519:
365:
111:
2038:
2049:
2056:
3450:
132:
4182:
635:
5417:
5411:
3455:
534:
2912:
5406:
2904:
5400:
4174:
2044:
2924:
2918:
4190:
714:
551:, suggested that it is one of the most massive dinosaurs ever discovered, with an estimated weight of 59 t (65 short tons). The complete right humerus measured 1.69 meters (5.5 feet) long which at the time of discovery was the longest known in a Cretaceous sauropod; this was surpassed in 2016 with the discovery of
596:
gave a length of 32 meters (105 feet) and an estimated weight of 65.3–72.5 tonnes (72–80 short tons). In 2016, using equations that estimate body mass based on the circumference of the humerus and femur of quadrupedal animals, it was given an estimated weight of ~50 t (55 short tons). In 2019
380:
in 1912, 1913 and 1914 had excavated fossils for Ernst
Stromer. In 2000, an American expedition was mounted to revisit the site. However, apparently Markgraf had already removed all more complete skeletons, leaving only limited remains behind. At a new site, the nearby Gebel Fagga, the expedition
605:
between 30 and 55 tonnes (33–60.6 short tons). In 2020 Molina-Perez and
Larramendi estimated the size of the animal at 27 meters (89 feet) and 30 tonnes (33 short tons).
974:
530:
Joshua Smith, who informally led the research team that found the dinosaur fossils, told an interviewer, "It was a truly enormous dinosaur by any reckoning."
5593:
381:
succeeded in locating a partial sauropod skeleton. It was identified by
Lacovara as a species new to science. It was named and described by Joshua B. Smith,
1140:
862:
5534:
506:
The large anterior dorsal vertebra 1912V11164, in 1932 by
Stromer referred to an undetermined "Giant Sauropod", was in 2001 tentatively referred to
835:
5608:
1044:"Determining the largest known land animal: A critical comparison of differing methods for restoring the volume and mass of extinct animals"
823:
The Lost
Dinosaurs of Egypt: The Astonishing and Unlikely True Story of One of the Twentieth Century's Greatest Paleontological Discoveries
5618:
5613:
474:. It consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull. It is incomplete, apart from bone fragments containing two fused posterior
2048:
2037:
2055:
3449:
1133:
1110:
5603:
4181:
870:
503:
tooth was discovered in between the clusters. The holotype is part of the collection of the Cairo
Geological Museum.
131:
993:
119:
5416:
5410:
895:
Burness, G.P. and
Flannery, T. (2001). "Dinosaurs, Dragonslayer, and Dwarfs: The Evolution of Maximal Body Size."
497:
dinosaur as it was disarticulated within an oval of eight metres length with the various bones being clustered. A
5598:
5623:
5453:
3454:
1228:
1126:
518:
364:
110:
429:
2911:
839:
810:
5474:
2923:
2903:
874:
570:
Scott
Hartman estimates an animal that is massive, but still smaller than the biggest titanosaurs such as
1011:
547:
is known, so its exact size is difficult to estimate. However, the limited material, especially the long
398:
5560:
5443:
5405:
5134:
1416:
5399:
4173:
2917:
626:
in its front tail vertebrae, and in possessing a relatively longer deltopectoral crest on its humerus.
402:
394:
4189:
2043:
5588:
5521:
1089:
929:
762:
746:
Smith JB, Lamanna MC, Lacovara KJ, Dodson P, Smith JR, Poole JC, Giegengack R, Attia Y (June 2001).
592:
estimated its length at 20+ meters (66+ ft), and its weight at 20 tonnes (24.2 short tons). In 2012
2119:
686:
593:
499:
406:
5174:
2246:
1066:
786:
643:
456:
428:" or "Stromer's tidal giant", in reference to the "paralic" tidal flats the animal lived on. The
382:
349:
126:
821:
Nothdurft, William; Joshua Smith; Matt Lamana; Ken
Lacovara; Jason Poole & Jen Smith, 2002,
5565:
5547:
5310:
4851:
3598:
3239:
2968:
2156:
955:
778:
564:
425:
5552:
5512:
5181:
5026:
4966:
4608:
4500:
4406:
4297:
4099:
4079:
4018:
3137:
2990:
2837:
2554:
2508:
2488:
2432:
1735:
1512:
1492:
1058:
945:
937:
770:
719:
537:
386:
377:
634:
5448:
5318:
5051:
4944:
4640:
4620:
4601:
4559:
4486:
4472:
4355:
4106:
4026:
3673:
3209:
3200:
3061:
3053:
2980:
2740:
2618:
2439:
2295:
2126:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1827:
1744:
1290:
1277:
1240:
1213:
1188:
1149:
598:
589:
584:
205:
30:
1093:
933:
766:
622:
in its larger size, the latter genus weighing only fifteen tons, possibly in not having
5325:
5240:
5122:
5067:
5017:
4829:
4822:
4768:
4740:
4695:
4668:
4543:
4508:
4450:
4377:
4290:
4054:
3933:
3905:
3884:
3869:
3791:
3764:
3582:
