrid, variety or species)
146:(top right) is a papeda. Hybrids are expected to plot between their parents. ML:
1914:
1710:
1421:
1389:
1264:
1153:
1128:
1123:
1108:
1078:
978:
928:
913:
738:
698:
597:
223:
187:
179:
167:
159:
86:
59:
1735:
1018:
823:
818:
758:
728:
718:
646:
365:
1183:
1401:
1143:
1103:
1028:
868:
753:
708:
359:
51:
1649:
120:, and a citron, has in turn given rise to many commercial types of limes.
1934:
1740:
1720:
1715:
1689:
1669:
1431:
1411:
1325:
1320:
1088:
1023:
973:
893:
748:
693:
680:
113:
19:
1745:
1674:
1426:
1335:
1312:
1138:
1118:
1083:
958:
808:
773:
733:
602:
574:
351:
67:
1725:
1198:
1148:
1098:
1068:
1058:
1048:
938:
918:
908:
883:
863:
858:
838:
813:
768:
622:
587:
565:
375:
151:
101:
97:
63:
38:
429:
651:
127:
18:
1188:
345:
55:
538:
78:
and not a valid taxonomic grouping, but the term persists as a
1945:
University of
California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection
74:
phylogenetic tree, and hence
Swingle's proposed subgenus is
334:
A number of hybrids between this subgenus and the subgenus
534:
186:
There are four species of Papeda currently recognised by
96:
It is believed, based on molecular studies, that the
1880:
1814:
1759:
1698:
1637:
1605:
1560:
1531:
1479:
1457:
1444:
1385:
1344:
1334:
1311:
1283:
1245:
1197:
677:
636:
572:
46:segregated these species into a separate subgenus,
1940:University of California Citrus Experiment Station
132:Citrus fruits clustered by genetic similarity (
244:- small-flowered papeda (locally known as the
550:
260:- small-fruited papeda (locally known as the
112:among the parental species. For example, the
8:
1454:
1341:
557:
543:
535:
422:"International Citrus Genomics Consortium"
388:
583:Australian and Papuan wild limes group
400:. Oxford Book Company. pp. 48–.
227:- The kaffir lime or Mauritius papeda
7:
1982:
502:"Sudachi ichandrin (papeda hybrid).
162:; L: regular and "sweet" lemons; B:
36:is the common name for a group of
14:
465:"Yuzu ichandrin (papeda hybrid).
451:"Search results — the Plant List"
116:, a hybrid between a papeda, the
89:, while others are important for
1981:
1970:
1969:
1958:
1957:
378:(ichang papeda × bitter orange)
396:Jacob, Daniel (30 June 2014).
1:
1222:Fingered citron/Buddha's hand
1660:Dried lime tea (noomi basra)
166:; H: haploid clementine; C:
2036:
354:(ichang papeda × mandarin)
348:(ichang papeda × mandarin)
1953:
1867:Johann Christoph Volkamer
1576:Orange-flowered oxanthera
999:Myrtle-leaved orange tree
989:Midknight Valencia Orange
192:Missouri Botanical Garden
426:University of California
368:(yuzu × pomelo, or yuzu
362:(ichang papeda × pomelo)
1852:Walter Tennyson Swingle
1832:Lena B. Smithers Hughes
1523:Brown River finger lime
520:. Citrusvariety.ucr.edu
483:. Citrusvariety.ucr.edu
44:Walter Tennyson Swingle
1827:Robert Willard Hodgson
1518:Australian finger lime
1034:Palestinian sweet lime
1014:New Zealand grapefruit
183:
26:
16:Citrus fruit and plant
1925:List of citrus fruits
1498:Australian round lime
1164:Variegated pink lemon
131:
22:
1581:Large-leaf oxanthera
1493:New Guinea wild lime
50:, that included the
1889:The Citrus Industry
1872:Herbert John Webber
1731:Orange flower water
1586:Wavy-leaf oxanthera
784:Fairchild tangerine
288:- Melanesian papeda
203:- the Ichang papeda
2020:Plant common names
1930:Mother Orange Tree
1592:Oxanthera brevipes
1552:Clymenia polyandra
1547:Clymenia platypoda
1508:Maiden's wild lime
1503:Russell River lime
1255:Cleopatra mandarin
1114:Smith Red Valencia
834:Indian wild orange
471:Citrus ichangensis
184:
27:
1997:
1996:
1910:Cold-hardy citrus
1895:Citrus production
1629:Trifoliate orange
1601:
1600:
1569:
1540:
1486:
1464:
1440:
1439:
1352:Hong Kong kumquat
1298:Mountain "citron"
1275:Willowleaf orange
1024:Orangelo/Chironja
969:Melanesian papeda
789:Florentine citron
670:
508:Citrus cavaleriei
506:Hort. ex Shirai.
