492:
are treated with salt. Plants are also found in gaps in the mortar between bricks or stones of older or damp walls, on shingle, and at the bottom of hedges. Plant density is highest in old town centres, thinning out in the suburbs until it becomes virtually absent from the open countryside. This is presumably because it is highly palatable to livestock. It grows in conditions that few other plants can tolerate and, as a consequence, it is found in very species-poor communities, often with no other associates whatsoever.
436:
298:
484:
343:
271:
468:
77:
286:
33:
339:. Under normal circumstances they should be fairly easy to separate, as upright pellitory has erect stems and large leaves (up to 12 cm, compared to less than 6 cm) but in intermediate plants the flower anatomy needs to be examined. Upright pellitory has a larger female flower (2.75 cm or more) than spreading pellitory (2.25 cm of less), and it is much longer than the bracts rather than about the same length.
52:
314:(although towards the eastern part of its range, the presence of female flowers is less common.) The female flower has 4 perianth segments (petals) and is 2 mm diameter (in fruit). The hermaphroditic flowers are tubular and up to 3 mm across (in fruit), with 4-5 stamens, which mature first, and one stigma, which develops later. When a hermaphroditic flower first opens, the
496:
year, but the main flowering seasons are the autumn and spring in the
Mediterranean region, or summer in northern Europe. Flowering is strongly influenced by aspect (south-facing walls in the northern hemisphere), temperature (best in warmer countries) and climate change (increased flowering in a warming environment).
262:. It is native to the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, and is widely established worldwide as an urban weed. Its pollen is a significant cause of asthma and other allergies in warmer countries, but it is also valued as a contributor to biodiversity in polluted cities and it has been used as a medicinal herb.
611:) in the Mediterranean region, particularly at peak flowering times in the spring and autumn. One study estimated that the huge population of pellitory in a city in Greece could produce as many as 5.4 × 10 (5 billion) pollen grains per square metre during the spring months, causing many medical problems.
495:
In sheltered places, spreading pellitory is an evergreen plant which typically produces smaller leaves to survive the winter (in the north) or the summer months (in warmer countries), or it dies back to a dense tangle of woody stems in less hospitable spots. It can be found in flower at any time of
491:
In an urban landscape its main habitat is at the base of walls, where there is increased dampness, light shade and protection from trampling. It grows on bare soil or in the gap at the edge of the pavement and it is tolerant of light salinity, so it can occur in coastal towns and beside roads that
293:
The leaves are alternate, oval lanceolate, typically 3 cm long x 1.5 cm wide (exceptionally up to 6 cm x 3 cm) with a petiole about half as long as the blade. The veins on the lower side of the leaf are softly hairy, as are the leaf margins and the petiole. The upper surface is often glossy and
458:
It is a lowland plant, being recorded from sea level up to about 125 m in
California and no higher than 200 m anywhere in the United States. Altitudinal data for it is not collected in Britain, but analysis of the regions where it grows shows no land above 500 m and very little over 300 m.
475:
In its native habitat, spreading pellitory grows on rocks and bare ground in slightly damp and sheltered places such as seasonal river valleys in limestone areas of the
Eastern Mediterranean. It is, however, well adapted to synanthropic habitats in towns, where it can exploit the
645:; and around the stalks (as it were) sharp little seeds, catching hold of cloths." He considered it to be useful against all type of inflammation, oedema, and for many other purposes. Fifteen hundred years later the English herbalist
420:
In
England it is usually called "Pellitory-of-the-wall" (with the capital P and the hyphens) but elsewhere the less idiosyncratic name "spreading pellitory" is generally used, which contrasts well with "upright pellitory" for
305:
Flowering can occur all year in suitable conditions in Europe. The inflorescence consists of clusters in the leaf axils. Each cluster comprises 3-8 white or pink flowers, subtended by tiny bracts, of which typically one is
572:
in central Europe are L = 6, F = 7, R = 8, N = 7, and S = 1, which show that it favours damp, reasonably sunny places on slightly alkaline soils and rich fertility, and that it can occur in slightly brackish situations.
