169:
Nawasard (which was held in August) as his falsely lured his nephew and
Parandzem into Shahapivan a native camping place of the Arsacids which was below a walled hunting preserve based on a lie that Arsaces II wanted to reconcile with Gnel. When Gnel was captured by Arsaces II's soldiers he was taken to a nearby hill of the mountain called Lsin where he was executed. After the death and burial of Gnel, Arsaces II issued an order to mourn the death of his nephew which Arsaces II weep and mourn for Gnel greatly while Parandzem mourned so much for Gnel she tore off her clothes, was screaming and cried so much.
177:
message to
Arsaces II stating, âKing, I want you to order that I be allowed to marry Gnelâs wifeâ. As Arsaces II heard this he said: âNow I know for sure that what I have heard is accurate. Gnelâs death occurred for his wifeâ. Arsaces II planned to kill Tirit in return for Gnel's murder. When Tirit heard this, he was in so much fear for Arsaces II he fled at night. Arsaces II was informed that Tirit had left and ordered his soldiers to find Tirit and kill him. His soldiers found Tirit in the forests in the district of
29:
311:
invading
Armenia. The Persian forces that were sent by Shapur II finally conquered Armenia and captured the fortress after two years. Parandzem bravely defended herself and Armenia for 2 years from Shapur II, which famine and disease had left few survivors out of 11,000 soldiers and 6,000 women who had taken refuge in the fortress.
243:
royal court. Olympia was extremely careful in where she accepted matters of food and drink from as she only accepted food and drink offered to her from her maids. The behaviours, actions of
Parandzem and Arsaces II, in particular the deaths of Gnel, Tirit, Olympia and possibly the prior ruling King of Armenia
266:, had turned to treachery to capture Arsaces II as he was taken as a political prisoner by the Sassanid monarch, in which Arsaces II had died in prison. This was a part of Shapur II's plan to conquer Armenia once and for all, as Shapur II was in military conflict and failed diplomatic treaties with the
176:
When the
Armenians in particular Arsaces II heard the cries of Parandzem, Arsaces II began to realise the plotting of Tirit and the senseless death of Gnel. Arsaces II was stunned in what happened and had regretted in killing Gnel. For a while Arsaces II, didn't do anything to Tirit. Tirit had sent a
992:
Now since king Shapuh of Iran wanted to greatly insult the azg of the land of
Armenia, and the kingdom he ordered all of his troops, his grandees, and the lesser ones, and all the men in the country where he ruled to assemble and to have the tikin of Armenia in the midst of the mob. He ordered that
168:
Arsaces II from then until Gnel's death had a grudge against Gnel which he had frequently tried to persecute and plot treachery against him for a long time. From that moment Gnel was on the run with
Parandzem from Arsaces II. Arsaces II did eventually kill Gnel around the time of the festival of
242:
had more than one wife
Parandzem had a grudge and had a great envy against Olympia. After the birth of her son, Parandzem plotted to kill Olympia through poison. Parandzem had arranged for Olympia to be poisoned in 361 administered to her in the Holy Sacrament of communion by a priest from the
218:
Although the Romans considered
Olympia as the legitimate wife of Arsaces II, he loved Parandzem to a degree but Parandzem loathed Arsaces II saying, âPhysically, he is hairy, and his color is darkâ. Arsaces II loved Olympia more than Parandzem. Through marriage to Arsaces II, Parandzem became an
310:
Valens was working to restore Papas to the
Arsacid throne and withdraw the army of Shapur II from Armenia. When Shapur II heard of Papasâ restoration to Armenia, instead of going after Papas personally he concentrated in capturing Parandzem; ending her siege in the fortress of Artogerassa and
172:
Now Tirit had successfully got rid of his cousin, he was unable to control his lust for Parandzem. Tirit had sent his messenger to Parandzem a note reading: âDo not mourn so much, for I am a better man that he was. I loved you and therefore betrayed him to death, so that I could take you in
302:
Parandzem was able to have initiate negotiations with Cylaces and Artabanes for the surrender of the fortress during that time. Parandzem appealed to them in the name of her husband. Cylaces and Artabanes defected from Shapur II to Parandzem in which Papas for his safety was sent to
159:
like Gnel and all the Naxarars of the land prefer his lordship over them than yours. Now they say, âlook and see what you do, king, so that you can save yourselfâ. Believing the words of Tirit, Arsaces II became agitated and did confirm the statements of Tirit.
92:. She was regent of Armenia during the absence of her spouse and son in 368â370, and is famous for her defense of the fortress of Artagers against Persia. She was brutally put to death by the Persians after the fall of Artagers in the winter of 369/70. Her son
150:
had become passionately in love with her and desired for her to be his wife. Finding a way to plot against his cousin Gnel, Tirit approached their uncle Arsaces II and said to him: âGnel wants to rule, and to kill you. All the grandees, the
314:
Parandzem with the Armenian royal treasure were taken to the palace of Shapur II. Shapur II wanting to humiliate Armenia and the Roman Empire, had Parandzem given to his soldiers whom they brutally raped until she died, although,
319:
never mentioned that, rather, he stated that she was taken away into captivity in Assyria, where she was impaled on the shafts of carts and put to death. After her death, Papas was restored to his Armenian Kingship by Valens.
