2378:
2385:
3768:
1622:
3329:
3949:
3334:
129:
2371:
1616:
1610:
3828:
3774:
453:
3961:
111:
525:
in 1990 also concluded to a malformation, thinking the flattened side resulted from the tooth remaining attached too long to the inner wall of the tooth-socket. Serrated specimens of the type would thus simply be deviant dromaeosaurid teeth; however, unserrated teeth might represent a separate taxon
521:. Jaws from adult individuals bearing identical teeth have never been found. Marsh already suggested such teeth were pathological, having formed when the first teeth of the lower jaws by accident grew back-to-back to each other on the mandible suture.
375:. It is a tooth about one centimetre long, elongated, recurved, lacking serrations, possessing low vertical ridges and with a D-shaped cross-section, the inner side being flattened. Cope at first thought the tooth belonged to a
509:, though it could also be another kind of coelurosaurian theropod. While most researchers have therefore considered it simply represents indeterminate theropod teeth, a small consensus has found them to be
2377:
703:
Currie, P.J., Rigby, Jr., J.K., and Sloan, R.E., 1990, "Theropod teeth from the Judith River
Formation of southern Alberta, Canada", pp. 107–125 in: K. Carpenter and P. J. Currie (eds.),
3986:
3893:
4021:
4046:
3991:
733:
Sankey, J.T., D.B. Brinkman, M. Guenther, and P.J. Currie, 2002, "Small theropod and bird teeth from the Judith River Group (late
Campanian), Alberta",
3996:
3880:
4041:
768:
4036:
1621:
3767:
4011:
598:
3328:
2384:
467:
A very large number of other specimens matching these teeth in some or all aspects of their anatomy have been referred to
3939:
336:, which include "buckets" of teeth from many disparate times and places but no other remains, and should be considered a
2370:
128:
4001:
3333:
4016:
471:. Some of these included serrated teeth, low teeth and teeth without a flattened side. These teeth of the general "
1615:
672:
A Revision of the
Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2
4031:
4026:
1561:
761:
637:
Cope, E.D., 1876, "On some extinct
Reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana",
1914:
859:
1609:
3453:
2318:
3848:
3831:
3430:
3374:
356:
428:
by George
Olshevsky in 1991. It is based on holotype YPM 10624, a tooth close in form to the holotype of
3919:
3690:
1940:
1505:
421:
3661:
683:
Olshevsky, G., Ford, T.L. & Yamamoto, S., 1995, "The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids",
4006:
3981:
3773:
754:
387:
3953:
2722:
2217:
2083:
1718:
348:
337:
232:
568:
475:" type have been reported from a wide variety of times and places, including the Early Cretaceous
3718:
2850:
2799:
2446:
2186:
1409:
886:
620:
Cope, E.D., 1876, "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of
Montana",
527:
123:
2627:
2547:
3924:
3618:
3002:
3906:
3898:
3570:
2829:
2557:
2072:
1857:
1461:
828:
445:
3911:
3965:
3801:
3726:
3668:
3261:
3152:
2859:
2537:
2261:
2240:
1550:
1484:
1391:
1028:
522:
510:
3748:
3741:
3704:
3625:
3609:
3189:
3161:
2808:
2436:
2295:
2226:
2098:
2061:
1903:
1888:
1807:
1763:
1742:
1519:
1398:
1355:
1180:
1111:
844:
560:
555:
502:
498:
403:
30:
3791:
3733:
3697:
3594:
3526:
3501:
3474:
3442:
3086:
3056:
2921:
2760:
2678:
2567:
2307:
2233:
2196:
1694:
1491:
1250:
1146:
1085:
1064:
518:
716:
Hwang, S.H. 2005. "Phylogenetic patterns of enamel microstructure in dinosaur teeth."