446:
The IUCN has not yet evaluated the global status of spreading pellitory, but in France, Britain and elsewhere it is considered unthreatened ("Least
Concern", or LC), although in some regions it is rarer; for example, in
621:
In herbal medicine it was supposed to be efficacious against kidney and bladder stones, presumably because its roots appear to be splitting stone walls. The celebrated herbalist of the early 20th century
824:
515:
community, OV41, which occurs on walls or coastal cliffs. The OV41a wall community is rather species-poor, with typically only about 7 other plants present in a sample, most commonly the mosses
443:
Spreading pellitory is a native of
Macaronesia, N. Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Central Himalaya but has been introduced to parts of north and south Americas, Scandinavia and Australia.
614:
It has been established in
Australia since 1902 or earlier, especially in Sydney, Melbourne and Freemantle, where it is considered a noxious weed. Control is effected by the application of
1509:
1151:
333:
Spreading pellitory is quite a distinctive plant. The species it is most likely to be confused with, where their ranges meet (e.g. in the eastern
Mediterranean), is upright pellitory,
282:
about 50 cm (up to 110 cm) tall with an upright to sprawling untidy habit. Plants can have many branched stems, which are pink or red and slightly woody and brittle at the base.
1940:
1294:
flowering phenology, pollen production, viability and atmospheric circulation, and expansive ability in the urban environment: impacts of environmental factors".
2015:
641:
is spreading pellitory. The description seems quite apt: "helxine grows in mounds and walls. It has thin little stalks, somewhat red, rough leaves similar to
480:
effect to thrive in colder climates. It has also become common in other continents, where it can benefit by competitive release from its pests and predators.
2210:
649:
gave a similar description but with the introduction of some errors such as opposite leaves, and considered it a useful antidiuretic and general cure-all.
1628:
500:
1888:
427:. Some popular sources give alternative nicknames "asthma weed" and '"sticky-weed" but it is, of course, not the only plant with these properties.
325:
and often fall with the perianth, which has a proportion of minutely hooked hairs that produce the "stickiness" for which the plant is well-known.
1966:
1901:
2110:
2051:
867:
733:
705:
1805:
2240:
2033:
549:
Spreading pellitory is tolerant of the high levels of heavy metal pollution caused by traffic in the urban environment. Metals such as
1800:
1493:
1242:
970:
920:
807:
626:
considered that its "action upon the urinary calculus is perhaps more marked than any other simple agent at present employed". Some
1016:
1927:
576:
This species is wind pollinated. Seeds are adhesive and transported by insects as well as other animals, people and machines.
2235:
2159:
1400:
373:(Latin): of Judaea, Jewish. This is the name that is widely used now, although for a long time British plants were known as
2089:
1971:
2002:
1337:
311:
307:
1258:
Dana, E.D.; Vivas, S.; Mota, J.F. (2002). "Urban vegetation of Almerı́a City—a contribution to urban ecology in Spain".
2225:
1953:
1764:
1731:
755:
318:'s filaments are so elastic that they spring suddenly outward, dispersing the pollen ballistically from the anthers.
414:
There are no accepted subspecies or varieties of spreading pellitory; nor does it hybridise with any other species.
76:
2164:
2123:
2020:
1534:
Stumvoll S, Westritschnig K, Lidholm J, Spitzauer S, Colombo P, Duro G, Kraft D, Geraci D, Valenta R (May 2003).
2230:
2056:
2128:
1857:
1702:
2220:
1852:
1779:
1664:
517:
483:
423:
335:
1769:
1906:
435:
297:
193:
1746:
342:
2043:
1813:
1624:
1290:
Fotiou, Christina; Damialis, Athanasios; Krigas, Nikolaos; Halley, John M.; Vokou, Despoina (2010). "
634:
1870:
2215:
591:) feed on pellitories, including spreading pelltiory, as do several species of aphid, most notably
366:
270:
41:
1994:
2182:
1865:
1589:
Proceedings of the Ninth
Australian Weed Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, August 6-10, 1990
217:
71:
2115:
1423:
467:
1945:
289:
After pollination, the fruit begins to develop; here the red feathery stigmas can still be seen
2064:
1787:
1592:
1561:
1489:
1396:
1238:
966:
916:
863:
803:
729:
701:
646:
642:
536:
477:
361:
274:
Close-up of a hermaphroditic flower before the stigma develops, showing the discharged anthers
2151:
2069:
1551:
1303:
1267:
840:
587:
581:
279:
1580:
527:. The OV41b coastal community, however, has an average of 17 species per sample, including
1020:
884:"Caroli Linnaei... Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas"
883:
569:
523:
255:
114:
2174:
603:
The pollen of spreading pellitory is one of the leading causes of respiratory allergies (
565:
accumulate within its tissues, and have been shown to cause increased pollen production.
