308:
rambunctious pets or cats with claws, as they may injure them. If not properly socialized, Papillons can be distrustful and exhibit aggressive tendencies toward other dogs and people. Papillons may also be very playful and affectionate. Widely known as great companion dogs, they have the spirit and energy to keep up with active families, but can also be calm enough to be happy with sleeping in the arms of an equally affectionate owner. Due to their high energy level, they demand an augmented exercise routine, relative to the average companion breed. Papillons are known as excellent watchdogs, as they will alert their owner to changes in their environment. They may be considered garrulous like many other toy dogs. They can withstand heat, but are more sensitive to cold temperatures because of their single-coated fur, and should not be left outside unattended in cold weather.
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The
American Kennel Club breed standard indicates a conformance fault that may be penalized: failure of the non-white color to cover the front and back of both ears and to extend from the ears over both eyes. Not penalized are a slight extension of the white collar onto the base of the ears, or a few
616:
The "Titian spaniels" and those portrayed by later artists through
Mignard and his contemporaries had the drooping ears characteristic of today's PhalĂšne; the erect-eared appearance did not become fashionable until the end of the 19th century. The Titian spaniels were also exclusively red-and-white
523:
Play will take care of a lot of their exercise needs; however, as with all breeds, play is not sufficient for all exercise. Daily walks or runs are an excellent way to exercise a
Papillon. They also enjoy a good romp in a safe open area off leash, such as a large, fenced yard. Papillons are a very
467:
The temperament of
Papillons is that of a happy, friendly, adventurous dog. They are generally neither shy nor aggressive. Papillons can make excellent family dogs, but should be watched around little children, as should any dog, due to a small child's lack of understanding of a dog's behavior and
643:
The
Papillon is still officially referred to as the Epagneul Nain (ENC) in non-English-speaking countries. The name Squirrel Spaniel also has been used, most likely referring to an earlier standard in which the tail set is described as "curling over the back as a squirrel's". One version of the
307:
Papillons are very intelligent and self-assured dogs that have a very easy time learning new tricks. These dogs can be sociable with children and strangers, but are generally reserved around new people. They can also be socialized to get along well with other pets, but care should be taken with
648:
based on the impressively large, erect ears that resembled the wings of a butterfly. The drop-eared variety of the breed came to be called the PhalĂšne (which means "night moth"). Both types are still bred today and appear in the same litter. The papillon variety is much more common, although
644:
history of the two varieties of ear shape in the ENC ("papillon" to denote the erect ear and "phalĂšne" to denote the dropped ear) is that toward the end of the 19th century, breed fanciers bred a version of the spaniel whose ears stood up. This dog was said to have been nicknamed
652:
The
Papillon was first recognized by the AKC in 1935 with the formation of the Papillon Club of America. By the end of World War 2, the club was no longer functioning, but it was reactivated in 1948, with its first postwar specialty held in September 1954. In 1999, Ch.
661:. Kirby also won international success for the breed by taking the World Dog Show in Helsinki, Finland, and the Royal Invitational in Canada in 1998. Papillons also enjoy success today in competitive fields outside of conformation, including obedience and agility.
319:
The most iconic aspect of
Papillons are their ears, which are large and well fringed, giving them a butterfly-wing-like appearance. Papillons are particolored or white with patches of any color. An all-white dog or a dog with no white is disqualified from the
324:
ring. A blaze (area of white extending down between the eyes) and noseband is preferred over a solid-colored head, but not required. Nose, eye rims, and lips should be black. Paw pads vary in color from black to pink, depending on the coloring of the dog.
691:
468:
the likelihood that they will do something to upset the dog. Given the intelligence of
Papillons, they require rigorous training and mental stimulation to prevent behavioral issues arising from boredom. According to Dr
636:
still called the
Papillon House. Marie Antoinette's dog was said to have descended from a very old drop-eared breed known as the Epagneul Nain, or Continental Dwarf/Toy Spaniel that appeared in church
1188:
887:
628:
clutching her small dog under her arm, likely an apocryphal tale. However, tradition has it that Marie
Antoinette's dog was a small spaniel that had been brought to the French court from
1023:
962:
279:
spaniels, it derives its name from its characteristic butterfly-like look of the long and fringed hair on the ears. A Papillon with dropped ears is called a
657:(call name "Kirby") owned and handled by John Oulton of Norwalk, Connecticut, became the first Papillon to win the prestigious "Best in Show" at the annual
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McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (February 1, 2024).
601:. Papillons are also in paintings of royal families around Europe and paintings of merchant-class families. The breed was popular in
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The history of the Papillon is traced through works of art. The earliest toy spaniels resembling the papillon are found in Italy.