3975:
3811:
3806:
3675:
3535:
3419:
3363:
3042:
2961:
2905:
2875:
2822:
2815:
2701:
2692:
2476:
2456:
1999:
1988:
1874:
1843:
1800:
1749:
1735:
1429:
1161:
1139:
1124:
1042:
476:
411:
68:
3821:
3683:
3410:
3284:
3277:
3216:
3134:
2867:
2746:
2658:
2607:
2577:
2526:
2466:
2284:
2137:
2122:
2107:
2041:
1929:
1881:
1793:
1683:
1538:
1498:
1477:
1470:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1383:
1368:
1304:
1261:
1222:
1092:
1071:
1002:
980:
581:
532:
434:
399:
391:
344:
329:
241:
212:
3646:
3556:
3491:
3232:
3182:
3113:
3065:
2890:
2836:
2784:
2731:
2617:
2587:
2506:
2270:
2020:
2010:
1673:
1512:
1277:
1236:
1207:
1200:
1168:
1078:
1012:
952:
939:
898:
777:
43:
3871:
452:
3711:
3579:
3386:
3270:
3240:
3207:
3175:
3141:
3127:
3120:
2944:
2914:
2708:
2668:
2597:
2486:
2415:
2402:
2330:
2277:
2153:
2130:
2115:
2051:
1978:
1866:
1836:
1829:
1772:
1728:
1422:
1311:
1295:
1284:
1243:
1229:
1193:
1154:
1132:
506:
457:
416:
376:
294:
186:
88:
53:
414:
stage, 66 million years ago) and was originally referred to the mammal genus
3816:
3796:
3632:
3587:
3549:
3542:
3099:
3032:
3012:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2776:
2769:
2738:
2203:
2030:
1822:
1704:
1376:
1318:
1270:
1214:
1100:
969:
871:
819:
484:
364:
199:
140:
93:
37:
110:
3865:
3639:
3511:
3168:
3106:
2928:
2882:
2496:
2247:
2171:
1815:
1779:
1325:
1057:
810:
801:
549:
494:
368:
315:
312:
173:
160:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
3885:
3653:
3399:
3247:
3072:
2647:
1957:
1786:
1652:
1639:
1573:
407:
395:
379:, but in the same year realised it represented a carnivorous dinosaur.
360:
98:
73:
3224:
3022:
2637:
2516:
991:
795:
571:
e.a., be synonymous with the elongated, so-called "Type A", teeth of
333:
150:
3842:
1049:
480:
451:
325:
322:
318:
3351:
3296:
3846:
3349:
2400:
1637:
937:
788:
750:
585:
tooth genus is also sometimes considered a (junior) synonym of
553:, another tooth taxon, itself often considered synonymous with
536:, a troodontid known from juveniles with serration-less teeth.
746:
639:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
622:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
530:, showed that the tooth enamel is identical to that found in
539:
Several taxa have on occasion been considered synonyms of
654:
Marsh, O.C., 1889, "Discovery of
Cretaceous mammalia",
517:
are all small, and may have come from various juvenile
3937:
3606:
3567:
3523:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3258:
3204:
3083:
3053:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2968:
2957:
2902:
2847:
2796:
2757:
2719:
2689:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2522:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2304:
2258:
2214:
2183:
2166:
2095:
2079:
2068:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1995:
1984:
1974:
1926:
1900:
1854:
1760:
1715:
1700:
1690:
1679:
1669:
1547:
1352:
1025:
1008:
998:
987:
976:
965:
284:
271:
248:
3855:
3605:
3566:
3522:
3472:
3441:
3418:
3409:
3385:
3362:
3295:
3257:
3203:
3151:
3082:
3052:
2942:
2901:
2846:
2795:
2756:
2718:
2688:
2413:
2329:
2303:
2294:
2257:
2213:
2182:
2151:
2094:
1955:
1925:
1899:
1853:
1759:
1714:
1650:
1572:
1546:
1537:
1460:
1408:
1351:
1294:
1260:
1179:
1110:
1023:
950:
897:
870:
843:
547:was in 1876 by Cope described as being similar to
705:Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches
432:but somewhat larger. In 1995 Olshevsky renamed
762:
363:, dating to 75 million years ago, during the
8:
3987:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
3843:
3480:
3415:
3391:
3359:
3346:
3091:
2950:
2425:
2421:
2410:
2397:
2300:
2159:
1967:
1963:
1662:
1658:
1647:
1634:
1543:
1414:
1360:
1348:
1185:
1116:
1034:
958:
947:
934:
876:
849:
840:
785:
769:
755:
747:
616:
614:
109:
20:
332:because of the fragmentary nature of the
3944:
656:American Journal of Science, 3rd series
610:
707:. Cambridge University Press, New York
443:; today the taxon is seen as based on
7:
4022:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
543:, though there is little consensus.