126:
family and she had at least one known sibling, a brother called Babik (Bagben) who served as a Naxarar of Syunik in 379. Little is known of her early life. Parandzem was extremely well known for her beauty and modesty.
259:; the actions of Parandzem towards Olympia had placed Armenian politics unfavorable to Christian interests and she was considered an impious woman. After the death of Olympia, Parandzem became the Armenian Queen.
285:
When the Sassanid army were heading to invade Armenia, Parandzem and her son, Papas took the Armenian treasury and hid themselves in the fortress of Artogerassa, where the fortress was defended by a troops of
298:
who also defected to Shapur II. Shapur II wanted to suppress Arsacid rule in Armenia and replace the dynasty with Persian administrators and traditional Armenian aristocrat Lords to govern over Armenia.
993:
in the concourse a contrivance be placed, and that the woman be affixed to it. Then he subjected the tikin P'arhanjem to abominable, bestial intercourse. So they caused the tikin P'arhanjem to perish.
189:
After the death of Tirit, Arsaces II married Parandzem. Parandzem married Arsaces II as her second husband. At the same time as Arsaces II had Parandzem as his wife, he also had another wife, a
143:
who ruled as King of Armenia from 350 until 368. During the reign of Arsaces II, Gnel was a popular prince in Armenia and could have been seen as a potential successor to his uncle.
290:. The Armenian invasion was led by Cylaces and Artabanes, two Armenians who defected to Shapur II. Cylaces and Artabanes were also supported by the Armenian nobles Vahan
1053:
R.G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004
1021:
They were taken away into captivity in Assyria along with the treasures and the queen Parandzem, where they were impaled on the shafts of carts and put to death.
1087:
307:
to the court of Valens. Papas during his time with Valens was in communication with his mother from the fortress whom he encouraged to await his rescue.
173:
marriageâ. In her mourning Parandzem, raised a protest, pulling out her hair and screaming as she mourned that her husband died because of her.
1102:
1077:
1112:
1092:
1072:
1014:
118:
of the Siwni dynasty in the Syunik Province, while Valinak's successor and brother who was Parandzem's father, Andovk served as the
1082:
226:
Sometime after her marriage to Arsaces II, Parandzem fell pregnant. In 360 Parandzem bore Arsaces II a son, whom they named
792:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
753:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
727:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
675:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
623:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
455:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
430:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
1050:
N. Lenski, Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D., University of California Press, 2003
1117:
111:
1045:
42:
1107:
230:. Pap was the only known child born to Parandzem and the only known child born to Arsaces II during his regin.
255:
was not seen again in the royal court in the lifetime of Arsaces II. Although Parandzem was hostile to any
146:
Parandzem's reputation for her beauty had become renown and widespread to the point as Gnel's paternal cousin
1097:
1059:
E. Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Google eBook), MobileReference, 2009
1046:
The conversion of Armenia to the Christian faith, William St. Clair Tisdall, Princeton University, 1897
1035:
197:
28:
1010:
316:
295:
270:
244:
147:
277:. Shapur II after successfully capturing Arsaces II, he sent his army to invade Armenia.
256:
136:
239:
227:
208:
178:
93:
89:
251:
St. Nerses I. The church was totally alienated from the royal court of Arsaces II and
1066:
267:
220:
205:
252:
212:
211:
as Arsaces II was greatly favored by the emperor, who considered him as an ally to
201:
114:
province of Armenia. Her paternal uncle Valinak Siak c.330, was the first known
985:
304:
291:
248:
123:
263:
140:
85:
122:
of Syunik in c.340. Parandzem's mother was an unnamed noblewoman from the
152:
106:
972:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
947:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
934:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
921:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
908:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
895:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
882:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
869:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
856:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
843:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
830:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
817:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
404:
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D.
223:
and a very powerful, wealthy and influential woman in Armenian society.
274:
190:
139:. Gnel was the son of the Arsacid Prince Tiridates whose brother was
1056:
V.M. Kurkjian, A History of Armenia, Indo-European Publishing, 2008
204:
wife of Arsaces II, was given to him as an imperial bride from the
193:
287:
156:
96:
was soon after restored to the throne with Roman assistance.
960:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
805:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
468:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
443:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
392:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
200:
whom he married before marrying Parandzem. Olympia the
990:. Translated by Bedrosian, Robert. pp. 194â195.
