2593:
2600:
3983:
1837:
3544:
950:
3549:
147:
2586:
1831:
1825:
4043:
3989:
129:
528:
is thought to have been clumsy on land, pushing itself along the rocks with its feet rather than actually walking. The natural position of the lower legs was flush against the body, with the feet stretched out sideways and thus it would have been unable to move upright without toppling over. As
545:
s lower leg was not as firmly placed along the body sides. Thus, it would have found it more easy to place its feet under its body with the toes pointing forwards and might have managed small hops or even an awkward waddle, body held low to the ground.
2592:
935:
612:, a group of prehistoric birds which were uniquely adapted to diving and swimming, and had teeth. Otherwise, they were fairly similar to living birds rather than to more
4205:
4136:
470:, hunting smaller, more mobile prey than its larger relatives. Unlike a darter however, it could not spear its prey, but instead held it with its beak like today's
718:
is in all probability a member of the
Hesperornithes. However, it is unclear with which of these it is most closely allied; some place it in the Baptornithidae.
846:
Martin, Larry D.; Evgeny, Kurochkin; Tocaryk, Tim T. (2012). "A new evolutionary lineage of diving birds from the Late
Cretaceous of North America and Asia".
4210:
481:
or shelf seas. Remains found far off the prehistoric shore suggest that it either ventured far out and/or that it bred on islands. A considerable number of
681:
In 2004, it was announced that material of a second species were being prepared for description. This specimen was about twice as massive as the type of
4123:
561:. These are small round lumps - maybe a centimeter in diameter or so - and contain the remains of a small species of the sabre-toothed "herring"
466:-sized bird was of middle size among its relatives and had a markedly elongated neck. Presumably, it thus behaved in a manner similar to today's
4215:
983:
4220:
797:
4200:
1836:
3982:
264:
3543:
2599:
884:"Aquatic birds from the Upper Cretaceous (Lower Campanian) of Sweden and the biology and distribution of hesperornithiforms"
2585:
822:
3548:
710:
In addition, two other prehistoric diving birds of the Late
Cretaceous are sometimes placed in the Baptornithidae:
146:
1830:
4195:
1776:
976:
2129:
1074:
1824:
3668:
2533:
403:
4063:
4046:
3645:
3589:
349:
4162:
3905:
2155:
1720:
429:
310:
286:
3876:
731:, might be a baptornithid also. Others consider it closely related to certain modern birds, either the
4190:
4110:
3988:
969:
895:
580:
2937:
2432:
2298:
1933:
955:
482:
923:
670:. As there is insufficient material for a proper comparison, it is not known whether it is also a
3933:
3065:
3014:
2661:
2401:
1624:
1101:
478:
335:
141:
2842:
2762:
4167:
3833:
3217:
4149:
4141:
3785:
3044:
2772:
2287:
2072:
1676:
1043:
736:
663:
4154:
587:
remains make up only a small fraction of the coprolites' mass, most of which was nondescript
4016:
3941:
3883:
3476:
3367:
3074:
2752:
2476:
2455:
1765:
1699:
1606:
1243:
903:
877:. Rocky Mountain (56th Annual) and Cordilleran (100th Annual) Joint Meeting. pp. 33–37.