3566:
3532:
3375:
3174:
3046:
2872:
2611:
2590:
2539:
2531:
2383:
2376:
2283:
2182:
2170:
1978:
1950:
1787:
1758:
1751:
1697:
1611:
1597:
1581:
1556:
1386:
950:
917:
373:
808:
Dinosaurs: The Most
Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
747:
5582:
5368:
5353:
5332:
5248:
5208:
5196:
5166:
5115:
5087:
5060:
4981:
4958:
4906:
4837:
4761:
4727:
4716:
4654:
4573:
4536:
4515:
4465:
4443:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4362:
4327:
4304:
4246:
4113:
4092:
3960:
3951:
3940:
3919:
3898:
3876:
3819:
3696:
3633:
3517:
3340:
3316:
3282:
3253:
3246:
3225:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3111:
3102:
3039:
3031:
3024:
2954:
2941:
2858:
2782:
2725:
2704:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2582:
2561:
2480:
2457:
2304:
2261:
2163:
2140:
2112:
1943:
1936:
1884:
1780:
1717:
1708:
1590:
1464:
1432:
1400:
1361:
1343:
1322:
1070:
698:
610:
433:
68:
918:"A gigantic new dinosaur from Argentina and the evolution of the sauropod hind foot"
790:
533:
5376:
5346:
5339:
5276:
5217:
5143:
5075:
5033:
5002:
4988:
4973:
4951:
4935:
4869:
4858:
4809:
4790:
4783:
4661:
4647:
4633:
4587:
4580:
4551:
4522:
4458:
4399:
4341:
4334:
4283:
4276:
4239:
4221:
4208:
4136:
4120:
4061:
4047:
4011:
4004:
3990:
3968:
3862:
3854:
3847:
3826:
3798:
3746:
3732:
3718:
3703:
3654:
3575:
3547:
3540:
3359:
3348:
3325:
3307:
3232:
3218:
3125:
3082:
3075:
3017:
3010:
2773:
2688:
2496:
2446:
2418:
2411:
2390:
2362:
2348:
2268:
2212:
2191:
1877:
1765:
1669:
1625:
1618:
1570:
1542:
1503:
1329:
673:
672:. The mangrove ecosystem it inhabited was situated along the southern shore of the
572:
553:
440:
410:
390:
333:
299:
269:
253:
916:
González Riga BJ, Lamanna MC, Ortiz David LD, Calvo JO, Coria JP (January 2016).
5506:
5361:
5269:
5151:
5040:
4995:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4844:
4776:
4754:
4675:
4566:
4261:
4068:
4033:
3926:
3891:
3833:
3812:
3805:
3777:
3710:
3682:
3647:
3640:
3626:
3525:
3510:
3411:
3333:
3296:
3167:
3118:
2879:
2755:
2718:
2711:
2680:
2664:
2604:
2568:
2546:
2466:
2425:
2369:
2341:
2327:
2275:
2228:
2148:
2133:
2105:
1971:
1929:
1915:
1895:
1869:
1815:
1808:
1724:
1690:
1676:
1519:
1457:
1393:
1370:
1336:
1308:
692:
578:
559:
43:
5262:
5189:
5158:
4920:
4747:
4594:
4529:
4493:
4479:
4414:
4385:
4348:
4311:
4254:
3840:
3784:
3739:
3689:
3661:
3619:
3555:
3503:
3485:
3472:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3368:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3181:
3093:
3068:
2798:
2748:
2732:
2696:
2597:
2473:
2397:
2311:
2254:
2205:
1957:
1773:
1662:
1526:
1485:
1450:
1179:
748:"A giant sauropod dinosaur from an Upper Cretaceous mangrove deposit in Egypt"
709:
667:
662:
623:
471:
346:
237:
189:
88:
53:
5497:
470:, CGM 81119, was found in a layer of the Bahariya Formation, dating from the
447:
who first established the presence of dinosaur fossils in this area in 1911.
5225:
5107:
4913:
4392:
4370:
4319:
4040:
3997:
3983:
3725:
3418:
3404:
3289:
3003:
2851:
2844:
2575:
2524:
2087:
2074:
1989:
1964:
1922:
1801:
1641:
1408:
1350:
774:
650:
494:
444:
336:
221:
143:
93:
37:
1043:
959:
782:
657:
flat deposits containing in the form of fossil leaves and root systems, a
5491:
5233:
4899:
4709:
3912:
3753:
3612:
2865:
2355:
2198:
1908:
1683:
1655:
1563:
1478:
1471:
1378:
1315:
1197:
1173:
1062:
658:
478:
463:
452:
339:
176:
163:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
5539:
4269:
2673:
2517:
2404:
1862:
684:. It lived at approximately the same time and place as giant predators
681:
548:
486:
482:
437:
98:
73:
941:
4798:
3976:
1794:
1167:
475:
153:
5468:
1086:
Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Sauropods and Other Sauropodomorphs
975:"Biggest of the Big: a Critical Re-evaluation of the Mega-sauropod
1118:
979:
Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation"
633:
532:
517:
363:
353:
342:
5526:
5100:
1604:
680:
is the first dinosaur demonstrated to have inhabited a mangrove
654:
5472:
5432:
4206:
3470:
2939:
2072:
1275:
1160:
1122:
567:
estimated its length at around 26 m (85 ft) in 2006.
2762:
557:
which had a 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) humerus. Using
608:
From the formation another sauropod had already been known,
493:
type specimen shows evidence of having been scavenged by a
986:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
526:
to some humans, with some of the known material in white.
