2691:
2703:
2729:
2715:
783:
512:
151:
observations to verify the accuracy of the computational methods then in use. Based on his eclipse observations, Parameshvara proposed several corrections to the astronomical parameters which had been in use since the times of
263:. He made a series of eclipse observations over a 55-year period. Constantly attempted to compare these with the theoretically computed positions of the planets. He revised planetary parameters based on his observations.
2437:
2497:
2472:
2321:
1017:
957:
626:
2387:
2382:
1042:
2124:
2467:
2452:
2291:
2086:
2492:
2785:
1636:
2675:
2512:
2442:
2341:
307:
2517:
2502:
2417:
2432:
2427:
1332:
164:. Parameshvara was also a prolific writer on matters relating to astronomy. At least 25 manuscripts have been identified as being authored by Parameshvara.
2790:
2770:
2487:
2482:
2407:
2117:
2066:
820:
707:
1853:
941:
236:
228:
128:
2707:
2402:
2281:
2028:
2810:
2775:
2507:
2477:
2367:
2081:
2462:
2372:
932:
899:
2669:
2412:
2110:
2091:
2180:
2397:
2377:
2336:
874:
795:
664:
2780:
2306:
715:
522:
The following works of
Parameshvara are well-known. A complete list of all manuscripts attributed to Parameshvara is available in Pingree.
2447:
1606:
2800:
2795:
2076:
1586:
2245:
1037:
2457:
2392:
2331:
2276:
1325:
1826:
1676:
2805:
2346:
2301:
2719:
2271:
2225:
2061:
1430:
656:
1470:
2815:
1349:
1217:
2351:
2051:
2326:
2071:
2056:
1318:
972:
925:
1566:
2695:
2578:
2286:
1934:
1899:
1576:
2608:
2588:
2266:
1866:
1581:
904:
835:
724:
2422:
2311:
2220:
2210:
1992:
1874:
1465:
1227:
1012:
967:
224:
140:
132:
2765:
2548:
2033:
2013:
1940:
1753:
918:
804:(1996) "An example of the secant method of iterative approximation in a fifteenth-century Sanskrit text",
2649:
1870:
1862:
1364:
1256:
530:
2185:
1795:
1718:
1455:
1186:
1002:
882:
862:
2760:
2755:
2583:
1952:
1663:
1631:
286:
87:
2230:
2170:
2018:
1987:
1911:
1781:
1611:
1556:
1551:
1505:
1089:
1022:
987:
890:
762:
240:
213:
894:
534:
2654:
2603:
2316:
2165:
1520:
1341:
1047:
1007:
962:
507:{\displaystyle R={\sqrt {\frac {(ab+cd)(ac+bd)(ad+bc)}{(-a+b+c+d)(a-b+c+d)(a+b-c+d)(a+b+c-d)}}}.}
267:
79:
20:
1958:
2613:
2538:
2200:
2145:
2023:
1905:
1725:
1500:
1495:
1369:
1212:
870:
791:
660:
156:. The computational scheme based on the revised set of parameters has come to be known as the
1704:
910:
255:
Parameshvara wrote commentaries on many mathematical and astronomical works such as those by
2568:
2563:
2553:
1739:
1621:
1591:
1561:
1475:
1062:
753:
Bhaskara, Mahabhaskariyam: With
Parameshvara's commentary called Karmadipika (Poona, 1945).
2628:
2618:
2593:
2558:
1946:
1893:
1821:
1767:
1616:
1485:
692:
Radha Charan Gupta "Parameshvara's rule for the circumradius of a cyclic quadrilateral",
576:
1732:
1525:
1445:
1374:
982:
784:
Encyclopaedia of the
History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
567:
2659:
2598:
2573:
2250:
2215:
2205:
2195:
1917:
1837:
1774:
1697:
1683:
1601:
1596:
1530:
1425:
1222:
1176:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1057:
1052:
679:
Radha Charan Gupta "A mean-value-type formula for inverse interpolation of the sine",
244:
209:
144:
48:
1384:
2749:
2543:
2190:
1997:
1929:
1858:
1760:
1420:
1286:
1202:
1160:
1124:
992:
787:
744:
256:
120:
1510:
756:
192:) was Vatasseri and his family resided in the village of Alathiyur (Sanskritised as
2733:
2664:
2633:
2240:
2235:
2150:
1964:
1802:
1746:
1690:
1490:
1415:
1165:
1132:
1072:
1027:
821:"Eclipse observations of Parameshvara, the 14th–15th-century astronomer of Kerala"
281:
circumscribing a cyclic quadrilateral. The expression is sometimes attributed to
2623:
2102:
1970:
1923:
1711:
1657:
1440:
1394:
1268:
1262:
801:
779:
589:
580:
181:
161:
83:
750:
Bhaskara, Laghubhaskariyam : With
Parameshvara's commentary (Poona, 1946).
