374:. Spina bifida causes one or more of the vertebrae to fail to form vertebral arches within the infant, which allows the spinal cord to protrude from the rest of the spine. In extreme cases, this can cause spinal cord function inferior to the missing vertebral arches to cease. This cessation of spinal cord function can result in paralysis of lower extremities. Documented cases of paralysis of the anal sphincter in newborns have been observed when spina bifida has gone untreated. While life-threatening, many cases of spina bifida can be corrected surgically if operated on within 72 hours of birth.
520:. This is a deterioration of nerves in the spinal cord, starting in the posterior part of the cord. Affected dogs will become gradually weaker in the hind legs as nerves die off. Eventually, their hind legs become useless. They often also exhibit faecal and urinary incontinence. As the disease progresses, the paresis and paralysis gradually move forward. This disease also affects other large breeds of dogs. It is suspected to be an autoimmune problem.
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497:. These dogs have short legs, and may also have short muzzles. Their intervertebral disc material can calcify and become more brittle. In such cases, the disc may rupture, with disc material ending up in the spinal canal, or rupturing more laterally to press on spinal nerves. A minor rupture may only result in
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Many animal species use paralyzing toxins to capture prey, evade predation, or both. In stimulated muscles, the decrease in frequency of the miniature potentials runs parallel to the decrease in postsynaptic potential, and to the decrease in muscle contraction. In invertebrates, this clearly
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meaning "false, not genuine", from Greek ψεῦδος) is voluntary restriction or inhibition of motion because of pain, incoordination, orgasm, or other cause, and is not due to actual muscular paralysis. In an infant, it may be a symptom of
508:
Another type of paralysis is caused by a fibrocartilaginous embolism. This is a microscopic piece of disc material that breaks off and becomes lodged in a spinal artery. Nerves served by the artery will die when deprived of blood.
501:, but a major rupture can cause enough damage to cut off circulation. If no signs of pain can be elicited, surgery should be performed within 24 hours of the incident, to remove the disc material and relieve pressure on the
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may develop blood clots that travel through arteries. If a clot is large enough to block one or both femoral arteries, there may be hind leg paralysis because the major source of blood flow to the hind leg is blocked.
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venom inhibits both the fast and slow neuromuscular system at identical concentrations. It causes a decrease in the frequency of the miniature potentials without affecting their amplitude significantly.
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in nerve cells, inhibiting the cells' proper function. A non-lethal dose of this toxin results in temporary paralysis. This toxin is also present in many other species ranging from toads to
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817:... evidence of congenital syphilis (e.g., nonimmune hydrops, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, rhinitis, skin rash, and/or pseudoparalysis of an extremity).
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Paralysis can occur in localised or generalised forms, or it may follow a certain pattern. Most paralyses caused by nervous-system damage (e.g.,
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505:. After 24 hours, the chance of recovery declines rapidly, since with continued pressure, the spinal cord tissue deteriorates and dies.
442:, to complete the reproductive cycle, the female wasp paralyses a prey item such as a grasshopper and places it in her nest. In the species
963:
Colman, D. R.; Toolson, E. C.; Takacs-Vesbach, C. D. (2012-10-01). "Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities?".
232:, roughly 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed with some form of permanent or transient paralysis. The word "paralysis" derives from the
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228:. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the
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343:. Pseudoparalysis can be caused by extreme mental stresses, and is a common feature of mental disorders such as
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448:, the paralysed insect (most often a bee species) is coated in a thick layer of pollen. The adult
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423:(wasp genus) venom causes paralysis of the neuromuscular system by acting at a presynaptic site.
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244:) meaning "making loose". A paralysis accompanied by involuntary tremors is usually called "
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that can cause non-permanent paralysis or death. Also, many trees contain neurotoxins.
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637:"Paralysis Facts & Figures - Spinal Cord Injury - Paralysis Research Center"
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presents in the lower limbs before the upper limbs. It can be associated with:
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863:"Clinical Lecture On Cases Of Spina Bifida, With Paralysis Of Sphincters"
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A well-known example of a vertebrate-produced paralyzing toxin is the
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Paralysis can occur in newborns due to a congenital defect known as
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then lays eggs in the paralysed insect, which is devoured by the
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316:, and dysregulation of this system can lead to episodes of
797:"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006"
236:παράλυσις, meaning "disabling of the nerves" from παρά (
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101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
493:Paralysis can be seen in breeds of dogs that are
359:) are constant in nature; however, some forms of
256:Paralysis is most often caused by damage in the
30:"Paralysed" redirects here. For other uses, see
516:is especially prone to developing degenerative
41:"Paralytic" redirects here. For the gene, see
661:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940).