1088:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 267.
863:"'Tidal Giant' Roamed Coastal Swamps of Ancient Africa"
356:. It lived between 99.6 and 93.5 million years ago.
306:
5481:
5302:
5207:
5133:
5086:
5050:
5016:
4934:
4868:
4808:
4726:
4693:
4619:
4219:
4135:
4078:
3950:
3763:
3672:
3596:
3565:
3483:
3358:
3315:
3306:
3208:
3199:
3136:
3101:
3092:
2989:
2978:
2952:
2829:
2797:
2781:
2772:
2663:
2507:
2456:
2325:
2294:
2226:
2181:
2085:
1988:
1894:
1826:
1734:
1707:
1639:
1580:
1540:
1502:
1430:
1360:
1288:
1239:
1212:
481:, two anterior caudal vertebrae, both incomplete
416:. The generic name means "Stromer's tidal (Greek
973:Carpenter K (2006). Foster JR, Lucas SG (eds.).
897:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1134:
8:
345:discovered in coastal deposits in the Upper
802:
800:
5469:
5429:
5299:
5092:
5047:
4814:
4732:
4701:
4625:
4231:
4227:
4216:
4203:
4084:
3769:
3604:
3495:
3491:
3480:
3467:
3312:
3205:
3098:
2995:
2986:
2960:
2949:
2936:
2826:
2778:
2333:
2238:
2234:
2097:
2093:
2082:
2069:
1900:
1832:
1647:
1577:
1548:
1442:
1438:
1300:
1296:
1285:
1272:
1218:
1209:
1157:
1141:
1127:
1119:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
376:rediscovered the Gebel el Dist site where
109:
20:
16:Genus of a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur
949:
838:. Paleobiology Database. Archived from
727:
368:First caudal vertebra and other fossils
1084:Molina-Perez & Larramendi (2020).
1030:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
653:, scavenged skeleton was preserved in
522:Hypothetical scale diagram comparing
7:
911:
909:
642:with contemporaneous animals of the
332:(meaning "tidal giant") was a giant
5594:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa
1032:, Princeton University Press p. 209
459:since Romer's publication of 1935.
14:
5434:Topics in sauropodomorph research
5415:
5409:
5404:
5398:
4188:
4180:
4172:
3453:
3448:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2036:
712:
130:
1:
5609:Fossil taxa described in 2001
1051:Annals of the Carnegie Museum
434:Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach
861:Roach, John (May 31, 2001).
806:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012)
372:Joshua Smith in 1999 in the
871:National Geographic Society
5640:
5619:Taxa named by Matt Lamanna
5614:Taxa named by Peter Dodson
120:Egyptian Geological Museum
5439:
5428:
5396:
5298:
5095:
4817:
4735:
4704:
4628:
4234:
4230:
4215:
4202:
4169:
4087:
3772:
3607:
3498:
3494:
3479:
3466:
3446:
2998:
2963:
2948:
2935:
2899:
2825:
2336:
2241:
2237:
2100:
2096:
2081:
2068:
2034:
1903:
1835:
1650:
1551:
1445:
1441:
1303:
1299:
1284:
1271:
1221:
1208:
1156:
1042:Paul, Gregory S. (2019).
992:: 131–138. Archived from
305:
298:
127:Scientific classification
125:
117:
108:
23:
5454:List of sauropod species
1012:"The biggest of the big"
977:Amphicoelias fragillimus
867:National Geographic News
775:10.1126/science.1060561
836:"Paralititan Stromeri"
825:, Random House, 272 pp
646:
540:
527:
489:and a metacarpal. The
369:
5561:Paleobiology Database
5444:Sauropod neck posture
5135:Opisthocoelicaudiinae
1114:in the Dino Directory
811:Winter 2011 Appendix.
637:
536:
521:
451:represents the first
367:
1063:10.2992/007.085.0403
869:. Washington, D.C.:
414:Paralititan stromeri
311:Paralititan stromeri
5303:Dubious titanosaurs
2120:Chinshakiangosaurus
1094:2020dffs.book.....M
934:2016NatSR...619165G
767:2001Sci...292.1704S
696:, and the sauropod
687:Carcharodontosaurus
500:Carcharodontosaurus
399:Jason Charles Poole
387:Kenneth J. Lacovara
5604:Bahariya Formation
5175:Opisthocoelicaudia
2247:Archaeodontosaurus
1028:Paul, G.S., 2010,
922:Scientific Reports
903:(25): 14518-14523.