2533:
2155:
1669:
1626:
1480:
1460:
1435:
1298:
1207:
1101:
205:
136:
124:
2296:
2175:
1788:
1450:
1410:
1280:
1250:
1181:
997:
260:
153:
2160:
1571:
1535:
1515:
1292:
1274:
1232:
1067:
977:
282:
232:
1389:
747:, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970–1990).
223:
Parameshvara studied under teachers Rudra and
Narayana, and also under
185:
148:
2438:
Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram
1379:
1310:
278:
274:
239:, was his son and also his pupil. Parameshvara was also a teacher of
217:
216:(1237–1295 CE), a legendary figure in the astrological traditions of
201:
759:, Laghumanasam : with commentary by Parameshvara (Poona, 1944).
197:
177:
173:
117:
44:
2498:
Sree Chitra
Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
1637:
Shanti Swarup
Bhatnagar Prize recipients in Mathematical Science
2473:
National
Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
2106:
1314:
914:
266:
One of
Parameshvara's more significant contributions was his
212:) at its mouth in Kerala. He was a grandson of a disciple of
2322:
Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment
627:
List of astronomers and mathematicians of the Kerala school
616:– Methods for the derivation of several astronomical tables
1838:
Infinite series expansions for the trigonometric functions
204:. Alathiyur is situated on the northern bank of the river
1832:
811:
K. K. Raja (1963) "Astronomy and mathematics in Kerala",
604:– Computation of eclipses (Its epoch is 15 July 1411 CE.)
273:
He was the first mathematician to give a formula for the
2388:
Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali
2383:
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
598:– Spherical geometry and astronomy (composed in 1443 CE)
774:
The Surya-siddhanta with the commentary of Parameshvara
2468:
Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies, Tiruvalla
2453:
Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute
2292:
Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development
708:"Indian literature on mathematics during 1400–1800 AD"
2493:
Oriental Research Institute & Manuscripts Library
2087:
Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics
310:
2642:
2526:
2360:
2259:
2138:
2042:
2006:
1980:
1884:
1846:
1812:
1649:
1544:
1403:
1357:
1348:
1241:
1195:
1081:
948:
93:
75:
67:
55:
37:
30:
506:
2676:A History of the Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy
863:"Parameśvara of Vāṭaśśeri [Parmeśvara I]"
2513:Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute
2443:Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
2418:Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology
2342:Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi
2518:Vadakke Madham Brahmaswam Vedic Research Centre
2503:Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Basic Sciences
16:Indian mathematician and astronomer (1380–1460)
2118:
1326:
926:
8:
2433:Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology
2428:Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre
867:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
610:– On the rationale of the theory of eclipses
2488:Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory
2483:National Research Institute for Panchakarma
2408:Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
270:for the inverse interpolation of the sine.
2786:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
2125:
2111:
2103:
1854:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
1354:
1333:
1319:
1311:
942:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
933:
919:
911:
229:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
129:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics
27:
2403:Central Institute of Fisheries Technology
2282:Centre for Mathematical Sciences (Kerala)
646:
644:
642:
317:
309:
285:, 350 years later. With the sides of the
243:(1444–1544) the author of the celebrated
2508:St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute
2478:National Institute of Speech and Hearing
2368:Agricultural Research Station, Anakkayam
2082:Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education
865:. In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.).
653:Census of the exact sciences in Sanskrit
2463:Kerala School of Mathematics, Kozhikode
2373:Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy
900:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
638:
227:(c. 1350 – c. 1425) the founder of the
2670:Technology Business Incubator TBI-NITC
2413:Central Tuber Crops Research Institute
767:Geometry in ancient and medieval India
2398:Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara
2378:Agronomic Research Station, Chalakudy
2337:Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology
1283:(Mahishamangalam Sankaran Namputhiri)
7:
2307:Kerala Science and Technology Museum
828:Indian Journal of History of Science
716:Indian Journal of History of Science
147:and he himself had made a series of
2714:
2448:Indian Institute of Spices Research
1607:Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai
869:. New York: Springer. p. 870.
