105:) of native Hindus. After a few generations they lost most of their power over the princes, and could hence rather be considered mere paramount rulers, at best receiving tribute and honorary trappings, while the true political hegemony progressively shifted to the new players, the
51:
Whether the term is used where it could apply is essentially a matter of convention, and as the relatively vague, similar definitions overlap, its use may in certain cases coexist with the use of another term as those mentioned in the
40:) in a given historical and geographical context, often of different ranks, which all recognize the single paramount ruler as their senior, though not necessarily with effectively commanding authority (as in a true
227:, whose authority is theoretically recognised by Muslims across political borders. At various points in history, however, the political authority of the Caliph outside the domains of the
288:
protectorate, represented by the three
Consuls) was annexed by Germany alone (except for the part that became American Samoa; hence long known as Western Samoa). The
186:
title usually translated as "Supreme Head", "Supreme Ruler" or "Paramount Ruler", is the official title of the constitutional head of state of the federal state of
29:, is a generic description, though occasionally also used as an actual title, for a number of rulers' position in relative terms, as the summit of a
141:(Oudh) to reject the Mughal's suzerainty and assume the style of Padishah themselves, until the British finally toppled both; still later, the
354:– equivalent in relative terms, but among tribal people without a fully developed state, often rather autonomous within a sovereign state
251:
197:, formally elected by the rulers of the member states of the UAE from among their number, de facto hereditary in the person of the
212:
archipelago, certain rulers of a few major sultanates on Grande Comore have been recognized by the paramount title of
232:
390:
168:
who had lost power to him, so not a nominal head of state) or his constitutional master as hegemon of the
161:
400:
395:
300:
179:
317:, even after it became a republic within the Commonwealth, of which the monarch also is the sole Head.
194:
190:, elected for five years from among nine monarchs of constitutive states on the Malaysian peninsula.
66:
385:
239:
134:
247:
98:
357:
146:
122:
351:
82:
289:
281:
243:
183:
169:
106:
86:
379:
345:
285:
277:
165:
78:
213:
304:
173:
130:
118:
30:
327:
292:
102:
93:, under their imperial authority. This was expressed in the majestic style of
74:
45:
339:
269:
228:
202:
142:
333:
187:
172:, which failed in its nationalist bid for control over India against the
126:
70:
209:
94:
220:
157:
114:
90:
41:
37:
34:
205:
emirate (not unlike the
Habsburg emperors in the Holy Roman Empire).
310:
The
British monarch, styled King or Queen, is still recognised as
265:
224:
153:
138:
110:
369:
313:
133:), the British emerged victorious, mostly in the guise of the
336:– irrespective to titles, mere preponderance in power terms
348:– equivalent, among rulers who all can be considered Kings
342:– equivalent, among rulers who all can be considered Kings
330:– equivalent, among rulers who all can be considered Kings
145:
declared itself, as successors to the Mughal
Paramountcy,
113:
85:managed to bring most rulers of the so-called
44:), but often rather a notion like the Western
33:pyramid of rulers of lesser polities (such as
8:
233:before being completely abolished in 1924
156:, the term has been used to describe the
160:(though formally prime minister of the
137:. Later they encouraged the ruler of
7:
299:"Paramount King of Samoa" until the
276:, from 7 November 1889 a tripartite
223:of Islam is the head of the Muslim
193:Analogous is the President of the
14:
1:
231:itself has waxed and waned
417:
135:British East India Company
358:Paramount Leader of China
250:. The King-Grand Duke of
372:see each present state
364:Sources and references
259:Use for foreign rulers
254:was similarly elected.
170:Mahratta confederation
121:(a short while styled
180:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
272:nation, royal style
264:On 1 March 1900 the
242:were elected by the
195:United Arab Emirates
129:, a Muslim state in
69:, including present
312:Paramount Chief of
240:Holy Roman Emperors
162:Maharaja Chatrapati
67:Indian subcontinent
97:(like the Ottoman
303:take-over during
297:Tupu Sili o Samoa
295:was styled there
274:O le Tupu o Samoa
248:Holy Roman Empire
154:Republic of India
147:Emperors of India
99:Sultan of Sultans
408:
252:Poland–Lithuania
123:Padishah Bahadur
101:and the Persian
416:
415:
411:
410:
409:
407:
406:
405:
376:
375:
366:
352:Paramount Chief
324:
268:archipelago (a
261:
87:princely states
83:Mughal emperors
62:
25:, or sometimes
23:paramount ruler
17:
12:
11:
5:
414:
412:
404:
403:
398:
393:
391:Heads of state
388:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:WorldStatesmen
365:
362:
361:
360:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
323:
320:
319:
318:
308:
290:German Emperor
260:
257:
256:
255:
236:
217:
216:of the island.
206:
191:
177:
152:In the modern
150:
131:southern India
117:and its ally,
89:, in majority
61:
58:
27:paramount king
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
413:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
381:
371:
368:
367:
363:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
346:King of Kings
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
321:
316:
315:
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
258:
253:
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196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
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175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
143:British Crown
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:Turko-Persian
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:
59:
57:
55:
49:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
401:Noble titles
396:Royal titles
311:
296:
273:
214:Sultani tibe
198:
119:Tippu Sultan
53:
50:
26:
22:
20:
18:
305:World War I
244:Electorates
174:British Raj
31:feudalistic
380:Categories
328:Great King
293:Wilhelm II
270:Polynesian
103:Shahanshah
75:Bangladesh
46:suzerainty
386:Feudalism
340:High King
229:Caliphate
203:Abu Dhabi
56:section.
21:The term
322:See also
188:Malaysia
127:Khudadad
107:Marathas
71:Pakistan
60:Examples
54:See also
334:Hegemon
282:British
246:of the
210:Comoros
208:In the
95:Padshah
81:Muslim
65:In the
38:princes
301:Allied
278:German
266:Samoan
221:Caliph
166:Satara
158:Peshwa
115:France
109:, the
77:, the
42:empire
35:vassal
225:ummah
199:Hakim
184:Malay
139:Awadh
111:Sikhs
91:Hindu
16:Title
314:Fiji
286:U.S.
238:The
219:The
182:, a
73:and
201:of
164:of
125:of
382::
48:.
307:.
284:–
280:–
235:.
176:.
149:.
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