104:
Parandzem was the daughter of Andovk Siwni, a senior
88:of Armenia. She was a member of the noble house of
70:
60:
56:
48:
41:
21:
110:of the princely house of Siwni, which ruled the
368:Faustus of Byzantium - History of the Armenians
84:(died winter 369/70) was the consort of King
8:
135:Parandzem in 359 married the Arsacid Prince
27:
18:
262:In the year 367 or 368 the Sassanid King
361:
328:
1009:. World Scholarly Press. p. 132.
7:
247:had totally outraged the reigning
14:
1088:Foreign relations of ancient Rome
198:Olympia, also known as Olympias
34:Last Battle of Queen Pharandzem
257:Sassanid influence from Persia
1:
1103:Women in 4th-century warfare
1078:4th-century Armenian people
1005:Khorenatsi, Movses (2022).
1134:
36:, by Rubik Kocharian, 2013
1113:Women in war in West Asia
1093:4th-century women regents
1073:Queens consort of Armenia
26:
1040:History of the Armenians
779:History of the Armenians
740:History of the Armenians
714:History of the Armenians
701:History of the Armenians
688:History of the Armenians
649:History of the Armenians
636:History of the Armenians
610:History of the Armenians
597:History of the Armenians
584:History of the Armenians
571:History of the Armenians
558:History of the Armenians
545:History of the Armenians
532:History of the Armenians
519:History of the Armenians
506:History of the Armenians
493:History of the Armenians
480:History of the Armenians
417:History of the Armenians
196:noblewoman woman called
43:Queen consort of Armenia
987:Buzandaran Patmut'iwnk'
281:Defender of Artogerassa
777:Faustus of Byzantium,
738:Faustus of Byzantium,
712:Faustus of Byzantium,
699:Faustus of Byzantium,
686:Faustus of Byzantium,
647:Faustus of Byzantium,
634:Faustus of Byzantium,
608:Faustus of Byzantium,
595:Faustus of Byzantium,
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517:Faustus of Byzantium,
504:Faustus of Byzantium,
491:Faustus of Byzantium,
478:Faustus of Byzantium,
415:Faustus of Byzantium,
181:and killed him there.
1083:Roman client monarchs
781:, Book IV, Chapter 15
742:, Book IV, Chapter 15
716:, Book IV, Chapter 15
703:, Book IV, Chapter 15
690:, Book IV, Chapter 15
651:, Book IV, Chapter 15
638:, Book IV, Chapter 15
612:, Book IV, Chapter 15
599:, Book IV, Chapter 15
586:, Book IV, Chapter 15
573:, Book IV, Chapter 15
560:, Book IV, Chapter 15
547:, Book IV, Chapter 15
534:, Book IV, Chapter 15
521:, Book IV, Chapter 15
508:, Book IV, Chapter 15
495:, Book IV, Chapter 15
482:, Book IV, Chapter 15
419:, Book IV, Chapter 15
1036:Faustus of Byzantium
766:A History of Armenia
662:A History of Armenia
379:A History of Armenia
245:Tigranes VII (Tiran)
1118:4th-century regents
1007:History of Armenia
984:Buzand, P'awstos.
335:Also romanized as
317:Movses Khorenatsi
296:Meruzhan Artsruni
238:As Arsaces II in
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1067:Categories
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660:Kurkjian,
377:Kurkjian,
357:References
345:Pharandsem
337:Pâarhanjem
305:Asia Minor
292:Mamikonian
249:Catholicos
124:Mamikonian
100:Early life
341:Parantzem
264:Shapur II
219:Armenian
141:Arshak II
86:Arshak II
82:Parandzem
52:359 - 369
22:Parandzem
970:Lenski,
958:Gibbon,
945:Lenski,
932:Lenski,
919:Lenski,
906:Lenski,
893:Lenski,
880:Lenski,
867:Lenski,
854:Lenski,
841:Lenski,
828:Lenski,
815:Lenski,
803:Gibbon,
466:Gibbon,
441:Gibbon,
402:Lenski,
390:Gibbon,
349:Paranjem
155:and the
153:Naxarars
120:nakharar
116:nakharar
107:nakharar
1030:Sources
974:, p.172
949:, p.172
936:, p.172
923:, p.172
910:, p.171
897:, p.171
884:, p.171
871:, p.171
845:, p.170
832:, p.170
819:, p.170
768:, p.105
664:, p.105
381:, p.105
1013:
794:, p.89
755:, p.89
729:, p.89
677:, p.89
625:, p.89
457:, p.89
432:, p.89
275:Valens
271:Jovian
194:Cretan
112:Siwnik
66:Syunik
324:Notes
288:Azats
202:Roman
191:Greek
179:Basen
157:Azats
148:Tirit
90:Siwni
49:Reign
1011:ISBN
294:and
273:and
213:Rome
137:Gnel
71:Died
61:Born
228:Pap
94:Pap
74:369
64:327
1069::
1038:,
1019:.
347:;
343:;
339:;
215:.
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