658:
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A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14.5 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
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455:-like ears of the PhalĂšne. The PhalĂšne are likely a throwback to their spaniel ancestors. The American Kennel Club and the
2135:
196:
1924:
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Two ear variations of this breed are seen, the completely upright ears of the more common Papillon, and the dropped
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In 2019, Planet Waves Forever Young Daydream Believers (call name "Dylan") became the first Papillon to win
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Fédération Cynologique Internationale Group 9 Companion and Toy Dogs, Section 9 Continental Toy Spaniel
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on the back of pack mules. According to the story, her pup was spared and cared for in a building in
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The Papillon's history and long association with royalty have led to many stories about the breed.
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white hairs interspersed in the color â as long as "the butterfly appearance is not sacrificed".
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253:
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213:
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1991:
1904:
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571:
painted these small dogs in many famous paintings beginning around 1500, including the
447:
The papillon's large, butterfly-like ears and symmetrical face gave the breed its name.
2301:
2180:
2120:
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1945:
1535:
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806:
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2170:
2047:
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1976:
1864:
1721:
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1578:
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1354:
1304:
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in coloration, in contrast to the many recognized colorations of today's Papillon.
524:
active breed of dog and enjoy having a job to perform. Papillon breeders recommend
229:
1716:
559:
332:
as the following colors and markings, with types for show purposes indicated with
1078:
2240:
2200:
1746:
1703:
791:
525:
1026:
Papillon Club of America. Updated August 19, 2000. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
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2225:
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2027:
2001:
1846:
1751:
1623:
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735:
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17:
1663:
934:
593:, and Mignard. In a painting after Largillierre in the Wallace Collection in
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1940:
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2006:
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669:
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568:
101:
1069:. Anderson, David. Local Puppy Breeders. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
577:(1542). Other well-known artists who included them in paintings are
472:, an expert on animal intelligence, Papillons are among the top ten
911:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
753:
633:
629:
558:
543:
442:
310:
298:
1151:
649:
recently, the PhalĂšne has undergone a resurgence in popularity.
2062:
1667:
1206:
2235:
536:
for Papillons because of their intelligence and energy level.
265:
459:(FCI) consider the PhalĂšne and the Papillon the same breed.
2058:
1202:
1107:
The Westminster Kennel Club. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
1047:. Papillon Club of America. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
613:, which are considered countries of origin by the FCI.
1118:"Crufts 2019: Dylan the papillon crowned best in show"
597:, a Papillon is clearly shown in a family portrait of
503:
can be issues. Additionally, they can be at risk for
491:
Papillons have only minor health concerns, although
2015:
1969:
1933:
1855:
1702:
1622:
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1240:
207:
195:
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174:
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137:
127:
116:
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76:
51:
34:
1088:American Kennel Club. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
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954:
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1060:
921:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
2074:
1679:
1218:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
8:
992:. Barron's Educational Series. p. 352.
640:and paintings as early as the 13th century.
2081:
2067:
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1672:
1664:
1225:
1211:
1203:
965:. Papillon Club of America. Archived from
187:
108:
40:
31:
990:Encyclopedia of dog breeds second edition
942:
1187:) is being considered for deletion. See
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
476:, ranking 8th out of 138 breeds tested.
342:
290:
170:White with patches of anything but liver
823:
674:
2156:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
457:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
328:Papillons can be registered with the
247:
209:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
7:
1792:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange
832:"AKC Papillon Colors & Markings"
162:Straight, long, fine, single layered
86:Squirrel dog (due to tail carriage)
1787:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir
1483:Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
256:for 'butterfly'), also called the
25:
2328:Dog breeds originating in Belgium
1191:to help reach a consensus. âș
963:"Health Concerns of the Papillon"
315:A Papillion jumping at a dog show
2323:Dog breeds originating in France
1712:Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie
1067:"Papillon Dog Breed Information"
886:Bove, Lori (November 16, 2009).
773:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
659:Westminster Kennel Club dog show
1045:"Brief History of the Papillon"
1797:Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore
1772:Chien Français Blanc et Orange
624:is said to have walked to the
381:A: Black Brown White and Lemon
1:
2136:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
1405:Slovakian Roughhaired Pointer
144:8â10 pounds (3.6â4.5 kg)
1832:Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
1802:Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen
1767:Chien Français Blanc et Noir
154:7â9 pounds (3.2â4.1 kg)
1925:Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
1435:Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
888:"The AKC Papillon Standard"
857:AKC Papillon Breed Standard
509:intervertebral disk disease
505:progressive retinal atrophy
275:. One of the oldest of the
133:8â11 inches (20â28 cm)
123:8â11 inches (20â28 cm)
2349:
1350:Irish Red and White Setter
1335:German Shorthaired Pointer
1330:German Roughhaired Pointer
1103:December 25, 2007, at the
927:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
890:. Papillon Club of America
780:A tricolor Papillon puppy.