647:
644:Bahariya Formation
541:
528:
457:Bahariya Formation
455:reported from the
383:Matthew C. Lamanna
370:
350:Bahariya Formation
5576:
5575:
5548:Open Tree of Life
5475:Taxon identifiers
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5424:
5423:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5311:Bruhathkayosaurus
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5012:
5011:
4930:
4929:
4852:Panamericansaurus
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4198:
4197:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4131:
4130:
3599:Titanosauriformes
3592:
3591:
3462:
3461:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3240:Brachytrachelopan
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
2969:Haplocanthosaurus
2931:
2930:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2830:Dubious sauropods
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2321:
2320:
2222:
2221:
2157:Protognathosaurus
2064:
2063:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1635:
1634:
1536:
1535:
1426:
1425:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1016:Skeletal Drawings
942:10.1038/srep19165
630:Palaeoenvironment
403:Robert Giegengack
395:Jennifer R. Smith
325:
324:
294:
5631:
5599:Fossils of Egypt
5569:
5568:
5556:
5555:
5543:
5542:
5530:
5529:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5470:
5430:
5419:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5300:
5182:Pellegrinisaurus
5093:
5048:
5027:Bustingorrytitan
4967:Futalognkosaurus
4815:
4733:
4702:
4626:
4609:Diamantinasauria
4501:Pellegrinisaurus
4407:Jiangshanosaurus
4298:Baotianmansaurus
4232:
4228:
4217:
4204:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4176:
4100:Diamantinasaurus
4085:
4080:Diamantinasauria
4019:Jiangshanosaurus
3770:
3605:
3496:
3492:
3481:
3468:
3457:
3452:
3313:
3206:
3138:Rebbachisaurinae
3099:
2996:
2991:Rebbachisauridae
2987:
2961:
2950:
2937:
2926:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2838:Bothriospondylus
2827:
2779:
2555:Eomamenchisaurus
2509:Mamenchisauridae
2489:Lapparentosaurus
2433:Spinophorosaurus
2334:
2239:
2235:
2098:
2094:
2083:
2070:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2040:
1901:
1833:
1736:Massospondylidae
1648:
1578:
1549:
1513:Jaklapallisaurus
1493:Thecodontosaurus
1443:
1439:
1301:
1297:
1286:
1273:
1219:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1158:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1098:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1048:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1010:Hartman, Scott.
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
983:
970:
964:
963:
953:
913:
904:
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
873:. Archived from
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
842:on June 16, 2020
832:
826:
819:
813:
804:
795:
794:
761:(5522): 1704–6.
752:
743:
722:
720:Dinosaurs portal
717:
716:
715:
538:Life restoration
378:Richard Markgraf
308:
288:
281:
268:
252:
236:
220:
204:
135:
134:
113:
103:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5624:Cenomanian life
5579:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5564:
5559:
5551:
5546:
5538:
5533:
5525:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5477:
5467:
5458:
5449:Sauropod hiatus
5435:
5420:
5382:
5319:Campylodoniscus
5282:
5203:
5129:
5082:
5052:Nemegtosauridae
5046:
5008:
4945:Argentinosaurus
4926:
4864:
4804:
4722:
4698:
4681:
4641:Atsinganosaurus
4621:Lirainosaurinae
4615:
4602:Xianshanosaurus
4487:Normanniasaurus
4473:Narambuenatitan
4356:Dongyangosaurus
4224:
4211:
4194:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4151:
4127:
4107:Sarmientosaurus
4074:
4027:Phuwiangosaurus
3946:
3759:
3674:Brachiosauridae
3668:
3601:
3588:
3561:
3488:
3475:
3458:
3424:
3354:
3302:
3210:Dicraeosauridae
3201:Flagellicaudata
3187:
3132:
3088:
3062:Nopcsaspondylus
3054:Maraapunisaurus
2983:
2981:Diplodocimorpha
2974:
2957:
2944:
2927:
2909:
2901:
2885:
2809:
2793:
2768:
2741:Tehuelchesaurus
2659:
2619:Tienshanosaurus
2503:
2452:
2440:Tehuelchesaurus
2330:
2317:
2296:Vulcanodontidae
2290:
2231:
2218:
2177:
2127:Gongxianosaurus
2090:
2077:
2060:
2053:
2004:
1984:
1890:
1849:Jingshanosaurus
1841:Chuxiongosaurus
1828:Sauropodiformes
1822:
1745:Adeopapposaurus
1730:
1703:
1644:
1631:
1576:
1545:
1532:
1498:
1435:
1422:
1356:
1293:
1291:Sauropodomorpha
1280:
1278:Sauropodomorpha
1255:
1241:Sauropodomorpha
1235:
1229:Avemetatarsalia
1214:Avemetatarsalia
1204:
1189:Avemetatarsalia
1163:
1162:
1152:
1150:Sauropodomorpha
1147:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1027:
1023:
1009:
1008:
1004:
996:
981:
972:
971:
967:
915:
914:
907:
894:
890:
880:
878:
877:on June 5, 2001
860:
859:
855:
845:
843:
834:
833:
829:
820:
816:
805:
798:
750:
745:
744:
729:
718:
713:
711:
708:
638:Restoration of
632:
599:Gregory S. Paul
590:Gregory S. Paul
585:Argentinosaurus
516:
409:in 2001 as the
362:
321:
314:
287:
279:
266:
250:
234:
218:
206:Sauropodomorpha
202:
129:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
36:99.6–93.5
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5637:
5635:
5627:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5581:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5557:
5544:
5531:
5518:
5503:
5487:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5365:
5358:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5326:Clasmodosaurus
5322:
5315:
5306:
5304:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5241:Maxakalisaurus
5237:
5230:
5222:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5186:
5178:
5171:
5163:
5155:
5148:
5139:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5123:Quaesitosaurus
5119:
5112:
5104:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5072:
5068:Quaesitosaurus
5064:
5056:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5022:
5020:
5018:Saltasauroidea
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4963:
4955:
4948:
4940:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4830:Maxakalisaurus
4826:
4823:Adamantisaurus
4818:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4769:Epachthosaurus
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4741:Antarctosaurus
4736:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4705:
4699:
4696:Eutitanosauria
4694:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4672:
4669:Mansourasaurus
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4548:
4544:Tastavinsaurus
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4509:Petrobrasaurus
4505:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4451:Malarguesaurus
4447:
4440:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4378:Epachthosaurus
4374:
4367:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4316:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4291:Austroposeidon
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4225:
4220:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4055:Tangvayosaurus
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3965:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3934:Tastavinsaurus
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3906:Pukyongosaurus
3902:
3895:
3888:
3885:Liubangosaurus
3881:
3873:
3870:Liaoningotitan
3866:
3859:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3792:Astrophocaudia
3788:
3781:
3773:
3767:
3765:Somphospondyli
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3608:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3583:Lourinhasaurus
3579:
3571:
3569:
3567:Camarasauridae