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1116:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes
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923:Anatomy and Physiology: Form and Function
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161:Learn how and when to remove this message
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795:Workowski KA, Berman SM (August 2006).
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783:TheFreeDictionary > pseudoparalysis
639:. Christopherreeve.org. Archived from
404:, which occurs in conditions such as
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387:(another name for this condition is
312:. Temporary paralysis occurs during
99:adding citations to reliable sources
400:Ascending paralysis contrasts with
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240:) meaning "beside, by" and λύσις (
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482:. This toxin works by binding to
977:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05752.x
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367:, are caused by other factors.
86:needs additional citations for
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861:Hutchinson, Jonathan (1877).
531:Many snakes exhibit powerful
389:Landry's ascending paralysis
328:, can also cause paralysis.
320:. Drugs that interfere with
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669:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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36:Paralysis (disambiguation)
32:Paralysed (disambiguation)
29:
921:Saladin, Kenneth (2012).
264:. Other major causes are
947:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
768:Liddell & Scott 1940
696:Liddell & Scott 1940
681:Liddell & Scott 1940
586:Brain–computer interface
468:of fish species such as
224:function in one or more
48:Not to be confused with
667:A Greek-English Lexicon
385:Guillain–Barré syndrome
310:Guillain–Barré syndrome
474:, the famously lethal
417:indicates that, e.g.,
345:panic anxiety disorder
27:Loss of motor function
879:10.1136/bmj.1.860.767
286:peripheral neuropathy
546:Spinal cord injuries
402:descending paralysis
357:spinal cord injuries
95:improve this article
830:"anxiety-panic.com"
514:German Shepherd Dog
445:Philanthus gibbosus
438:In some species of
378:Ascending paralysis
341:congenital syphilis
290:Parkinson's disease
361:periodic paralysis
306:multiple sclerosis
66:Spastic hemiplegia
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971:(20): 5124–5137.
965:Molecular Ecology
932:978-0-07-337825-1
834:anxiety-panic.com
495:chondrodysplastic
471:Takifugu rubripes
456:when they hatch.
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645:. Retrieved
641:the original
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556:Quadriplegia
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525:heart murmur
523:Cats with a
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478:of Japanese
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466:tetrodotoxin
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372:spina bifida
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274:nerve injury
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194:neurosurgery
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151:January 2020
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93:Please help
88:verification
85:
58:Hypoesthesia
54:Sensory loss
663:"παράλυσις"
606:Obdormition
561:Hemiparesis
533:neurotoxins
503:spinal cord
460:Vertebrates
450:P. gibbosus
420:Microbracon
262:spinal cord
110:"Paralysis"
62:Hemiparesis
1100:Categories
844:2017-06-06
671:on Perseus
647:2013-02-19
623:References
611:Narcolepsy
601:Cobratoxin
566:Monoplegia
551:Paraplegia
518:myelopathy
488:nemerteans
476:pufferfish
426:Philanthus
351:Variations
324:, such as
198:psychiatry
121:newspapers
50:Spasticity
1121:Neurology
985:1365-294X
616:Cataplexy
314:REM sleep
214:paralyses
206:Paralysis
190:Neurology
185:Specialty
179:Paralysis
1001:23740875
993:22978555
905:20748563
887:25244879
813:16888612
576:Beriberi
539:See also
406:botulism
298:botulism
18:Paralyse
1084:D010243
896:2220916
742:"Palsy"
712:"Palsy"
499:paresis
336:pseudo-
226:muscles
135:scholar
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772:ψεῦδος
753:27 May
726:27 May
716:Lexico
454:larvae
326:curare
308:, and
270:trauma
266:stroke
252:Causes
218:plegia
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1073:359.3
1058:G83.9
997:S2CID
883:JSTOR
700:λύσις
272:with
246:palsy
242:lysis
234:Greek
222:motor
142:JSTOR
128:books
64:, or
1079:MeSH
1068:9-CM
1043:MB5Z
989:PMID
981:ISSN
927:ISBN
901:PMID
809:PMID
755:2015
728:2015
685:παρά
512:The
480:fugu
440:wasp
238:para
114:news
34:and
1064:ICD
1049:ICD
1034:ICD
973:doi
891:PMC
875:doi
294:ALS
248:".
210:pl.
97:by
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