46:A sable and white Papillon
2279:
2096:
1822:Griffon Fauve de Bretagne
1340:German Wirehaired Pointer
1325:German Longhaired Pointer
1084:November 2, 2014, at the
655:Loteki Supernatural Being
223:
212:
200:
186:
177:
169:
161:
107:
69:Epagneul Nain Continental
39:
2106:Australian Silky Terrier
1817:Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
1777:Chien Français Tricolore
1737:Basset Fauve de Bretagne
1521:English Springer Spaniel
1458:Chesapeake Bay Retriever
1189:templates for discussion
988:Coile, Caroline (2005).
961:Zech, Elaine S. (2009).
303:A close up of a Papillon
2033:Grand Fauve de Bretagne
1762:Briquet Griffon Vendéen
1732:Basset Bleu de Gascogne
1727:Basset Artésien Normand
1501:American Cocker Spaniel
1098:"Best in Show Winners."
873:March 14, 2008, at the
287:Appearance and behavior
258:Continental Toy Spaniel
197:Société Centrale Canine
66:Continental Toy Spaniel
2261:Toy Manchester Terrier
1837:Petit Bleu de Gascogne
1807:Grand Bleu de Gascogne
1574:American Water Spaniel
1556:Welsh Springer Spaniel
1516:English Cocker Spaniel
1463:Curly-coated Retriever
564:
556:
555:with a PhalĂšne in 1737
448:
400:A: Red White and Sable
384:A: Black Red and White
316:
304:
296:
1956:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
1885:Braque du Bourbonnais
1812:Grand Griffon Vendéen
1638:English Water Spaniel
1468:Flat-coated Retriever
1275:Braque du Bourbonnais
1144:"Crufts 2019 Results"
1051:July 6, 2008, at the
562:
549:Queen Sophie Dorothea
547:
446:
314:
302:
294:
245:French pronunciation:
191:Kennel club standards
2186:King Charles Spaniel
1915:Pont-Audemer Spaniel
1895:Braque Saint-Germain
1870:Blue Picardy Spaniel
1694:Dogs originating in
1604:Portuguese Water Dog
1584:Cantabrian Water Dog
1541:Pont-Audemer Spaniel
1285:Braque Saint-Germain
1260:Blue Picardy Spaniel
563:A Papillon from 1915
330:American Kennel Club
2146:Chinese Crested Dog
1920:Saint-Usuge Spaniel
1782:Gascon Saintongeois
1757:Briquet de Provence
1653:Tweed Water Spaniel
1648:Old Spanish Pointer
1589:Irish Water Spaniel
1410:Small MĂŒnsterlĂ€nder
1400:Saint-Usuge Spaniel
1360:Large MĂŒnsterlĂ€nder
1310:Drentse Patrijshond
1079:"Papillon History."
412:A: White and Silver
2206:Miniature Pinscher
2166:Griffon Bruxellois
2038:King's White Hound
1880:Braque de l'Ariege
1478:Labrador Retriever
1390:Portuguese Pointer
1380:Perdigueiro Galego
1365:Old Danish Pointer
915:Scientific Reports
838:on August 22, 2014
797:List of dog breeds
676:Papillon portraits
565:
557:
534:obedience training
449:
409:A: White and Liver
387:A: Brown and White
374:S: Hound Tri-color
371:S: White and Sable
365:S: White and Lemon
362:S: White and Black
317:
305:
297:
295:A Papillon sitting
2295:
2294:
2271:Yorkshire Terrier
2176:Italian Greyhound
2056:
2055:
1987:Dogue de Bordeaux
1961:Pyrenean Sheepdog
1875:Braque d'Auvergne
1827:Griffon Nivernais
1661:
1660:
1609:Spanish Water Dog
1594:Lagotto Romagnolo
1440:Wirehaired Vizsla
1270:Braque d'Auvergne
768:A Papillon puppy.