469:Sieb. ex Tanaka.
407:978-93-5030-190-6
327:Citrus longispina
211:- mountain citron
200:Citrus cavaleriei
2027:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1900:Citrus rootstock
1857:Chōzaburō Tanaka
1815:Citrus botanists
1665:Grapefruit juice
1567:
1538:
1513:Mount White lime
1484:
1462:
1455:
1450:wild limes group
1386:Kumquat hybrids
1342:
1247:Mandarin oranges
1094:Satsuma mandarin
854:Jamaican tangelo
664:
559:
552:
545:
536:
529:
528:
526:
525:
498:
492:
491:
489:
488:
461:
455:
454:
447:
441:
440:
438:
437:
428:. Archived from
418:
412:
411:
393:
276:- Celebes papeda
143:Citrus micrantha
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2015:Plant subgenera
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1949:
1920:Japanese citrus
1905:Citrus taxonomy
1876:
1862:Ikuro Takahashi
1837:David Mabberley
1810:
1755:
1706:Calcium citrate
1694:
1645:Calamansi juice
1633:
1611:
1609:
1597:
1568:(former genera)
1566:
1556:
1539:(former genera)
1537:
1527:
1485:(former genera)
1483:
1475:
1463:(former genera)
1461:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1393:Citrofortunella
1387:
1381:
1377:Malayan kumquat
1372:Jiangsu kumquat
1345:Kumquat species
1330:
1307:
1279:
1241:
1237:Yemenite citron
1232:Moroccan citron
1217:Diamante citron
1212:Corsican citron
1193:
1159:Valencia orange
1054:Ponderosa lemon
924:Kobayashi mikan
794:Forbidden fruit
744:Cara cara navel
704:Bergamot orange
679:
678:True and hybrid
673:
632:
628:Ryukyu mandarin
618:Mountain citron
608:Mandarin orange
568:
563:
533:
532:
523:
521:
500:
499:
495:
486:
484:
463:
462:
458:
449:
448:
444:
435:
433:
420:
419:
415:
408:
395:
394:
390:
385:
164:bergamot orange
126:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1881:Related topics
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Clément Rodier
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Clara H. Hasse
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1619:
1617:
1607:Related genera
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1293:Celebes papeda
1289:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:Xã Đoài orange
1176:
1171:
1169:Volkamer lemon
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:Pixie mandarin
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
944:Lemonade fruit
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
904:Kinkoji unshiu
901:
896:
891:
889:Kawachi bankan
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
829:Imperial lemon
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
685:
683:
675:
674:
672:
671:
659:
654:
649:
643:
641:
634:
633:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
603:Kumquats group
600:
595:
590:
585:
579:
577:
570:
569:
564:
562:
561:
554:
547:
539:
531:
530:
504:Citrus sudachi
493:
456:
442:
413:
406:
387:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
373:
363:
357:
356:
355:
349:
332:
331:
323:
305:
289:
281:Citrus hystrix
277:
269:Citrus hystrix
265:
253:Citrus hystrix
249:
237:Citrus hystrix
229:
228:
224:Citrus hystrix
220:
219:- khasi papeda
216:Citrus latipes
212:
208:Citrus halimii
204:
156:Volkamer lemon
125:
124:Classification
122:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2032:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Round kumquat
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Meiwa kumquat
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1303:Ichang papeda
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Balady citron
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:Sweet limetta
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:Rhobs el Arsa
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:Nagpur orange
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:Limón de Pica
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
714:Bitter orange
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
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613:Mangshanyegan
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593:Ichang papeda
591:
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432:on 2015-02-01
431:
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398:Citrus Fruits
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314:
313:aurantiifolia
310:
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297:aurantiifolia
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197:
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195:
194:. These are:
193:
189:
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177:
176:sweet oranges
173:
169:
165:
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157:
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139:
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123:
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119:
115:
111:
110:hybridization
107:
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77:
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69:
65:
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57:
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49:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
25:
24:Ichang papeda
21:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1887:
1847:Robert Soost
1799:Phytophthora
1779:CTV/Tristeza
1685:Yuja-hwachae
1680:Orange juice
1622:
1613:
1590:
1561:
1532:
1480:
1458:
1417:Mandarinquat
1407:Citrangequat
1362:Oval kumquat
1284:
1227:Greek citron
1039:Persian lime
899:Khasi papeda
849:Jaffa orange
764:Coorg orange
724:Blood orange
667:sweet orange
522:. Retrieved
515:
511:
507:
503:
496:
485:. Retrieved
478:
474:
470:
467:Citrus junos
466:
459:
445:
434:. Retrieved
430:the original
425:
416:
397:
391:
360:Ichang lemon
342:Ichandarins
338:also exist:
335:
333:
325:
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316:
312:
308:
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296:
292:
284:
280:
272:
268:
261:
256:
252:
245:
240:
236:
230:
222:
214:
206:
198:
185:
172:sour oranges
148:Mexican lime
141:
140:diversity).