2102:
285:
2097:
1844:
1713:
1459:
1323:
British Plant
Communities, vol. 5: Maritime communities and vegetation of open habitats
512:
408:
101:
32:
1271:
1013:
546:
community of old city walls is considered an important refuge for endangered species.
2204:
1441:
1360:
666:
627:
532:
528:
356:
209:
61:
56:
825:"Anther opening, pollen biology and stigma receptivity in the long blooming species
2187:
1792:
1206:
L. In Portugal, though, it has been recorded almost up to 1000m high (Flora on.pt)"
1723:
1389:
Ellenberg's indicator values for British plants. ECOFACT Volume 2. Technical Annex
1176:
1086:
1981:
1736:
2079:
2007:
1989:
1914:
1696:
1064:
844:
623:
1201:
1387:
1307:
1035:
615:
411:
for Jupiter (♃); This is simply a code to show that the plant is a perennial.
393:
259:
249:
170:
160:
1687:
1596:
936:
1958:
1839:
1826:
1115:
252:
2141:
1565:
778:
1556:
1535:
365:
in 1763, based on his description of a specimen collected in Palestine by
2136:
2028:
1681:
1646:
986:
608:
448:
127:
1880:
1756:
618:, although it can grow back quickly from the persistent soil seed bank.
1893:
554:
322:
150:
862:. Vol. 1 Lycopodiaceae — Salicaceae. Cambridge University Press.
487:
Spreading pellitory often grows from the gaps between bricks in a wall
1919:
913:
Botanical Latin: History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary
604:
558:
452:
315:
140:
1658:
633:
Some authors consider that the plant listed by the Greek herbalist
392:("borne on the wall"). The common name pellitory is most likely an
1932:
1831:
482:
466:
434:
341:
296:
284:
269:
88:
562:
550:
294:
either glabrous or with scattered hairs, and with sunken veins.
1818:
1662:
1611:
Hatfield's Herbal: The Curious Stories of Britain's Wild Plants
471:
A patch of spreading pellitory in its native habitat in Lebanon
1386:
Hill, M.O.; Mountford, J.O.; Roy, D.B.; Bunce, R.G.H. (1999).
1116:"Pariétaire de Judée, Pariétaire des murs, Pariétaire diffuse"
823:
Franchi, G.G.; Nepi, M.; Matthews, M.L.; Pacini, E. (2007).
451:
it is classified as endangered (EN) and it is absent from
355:
The scientific name for spreading pellitory was coined by
1365:
L.): a possible biomonitor of heavy metal pollution"
1140:. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
630:
apparently use it to treat sores, ulcers and piles.
1671:
535:. It can also contain several rare species such as
1585:L., an ellergenic weed in south-eastern Australia"
1138:The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain
301:Close-up of a leaf, showing venation and hairiness
963:Hybridization and the Flora of the British Isles
439:A typical patch of spreading pellitory in flower
1536:"Identification of cross-reactive and genuine
8:
1359:Aksoy, A.; Osma, E.; Leblebici, Z. (2012).
1114:Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel.
1659:
749:
747:
745:
501:British National Vegetation Classification
346:A length of stem with a cluster of flowers
50:
31:
20:
1555:
1464:Database of Insects and their Food Plants
1448:. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network.
1285:
1283:
1281:
579:The larvae of the red admiral butterfly (
1325:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1228:
1226:
906:
904:
793:
791:
719:
717:
1030:
1028:
726:The Vegetative Key to the British Flora
691:
689:
658:
1338:"Flora und Vegetation von Stadtmauern"
384:is derived from the Latin for "wall",
1136:Cheffings, C.M.; Farrell, L. (2005).