857:
634:
3963:
3956:
3919:
3840:
3824:
3404:
3376:
3023:
2651:
2510:
2441:
2313:
2276:
2118:
2103:
2022:
1978:
1957:
1734:
1613:
1570:
1395:
1326:
1059:
805:
378:
370:
41:
4101:
929:
899:
4006:
3948:
3912:
3809:
3741:
3716:
3689:
3657:
3301:
3271:
3136:
2975:
2893:
2782:
2522:
2448:
2411:
1909:
1706:
1465:
1361:
1300:
1279:
939:
671:
623:
609:
498:
246:
644:
by most. However, it was recently established that the supposed "Cretaceous flamingo"
4184:
4026:
4021:
3890:
3750:
3634:
3578:
3257:
3176:
3120:
3090:
3037:
3030:
2916:
2907:
2691:
2671:
2214:
2203:
2089:
2058:
2015:
1964:
1950:
1644:
1376:
1354:
1339:
1257:
908:
883:
651:
618:
576:
438:
415:
79:
485:
specimens are known. These tend to be from the northern part of its range - today's
4036:
3898:
3625:
3499:
3492:
3431:
3349:
3082:
2961:
2873:
2822:
2792:
2741:
2681:
2499:
2352:
2337:
2322:
2256:
2144:
2096:
2008:
1898:
1753:
1713:
1692:
1685:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1598:
1583:
1519:
1476:
1437:
1307:
1286:
1217:
1195:
823:"Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1872 - Toothed marine birds of the Late Cretaceous seas"
690:
686:
538:
389:
374:
861:
505:
are today, moving polewards in summer to breed. The
Cretaceous had a much warmer
4095:
3861:
3771:
3706:
3447:
3397:
3328:
3280:
3105:
3051:
2999:
2946:
2832:
2802:
2721:
2485:
2235:
2225:
1888:
1727:
1492:
1451:
1422:
1415:
1383:
1293:
1227:
1167:
1154:
1113:
992:
848:
732:
723:
659:
604:
514:
458:
than for any other member of the
Hesperornithes, with the possible exception of
54:
4086:
3926:
3794:
3601:
3485:
3455:
3422:
3390:
3356:
3342:
3335:
3159:
3129:
2923:
2883:
2812:
2701:
2630:
2617:
2545:
2492:
2368:
2345:
2330:
2266:
2193:
2081:
2051:
2044:
1987:
1943:
1637:
1526:
1510:
1499:
1458:
1444:
1408:
1369:
1347:
945:
714:
204:
99:
64:
17:
875:, from the Lower Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of Southwestern South Dakota
4031:
4011:
3847:
3802:
3764:
3757:
3247:
3227:
3207:
3197:
3187:
2991:
2984:
2953:
2418:
2245:
2037:
1919:
1591:
1533:
1485:
1429:
1315:
1184:
1086:
1034:
830:
641:
558:
518:
471:
423:
419:
407:
386:
382:
217:
158:
104:
48:
128:
4080:
3854:
3726:
3383:
3321:
3143:
3097:
2711:
2462:
2386:
2030:
1994:
1540:
1272:
1025:
1016:
699:
613:
563:
443:
191:
178:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
549:
The only certain record of
Hesperornithes' food found so far comes from
4128:
3868:
3614:
3462:
3287:
2862:
2172:
2001:
1867:
1854:
1788:
534:
506:
502:
230:
109:
84:
3439:
3237:
2852:
2731:
1206:
1010:
655:
494:
490:
486:
467:
433:
411:
399:
168:
4057:
1264:
728:
588:
366:
4115:
697:
in 2007, but it was later reclassified as a species of the genus
3566:
3511:
554:
463:
4061:
3564:
2615:
1852:
1152:
1003:
965:
926:. Lobed feet less likely, but plausible. Retrieved 2007-AUG-23.