311:(meaning "beside claw tooth") was a
14:
4047:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
3992:Campanian genus first appearances
3959:
3947:
3827:
3826:
3772:
3766:
3332:
3327:
2383:
2376:
2369:
1620:
1614:
1608:
127:
3997:Maastrichtian genus extinctions
599:Timeline of troodontid research
579:holotype belongs. The Eurasian
567:would, according to a study by
1:
4042:Fossil taxa described in 1876
487:age 125 million years ago.
4063:
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3786:
3764:
3483:
3394:
3358:
3345:
3325:
3094:
2953:
2428:
2424:
2409:
2396:
2367:
2162:
1970:
1966:
1665:
1661:
1646:
1633:
1606:
1417:
1363:
1347:
1188:
1119:
1037:
961:
946:
933:
879:
852:
839:
784:
565:Richardoestesia isosceles
268:
263:
247:
240:
124:Scientific classification
122:
117:
108:
23:
513:. The teeth assigned to
4012:Paleontology in Montana
735:Journal of Paleontology
526:or taxa. One study, by
441:Paronychodon explanatus
424:in 1889, but placed in
4037:La Huérguina Formation
501:, a dromaeosaurid, an
493:has been considered a
464:
384:Paronychodon caperatus
357:Judith River Formation
353:Paronychodon lacustris
253:Paronychodon lacustris
3920:Paleobiology Database
1506:Paralitherizinosaurus
718:Journal of Morphology
670:Olshevsky, G., 1991,
483:, dating to the late
455:
422:Othniel Charles Marsh
685:Kyoryugaku Saizensen
575:, to which also the
388:Hell Creek Formation
386:, is known from the
2723:Patagopterygiformes
2218:Confuciusornithidae
2084:Scansoriopterygidae
1719:Scansoriopterygidae
349:Edward Drinker Cope
328:, often considered
118:Two referred teeth
4002:Maastrichtian life
2851:Songlingornithidae
2800:Hongshanornithidae
2187:Omnivoropterygidae
2099:Jeholornithiformes
1410:Therizinosauroidea
465:
382:A second species,
4017:Laramie Formation
3935:
3934:
3907:Open Tree of Life
3849:Taxon identifiers
3840:
3839:
3782:
3781:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3662:Lutetodontopteris
3571:Gastornithiformes
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3352:Aves / Neornithes
3341:
3340:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3297:Aves / Neornithes
3199:
3198:
2938:
2937:
2830:Parahongshanornis
2392:
2391:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2147:
2146:
2073:Archaeopterygidae
1951:
1950:
1858:Archaeopterygidae
1629:
1628:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1462:Therizinosauridae
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
929:
928:
925:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
829:Maniraptoriformes
446:Saurornitholestes
439:Cope 1876 into a
304:
303:
298:
281:
236:
4054:
4032:Fossils of Spain
4027:Cretaceous Spain
3964:
3963:
3962:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3928:
3927:
3915:
3914:
3902:
3901:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3844:
3830:
3829:
3802:Deinonychosauria
3777:
3776:
3770:
3727:Protodontopteryx
3669:Macrodontopteryx
3608:
3569:
3525:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3481:
3416:
3392:
3360:
3347:
3336:
3331:
3262:Cimolopterygidae
3260:
3206:
3153:Hesperornithidae
3092:
3085:
3055:
3040:
3030:
3020:
3010:
3000:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2959:
2951:
2904:
2849:
2798:
2759:
2721:
2691:
2676:
2666:
2656:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2615:
2605:
2595:
2585:
2575:
2565:
2555:
2545:
2535:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2411:
2398:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2306:
2301:
2262:Jinguofortisidae
2260:
2241:Eoconfuciusornis
2216:
2185:
2168:
2160:
2097:
2081:
2070:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1997:
1986:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1928:
1902:
1856:
1762:
1717:
1702:
1692:
1681:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1648:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1562:Oviraptorosauria
1551:Oviraptorosauria
1549:
1544:
1485:Nanshiungosaurus
1415:
1392:Jianchangosaurus
1361:
1354:
1349:
1186:
1117:
1035:
1029:Alvarezsauroidea
1027:
1010:
1000:
989:
978:
967:
959:
948:
935:
877:
850:
841:
834:
833:
786:
771:
764:
757:
748:
741:
731:
725:
714:
708:
701:
695:
681:
675:
668:
662:
652:
646:
635:
629:
618:
523:Philip J. Currie
511:Deinonychosauria
292:
286:
279:
273:
250:
231:
224:
211:
132:
131:
113:
103:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4051:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3923:
3918:
3910:
3905:
3897:
3892:
3884:
3879:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3851:
3841:
3836:
3778:
3771:
3754:
3749:Tympanonesiotes
3742:Pseudodontornis
3705:Palaeochenoides
3626:Caspiodontornis
3610:Pelagornithidae
3601:
3562:
3518:
3460:
3437:
3405:
3381:
3354:
3337:
3311:
3291:
3253:
3195:
3190:Parahesperornis
3162:Asiahesperornis
3147:
3078:
3048:
2947:
2934:
2897:
2842:
2809:Archaeornithura
2791:
2752:
2714:
2684:
2437:Archaeorhynchus
2418:
2405:
2388:
2375:
2345:
2325:
2296:Ornithothoraces
2290:
2253:
2227:Changchengornis
2209:
2178:
2156:
2143:
2090:
2062:Anchiornithidae
1960:
1947:
1921:
1915:Dromaeosauridae
1904:Dromaeosauridae
1895:
1889:Anchiornithidae
1849:
1808:Liaoningvenator
1764:Anchiornithidae
1755:
1743:Scansoriopteryx
1710:
1655:
1642:
1625:
1588:
1568:
1525:
1520:Therizinosaurus
1456:
1404:
1399:Lingyuanosaurus
1356:Therizinosauria
1331:
1290:
1256:
1181:Parvicursorinae
1175:
1112:Alvarezsauridae
1106:
1031:
1019:
955:
942:
913:
893:
866:
860:Avemetatarsalia
845:Avemetatarsalia
835:
791:
790:
780:
775:
745:
744:
732:
728:
715:
711:
702:
698:
682:
678:
669:
665:
653:
649:
636:
632:
619:
612:
607:
595:
556:Richardoestesia
519:deinonychosaurs
503:archaeopterygid
499:ornithomimosaur
404:Lance Formation
259:
256:
230:
222:
209:
126:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4060:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3956:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3916:
3903:
3890:
3877:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Archaeornithes
3787:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3734:Protopelicanus
3730:
3723:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3698:Osteodontornis
3694:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:Dromornithidae
3591:
3584:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3529:
3527:Dromornithidae
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3505:
3502:Perplexicervix
3495:
3484:
3478:
3475:Incertae sedis
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3454:Pangalliformes
3447:
3445:
3443:Pangalliformes
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3424:
3422:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3368:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3212:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3089:
3087:Hesperornithes
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3061:
3059:
3057:Ichthyornithes
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2966:
2954:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2922:Similiyanornis
2918:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2763:
2761:Ambiortiformes
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2679:Zhongjianornis
2672:
2662:
2652:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2568:Jianchangornis
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2319:Enantiornithes
2312:
2310:
2308:Enantiornithes
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2234:Confuciusornis
2230:
2222:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2197:Omnivoropteryx
2192:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2163:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1993:
1982:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1698:
1695:Pneumatoraptor
1688:
1677:
1666:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1492:Neimongosaurus
1488:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1251:Trierarchuncus
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1147:Bonapartenykus
1143:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1086:Shishugounykus
1082:
1075:
1068:
1065:Bonapartenykus
1061:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1006:
996:
985:
974:
962:
956:
951:
944:
943:
938:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
912:
911:
910:
909:
903:
901:
895:
894:
892:
891:
890:
889:
880:
874:
868:
867:
865:
864:
863:
862:
853:
847:
837:
836:
832:
831:
822:
813:
804:
798:
789:
782:
781:
776:
774:
773:
766:
759:
751:
743:
742:
726:
709:
696:
676:
663:
647:
630:
609:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
594:
591:
456:Comparison of
302:
301:
300:
299:
282:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
245:
244:
238:
237:
220:
216:
215:
207:
203:
202:
197:
190:
189:
184:
177:
176:
171:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
120:
119:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4059:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3945:
3941:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3833:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3812:Odontornithes
3810:
3808:
3807:Odontognathae
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3775:
3769:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3536:Barawertornis
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3432:
3431:Anserimorphae
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3420:Anserimorphae
3417:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3375:Palaeognathae
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3364:Palaeognathae
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3330:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3202:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3043:Tingmiatornis
3037:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:Antarcticavis
2956:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2906:Yanornithidae
2900:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:Songlingornis
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:Longicrusavis
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:Hongshanornis
2813:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2702:Mengciusornis
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2693:Schizoouridae
2687:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:Changzuiornis
2471:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:Brevidentavis
2451:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:Cretaaviculus
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1875:Archaeopteryx
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1844:Yixianosaurus
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1801:Fujianvenator
1798:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1736:Epidexipteryx
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:Beipiaosaurus
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:Heptasteornis
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1140:Alvarezsaurus
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:Achillesaurus
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1043:Achillesaurus
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1004:
997:
994:
993:
986:
983:
982:
975:
972:
971:
964:
963:
960:
957:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
907:
906:
905:
904:
902:
900:
896:
888:
884:
883:
882:
881:
878:
875:
873:
869:
861:
857:
856:
855:
854:
851:
848:
846:
842:
838:
830:
826:
823:
821:
817:
814:
812:
808:
805:
803:
799:
797:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
772:
767:
765:
760:
758:
753:
752:
749:
739:
736:
730:
727:
723:
719:
713:
710:
706:
700:
697:
693:
689:
686:
680:
677:
673:
667:
664:
660:
657:
651:
648:
644:
640:
634:
631:
627:
623:
617:
615:
611:
604:
600:
597:
596:
592:
590:
588:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:dromaeosaurid
559:, a possible
558:
557:
552:
551:
546:
542:
537:
535:
534:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:Una Formation
474:
470:
463:
459:
454:
450:
448:
447:
442:
438:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
413:
412:Maastrichtian
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
314:
310:
309:
296:
291:
290:
283:
278:
277:
270:
269:
267:
262:
255:
254:
246:
243:
239:
234:
229:
228:
221:
218:
217:
214:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3954:Paleontology
3857:Paronychodon
3856:
3822:Unenlagiidae
3747:
3740:
3732:
3725:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3684:Odontopteryx
3682:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3510:
3500:
3490:
3473:
3411:Galloanserae
3398:
3285:Lamarqueavis
3283:
3278:Cimolopteryx
3276:
3269:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3217:Australornis
3215:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3140:
3135:Pasquiaornis
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3071:
3064:
3041:
3031:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2971:
2960:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2889:
2881:
2874:
2868:Piscivoravis
2866:
2858:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2747:Patagopteryx
2745:
2737:
2730:
2707:
2700:
2677:
2667:
2659:Xinghaiornis
2657:
2646:
2636:
2626:
2616:
2608:Khinganornis
2606:
2596:
2586:
2578:Jiuquanornis
2576:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2527:Gargantuavis
2525:
2515:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2467:Changmaornis
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2374:
2285:Jinguofortis
2283:
2276:
2269:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2202:
2195:
2169:
2138:Neimengornis
2136:
2129:
2123:Jixiangornis
2121:
2114:
2108:Dalianraptor
2106:
2082:
2071:
2060:
2050:
2042:Yandangornis
2040:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1998:
1987:
1977:
1941:Troodontidae
1930:Troodontidae
1887:
1882:Wellnhoferia
1880:
1873:
1865:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1799:
1794:Eosinopteryx
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1703:
1693:
1684:Palaeopteryx
1682:
1672:
1613:
1539:Pennaraptora
1518:
1511:
1504:
1499:Nothronychus
1497:
1490:
1483:
1478:Erlikosaurus
1476:
1471:Erliansaurus
1469:
1451:Suzhousaurus
1449:
1444:Martharaptor
1442:
1437:Enigmosaurus
1435:
1428:
1421:
1397:
1390:
1384:Fukuivenator
1382:
1375:
1369:Eshanosaurus
1367:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1305:Albertonykus
1303:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:Ceratonykini
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1223:Nemegtonykus
1221:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1099:
1093:Tugulusaurus
1091:
1084:
1077:
1072:Haplocheirus
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1011:
1003:Migmanychion
1001:
990:
981:Fukuivenator
979:
968:
824:
815:
806:
740:(4): 751-763
737:
734:
729:
721:
717:
712:
704:
699:
691:
687:
684:
679:
671:
666:
658:
655:
650:
642:
638:
633:
625:
621:
587:Paronychodon
586:
582:Euronychodon
580:
577:Paronychodon
576:
573:Paronychodon
572:
569:Julia Sankey
564:
554:
548:
545:Paronychodon
544:
541:Paronychodon
540:
538:
533:Byronosaurus
531:
515:Paronychodon
514:
491:Paronychodon
490:
489:
473:Paronychodon
472:
469:Paronychodon
468:
466:
462:P. lacustris
461:
460:teeth; K is
444:
440:
433:
430:P. lacustris
429:
426:Paronychodon
425:
415:
400:South Dakota
392:North Dakota
383:
381:
372:
371:is specimen
352:
351:in 1876, is
345:type species
342:
308:Paronychodon
307:
306:
305:
289:P. caperatus
288:
287:
276:P. lacustris
275:
274:
252:
251:
242:Type species
227:Paronychodon
226:
225:
213:Troodontidae
193:
180:
167:
25:Paronychodon
24:
18:
4007:Lance fauna
3982:Troodontids
3719:Proceriavis
3691:Odontoptila
3647:Gigantornis
3557:Ilbandornis
3492:Asteriornis
3233:Neogaeornis
3183:Hesperornis
3114:Chupkaornis
3066:Ichthyornis
2891:Yixianornis
2837:Tianyuornis
2785:Palintropus
2732:Alamitornis
2618:Meemannavis
2588:Juehuaornis
2507:Eogranivora
2447:Bellulornis
2271:Chongmingia
2021:Overoraptor
2011:Fukuipteryx
1674:Imperobator
1513:Segnosaurus
1278:Ceratonykus
1237:Parvicursor
1208:Khulsanurus
1201:Jaculinykus
1169:Patagonykus
1079:Patagonykus
1013:Yaverlandia
953:Maniraptora
940:Maniraptora
899:Maniraptora
778:Maniraptora
528:Sunny Hwang
367:stage. The
355:, from the
347:, named by
36:75–66
3976:Categories
3790:See also:
3712:Pelagornis
3580:Brontornis