994:Global Biodiversity Information Forum
915:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
7:
2165:63770212-1cad-4edc-8e43-884575ca3084
2044:13874dea-c324-4d7e-9f30-a1ddb4b03aca
1395:. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.
724:Poland, John; Clement, Eric (2009).
2211:IUCN Red List least concern species
858:Sell, Peter; Murrell, Gina (2018).
278:Spreading pellitory is a perennial
860:Flora of Great Britain and Ireland
417:Its chromosome number is 2n = 26.
14:
1579:Bass, D.A.; Clements, A. (1990).
700:. Suffolk: C & M Floristics.
2129:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:854934-1
585:) and the Bloxworth snout moth (
75:
1488:. Harpenden: Brambleby Books.
698:New Flora of the British Isles
1:
1272:10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00039-7
1075:. NSW Department of Industry.
888:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1260:Landscape and Urban Planning
728:. Southampton: John Poland.
369:(hence the specific epithet
2241:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1645:Culpeper, Nicholas (1850).
1274:– via Science Direct.
1094:European Environment Agency
1045:. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew
911:Stearn, William T. (1980).
845:10.1016/j.flora.2006.03.005
542:In continental Europe, the
2257:
1369:Pakistan Journal of Botany
1043:Plants of the World Online
16:Species of flowering plant
1514:Plant Parasites of Europe
1336:Brandes, Dietmar (1992).
1308:10.1007/s00484-010-0307-3
407:Linnaeus assigned it the
359:in the second edition of
223:
216:
199:
192:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1581:"Biology and control of
1544:J. Allergy Clin. Immunol
321:The fruits are blackish
1651:. London: Thomas Kelly.
1233:Mabey, Richard (1996).
1202:"Pellitory-of-the-wall
941:Anglo-Norman Dictionary
754:Townsend, C.C. (1968).
431:Distribution and status
1486:The Flora of Berkshire
1484:Crawley, M.J. (2005).
1430:. Plants for a Future.
1361:"Spreading Pellitory (
1321:Rodwell, J.S. (2000).
1237:. Reed International.
1181:Flora of North America
758:Parietaria officinalis
518:Homalothecium sericeum
488:
472:
440:
424:Parietaria officinalis
347:
336:Parietaria officinalis
310:and the other 2-7 are
302:
290:
275:
230:Mert. & W.D.J.Koch
2236:Flora of North Africa
1557:10.1067/mai.2003.1376
798:Grieve, Maud (1931).
486:
470:
438:
345:
300:
288:
273:
1591:. pp. 516–520.
1460:"Parietaria judaica"
1177:"Parietaria judaica"
1152:"Parietaria judaica"
961:Stace, C.A. (1975).
696:Stace, C.A. (2019).
388:, via the adjective
1648:The Complete Herbal
1629:"De Materia Medica"
1510:"Aphis parietariae"
1296:Int. J. Biometeorol
777:: 6. Archived from
463:Habitat and ecology
380:. The generic name
367:Fredrik Hasselqvist
246:spreading pellitory
42:Conservation status
2226:Flora of Australia
2080:Parietaria_judaica
2034:Parietaria~judaica
1871:Parietaria judaica
1806:Parietaria_judaica
1703:Parietaria judaica
1673:Parietaria judaica
1583:Parietaria judaica
1538:Parietaria judaica
1444:Parietaria judaica
1426:Parietaria judaica
1363:Parietaria judaica
1292:Parietaria judaica
1204:Parietaria judaica
1089:Parietaria judaica
1067:Parietaria judaica
1038:Parietaria judaica
1019:2009-11-16 at the
989:Parietaria judaica
965:. Academic Press.
