108:
323:, which may also be united at the base, and taper towards the attachment of the anther. The filaments of the outer whorl of five stamens are 0.75 mm (0.030 in) long, while those of the inner whorl are around either 0.45 mm (0.018 in) or 0.55 mm (0.022 in) long. This results in the anthers falling into three distinct layers in the
494:
could be part of an early lineage of
Ericales that might have become extinct later. However, its floral features were also found in some other eudicot clades, and it could also be placed outside Ericales in the analysis.
602:
700:
562:
Schönenberger, Jürg; von
Balthazar, Maria; LĂłpez MartĂnez, Andrea; Albert, BĂ©atrice; Prieu, Charlotte; MagallĂłn, Susana & Sauquet, HervĂ© (2020).
687:
779:
774:
741:
287:
are less than 3.5 millimetres (0.14 in) long, which is typical for fossil flowers from the
Cretaceous. The flowers are organised into
784:
769:
517:
Jürg Schönenberger & Else Marie Friis (2001). "Fossil flowers of ericalean affinity from the Late
Cretaceous of Southern Sweden".
440:
481:
are found among the order
Ericales, but the authors could not assign the fossil to any single family, and therefore assigned it
455:, Schöneberger and Friis noted that the flowers had few features which would allow them to determine the relationships of
107:
296:
519:
435:
564:"Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm-wide data set: proof-of-concept and challenges ahead"
401:
621:
746:
655:
335:
found associated with the flowers are 10–14 micrometres (0.00039–0.00055 in) long, and appear to be
271:. The genus and species were described in 2001 and given an uncertain family placement within the order
222:
452:
619:
Jürg Schönenberger (2005). "Rise from the ashes – the reconstruction of charcoal fossil flowers".
536:
102:
705:
638:
593:
544:
630:
583:
575:
528:
474:
430:
383:
348:
145:
588:
563:
483:
367:), and were recovered by sieving sand and clay. The deposits are thought to be of Late
288:
132:
763:
490:
A 2020 phylogenetic analysis of a wide range of fossil angiosperm flowers found that
61:
634:
678:
36:
732:
469:
336:
258:
81:
46:
416:
403:
376:
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344:
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86:
642:
597:
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726:
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340:
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76:
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56:
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41:
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66:
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379:
332:
320:
262:
254:
649:
532:
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and the curved ovules are both seen in various families within the
316:
308:
292:
119:
473:), and some families, such as Ternstroemiaceae (now included in
653:
324:
307:, and become much thinner away from the thickened centre. The
429:). The specimens were described by Jürg Schöneberger and
327:. It is not known whether the difference is retained on
477:), show both. This suggests that closest relatives of
716:
662:
315:, at least at their bases; they are shaped like a
459:to other plants. The stamen arrangement seen in
8:
512:
510:
508:
487:(of uncertain placement) within the order.
650:
363:had been naturally fusanised (turned into
20:
587:
504:
7:
747:C83E093B-8672-FCD3-C06B-41B1CA5DFD2E
299:, and have as obtuse tip. They bear
339:, which is a characteristic of the
14:
441:Swedish Museum of Natural History
439:, and have been deposited at the
375:age, and are located in a former
16:Extinct genus of flowering plants
106:
1:
780:Fossil taxa described in 2001
775:Prehistoric angiosperm genera
635:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.07.006
351:, and the ovules are curved.
801:
568:American Journal of Botany
520:American Journal of Botany
436:American Journal of Botany
785:Monotypic Ericales genera
770:Enigmatic angiosperm taxa
228:
221:
103:Scientific classification
101:
23:
241:Schöneberger & Friis
201:Schöneberger & Friis
622:Trends in Plant Science
265:. Its only species is
319:. Each flower has 15
718:Paradinandra suecica
268:Paradinandra suecica
235:Paradinandra suecica
413: /
291:of five parts. The
32:Santonian–Campanian
451:In their original
311:are thought to be
757:
756:
656:Taxon identifiers
580:10.1002/ajb2.1538
574:(10): 1433–1448.
417:56.150°N 14.500°E
359:The specimens of
303:along the median
246:
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475:Pentaphylacaceae
431:Else Marie Friis
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257:plants from the
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29:Temporal range:
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613:Further reading
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533:10.2307/2657112
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492:P. suecica
449:
433:in 2001 in the
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357:
355:Biostratigraphy
283:The flowers of
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214:P. suecica
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629:(9): 436–443.
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608:
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527:(3): 467–480.
503:
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484:incertae sedis
448:
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422:56.150; 14.500
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317:bishop's mitre
313:fused together
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253:is a genus of
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333:Pollen grains
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223:Binomial name
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133:Tracheophytes
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26:
22:
19:
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664:Paradinandra
663:
626:
620:
571:
567:
557:
524:
518:
491:
489:
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479:Paradinandra
478:
468:
461:Paradinandra
460:
457:Paradinandra
456:
450:
434:
361:Paradinandra
360:
358:
347:bears three
284:
282:
267:
266:
250:Paradinandra
249:
248:
247:
234:
229:
213:
212:
196:Paradinandra
195:
194:
165:
152:
139:
126:
25:Paradinandra
24:
18:
603:Appendix S3
453:description
420: /
279:Description
146:Angiosperms
764:Categories
499:References
470:sensu lato
384:Höganäs AB
337:tricolpate
297:lanceolate
295:are free,
285:P. suecica
259:Cretaceous
679:Q21078890
382:owned by
373:Campanian
371:to Early
369:Santonian
345:gynoecium
329:flowering
301:trichomes
207:Species:
116:Kingdom:
733:Q7134159
727:Wikidata
673:Wikidata
643:16054859
598:33026116
549:11250825
465:Ericales
447:Taxonomy
365:charcoal
341:eudicots
273:Ericales
182:Ericales
172:Asterids
159:Eudicots
706:1259841
693:4906056
589:7702048
541:2657112
408:14°30′E
321:stamens
232:†
211:†
188:Genus:
178:Order:
120:Plantae
641:
596:
586:
547:
539:
405:56°9′N
396:Sweden
380:quarry
377:kaolin
349:styles
343:. The
309:petals
293:sepals
289:whorls
263:Sweden
255:fossil
742:IFPNI
701:IRMNG
537:JSTOR
392:SkĂĄne
388:Näsum
386:near
166:Clade
153:Clade
140:Clade
127:Clade
688:GBIF
639:PMID
594:PMID
545:PMID
305:vein
37:Preęž’
631:doi
584:PMC
576:doi
572:107
529:doi
325:bud
261:of
766::
744::
729::
703::
690::
675::
637:.
627:10
625:.
592:.
582:.
570:.
566:.
543:.
535:.
525:88
523:.
507:^
443:.
394:,
390:,
331:.
275:.
168::
155::
142::
129::
87:Pg
645:.
633::
605:.
600:.
578::
551:.
531::
467:(
398:(
192:â€
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:ęž’
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