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3544:
3537:
3533:Dashanpusaurus
3529:
3522:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3376:Dinheirosaurus
3372:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3330:
3321:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3212:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3175:Rebbachisaurus
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3115:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3047:Lavocatisaurus
3043:
3036:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2993:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2873:Qinlingosaurus
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2806:(see below ↓ )
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2790:(see below ↓ )
2787:
2785:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2612:Rhomaleopakhus
2608:
2601:
2594:
2591:Mamenchisaurus
2587:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2543:
2540:Chuanjiesaurus
2536:
2532:Cetiosauriscus
2528:
2521:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2384:Dashanpusaurus
2380:
2377:Cetiosauriscus
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:Zizhongosaurus
2280:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2185:
2183:Lessemsauridae
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:Tuebingosaurus
2167:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1979:Sefapanosaurus
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1951:Melanorosaurus
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1788:Massospondylus
1784:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1759:Glacialisaurus
1755:
1752:Coloradisaurus
1748:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1698:Tuebingosaurus
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1612:Pachysauriscus
1608:
1601:
1598:Gresslyosaurus
1594:
1586:
1584:
1582:Plateosauridae
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1557:Plateosauravus
1552:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1387:Chromogisaurus
1383:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1106:
1105:External links
1103:
1100:
1099:
1076:
1057:(4): 335–358.
1034:
1021:
1002:
999:on 2016-03-08.
965:
905:
888:
853:
827:
814:
796:
726:
725:
724:
723:
707:
704:
661:vegetation of
631:
628:
515:
512:
441:paleontologist
374:Bahariya Oasis
361:
358:
323:
322:
315:
303:
302:
296:
295:
277:
273:
272:
264:
257:
256:
248:
241:
240:
232:
225:
224:
216:
209:
208:
200:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
123:
122:
118:Humeri at the
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5636:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5523:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5431:
5427:
5418:
5414:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:Mongolosaurus
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:Macrurosaurus
5351:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5333:Hypselosaurus
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5249:Neuquensaurus
5246:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5209:Saltasaurinae
5206:
5199:
5198:
5197:Zhuchengtitan
5194:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:Dreadnoughtus
5164:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5116:Qingxiusaurus
5113:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Saltasauridae
5085:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5061:Nemegtosaurus
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4982:Mendozasaurus
4979:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:Dzharatitanis
4956:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4907:Gondwanatitan
4904:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4838:Muyelensaurus
4835:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:Chucarosaurus
4759:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:Colossosauria
4725:
4719:
4718:
4717:Menucocelsior
4714:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4692:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4655:Lirainosaurus
4652:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4574:Trigonosaurus
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4537:Ruyangosaurus
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4516:Pitekunsaurus
4513:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4466:Mnyamawamtuka
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4444:Magyarosaurus
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:Ligabuesaurus
4433:
4431:
4430:
4429:Laplatasaurus
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:Karongasaurus
4419:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:Dreadnoughtus
4360:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4328:Borealosaurus
4325:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:Barrosasaurus
4302:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:Aegyptosaurus
4244:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4175:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4114:Savannasaurus
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4093:Australotitan
4090:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:Australodocus
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3952:Euhelopodidae
3949:
3943:
3942:
3941:Triunfosaurus
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3920:Sauroposeidon
3917:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3899:Padillasaurus
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:Ligabuesaurus
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3820:Chubutisaurus
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3697:Brachiosaurus
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3634:Fushanosaurus
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:Bashunosaurus
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3456:
3451:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:Atlantosaurus
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3317:Apatosaurinae
3314:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3283:Smitanosaurus
3280:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:Dyslocosaurus
3251:
3249:
3248:
3247:Dicraeosaurus
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3226:Amargatitanis
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3161:Katepensaurus
3158:
3156:
3155:
3154:Itapeuasaurus
3151:
3149:
3148:
3147:Demandasaurus
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:Cathartesaura
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3103:Limaysaurinae
3100:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3040:Histriasaurus
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:Dzharatitanis
3029:
3027:
3026:
3025:Comahuesaurus
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2955:Diplodocoidea
2951:
2947:
2943:
2942:Diplodocoidea
2938:
2934:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2905:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:Gigantosaurus
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2783:Diplodocoidea
2780:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:Narindasaurus
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2705:Losillasaurus
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2654:Zigongosaurus
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:Yuanmousaurus
2644:
2642:
2641:
2640:Xinjiangtitan
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:Wamweracaudia
2630:
2628:
2627:
2626:Tonganosaurus
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:Klamelisaurus
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2562:Huangshanlong
