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59:
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Much of the original native vegetation has been displaced because of human activity, including felling forests for timber and firewood, clearing vegetation for grazing and agriculture, and introducing foreign plants and animals into the islands. The laurisilva
1101:
222:
In 2022, Macaronesia had an estimated combined population of 3,222,054 people; 2,172,944 (67%) in the Canary
Islands, 561,901 (17%) in Cape Verde, 250,769 (8%) in Madeira, and 236,440 (7%) in the Azores.
607:, once covered most of the Azores, Madeira, and parts of the Canaries at an altitude of between 400 and 1,200 metres (1,300 and 3,900 ft), the eastern Canaries and Cape Verde being too dry.
1301:
216:
599:
is named after
Macaronesia. Because none of the Macaronesian islands were ever part of any continent, all of the native plants and animals reached the islands via long-distance dispersal.
717:
regulations, have resulted in the protection of large stretches of land and sea in the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary
Islands, totalling 5,000 km (1,900 sq mi).
1255:
519:. Due to the geographic location, varied relief and altitudinal ranges, the Macaronesian mountains represent a wide range of climates. These climates include
654:, which are found in the Macaronesian laurel forests, are also known, from fossil evidence, to have flourished around the Mediterranean before the ice ages.
1722:
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702: – currently pose one of the most serious threats to the endemic fauna. Even though cats prey mostly on other foreign-introduced mammals, such as
2701:
1072:
814:
102:
1256:"Resident population (No.) by Place of residence, Sex and Age group; Decennial - Statistics Portugal, Population and housing census - 2021"
28:
149:
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952:
478:
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1175:
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1413:
375:
133:
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is in the
African plate, the rest of the islands are in the diffuse boundary between the Eurasian and the African plates.
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1102:"The 1998 Faial earthquake, Azores: Evidence for a transform fault associated with the Nubia–Eurasia plate boundary?"
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and rabbits, the abundance of such prey sustains such a large feline population that it has initiated a so-called
449:
1646:
1388:
1183:(2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases for Plant Sciences. p. 37. Archived from
571:
528:
1058:
Nunes, João Carlos (2014). "The Azores
Archipelago: Islands of Geodiversity". In Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia (ed.).
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process, which further increases that population's negative impact on the number of endemic reptiles and birds.
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that is unique in the world. They are home to several distinct plant and animal communities. Notably, the
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273:, an unrelated group of archipelagos in the Pacific Ocean whose English name is also derived from Greek.
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Marques, Fernando; Catalão, João; Hildenbrand, Anthony; Costa, Ana; Dias, Nuno (21 October 2014).
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2059:
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1968:
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1990:
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578:, when the climate of that region was more humid. These plant species, many of which are
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58:
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2020:
1921:
1788:
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1429:
848:
695:
586:
563:
504:
266:). The term fell out of use until it was revived in 1917 with its current meaning.
188:
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has been reduced to small disconnected pockets. As a result, many of the endemic
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1985:
1973:
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156:. Politically, the islands belonging to Portugal and Spain are part of the
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2015:
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Since 2001, the
European Union's conservation efforts, mandated by its
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626:
615:
512:
463: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
410:
269:
The name is occasionally misspelled "Macronesia" in false analogy with
207:, the three archipelagos within the European Union constitute a unique
117:
582:, have evolved to adapt to the islands' variable climatic conditions.
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places the whole of
Macaronesia in its botanical continent of Africa.
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1958:
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in the Azores. Macaronesian islands are created by volcanic activity.
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on the ocean floor whose peaks have risen above the ocean's surface.
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in origin, and are thought to be the product of several geologic
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In some locations, there are variations in climate due to the
432:
16:
Archipelagos off the
Atlantic coast of North Africa and Europe
1281:"The Historical Thesaurus of English; entry for Macarnonesia"
931:
Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Troll, Valentin R. (1 January 2021).