961:
579:
and/or regurgitated most indigestible parts of its prey as a
693:. James Martin and Amanda Cordes-Person named this species
658:
was not a flamingo and neither, as suggested by others, a
640:
has been established for it. Presently this is considered
524:
While it was excellently adapted to swimming and diving,
721:
More interesting - or controversial - is the case of
3821:
3782:
3738:
3722:
3712:
3702:
3473:
3419:
3298:
3268:
3253:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3213:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3172:
3117:
3062:
3011:
2972:
2934:
2904:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2758:
2748:
2737:
2727:
2717:
2707:
2697:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2519:
2473:
2429:
2398:
2381:
2310:
2294:
2283:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2210:
2199:
2189:
2141:
2115:
2069:
1975:
1930:
1915:
1905:
1894:
1884:
1762:
1567:
1240:
1223:
1213:
1202:
1191:
1180:
533:
which almost certainly had to slide on its belly or
4070:
3820:
3781:
3737:
3687:
3656:
3633:
3624:
3600:
3577:
3510:
3472:
3418:
3366:
3297:
3267:
3157:
3116:
3061:
3010:
2971:
2933:
2903:
2628:
2544:
2518:
2509:
2472:
2428:
2397:
2366:
2309:
2170:
2140:
2114:
2068:
1974:
1929:
1865:
1787:
1761:
1752:
1675:
1623:
1566:
1509:
1475:
1394:
1325:
1238:
1165:
1112:
1085:
1058:
583:like most living fish-eating birds do, because the
436:of this bird in the 1870s. This was, alongside the
410:. It is now known to have also occurred in today's
477:The waters which it inhabited were fairly shallow
633:was quite peculiar among the Hesperornithes, the
454:More material evidence exists for the ecology of
402:, which at its time was mostly covered by the
977:
938:. Color is based on reasonable assumption of
8:
462:, but still much is left to conjecture. The
381:, some 87-80 million years ago (roughly mid-
4058:
3695:
3630:
3606:
3574:
3561:
3306:
3165:
2640:
2636:
2625:
2612:
2515:
2374:
2182:
2178:
1877:
1873:
1862:
1849:
1758:
1629:
1575:
1563:
1400:
1331:
1249:
1173:
1162:
1149:
1091:
1064:
1055:
1000:
984:
970:
962:
127:
31:
27:Extinct genus of flightless, aquatic birds
907:
727:. This bird, whose remains were found in
703:and may not have been closely related to
685:. The bones had been found in the lower
602:was related to the bigger, better known
136:Illustration of a tarsometatarsus, 1880
748:
398:, the type species, were discovered in
4206:Late Cretaceous birds of North America
493:- though they have also been found in
422:; possibly, it occurred in the entire
557:20030 was found associated with some
7:
509:than today; the waters inhabited by
497:. This suggests that the birds were
4211:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
882:Rees, Jan; Lindgren, Johan (2005).
869:Person, Amanda Cordes (May 2004).
446:birds to become known to science.
25:
4042:
4041:
3987:
3981:
3547:
3542:
2598:
2591:
2584:
1835:
1829:
1823:
948:
909:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00507.x
145:
798:"Taxon: Family †Baptornithidae"
871:A New Species of Diving Bird,
796:Brands, Sheila (14 Aug 2008).
1:
4216:Fossil taxa described in 1877
862:10.1016/j.palwor.2012.02.005
650:from the Late Cretaceous of
764:Rees & Lindgren (2005).
666:, but in fact belongs with
4237:
4221:Cretaceous birds of Europe
782:Martin, L.D. et al. (2012)
4001:
3979:
3698:
3609:
3573:
3560:
3540:
3309:
3168:
2643:
2639:
2624:
2611:
2582:
2377:
2185:
2181:
1880:
1876:
1861:
1848:
1821:
1632:
1578:
1562:
1403:
1334:
1252:
1176:
1161:
1148:
1094:
1067:
1054:
999:
341:
334:
316:
309:
142:Scientific classification
140:
135:
126:
34:
4201:Extinct flightless birds
942:. Retrieved 2007-AUG-23.
932:. Retrieved 2007-AUG-23.
802:Project: The Taxonomicon
821:Everhart, Mike (2006).
647:Parascaniornis stensioi
608:. Both belonged to the
404:Western Interior Seaway
936:Reconstruction in life
930:Reconstructed skeleton
4163:Paleobiology Database
1721:Paralitherizinosaurus
678:or a second species.