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:Ferganasaurus
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2458:Cetiosauridae
2455:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2305:Tazoudasaurus
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2262:Ohmdenosaurus
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2164:Schleitheimia
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:Leonerasaurus
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:Blikanasaurus
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2039:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:Leonerasaurus
1941:
1939:
1938:
1937:Lamplughsaura
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1885:Yunnanosaurus
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:Lufengosaurus
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:Eucnemesaurus
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1709:Riojasauridae
1706:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:Euskelosaurus
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:Bagualosaurus
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:Bagualosauria
1429:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:Pampadromaeus
1398:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1362:Saturnaliidae
1359:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1344:Pampadromaeus
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1323:Gigantoscelus
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1003:
995:
991:
987:
980:
978:
969:
966:
961:
957:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
892:
889:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
854:
841:
837:
831:
828:
824:
818:
815:
812:
809:
803:
801:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
728:
721:
710:
705:
703:
701:
700:
699:Aegyptosaurus
695:
694:
689:
688:
683:
679:
675:
671:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:autochthonous
645:
641:
636:
629:
627:
625:
621:
620:Aegyptosaurus
618:differs from
617:
613:
612:
611:Aegyptosaurus
606:
604:
600:
595:
591:
587:
586:
581:
580:
575:
574:
568:
566:
562:
561:
556:
555:
550:
546:
539:
535:
531:
525:
520:
513:
511:
509:
504:
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
430:specific name
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
375:
366:
359:
357:
355:
351:
348:
344:
341:
338:
335:
334:titanosaurian
331:
330:
319:
313:
312:
304:
301:
297:
292:
286:
285:
278:
275:
274:
271:
265:
262:
259:
258:
255:
249:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
230:
227:
226:
223:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
124:
121:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
5482:
5403:
5377:Titanosaurus
5375:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5347:Loricosaurus
5345:
5340:Iuticosaurus
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5309:
5277:Yamanasaurus
5275:
5268:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5239:
5232:
5224:
5218:Abditosaurus
5216:
5195:
5188:
5180:
5173:
5165:
5157:
5150:
5144:Abditosaurus
5142:
5121:
5114:
5106:
5099:
5076:Tapuiasaurus
5074:
5066:
5059:
5039:
5034:Titanomachya
5032:
5025:
5003:Puertasaurus
5001:
4994:
4989:Notocolossus
4987:
4980:
4974:Jiangxititan
4972:
4965:
4957:
4952:Drusilasaura
4950:
4943:
4936:Lognkosauria
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:Aeolosaurini
4859:Rinconsaurus
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4828:
4821:
4810:Rinconsauria
4797:
4791:Tengrisaurus
4789:
4784:Quetecsaurus
4782:
4775:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4715:
4708:
4674:
4667:
4662:Lohuecotitan
4660:
4653:
4648:Garrigatitan
4646:
4639:
4634:Ampelosaurus
4632:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4588:Uberabatitan
4586:
4581:Sonidosaurus
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4552:Tengrisaurus
4550:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4523:Rapetosaurus
4521:
4514:
4507:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4459:Malawisaurus
4457:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4405:
4400:Huabeisaurus
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4369:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4342:Choconsaurus
4340:
4335:Brasilotitan
4333:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4284:Atacamatitan
4282:
4277:Argyrosaurus
4275:
4268:
4260:
4253:
4245:
4240:Abdarainurus
4238:
4222:Titanosauria
4209:Titanosauria
4178:
4137:Titanosauria
4121:Wintonotitan
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4067:
4062:Yongjinglong
4060:
4053:
4048:Tambatitanis
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4012:Huanghetitan
4010:
4005:Huabeisaurus
4003:
3996:
3991:Gannansaurus
3989:
3982:
3975:
3969:Chiayusaurus
3967:
3959:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3875:
3868:
3863:Jiutaisaurus
3861:
3855:Jiangxititan
3853:
3848:Garumbatitan
3846:
3839:
3832:
3827:Dongbeititan
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3799:Austrosaurus
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3752:
3747:Venenosaurus
3745:
3738:
3733:Sonorasaurus
3731:
3724:
3719:Giraffatitan
3717:
3709:
3704:Cedarosaurus
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3660:
3655:Pelorosaurus
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3581:
3576:Camarasaurus
3574:
3554:
3548:Haestasaurus
3546:
3541:Europasaurus
3539:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:Diplodocinae
3349:Brontosaurus
3347:
3339:
3332:
3326:Amphicoelias
3324:
3308:Diplodocidae
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3233:Bajadasaurus
3231:
3224:
3219:Amargasaurus
3217:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3126:Rayososaurus
3124:
3117:
3110:
3083:Zapalasaurus
3081:
3076:Xenoposeidon
3074:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3023:
3018:Campananeyen
3016:
3011:Amazonsaurus
3009:
3002:
2967:
2908:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2774:Neosauropoda
2761:
2754:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2689:Haestasaurus
2687:
2679:
2672:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2538:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2497:Patagosaurus
2495:
2487:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2447:Volkheimeria
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2419:Perijasaurus
2417:
2412:Nebulasaurus
2410:
2403:
2396:
2391:Dystrophaeus
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2363:Barapasaurus
2361:
2354:
2349:Asiatosaurus
2347:
2340:
2310:
2303:
2282:
2274:
2269:Rhoetosaurus
2267:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2213:Lessemsaurus
2211:
2204:
2197:
2192:Antetonitrus
2190:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2041:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1883:
1878:Yizhousaurus
1876:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1766:Ignavusaurus
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1723:
1716:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1670:Ignavusaurus
1668:
1661:
1654:
1626:Yimenosaurus
1624:
1619:Plateosaurus
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1571:Xixiposaurus
1569:
1562:
1555:
1543:Plateosauria
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:Unaysauridae
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1330:Guaibasaurus
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1193:
1184:
1111:
1085:
1079:
1054:
1050:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1015:
1005:
994:the original
989:
985:
976:
968:
928:(1): 19165.