827:Parietaria judaica
669:Parietaria judaica
505:Parietaria diffusa
489:
473:
441:
378:Mertens & Koch
375:Parietaria diffusa
348:
303:
291:
276:
248:, is a species of
241:Parietaria judaica
227:Parietaria diffusa
203:Parietaria judaica
25:Parietaria judaica
2198:
2197:
2065:Open Tree of Life
1665:Taxon identifiers
1540:pollen allergens"
869:978-0-521-55335-3
735:978-0-9560144-0-5
707:978-1-5272-2630-2
647:Nicholas Culpeper
593:Aphis parietariae
513:phytosociological
478:urban heat island
405:Species Plantarum
379:
362:Species Plantarum
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236:
231:
65:
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829:L. (Urticaceae)"
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599:Uses and effects
588:Hypena obsitalis
582:Vanessa atalanta
570:Ellenberg values
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852:
822:
821:
817:
810:
800:A Modern Herbal
797:
796:
789:
781:
766:
753:
752:
743:
736:
723:
722:
715:
708:
695:
694:
687:
679:
677:
665:
664:
660:
655:
601:
524:Tortula muralis
465:
433:
353:
331:
268:
256:flowering plant
212:
207:
201:
188:
185:P. judaica
74:
66:
55:
51:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:wfo-0000473199
2179:
2169:
2156:
2146:
2133:
2120:
2107:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2061:
2048:
2038:
2025:
2012:
1999:
1986:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1774:
1761:
1751:
1741:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1693:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1637:
1616:
1602:
1571:
1526:
1501:
1494:
1476:
1451:
1433:
1415:
1401:
1378:
1351:
1328:
1313:
1277:
1266:(4): 203–216.
1250:
1243:
1222:
1193:
1168:
1143:
1128:
1106:
1078:
1056:
1024:
1006:
978:
971:
953:
928:
921:
900:
875:
868:
850:
839:(2): 118–127.
815:
808:
787:
784:on 2011-07-26.
741:
734:
713:
706:
685:
675:The Plant List
657:
656:
654:
651:
600:
597:
544:Parietanetalia
464:
461:
432:
429:
396:corruption of
352:
349:
330:
329:Identification
327:
312:hermaphroditic
267:
264:
258:in the family
235:
234:
233:
232:
221:
220:
214:
213:
208:
197:
196:
190:
189:
182:
180:
176:
175:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
68:
67:
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2253:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Flora of Asia
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1625:Dioscorides P
1620:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1495:0-9543347-4-4
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1416:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1375:(1): 123–127.
1374:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1244:1-85619-377-2
1240:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1157:
1156:Jepson eFlora
1153:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1057:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
995:
992:
990:
982:
979:
974:
972:0-12-661650-7
968:
964:
957:
954:
942:
938:
932:
929:
924:
922:0-7153-5645-3
918:
914:
907:
905:
901:
889:
885:
879:
876:
871:
865:
861:
854:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
828:
819:
816:
811:
809:0-486-22798-7
805:
801:
794:
792:
788:
780:
776:
772:
765:
763:
759:
750:
748:
746:
742:
737:
731:
727:
720:
718:
714:
709:
703:
699:
692:
690:
686:
676:
672:
670:
662:
659:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
628:Romani people
625:
619:
617:
612:
610:
606:
598:
596:
594:
590:
589:
584:
583:
577:
574:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
493:
485:
481:
479:
469:
462:
460:
456:
454:
450:
444:
437:
430:
428:
426:
425:
418:
415:
412:
410:
409:planet symbol
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:
358:
350:
344:
340:
338:
337:
328:
326:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
299:
295:
287:
283:
281:
272:
265:
263:
261:
257:
254:
251:
247:
243:
242:
228:
225:
224:
222:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
198:
195:
194:Binomial name
191:
187:
186:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:Tracheophytes
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
57:Least Concern
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1672:
1647:
1640:
1619:
1610:
1605:
1588:
1582:
1574:
1550:(5): 974–9.
1547:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1485:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:
1454:
1443:
1436:
1425:
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1388:
1381:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1234:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1203:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:
1088:
1081:
1073:NSW WeedWise
1072:
1066:
1065:"Pellitory (
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1042:
1037:
1014:Sydney Weeds
1009:
997:. Retrieved
993:
988:
981:
962:
956:
944:. Retrieved
940:
931:
912:
891:. Retrieved
887:
878:
859:
853:
836:
832:
826:
818:
799:
779:the original
774:
770:
761:
757:
725:
697:
678:, retrieved
674:
668:
661:
638:
632:
620:
613:
602:
592:
586:
580:
578:
575:
567:
548:
543:
541:
537:wild cabbage
522:
516:
508:
504:
498:
494:
490:
474:
457:
455:altogether.