432:discovered the first
430:Othniel Charles Marsh
365:("diving bird") is a
616:-like forms such as
2938:Patagopterygiformes
2433:Confuciusornithidae
2299:Scansoriopterygidae
1934:Scansoriopterygidae
956:Paleontology portal
900:2005Palgy..48.1321R
460:Hesperornis regalis
442:, one of the first
418:joined the ancient
3066:Songlingornithidae
3015:Hongshanornithidae
2402:Omnivoropterygidae
2314:Jeholornithiformes
1625:Therizinosauroidea
392:). The fossils of
4178:
4177:
4150:Open Tree of Life
4064:Taxon identifiers
4055:
4054:
3997:
3996:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3877:Lutetodontopteris
3786:Gastornithiformes
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3567:Aves / Neornithes
3556:
3555:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3512:Aves / Neornithes
3414:
3413:
3153:
3152:
3045:Parahongshanornis
2607:
2606:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2362:
2361:
2288:Archaeopterygidae
2166:
2165:
2073:Archaeopterygidae
1844:
1843:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1677:Therizinosauridae
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1044:Maniraptoriformes
755:Brands, S. (2012)
737:Procellariiformes
695:Baptornis varneri
395:Baptornis advenus
358:
357:
353:
323:Baptornis advenus
290:
268:
16:(Redirected from
4228:
4196:Hesperornitheans
4171:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4145:
4144:
4132:
4131:
4119:
4118:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4059:
4045:
4044:
4017:Deinonychosauria
3992:
3991:
3985:
3942:Protodontopteryx
3884:Macrodontopteryx
3823:
3784:
3740:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3696:
3631:
3607:
3575:
3562:
3551:
3546:
3477:Cimolopterygidae
3475:
3421:
3368:Hesperornithidae
3307:
3300:
3270:
3255:
3245:
3235:
3225:
3215:
3205:
3195:
3185:
3174:
3166:
3119:
3064:
3013:
2974:
2936:
2906:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2860:
2850:
2840:
2830:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2739:
2729:
2719:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2626:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2521:
2516:
2477:Jinguofortisidae
2475:
2456:Eoconfuciusornis
2431:
2400:
2383:
2375:
2312:
2296:
2285:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2212:
2201:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2143:
2117:
2071:
1977:
1932:
1917:
1907:
1896:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1863:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1777:Oviraptorosauria
1766:Oviraptorosauria
1764:
1759:
1700:Nanshiungosaurus
1630:
1607:Jianchangosaurus
1576:
1569:
1564:
1401:
1332:
1250:
1244:Alvarezsauroidea
1242:
1225:
1215:
1204:
1193:
1182:
1174:
1163:
1150:
1092:
1065:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1001:
986:
979:
972:
963:
958:
953:
952:
951:
924:Mounted skeleton
913:
911:
894:(6): 1321–1329.
878:
865:
842:
840:
838:
829:. Archived from
827:Oceans of Kansas
817:
815:
813:
804:. Archived from
783:
780:
774:
771:
765:
762:
756:
753:
348:
325:
321:
285:
278:
263:
258:
245:
150:
149:
131:
121:
51:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4166:
4161:
4153:
4148:
4140:
4135:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4066:
4056:
4051:
3993:
3986:
3969:
3964:Tympanonesiotes
3957:Pseudodontornis
3920:Palaeochenoides
3841:Caspiodontornis
3825:Pelagornithidae
3816:
3777:
3733:
3675:
3652:
3620:
3596:
3569:
3552:
3526:
3506:
3468:
3410:
3405:Parahesperornis
3377:Asiahesperornis
3362:
3293:
3263:
3162:
3149:
3112:
3057:
3024:Archaeornithura
3006:
2967:
2929:
2899:
2652:Archaeorhynchus
2633:
2620:
2603:
2590:
2560:
2540:
2511:Ornithothoraces
2505:
2468:
2442:Changchengornis
2424:
2393:
2371:
2358:
2305:
2277:Anchiornithidae
2175:
2162:
2136:
2130:Dromaeosauridae
2119:Dromaeosauridae
2110:
2104:Anchiornithidae
2064:
2023:Liaoningvenator
1979:Anchiornithidae
1970:
1958:Scansoriopteryx
1925:
1870:
1857:
1840:
1803:
1783:
1740:
1735:Therizinosaurus
1671:
1619:
1614:Lingyuanosaurus
1571:Therizinosauria
1546:
1505:
1471:
1396:Parvicursorinae
1390:
1327:Alvarezsauridae
1321:
1246:
1234:
1170:
1157:
1128:
1108:
1081:
1075:Avemetatarsalia
1060:Avemetatarsalia
1050:
1006:
1005:
995:
990:
954:
949:
947:
920:
881:
868:
845:
836:
834:
820:
811:
809:
795:
792:
787:
786:
781:
777:
772:
768:
763:
759:
754:
750:
745:
664:procellariiform
597:
452:
379:Late Cretaceous
330:
327:
319:
318:
305:
302:B. advenus
284:
276:
262:
256:
243:
144:
122:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
47:83.5–80.5
46:
45:
42:Late Cretaceous
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4234:
4232:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4159:
4146:
4133:
4120:
4107:
4092:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4007:Archaeornithes
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3949:Protopelicanus
3945:
3938:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3913:Osteodontornis
3909:
3902:
3895:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:Dromornithidae
3806:
3799:
3790:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3746:
3744:
3742:Dromornithidae
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3720:
3717:Perplexicervix
3710:
3699:
3693:
3690:Incertae sedis
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3669:Pangalliformes
3662:
3660:
3658:Pangalliformes
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3639:
3637:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3583:
3581:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3496:
3489:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3427:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3304:
3302:Hesperornithes
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3274:
3272:Ichthyornithes
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3241:
3231:
3221:
3211:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3169:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3137:Similiyanornis
3133:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2978:
2976:Ambiortiformes
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2894:Zhongjianornis
2887:
2877:
2867:
2856:
2846:
2836:
2826:
2816:
2806:
2796:
2786:
2783:Jianchangornis
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2534:Enantiornithes
2527:
2525:
2523:Enantiornithes
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2449:Confuciusornis
2445:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2412:Omnivoropteryx
2407:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2378:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2292:
2281:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2208:
2197:
2186:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1913:
1910:Pneumatoraptor
1903:
1892:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1770:
1768:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1707:Neimongosaurus
1703:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1466:Trierarchuncus
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1362:Bonapartenykus
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1301:Shishugounykus
1297:
1290:
1283:
1280:Bonapartenykus
1276:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1221:
1211:
1200:
1189:
1177:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1004:
997:
996:
991:
989:
988:
981:
974:
966:
960:
959:
944:
943:
940:countershading
933:
927:
919:
918:External links
916:
915:
914:
879:
866:
843:
818:
791:
788:
785:
784:
775:
773:Person (2004).
766:
757:
747:
746:
744:
741:
672:junior synonym
638:Baptornithidae
624:Enantiornithes
610:Hesperornithes
596:
593:
577:gastric juices
479:epicontinental
451:
448:
356:
355:
345:Parascaniornis
339:
338:
332:
331:
328:
314:
313:
307:
306:
298:
296:
292:
291:
274:
270:
269:
260:Baptornithidae
254:
250:
249:
247:Hesperornithes
241:
234:
233:
228:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
39:
26:
24:
18:Parascaniornis
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4233:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Odontornithes
4025:
4023:
4022:Odontognathae
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3990:
3984:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:Barawertornis
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3646:Anserimorphae
3643:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3635:Anserimorphae
3632:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3591:
3590:Palaeognathae
3587:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3579:Palaeognathae
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3550:
3545:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3258:Tingmiatornis
3252:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:Antarcticavis
3171:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3121:Yanornithidae
3115:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3091:Songlingornis