925:
921:
900:
896:
891:
881:December 31,
879:. Retrieved
875:the original
866:
856:
846:December 31,
844:. Retrieved
840:the original
830:
822:
817:
807:
758:
754:
697:
691:
685:
677:
666:
648:
639:
619:
615:
609:
607:
602:
583:
577:
573:Puertasaurus
571:
569:
563:as a guide,
558:
554:Notocolossus
552:
544:
542:
529:
523:
507:
505:
498:
490:
467:
466:specimen of
461:
448:
424:"near sea")
421:
417:
413:
411:type species
407:Yousri Attia
391:Peter Dodson
371:
328:
327:
326:
317:
310:
309:
300:Type species
290:
283:
282:
270:Lithostrotia
260:
254:Titanosauria
244:
228:
212:
196:
183:
170:
24:
18:
5589:Titanosaurs
5513:Paralititan
5507:Wikispecies
5483:Paralititan
5362:Microcoelus
5270:Saltasaurus
5256:Paralititan
5152:Alamosaurus
5041:Udelartitan
4996:Patagotitan
4893:Bravasaurus
4886:Arrudatitan
4879:Aeolosaurus
4845:Overosaurus
4777:Jainosaurus
4755:Bonitasaura
4676:Paludititan
4567:Traukutitan
4262:Angolatitan
4069:Yunmenglong
4034:Qiaowanlong
3927:Sibirotitan
3892:Oceanotitan
3834:Europatitan
3813:Brontomerus
3806:Brohisaurus
3778:Angolatitan
3711:Galvesaurus
3683:Abydosaurus
3648:Ornithopsis
3641:Fusuisaurus
3627:Eucamerotus
3526:Daanosaurus
3511:Aragosaurus
3412:Supersaurus
3334:Apatosaurus
3297:Tharosaurus
3168:Nigersaurus
3119:Limaysaurus
2880:Ultrasaurus
2756:Turiasaurus
2719:Moabosaurus
2712:Mierasaurus
2681:Bellusaurus
2665:Turiasauria
2605:Qijianglong
2569:Hudiesaurus
2547:Datousaurus
2467:Cetiosaurus
2426:Shunosaurus
2370:Bellusaurus
2342:Algoasaurus
2328:Eusauropoda
2276:Sanpasaurus
2229:Gravisauria
2149:Pulanesaura
2134:Isanosaurus
2106:Amygdalodon
1972:Pulanesaura
1930:Irisosaurus
1916:Anchisaurus
1896:Anchisauria
1870:Xingxiulong
1816:Xingxiulong
1809:Sarahsaurus
1725:Riojasaurus
1691:Sarahsaurus
1677:Kholumolumo
1520:Macrocollum
1458:Asylosaurus
1394:Nhandumirim
1371:Buriolestes
1337:Mbiresaurus
1309:Buriolestes
1112:Paralititan
693:Spinosaurus
678:Paralititan
640:Paralititan
624:pleurocoels
616:Paralititan
603:Paralititan
588:. In 2010,
579:Alamosaurus
560:Saltasaurus
545:Paralititan
524:Paralititan
514:Description
508:Paralititan
495:carnivorous
491:Paralititan
468:Paralititan
449:Paralititan
329:Paralititan
284:Paralititan
25:Paralititan
5583:Categories
5263:Rocasaurus
5190:Qunkasaura
5159:Baurutitan
4921:Shingopana
4748:Baalsaurus
4595:Volgatitan
4530:Rukwatitan
4494:Nullotitan
4480:Ninjatitan
4415:Kaijutitan
4386:Gandititan
4349:Daxiatitan
4312:Baurutitan
4255:Andesaurus
4146:see below↓
3841:Fukuititan
3785:Arkharavia
3740:Soriatitan
3690:Atlasaurus
3662:Rugocaudia
3620:Duriatitan
3556:Yuzhoulong
3504:Abrosaurus
3486:Macronaria
3473:Macronaria
3397:Kaatedocus
3390:Galeamopus
3383:Diplodocus
3369:Barosaurus
3276:Pilmatueia
3269:Lingwulong
3262:Kaatedocus
3182:Tataouinea
3094:Khebbashia
3069:Sidersaura
2799:Macronaria
2749:Tendaguria
2733:Oplosaurus
2697:Janenschia
2598:Omeisaurus
2474:Chebsaurus
2398:Janenschia
2312:Vulcanodon
2255:Kotasaurus
2206:Ledumahadi
1999:see below↓
1958:Meroktenos
1774:Leyesaurus
1663:Gyposaurus
1527:Unaysaurus
1486:Pantydraco
1451:Arcusaurus
1417:Saturnalia
1250:see below↓
1198:Dinosauria
1180:Sauropsida
706:References
670:reticulata
668:Weichselia
663:seed ferns
601:estimated