2791:15th-century Indian mathematicians
2771:14th-century Indian mathematicians
2067:Institute of Mathematical Sciences
235:, another prominent member of the
139:. Parameshvara was a proponent of
14:
2077:Harish-Chandra Research Institute
1587:K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)
1018:Mazhamaṅgalaṃ Nārāyaṇan Naṃpūtiri
2727:
2713:
2702:
2701:
2690:
2689:
2458:Kerala Forest Research Institute
2393:Banana Research Station, Kannara
2332:Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
2277:Centre for Earth Science Studies
301:of the circumscribed circle is:
110:Vatasseri Parameshvara Nambudiri
2811:People from Malappuram district
2776:15th-century Indian astronomers
2347:Rice Research Station, Moncombu
2302:Kerala Mathematical Association
2272:Centre for Development Studies
2226:Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri
2062:Chennai Mathematical Institute
1431:Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri
657:American Philosophical Society
494:
470:
467:
443:
440:
416:
413:
386:
381:
363:
360:
342:
339:
321:
188:. Parameshvara's family name (
1:
2181:Jyā, koti-jyā and utkrama-jyā
2133:Scientific Research in Kerala
113:
2352:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
2052:Indian Statistical Institute
1147:Laghuvivṛti (commentary on
651:David Edwin Pingree (1981).
19:For the concept of God, see
2781:Medieval Indian astrologers
2327:Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kannur
2287:Centre for Rural Management
2072:Indian Institute of Science
2057:Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana
1935:A. A. Krishnaswamy Ayyangar
1900:Shankar Balakrishna Dikshit
1827:Hindu–Arabic numeral system
1269:Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)
1058:Śaṅkara Varma of Kaṭattanāṭ
2832:
1567:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1289:(Nilakantha Somayaji, etc)
1259:(Govinda Bhattathiri, etc)
1218:Madhava's correction terms
834:(1): 43–57. Archived from
723:(1): 79–93. Archived from
18:
2685:
2579:Matthew Pothen Thekaekara
1577:Veeravalli S. Varadarajan
1277:(Madhava of Sangamagrama)
1253:(Azhvanchery Thamprakkal)
1043:Śaṅkara of Mahiṣamaṅgalam
772:K. Shankar Shukla (1957)
2801:15th-century astrologers
2796:14th-century astrologers
2609:T. A. Venkitasubramanian
2589:Pisharoth Rama Pisharoty
2267:C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
1993:Henry Thomas Colebrooke
1582:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
1295:(Putumana Somayaji, etc)
1033:Parameśvara of Vațaśśeri
905:University of St Andrews
895:"Parameshvara Nambudiri"
861:Achar, Narahari (2007).
819:K. Chandra Hari (2003).
786:(2nd edition) edited by
116:1380–1460) was a major
71:Astronomer-mathematician
2423:College of Horticulture
2312:Kerala Science Congress
2211:Madhava of Sangamagrama
1466:Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma
1013:Madhava of Sangamagrama
782:(2008), "Paramesvara",
268:mean value type formula
225:Madhava of Sangamagrama
141:observational astronomy
133:Madhava of Sangamagrama
2806:Scientists from Kerala
2549:E. C. George Sudarshan
1242:Places associated with
1157:Mahābhāskarīya Bhāshya
552: – Commentary on
508:
32:Parameshvara Nambudiri
2650:A Passage to Infinity
1677:Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta
1244:members of the school
1154:Madhyamanayanaprakara
1129:Jyotiśśāstra-saṃgraha
1121:Jātaka-sāara-saṃgraha
1118:Grahacāraṇinibandhana
1088:Aryabhatiya-bhashya (
978:Dāmodara of Vațaśreņi
968:Azhvāñceri Taṃprākkaḷ
706:A.K. Bag (May 1980).
592:(composed in 1431 CE)
588:– Description of the
564:Mahabhaskariyabhashya
518:Works by Parameshvara
509:
2816:Scholars from Kerala
2584:P. N. Vinayachandran
2221:Madhava's sine table
1953:T. A. Saraswati Amma
1664:Bakhshali manuscript
1632:Kannan Soundararajan
1293:Sivapuram (Thrissur)
1228:Madhava's sine table
891:Robertson, Edmund F.
806:Historia Mathematica
694:Historia Mathematica
659:. pp. 187–192.