3088:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3038:Longicrusavis
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:Hongshanornis
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3009:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2917:Mengciusornis
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2908:Schizoouridae
2902:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:Changzuiornis
2686:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2672:Brevidentavis
2666:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:Cretaaviculus
2209:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2090:Archaeopteryx
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2059:Yixianosaurus
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:Fujianvenator
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1951:Epidexipteryx
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1645:Beipiaosaurus
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1524:
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1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1377:Heptasteornis
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:Alvarezsaurus
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:Achillesaurus
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1318:
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1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
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1282:
1281:
1277:
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1270:
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1262:
1260:
1259:
1258:Achillesaurus
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1209:
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1187:
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1122:
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1120:
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982:
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975:
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964:
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934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
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917:
910:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:Palaeontology
885:
880:
876:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:
844:
833:on 1999-10-06
832:
828:
824:
819:
808:on 2016-03-04
807:
803:
799:
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719:
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711:
708:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:(loon) nor a
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:
643:
639:
636:
632:
627:
625:
621:
620:
619:Archaeopteryx
615:
611:
607:
606:
601:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:had powerful
574:
570:
566:
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469:
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461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
440:
439:Archaeopteryx
435:
431:
427:
425:
421:
417:
416:Turgai Strait
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
390:faunal stages
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:aquatic birds
372:
368:
364:
363:
354:
351:
347:
346:
340:
337:
333:
326:
324:
315:
312:
311:Binomial name
308:
304:
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297:
294:
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288:
283:
282:
275:
272:
271:
266:
261:
255:
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160:
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148:
143:
139:
134:
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125:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
50:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4071:
4037:Unenlagiidae
3962:
3955:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3899:Odontopteryx
3897:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3725:
3715:
3705:
3688:
3626:Galloanserae
3613:
3500:Lamarqueavis
3498:
3493:Cimolopteryx
3491:
3484:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3432:Australornis
3430:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3355:
3350:Pasquiaornis
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3286:
3279:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3186:
3175:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3104:
3096:
3089:
3083:Piscivoravis
3081:
3073:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