543:Little of
472:Cenomanian
347:Cretaceous
238:Macronaria
190:Saurischia
177:Dinosauria
5226:Bonatitan
5108:Isisaurus
4914:Punatitan
4393:Hamititan
4371:Elaltitan
4320:Bonatitan
4041:Silutitan
3998:Gobititan
3984:Euhelopus
3726:Lusotitan
3419:Tornieria
3405:Leinkupal
3290:Suuwassea
3004:Agustinia
2852:Dinodocus
2845:Cardiodon
2576:Jingiella
2525:Anhuilong
2088:Sauropoda
2075:Sauropoda
1990:Sauropoda
1965:Mussaurus
1923:Camelotia
1802:Pradhania
1642:Massopoda
1409:Panphagia
1351:Panphagia
1166:Kingdom:
1071:210840060
565:Carpenter
479:vertebrae
445:geologist
360:Discovery
222:Sauropoda
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
5527:52572017
5492:Wikidata
5234:Ibirania
4900:Caieiria
4710:Inawentu
3913:Ruixinia
3754:Vouivria
3613:Astrodon
2866:Neosodon
2356:Bagualia
2199:Ingentia
1909:Aardonyx
1856:Qianlong
1684:Musankwa
1656:Gryponyx
1564:Ruehleia
1479:Nambalia
1472:Efraasia
1379:Eoraptor
1316:Eoraptor
1174:Chordata
1172:Phylum:
1168:Animalia
960:26777391
791:33454060
783:11387472
659:mangrove
483:scapulae
464:holotype
453:tetrapod
340:dinosaur
337:sauropod
164:Chordata
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
5553:4127515
5540:4821763
5498:Q131636
4270:Arackar
2674:Amanzia
2518:Analong
2405:Jobaria
1863:Seitaad
1178:Class:
1090:Bibcode
951:4725985
930:Bibcode
763:Bibcode
755:Science
682:habitat
432:honors
276:Genus:
4799:Vahiny
4560:Tiamat
3977:Erketu
1795:Ngwevu
1069:
958:
948:
789:
781:
674:Tethys
582:, and
549:humeri
487:humeri
485:, two
476:sacral
438:German
320:, 2001
318:et al.
316:Smith
293:, 2001
291:et al.
289:Smith
5566:64373
1194:Clade
1185:Clade
1067:S2CID
1047:(PDF)
997:(PDF)
982:(PDF)
787:S2CID
751:(PDF)
676:Sea.
655:tidal
594:Holtz
426:titan
422:halos
354:Egypt
343:genus
261:Clade
245:Clade
229:Clade
213:Clade
197:Clade
184:Clade
171:Clade
5535:GBIF
5101:Igai
1605:Issi
1227:see
956:PMID
883:2012
848:2012
779:PMID
649:The
462:The
443:and
436:, a
418:para
405:and
44:PreꞒ
5522:EoL
2763:Zby
1059:doi
946:PMC
938:doi
771:doi
759:292
352:of
5585::
5563::
5550::
5537::
5524::
5509::
5494::
1196::
1187::
1065:.
1055:85
1053:.
1049:.
1014:.
990:36
988:.
984:.
954:.
944:.
936:.
924:.
920:.
908:^
901:98
899:,
865:.
799:^
785:.
777:.
769:.
757:.
753:.
730:^
702:.
690:,
665:,
614:.
576:,
510:.
420:+
401:,
397:,
393:,
389:,
385:,
263::
247::
231::
215::
199::
186::
173::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
5372:?
5357:?
5314:?
5244:?
5229:?
5221:?
5200:?
5185:?
5170:?
5162:?
5147:?
5126:?
5111:?
5079:?
5071:?
4977:?
4962:?
4833:?
4794:?
4772:?
4612:?
4555:?
4547:?
4504:?
4454:?
4439:?
4410:?
4381:?
4366:?
4323:?
4315:?
4265:?
4250:?
4124:?
4022:?
3972:?
3964:?
3880:?
3858:?
3714:?
3665:?
3551:?
3536:?
3521:?
3400:?
3344:?
3329:?
3257:?
3129:?
3057:?
3035:?
2744:?
2736:?
2700:?
2692:?
2684:?
2586:?
2550:?
2535:?
2500:?
2492:?
2484:?
2287:?
2279:?
2250:?
2174:?
2152:?
2144:?
1873:?
1844:?
1819:?
1769:?
1412:?
1404:?
1382:?
1374:?
1142:e
1135:t
1128:v
1096:.
1092::
1073:.
1061::
1018:.
962:.
940::
932::
926:6
885:.
850:.
793:.
773::
765::
307:†
280:†
267:†
251:†
235:†
219:†
203:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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