608:Grahanavyakhyadipika
308:
287:cyclic quadrilateral
168:Biographical details
88:Circumradius formula
2231:Nilakantha Somayaji
2171:Govinda Bhattathiri
2029:Islamic mathematics
1988:Walter Eugene Clark
1782:Vasishtha Siddhanta
1754:Siddhānta Shiromani
1733:Paitamaha Siddhanta
1612:Tilak Raj Prabhakar
1557:Satyendra Nath Bose
1552:Srinivasa Ramanujan
1506:Nilakantha Somayaji
1090:Nīlakaņțha Sōmayāji
1023:Nīlakaņțha Sōmayāji
988:Govinda Bhattathiri
889:O'Connor, John J.;
763:T.A. Sarasvati Amma
241:Nilakantha Somayaji
214:Govinda Bhattathiri
172:Parameshvara was a
2655:FORV Sagar Sampada
2604:Sainudeen Pattazhy
2317:Kerala Soil Museum
2166:Ganita-yukti-bhasa
1521:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1342:Indian mathematics
1008:Kochukrishnan Asan
951:and mathematicians
655:. A. Vol. 4.
504:
80:Mean value theorem
21:Parameshwara (god)
2743:
2742:
2643:Assorted articles
2614:Thanu Padmanabhan
2539:C. V. Subramanian
2201:Katapayadi system
2146:Achyuta Pisharati
2100:
2099:
1906:Sudhakara Dvivedi
1726:Paulisa Siddhanta
1645:
1644:
1501:Jagannatha Samrat
1496:Achyuta Pisharati
1308:
1307:
1271:(Sankaranarayana)
1213:Kaṭapayādi system
1208:Drigganita system
1095:Candrachayaganita
1048:Putumana Somayāji
876:978-0-387-31022-0
796:978-1-4020-4559-2
666:978-0-87169-213-9
499:
498:
135:. He was also an
107:
106:
63:(aged 79–80)
2823:
2734:India portal
2732:
2731:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2705:
2704:
2693:
2692:
2569:K. Radhakrishnan
2564:K. R. Ramanathan
2554:G. Madhavan Nair
2139:Pre 19th Century
2127:
2120:
2113:
2104:
1740:Romaka Siddhanta
1622:Akshay Venkatesh
1592:M. S. Narasimhan
1562:P.C. Mahalanobis
1355:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1265:(Sankara Varman)
1170:Sidhhantadarpana
935:
928:
921:
912:
907:
880:
850:
848:
846:
841:on 16 March 2012
840:
825:
808:23 (3): 246–256.
732:
731:
730:on 9 March 2012.
729:
712:
703:
697:
690:
684:
683:30 (1–2): 78—82.
677:
671:
670:
648:
575:– Commentary on
562:– Commentary on
542:– Commentary on
529:– Commentary on
513:
511:
510:
505:
500:
497:
384:
319:
318:
182:Ashvalayanasutra
115:
96:
62:
28:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2728:
2726:
2681:
2638:
2629:Varghese Mathai
2619:Thomas Zacharia
2594:Pulickel Ajayan
2559:George Varghese
2522:
2356:
2255:
2246:Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa
2134:
2131:
2101:
2096:
2044:
2038:
2002:
1976:
1947:C. T. Rajagopal
1894:Bapudeva Sastri
1886:
1880:
1842:
1822:Brahmi numerals
1814:
1808:
1768:Surya Siddhanta
1641:
1617:Manjul Bhargava
1540:
1399:
1344:
1339:
1309:
1304:
1243:
1237:
1233:Parahita system
1196:Concepts/Topics
1191:
1077:
1053:Śankara Vāriyar
1038:Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa
963:Acyuta Piṣāraṭi
958:(Complete list)
950:
944:
939:
888:
877:
860:
857:
844:
842:
838:
823:
818:
741:
739:Further reading
736:
735:
727:
710:
705:
704:
700:
691:
687:
678:
674:
667:
650:
649:
640:
635:
623:
577:Surya Siddhanta
554:Laghubhaskariya
520:
385:
320:
306:
305:
253:
170:
102:
100:
94:
86:
82:
60:
51:
42:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2829:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2723:
2711:
2699:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Swatantra 2014
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:R. S. Krishnan
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2574:M. G. K. Menon
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2251:Tantrasamgraha
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Madhava series
2213:
2208:
2206:Kriyakramakari
2203:
2198:
2196:Karanapaddhati
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1918:P. C. Sengupta
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1775:Tantrasamgraha
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1698:Karanapaddhati
1694:
1687:
1684:Ganita Kaumudi
1680:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:Harish-Chandra
1599:
1597:C. S. Seshadri
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1531:Sankara Variar
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1352:
1350:Mathematicians
1346:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:Madhava series