95:
91:rootstocking
84:
76:polyphyletic
71:
52:Ichang lemon
47:
37:
33:
29:
28:
1915:Hesperidium
1711:Citric acid
1481:Microcitrus
1471:Desert lime
1459:Eromocitrus
1422:Procimequat
1265:Nanfengmiju
1174:Winged lime
1154:Tsunonozomi
1129:Sweet lemon
1124:Suruga yuko
1109:Shonan Gold
1079:Rough lemon
979:Meyer lemon
914:Kishu mikan
874:Kakadu lime
799:Ginger lime
699:Assam lemon
598:Kaffir lime
301:macrophylla
180:grapefruits
168:clementines
160:Meyer lemon
87:landscaping
80:common name
60:kaffir lime
2004:Categories
1976:Production
1769:Black spot
1736:Orange oil
1448:and Papuan
1446:Australian
824:Hyuganatsu
819:Heen naran
759:Clementine
729:Byeonggyul
719:Blood lime
647:Grapefruit
524:2019-03-15
512:reticulata
487:2012-11-17
475:reticulata
436:2009-10-04
366:Hyuganatsu
285:macroptera
257:microcarpa
1804:citricola
1794:Mal secco
1784:Exocortis
1612:properly
1563:Oxanthera
1402:Calamansi
1270:Tachibana
1144:Tangerine
1104:Shangjuan
1029:Oroblanco
984:Micrantha
869:Kaji Nemu
754:Citrumelo
709:Bizzarria
681:cultivars
241:micrantha
118:micrantha
1964:Category
1935:Orangery
1789:Greening
1761:Diseases
1741:Orangeat
1721:Limonene
1716:Lemonene
1699:Products
1690:Yuja tea
1670:Lemonade
1624:Poncirus
1610:(perhaps
1534:Clymenia
1432:Yuzuquat
1412:Limequat
1336:Kumquats
1326:Dangyuja
1321:Banpeiyu
1260:Shīkwāsā
1089:Sanbokan
1009:Nasnaran
974:Melogold
894:Key lime
749:Citrange
739:Cam sành
694:Amanatsu
304:- alemow
273:celebica
190:and the
114:Key lime
106:mandarin
1988:Commons
1746:Succade
1675:Limeade
1655:Curaçao
1427:Sunquat
1313:Pomelos
1285:Papedas
1199:Citrons
1139:Tangelo
1119:Sudachi
1084:Samuyao
1064:Rangpur
1019:Ōgonkan
994:Murcott
964:Mandora
959:Mandelo
934:Komikan
809:Hassaku
774:Dekopon
734:Biasong
639:hybrids
575:species
516:austere
479:austere
352:Sudachi
321:- kalpi
317:webberi
262:samuyao
246:biasong
68:sudachi
34:papaeda
2010:Citrus
1774:Canker
1726:Neroli
1650:Chūhai
1638:Drinks
1614:Citrus
1149:Tangor
1099:Setoka
1069:Reikou
1059:Ponkan
1049:Pompia
939:Laraha
919:Kiyomi
909:Kinnow
884:Kanpei
864:Kabosu
859:Kabbad
844:Jabara
839:Iyokan
814:Hebesu
804:Haruka
779:Encore
769:Daidai
689:Alemow
662:Orange
637:Major
623:Pomelo
588:Citron
566:Citrus
404:
376:Kabosu
336:Citrus
309:Citrus
293:Citrus
152:alemow
102:pomelo
98:citron
72:Citrus
64:kabosu
48:Papeda
39:Citrus
30:Papeda
1338:group
954:Lumia
879:Kalpi
652:Lemon
573:True
514:var.
510:x C.
477:var.
473:x C.
383:Notes
370:sport
315:var.
299:var.
283:var.
271:var.
255:var.
239:var.
178:; G:
174:; O:
170:; S:
158:; M:
154:; V:
150:; A:
1751:Zest
1189:Yuzu
1184:Yūkō
929:Koji
657:Lime
402:ISBN
346:Yuzu
56:yuzu
188:Kew
138:SNP
136:of
134:PCA
32:or
2006::
424:.
311:x
295:x
104:,
100:,
82:.
66:,
62:,
58:,
54:,
1627:/
1616:)
1395:)
1390:×
1388:(
669:)
665:(
558:e
551:t
544:v
527:.
518:"
490:.
481:"
453:.
439:.
410:.
372:)
264:)
248:)
182:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