493:patellar luxation
437:
436:
419:A: Black Markings
390:A: Fawn and White
322:conformation show
249:[papijÉÌ]
237:
236:
219:
218:
182:
181:
16:(Redirected from
2340:
2211:Miniature Poodle
2083:
2076:
2069:
2060:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1473:Golden Retriever
1415:Spinone Italiano
1227:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1154:on March 7, 2013
1150:. Archived from
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1124:. March 10, 2019
1114:
1108:
1095:
1089:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1055:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1004:
1003:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
969:on June 15, 2012
958:
949:
948:
946:
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
883:
877:
865:
859:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
834:. Archived from
828:
777:
765:
756:
747:
738:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
684:
622:Marie Antoinette
368:S: White and Red
343:
336:for standard or
251:
246:
232:
226:
188:
109:
77:Common nicknames
54:
44:
32:
21:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2275:
2256:Toy Fox Terrier
2251:Tibetan Spaniel
2151:Coton de Tulear
2092:
2087:
2057:
2052:
2011:
1965:
1929:
1910:Picardy Spaniel
1890:Braque Francais
1851:
1698:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1643:Norfolk Spaniel
1618:
1560:
1546:Russian Spaniel
1511:Clumber Spaniel
1487:
1444:
1375:Picardy Spaniel
1300:Ca MĂš MallorquĂ
1280:Braque Français
1265:Bracco Italiano
1244:
1236:
1231:
1192:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1148:The Kennel Club
1142:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1105:Wayback Machine
1096:
1092:
1086:Wayback Machine
1077:
1073:
1065:
1058:
1053:Wayback Machine
1043:
1030:
1024:"Papillon FAQ."
1022:
1007:
1000:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
960:
959:
952:
908:
907:
903:
893:
891:
885:
884:
880:
875:Wayback Machine
866:
862:
855:
851:
841:
839:
830:
829:
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820:
788:
781:
778:
769:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
694:
685:
583:Gonzales Coques
574:Venus of Urbino
542:
530:rally obedience
521:
501:dental problems
482:
465:
431:A: Tan Markings
425:A: Red Markings
340:for alternate:
289:
244:
228:
224:
89:
72:
63:(drop ear type)
52:
47:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2318:Companion dogs
2315:
2310:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Pomeranian dog
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:French Bulldog
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Boston Terrier
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Biewer Terrier
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2054:
2053:
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2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:French Bulldog
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:French Spaniel
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1861:
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1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Beagle-Harrier
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
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1659:
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2048:Talbot Hound
2043:Norman Hound
2023:Braque Dupuy
1996:
1977:Bichon Frise
1722:Artois Hound
1633:Braque Dupuy
1395:Pudelpointer
1355:Irish Setter
1305:Cesky Fousek
1182:
1156:. Retrieved
1152:the original
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2201:Maltese dog
1704:Scenthounds
1177:âč The
792:Dogs portal
526:dog agility
486:crossbreeds
463:Temperament
178:12-15 years
53:Other names
2313:FCI breeds
2302:Categories
2266:Toy Poodle
2191:Lhasa Apso
2028:Chien-gris
1847:Porcelaine
1752:Bloodhound
1614:Wetterhoun
1566:Water dogs
1450:Retrievers
1430:Weimaraner
818:References
626:guillotine
2221:Pekingese
2141:Chihuahua
1941:Beauceron
1717:Ariégeois
1420:Stabyhoun
1158:March 11,
1128:March 11,
935:2045-2322
599:Louis XIV
587:Fragonard
513:allergies
355:Markings
268:, of the
29:Dog breed
2333:Spaniels
2308:Toy dogs
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2090:Toy dogs
1997:Papillon
1900:Brittany
1857:Gun dogs
1842:Poitevin
1493:Spaniels
1290:Brittany
1242:Pointers
1194:Papillon
1179:template
1122:BBC News
1101:Archived
1082:Archived
1049:Archived
944:10834484
871:Archived
786:See also
646:papillon
519:Exercise
497:seizures
428:A: Sable
406:A: White
403:A: Sable
241:Papillon
214:standard
202:standard
35:Papillon
2226:PhalĂšne
2196:Löwchen
2126:Bolonka
2016:Extinct
2002:PhalĂšne
1982:Cursinu
1624:Extinct
1385:Pointer
1247:setters
1234:Gundogs
1181:below (
842:May 19,
812:Toy dog
802:Lap dog
638:frescos
611:Belgium
603:England
579:Watteau
553:Prussia
540:History
453:spaniel
352:Colors
349:Colors
346:Colors
281:Phalene
270:spaniel
260:, is a
151:Females
130:Females
98:Belgium
61:PhalĂšne
2287:Bichon
2284:Types:
2007:Poodle
1951:Briard
1865:Barbet
1696:France
1626:breeds
1599:Poodle
1579:Barbet
1425:Vizsla
1198:Curlie
1184:Curlie
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670:Crufts
609:, and
607:France
595:London
569:Titian
511:, and
499:, and
480:Health
393:A: Red
254:French
167:Colour
138:Weight
117:Height
112:Traits
102:France
94:Origin
1970:Other
1747:Billy
634:Paris
630:Spain
532:, or
262:breed
141:Males
120:Males
1245:and
1160:2019
1130:2019
994:ISBN
975:2012
931:ISSN
896:2012
844:2008
273:type
239:The
159:Coat
2236:Pug
1196:at
939:PMC
923:doi
668:at
551:of
277:toy
266:dog
264:of
225:Dog
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