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Tantrasamgraha
1174:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:Tantrasamgraha
1145:
1143:Kriyakramakari
1140:
1138:Karaṇapaddhati
1135:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:Gaṇitayuktayah
1107:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:
946:
945:
940:
938:
937:
930:
923:
915:
909:
908:
886:
875:
856:
855:External links
853:
852:
851:
816:
809:
799:
777:
770:
760:
754:
751:
748:
740:
737:
734:
733:
698:
685:
672:
665:
637:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
622:
619:
618:
617:
611:
605:
602:Grahanamandana
599:
593:
583:
570:
560:Sidhantadipika
557:
547:
544:Mahabhaskariya
537:
519:
516:
515:
514:
503:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
316:
313:
252:
249:
245:Tantrasamgraha
210:Bharathappuzha
180:following the
169:
166:
145:medieval India
105:
104:
103:Grahanamandana
97:
91:
90:
77:
76:Known for
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
57:
53:
52:
49:Cochin Kingdom
43:
39:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2828:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2766:Indian Hindus
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Dileep George
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:Organizations
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Jyotirmimamsa
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:Other regions
2005:
1999:
1998:David Pingree
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:M. Rangacarya
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:Historians of
1883:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:Jantar Mantar
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Mahendra Sūri
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:Thrikkandiyur
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:Chandravakyas
1201:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Jyotirmimamsa
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Udayadivākara
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Nīlakaṇṭha II
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:Govindasvāmin
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
947:
943:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
917:
916:
913:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
887:
884:
878:
872:
868:
864:
859:
858:
854:
837:
833:
829:
822:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
789:
788:Helaine Selin
785:
781:
778:
775:
771:
768:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
745:David Pingree
743:
742:
738:
726:
722:
718:
717:
709:
702:
699:
695:
689:
686:
682:
676:
673:
668:
662:
658:
654:
647:
645:
643:
639:
632:
628:
625:
624:
620:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
587:
584:
582:
578:
574:
571:
569:
565:
561:
558:
556:of Bhaskara I
555:
551:
548:
546:of Bhaskara I
545:
541:
538:
536:
532:
528:
525:
524:
523:
517:
501:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
314:
311:
304:
303:
302:
300:
297:, the radius
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
264:
262:
258:
250:
248:
246:
242:
238:
237:Kerala school
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:Asvatthagrama
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
165:
163:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:mathematician
119:
111:
98:
92:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
36:
29:
26:
22:
2725:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2674:
2665:Techno-lodge
2634:Vinod Scaria
2361:Institutions
2241:Sadratnamala
2236:Parameshvara
2151:Candravakyas
2045:institutions
1965:K. S. Shukla
1937:(1892– 1953)
1803:Yavanajataka
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1761:Śulba Sūtras
1759:
1752:
1747:Sadratnamala
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1691:Kanakkusaram
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1656:
1526:Varāhamihira
1491:Parameshvara
1446:Govindasvāmi
1416:Āryabhaṭa II
1173:Spuṭanirṇaya
1166:Sadratnamālā
1133:Kanakkusāraṃ
1073:Vidyamadhava
1032:
898:
866:
843:. Retrieved
836:the original
831:
827:
815:27; 136–143.