3387:Neognathae
3306:see below↓
3271:Ceramornis
3241:Polarornis
3208:Vegaviidae
3176:Fumicollis
3142:Potamornis
3128:Judinornis
3121:Enaliornis
2945:Ornithurae
2915:Abitusavis
2709:Schizooura
2669:Yumenornis
2628:Platanavis
2598:Kaririavis
2548:Horezmavis
2487:Chaoyangia
2416:Euornithes
2403:Euornithes
2340:see below↓
2331:Euornithes
2278:Cratonavis
2154:Pygostylia
2131:Kompsornis
2116:Jeholornis
2052:Zhongornis
1979:Alcmonavis
1867:Alcmonavis
1837:Xiaotingia
1830:Serikornis
1773:Anchiornis
1729:Ambopteryx
1583:see below↓
1423:Alxasaurus
1312:Linhenykus
1296:Mononykini
1285:Xixianykus
1244:Qiupanykus
1230:Ondogurvel
1194:Dzharaonyx
1155:Bradycneme
1133:Alnashetri
908:see below↓
811:Dinosauria
605:References
507:troodontid
458:troodontid
437:explanatus
417:Tripriodon
377:plesiosaur
338:form taxon
321:. It is a
280:Cope, 1876
258:Cope, 1876
187:Saurischia
174:Dinosauria
3966:Dinosaurs
3817:Sauriurae
3797:Carinatae
3633:Cyphornis
3619:Aequornis
3588:Gastornis
3550:Genyornis
3543:Dromornis
3100:Baptornis
3033:Limenavis
3013:Iaceornis
3003:Guildavis
2993:Gallornis
2983:Cerebavis
2973:Apatornis
2777:Apsaravis
2770:Ambiortus
2739:Kuszholia
2204:Sapeornis
2031:Rahonavis
1823:Pedopenna
1705:Rahonavis
1377:Falcarius
1319:Mononykus
1271:Albinykus
1101:Xiyunykus
970:Elopteryx
887:Theropoda
872:Theropoda
820:Theropoda
794:Kingdom:
724:: 208-240
690:: 92-119/
645:: 340-359
628:: 248-261
485:Barremian
373:AMNH 3018
365:Campanian
200:Theropoda
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
3872:Q2193022
3866:Wikidata
3832:Category
3640:Dasornis
3512:Qinornis
3169:Canadaga
3107:Brodavis
2929:Yanornis
2883:Yanornis
2860:Hollanda
2558:Iteravis
2538:Hollanda
2497:Dingavis
2248:Yangavis
2172:Proornis
1816:Ostromia
1780:Aurornis
1326:Shuvuuia
1058:Bannykus
802:Chordata
800:Phylum:
796:Animalia
593:See also
550:Zapsalis
505:, and a
495:coelurid
410:(latest
369:holotype
316:dinosaur
313:theropod
297:, 1890 )
264:Species
206:Family:
161:Chordata
157:Phylum:
151:Animalia
137:Domain:
3940:Portals
3912:4947137
3899:1019101
3886:4822821
3654:Laornis
3400:Neoaves
3248:Vegavis
3073:Janavis
2648:Wyleyia
1958:Avialae
1787:Caihong
1653:Paraves
1640:Paraves
1574:Paraves
694:: 75-99
661:: 81-92
449:teeth.
435:Laelaps
408:Wyoming
396:Montana
361:Montana
334:fossils
330:dubious
219:Genus:
3225:Maaqwi
3023:Kookne
2638:Vorona
2517:Gansus
1989:Balaur
992:Kakuru
674:pp 196
398:, and
235:, 1876
3925:38565
3894:IRMNG
1050:Aorun
825:Clade
816:Clade
807:Clade
497:, an
481:Spain
326:taxon
323:tooth
319:genus
295:Marsh
194:Clade
181:Clade
168:Clade
3881:GBIF
3676:Manu
3452:see
3429:see
3373:see
2317:see
1939:see
1913:see
1560:see
885:see
858:see
402:and
343:The
233:Cope
44:PreꞒ
1215:Kol
722:266
479:of
420:by
406:of
390:of
359:of
3978::
3922::
3909::
3896::
3883::
3868::
1750:Yi
827::
818::
809::
738:76
720:,
692:10
659:38
643:28
641:,
626:28
624:,
613:^
589:.
563:.
394:,
340:.
196::
183::
170::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
3942::
3737:?
3722:?
3679:?
3657:?
3607:†
3598:?
3583:?
3568:†
3524:†
3515:?
3508:†
3498:†
3488:†
3288:?
3259:†
3236:?
3228:?
3220:?
3205:†
3084:†
3054:†
3039:†
3029:†
3019:†
3009:†
2999:†
2989:†
2979:†
2969:†
2965:?
2958:†
2903:†
2894:?
2886:?
2871:?
2863:?
2848:†
2797:†
2788:?
2780:?
2758:†
2742:?
2720:†
2690:†
2675:†
2665:†
2655:†
2651:?
2644:†
2634:†
2624:†
2614:†
2604:†
2594:†
2584:†
2574:†
2564:†
2554:†
2544:†
2534:†
2530:?
2523:†
2513:†
2503:†
2493:†
2483:†
2473:†
2463:†
2453:†
2443:†
2433:†
2305:†
2259:†
2215:†
2189:?
2184:†
2174:"
2170:"
2167:†
2126:?
2111:?
2096:†
2087:?
2080:†
2076:?
2069:†
2065:?
2058:†
2048:†
2038:†
2034:?
2027:†
2017:†
2007:†
2003:?
1996:†
1992:?
1985:†
1975:†
1927:†
1901:†
1892:?
1870:?
1855:†
1811:?
1761:†
1721:?
1716:†
1701:†
1691:†
1687:?
1680:†
1670:†
1548:†
1387:?
1372:?
1353:†
1218:?
1172:?
1150:?
1128:?
1096:?
1053:?
1026:†
1016:?
1009:†
999:†
995:?
988:†
984:?
977:†
973:?
966:†
770:e
763:t
756:v
688:9
293:(
285:†
272:†
249:†
223:†
210:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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