2998:
2990:
2983:
2962:Patagopteryx
2960:
2952:
2945:
2922:
2915:
2892:
2882:
2874:Xinghaiornis
2872:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2823:Khinganornis
2821:
2811:
2801:
2793:Jiuquanornis
2791:
2781:
2771:
2761:
2751:
2742:Gargantuavis
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2682:Changmaornis
2680:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2589:
2500:Jinguofortis
2498:
2491:
2484:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2417:
2410:
2384:
2353:Neimengornis
2351:
2344:
2338:Jixiangornis
2336:
2329:
2323:Dalianraptor
2321:
2297:
2286:
2275:
2265:
2257:Yandangornis
2255:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2213:
2202:
2192:
2156:Troodontidae
2145:Troodontidae
2102:
2097:Wellnhoferia
2095:
2088:
2080:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2014:
2009:Eosinopteryx
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1918:
1908:
1899:Palaeopteryx
1897:
1887:
1828:
1754:Pennaraptora
1733:
1726:
1719:
1714:Nothronychus
1712:
1705:
1698:
1693:Erlikosaurus
1691:
1686:Erliansaurus
1684:
1666:Suzhousaurus
1664:
1659:Martharaptor
1657:
1652:Enigmosaurus
1650:
1643:
1636:
1612:
1605:
1599:Fukuivenator
1597:
1590:
1584:Eshanosaurus
1582:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1520:Albertonykus
1518:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:Ceratonykini
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1438:Nemegtonykus
1436:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1314:
1308:Tugulusaurus
1306:
1299:
1292:
1287:Haplocheirus
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1226:
1218:Migmanychion
1216:
1205:
1196:Fukuivenator
1194:
1183:
1039:
1030:
1021:
891:
887:
874:
870:
853:
847:
835:. Retrieved
831:the original
826:
810:. Retrieved
806:the original
801:
778:
769:
760:
751:
722:
720:
713:
712:
709:
704:
698:
694:
691:South Dakota
687:Pierre Shale
682:
680:
675:
667:
646:
645:
637:
630:
628:
617:
603:
599:
598:
584:
572:
568:
562:
550:
548:
542:
539:earless seal
530:
525:
523:
510:
476:
459:
455:
453:
437:
428:
414:, where the
406:, a shallow
394:
393:
361:
360:
359:
344:
343:
342:
322:
317:
301:
300:
280:
279:
259:
237:
224:
211:
198:
185:
35:
29:
4191:Bird genera
4096:Wikispecies
3934:Proceriavis
3906:Odontoptila
3862:Gigantornis
3772:Ilbandornis
3707:Asteriornis
3448:Neogaeornis
3398:Hesperornis
3329:Chupkaornis
3281:Ichthyornis
3106:Yixianornis
3052:Tianyuornis
3000:Palintropus
2947:Alamitornis
2833:Meemannavis
2803:Juehuaornis
2722:Eogranivora
2662:Bellulornis
2486:Chongmingia
2236:Overoraptor
2226:Fukuipteryx
1889:Imperobator
1728:Segnosaurus
1493:Ceratonykus
1452:Parvicursor
1423:Khulsanurus
1416:Jaculinykus
1384:Patagonykus
1294:Patagonykus
1228:Yaverlandia
1168:Maniraptora
1155:Maniraptora
1114:Maniraptora
993:Maniraptora
849:Palaeoworld
733:Gaviiformes
724:Neogaeornis
605:Hesperornis
595:Systematics
567:, possibly
553:: Specimen
531:Hesperornis
529:opposed to
515:subtropical
329:Marsh, 1877
4185:Categories
4005:See also:
3927:Pelagornis
3795:Brontornis
3602:Neognathae
3521:see below↓
3486:Ceramornis
3456:Polarornis
3423:Vegaviidae
3391:Fumicollis
3357:Potamornis
3343:Judinornis
3336:Enaliornis
3160:Ornithurae
3130:Abitusavis
2924:Schizooura
2884:Yumenornis
2843:Platanavis
2813:Kaririavis
2763:Horezmavis
2702:Chaoyangia
2631:Euornithes
2618:Euornithes
2555:see below↓
2546:Euornithes
2493:Cratonavis
2369:Pygostylia
2346:Kompsornis
2331:Jeholornis
2267:Zhongornis
2194:Alcmonavis
2082:Alcmonavis
2052:Xiaotingia
2045:Serikornis
1988:Anchiornis
1944:Ambopteryx
1798:see below↓
1638:Alxasaurus
1527:Linhenykus
1511:Mononykini
1500:Xixianykus
1459:Qiupanykus
1445:Ondogurvel
1409:Dzharaonyx
1370:Bradycneme
1348:Alnashetri
1123:see below↓
1026:Dinosauria
790:References
715:Potamornis
705:B. advenus
683:B. advenus
676:B. advenus
652:Ivö Island
559:coprolites
543:Baptornis'
501:like some
472:mergansers
456:B. advenus
371:flightless
205:Saurischia
192:Dinosauria
4102:Baptornis
4072:Baptornis
4032:Sauriurae
4012:Carinatae
3848:Cyphornis
3834:Aequornis
3803:Gastornis
3765:Genyornis
3758:Dromornis
3315:Baptornis
3248:Limenavis
3228:Iaceornis
3218:Guildavis
3208:Gallornis
3198:Cerebavis
3188:Apatornis
2992:Apsaravis
2985:Ambiortus
2954:Kuszholia
2419:Sapeornis
2246:Rahonavis
2038:Pedopenna
1920:Rahonavis
1592:Falcarius
1534:Mononykus
1486:Albinykus
1316:Xiyunykus
1185:Elopteryx
1102:Theropoda
1087:Theropoda
1035:Theropoda
1009:Kingdom:
873:Baptornis
856:: 59–63.