812:
805:
790:, Springer,
773:
766:
725:the original
720:
714:
701:
693:
688:
680:
675:
652:
613:
607:
601:
595:
585:
572:
568:Govindasvāmi
563:
559:
553:
549:
543:
539:
526:
521:
298:
294:
290:
272:
265:
254:
222:
193:
189:
171:
157:
109:
108:
95:Notable work
61:(1460-00-00)
25:
2761:1425 deaths
2756:1380 births
2720:WikiProject
2624:Vainu Bappu
2186:Jyeṣṭhadeva
1981:Translators
1973:(1919–2005)
1971:K. V. Sarma
1967:(1918–2007)
1961:(1918–1992)
1955:(1918–2000)
1949:(1903–1978)
1943:(1901–1954)
1941:A. N. Singh
1926:(1888–1958)
1924:B. B. Datta
1920:(1876–1962)
1914:(1861–1916)
1908:(1855–1910)
1902:(1853–1898)
1896:(1821–1900)
1887:mathematics
1831:Symbol for
1815:innovations
1712:Lokavibhaga
1658:Aryabhatiya
1456:Jyeṣṭhadeva
1441:Brahmagupta
1426:Bhāskara II
1411:Āryabhaṭa I
1395:Yajnavalkya
1301:(Haridatta)
1263:Kadathanadu
1003:Jyeṣṭhadeva
949:Astronomers
883:PDF version
813:Brahmavidya
802:Kim Plofker
780:K. V. Sarma
614:Vakyakarana
590:Drig system
550:Paramesvari
540:Karmadipika
535:Āryabhaṭa I
531:Āryabhaṭīya
527:Bhatadipika
162:Drig system
131:founded by
84:Drig system
2750:Categories
2534:Ajit Varki
2527:Scientists
2156:Citrabhanu
1930:T. Hayashi
1813:Pioneering
1796:Yuktibhāṣā
1719:Pātīgaṇita
1670:Bijaganita
1627:Ravi Vakil
1481:Munishvara
1461:Kamalakara
1436:Brahmadeva
1421:Bhāskara I
1370:Baudhayana
1299:Tirunavaya
1187:Yuktibhāṣā
1161:Pañcabodha
1102:Drigganita
1098:Dasādhyāyi
1068:Vararuci I
973:Citrabhānu
845:28 January
776:(Lucknow).
769:, (Delhi).
633:References
596:Goladipika
257:Bhāskara I
137:astrologer
125:astronomer
101:Goladipika
68:Occupation
2696:Templates
2297:Cyberpark
2176:Haridatta
1959:S. N. Sen
1867:New Delhi
1789:Veṇvāroha
1650:Treatises
1451:Halayudha
1404:Classical
1375:Katyayana
1365:Apastamba
1281:Peruvanam
1257:Alathiyur
1251:Athavanad
1182:Venvaroha
1106:Dṛkkaraṇa
1082:Treatises
998:Haridatta
983:Devācārya
586:Drgganita
489:−
456:−
423:−
390:−
261:Aryabhata
158:Drgganita
154:Aryabhata
99:Drgganita
2708:Category
2161:Damodara
1875:Varanasi
1833:zero (0)
1705:Līlāvatī
1572:C.R. Rao
1536:Virasena
1516:Sridhara
1486:Narayana
1471:Mahāvīra
1275:Kudallur
1115:Golasara
1112:Golavada
696:4: 67–74
621:See also
581:Lilāvati
573:Vivarana
291:a, b, c,
283:Lhuilier
233:Damodara
176:of Bhrgu
2014:Babylon
1847:Centres
1511:Śrīpati
1390:Pingala
1358:Ancient
765:(1979)
757:Munjala
277:of the
208:(river
186:Rigveda
184:of the
149:eclipse
127:of the
59:c. 1460
41:c. 1380
2043:Modern
2034:Europe
2024:Greece
1871:Ujjain
1863:Jaipur
1545:Modern
1385:Pāṇini
1380:Manava
873:
794:
681:Ganita
663:
289:being
279:circle
275:radius
218:Kerala
202:Kerala
118:Indian
2019:China
839:(PDF)
824:(PDF)
728:(PDF)
711:(PDF)
198:Tirur
196:) in
190:Illam
178:gotra
174:Hindu
45:Tirur
2092:TIFR
871:ISBN
847:2010
792:ISBN
661:ISBN
579:and
293:and
259:and
251:Work
206:Nila
123:and
56:Died
38:Born
566:of
533:of
160:or
143:in
2752::
1873:,
1869:,
1865:,
903:,
897:,
893:,
832:38
830:.
826:.
721:15
719:.
713:.
641:^
247:.
231:.
220:.
200:,
114:c.
47:,
2126:e
2119:t
2112:v
1877:)
1861:(
1334:e
1327:t
1320:v
1151:)
1092:)
934:e
927:t
920:v
885:)
881:(
879:.
849:.
798:.
669:.
502:.
495:)
492:d
486:c
483:+
480:b
477:+
474:a
471:(
468:)
465:d
462:+
459:c
453:b
450:+
447:a
444:(
441:)
438:d
435:+
432:c
429:+
426:b
420:a
417:(
414:)
411:d
408:+
405:c
402:+
399:b
396:+
393:a
387:(
382:)
379:c
376:b
373:+
370:d
367:a
364:(
361:)
358:d
355:b
352:+
349:c
346:a
343:(
340:)
337:d
334:c
331:+
328:b
325:a
322:(
315:=
312:R
299:R
295:d
112:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.