445:
442:
422:
419:
416:
413:
404:
402:
397:
389:
385:
381:
374:
370:
360:
354:
334:
332:
320:
304:
292:
277:
245:
240:
239:
238:
226:
202:
200:
184:
183:
171:
134:
121:
108:
95:
24:
18:
2103:kew-2546385
1990:NatureServe
1915:iNaturalist
1697:Wikispecies
635:Dioscorides
624:Maud Grieve
533:wild carrot
308:female-only
266:Description
115:Angiosperms
2216:Parietaria
2205:Categories
2098:Plant List
1777:Calflora:
1519:24 January
1469:16 January
1402:1870393481
1348:: 315–339.
1215:31 January
1186:31 January
1161:31 January
1121:24 January
1099:24 January
1049:23 January
999:29 January
946:30 January
893:24 January
762:P. judaica
680:2013-11-02
653:References
616:glyphosate
529:red fescue
511:) its own
509:P. judaica
398:Parietaria
394:Old French
390:parietalis
382:Parietaria
260:Urticaceae
250:herbaceous
172:Parietaria
161:Urticaceae
1858:233500864
1840:FloraBase
1597:154211543
1302:: 35–50.
937:"Piretre"
802:. Dover.
253:perennial
179:Species:
85:Kingdom:
2160:VicFlora
2142:33400323
2137:Tropicos
2077:PalDat:
2029:NSWFlora
1995:2.150085
1946:11426326
1933:854934-1
1801:eFloraSA
1754:BioLib:
1682:Wikidata
1566:12743560
1342:Tuexenia
1017:Archived
771:Watsonia
609:rhinitis
449:Lorraine
357:Linnaeus
351:Taxonomy
218:Synonyms
157:Family:
128:Eudicots
62:IUCN 3.1
1894:5361801
1747:62-14-3
1688:Q147991
643:mercury
639:Helxine
555:cadmium
371:judaica
323:achenes
167:Genus:
151:Rosales
147:Order:
89:Plantae
60: (
2152:448236
2149:uBio:
2111:PLANTS
2070:925303
2041:NZOR:
1959:116153
1907:402656
1881:PARJUD
1878:FoIO:
1819:594607
1770:291880
1744:APSA:
1724:155240
1721:APDB:
1711:AoFP:
1595:
1564:
1492:
1408:29 May
1399:
1241:
969:
919:
866:
806:
732:
704:
605:asthma
559:copper
507:(i.e.
503:gives
453:Alsace
386:paries
316:stamen
141:Rosids
2172:WoI:
2087:PFI:
2052:NZPCN
2021:33127
1972:19167
1941:IRMNG
1920:57281
1866:FoAO2
1832:PAIDI
1793:4DMBB
1737:96992
1632:(PDF)
1393:(PDF)
833:Flora
782:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
2124:POWO
2116:PAJU
2057:3471
2016:NCBI
1982:2755
1967:ITIS
1928:IPNI
1902:GRIN
1889:GBIF
1845:1763
1827:EPPO
1780:6066
1765:BOLD
1757:3534
1732:APNI
1593:OCLC
1562:PMID
1521:2024
1490:ISBN
1471:2024
1410:2017
1397:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1217:2024
1188:2024
1163:2024
1123:2024
1101:2024
1051:2024
1001:2024
967:ISBN
948:2024
917:ISBN
895:2024
864:ISBN
804:ISBN
760:and
730:ISBN
702:ISBN
607:and
568:Its
563:zinc
561:and
551:lead
531:and
521:and
499:The
280:herb
2183:WFO
2175:794
2090:305
2003:NBN
1954:ISC
1853:FNA
1814:EoL
1788:CoL
1714:199
1552:doi
1548:111
1304:doi
1268:doi
1091:L."
1040:L."
991:L."
841:doi
837:202
637:as
403:In
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1943::
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1917::
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1829::
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1587:.
1560:.
1546:.
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1373:44
1371:.
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64:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