743:Footnotes
735:, or the
668:Baptornis
660:gaviiform
642:monotypic
631:Baptornis
600:Baptornis
573:Baptornis
569:E. parvus
551:Baptornis
526:Baptornis
519:temperate
511:Baptornis
499:migratory
424:Holarctic
420:North Sea
408:shelf sea
387:Campanian
383:Coniacian
377:from the
362:Baptornis
350:Lambrecht
295:Species:
281:Baptornis
218:Theropoda
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
36:Baptornis
4116:47446299
4087:Q2701994
4081:Wikidata
4047:Category
3855:Dasornis
3727:Qinornis
3384:Canadaga
3322:Brodavis
3144:Yanornis
3098:Yanornis
3075:Hollanda
2773:Iteravis
2753:Hollanda
2712:Dingavis
2463:Yangavis
2387:Proornis
2031:Ostromia
1995:Aurornis
1541:Shuvuuia
1273:Bannykus
1017:Chordata
1015:Phylum:
1011:Animalia
700:Brodavis
614:dinosaur
585:Enchodus
564:Enchodus
537:like an
503:penguins
483:juvenile
444:Mesozoic
336:Synonyms
253:Family:
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
4155:4132105
4142:1005744
4129:4851545
3869:Laornis
3615:Neoaves
3463:Vegavis
3288:Janavis
2863:Wyleyia
2173:Avialae
2002:Caihong
1868:Paraves
1855:Paraves
1789:Paraves
896:Bibcode
622:or the
535:galumph
507:climate
468:darters
450:Ecology
434:fossils
385:to mid-
320:†
299:†
273:Genus:
231:Avialae
116:↓
3440:Maaqwi
3238:Kookne
2853:Vorona
2732:Gansus
2204:Balaur
1207:Kakuru
837:23 Aug
812:12 Jun
689:of SW
656:Sweden
635:family
581:pellet
495:Kansas
491:Alaska
487:Canada
412:Sweden
400:Kansas
352:, 1933
289:, 1877
267:, 1910
4168:36618
4137:IRMNG
1265:Aorun
1040:Clade
1031:Clade
1022:Clade
729:Chile
589:feces
513:were
367:genus
287:Marsh
238:Clade
225:Clade
212:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
4124:GBIF
3891:Manu
3667:see
3644:see
3588:see
2532:see
2154:see
2128:see
1775:see
1100:see
1073:see
839:2007
814:2012
555:UNSM
489:and
464:loon
55:PreꞒ
4111:EoL
1430:Kol
904:doi
858:doi
674:of
654:in
629:As
517:to
369:of
265:AOU
4187::
4165::
4152::
4139::
4126::
4113::
4098::
4083::
1965:Yi
1042::
1033::
1024::
902:.
892:48
890:.
886:.
854:21
852:.
825:.
800:.
739:.
707:.
626:.
591:.
571:.
541:,
521:.
474:.
426:.
373:,
240::
227::
214::
201::
188::
105:Pg
49:Ma
44:,
3952:?
3937:?
3894:?
3872:?
3822:†
3813:?
3798:?
3783:†
3739:†
3730:?
3723:†
3713:†
3703:†
3503:?
3474:†
3451:?
3443:?
3435:?
3420:†
3299:†
3269:†
3254:†
3244:†
3234:†
3224:†
3214:†
3204:†
3194:†
3184:†
3180:?
3173:†
3118:†
3109:?
3101:?
3086:?
3078:?
3063:†
3012:†
3003:?
2995:?
2973:†
2957:?
2935:†
2905:†
2890:†
2880:†
2870:†
2866:?
2859:†
2849:†
2839:†
2829:†
2819:†
2809:†
2799:†
2789:†
2779:†
2769:†
2759:†
2749:†
2745:?
2738:†
2728:†
2718:†
2708:†
2698:†
2688:†
2678:†
2668:†
2658:†
2648:†
2520:†
2474:†
2430:†
2404:?
2399:†
2389:"
2385:"
2382:†
2341:?
2326:?
2311:†
2302:?
2295:†
2291:?
2284:†
2280:?
2273:†
2263:†
2253:†
2249:?
2242:†
2232:†
2222:†
2218:?
2211:†
2207:?
2200:†
2190:†
2142:†
2116:†
2107:?
2085:?
2070:†
2026:?
1976:†
1936:?
1931:†
1916:†
1906:†
1902:?
1895:†
1885:†
1763:†
1602:?
1587:?
1568:†
1433:?
1387:?
1365:?
1343:?
1311:?
1268:?
1241:†
1231:?
1224:†
1214:†
1210:?
1203:†
1199:?
1192:†
1188:?
1181:†
985:e
978:t
971:v
912:.
906::
898::
864:.
860::
841:.
816:.
277:†
257:†
244:†
110:N
100:K
95:J
90:T
85:P
80:C
75:D
70:S
65:O
60:Ꞓ
20:)
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