614:
and northwestern Africa before the cooling and drying of the
261:
255:
112:
Each of the archipelagos is a distinct political entity: the
933:"North-East Atlantic Islands: The Macaronesian Archipelagos"
610:
These forests resemble the ancient forests that covered the
1177:
217:
1210:"Población por comunidades y ciudades autónomas y sexo"
666:
Remaining patches of Macaronesia's threatened primeval
1331:"Stray pets: Cat diet in Macaronesia (Atlantic Ocean)"
1389:
European Union: Report on biodiversity in Macaronesia
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1742:
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1637:
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1581:
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160:. Geologically, most of Macaronesia is part of the
670:forest, except in Cape Verde, were protected by
851:are in the North American plate, the island of
562:forests of Macaronesia are a type of mountain
199:while the other three archipelagos are in the
1716:
1414:
101:. Each archipelago is made up of a number of
8:
1394:Review on cats' diet on Macaronesian islands
1723:
1709:
1701:
1421:
1407:
1399:
694:Introduced predators – in particular
328:The flags of the Macaronesian archipelagos
1169:
1167:
479:Learn how and when to remove this message
57:
977:"Countries: UCLA Africa Studies Center"
868:
836:
926:
924:
815:List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean
7:
574:that originally covered much of the
461:adding citations to reliable sources
338:. In alphabetical order, these are:
242:to refer to any islands west of the
85:) is a collection of four volcanic
945:10.1016/B978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8
334:Macaronesia consists of four main
14:
687:of the islands are now seriously
213:Macaronesian Biogeographic Region
1376:
1231:"Population, total - Cabo Verde"
1027:"Makavol 2010 Teneguia Workshop"
903:"The Nine Islands of the Azores"
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755:
741:
727:
585:The Macaronesian islands have a
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403:
399:, a member of the United Nations
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343:
318:
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2702:Landforms of the Atlantic Ocean
511:The islands of Macaronesia are
448:needs additional citations for
1657:Central Australian or Eremaean
283:List of islands in Macaronesia
1:
1061:Volcanic Tourist Destinations
795:Geology of the Canary Islands
543:in the Canary Islands; and a
1302:"Macaronesian Climate Atlas"
531:climates in the Azores; the
262:
1121:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.024
1032:. Avcan.org. Archived from
205:European Environment Agency
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1685:South Subantarctic Islands
499:from the 1957 eruption of
280:
256:
18:
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1352:"The Macaronesian Region"
1147:"The Macaronesian Region"
535:climates in Madeira; the
246:. It is derived from the
1528:St. Helena and Ascension
1174:Brummitt, R. K. (2001).
1067:. Springer. p. 57.
1002:"Canary Islands – Spain"
252:islands of the fortunate
103:Atlantic oceanic islands
19:Not to be confused with
2697:Geographical neologisms
1460:North American Atlantic
1329:Jorge (28 March 2013).
937:Encyclopedia of Geology
877:"Where Is Macaronesia?"
235:was originally used by
2641:Eastern Slovak Lowland
2636:Little Hungarian Plain
1779:Scandinavian Peninsula
981:International.UCLA.edu
675:
618:. Trees of the genera
508:
195:archipelago is in the
162:African tectonic plate
105:, which are formed by
82:
74:
63:
2631:Great Hungarian Plain
2616:Pontic–Caspian steppe
1621:South African Kingdom
1500:Paleotropical Kingdom
1354:. European Commission
1006:greenwichmeantime.com
800:Geology of Cape Verde
790:Geology of the Azores
763:European Union portal
665:
601:Laurel-leaved forests
494:
429:Geography and geology
281:Further information:
61:
44:24.25667°N 22.47111°W
2144:North European Plain
1385:at Wikimedia Commons
939:. pp. 674–699.
541:semi-desert climates
457:improve this article
376:autonomous community
134:autonomous community
91:North Atlantic Ocean
2687:Floristic provinces
2116:East European Plain
1952:Carpathian Ruthenia
1583:Neotropical Kingdom
658:Conservation issues
612:Mediterranean Basin
576:Mediterranean Basin
570:plant species of a
495:Layers of volcanic
244:Strait of Gibraltar
203:. According to the
168:are located in the
93:, off the coast of
49:24.25667; -22.47111
40: /
2430:Tuscan Archipelago
2308:Cotentin Peninsula
1897:Danubian countries
1639:Australian Kingdom
1190:on 25 January 2016
1127:on 14 January 2024
1081:on 14 January 2024
909:. 20 November 2016
805:Geology of Madeira
676:
509:
197:Afrotropical realm
122:autonomous regions
64:
2692:Floristic regions
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2661:Regions of Europe
2425:Italian Peninsula
2318:Upper Rhine Plain
1698:
1697:
1667:Antarctic Kingdom
1596:Guayana Highlands
1513:Usambara-Zululand
1442:Holarctic Kingdom
1430:Floristic regions
1381:Media related to
1074:978-3-642-16190-2
820:Regions of Europe
700:feral populations
529:humid subtropical
489:
488:
481:
419:autonomous region
355:autonomous region
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2601:Slavic countries
2442:Aegadian Islands
2258:Germania Slavica
2126:Cap of the North
2060:Greater Caucasus
2026:Karelian Isthmus
1969:Sambia Peninsula
1879:Cap of the North
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1680:Chile-Patagonian
1518:Sudano-Zambezian
1508:Guineo-Congolian
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1123:. Archived from
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1077:. Archived from
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1039:on 25 April 2012
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1016:
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777:Geography portal
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533:tropical savanna
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2626:Pannonian Basin
2611:Eurasian Steppe
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2523:Opuntian Locris
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2303:Channel Islands
2298:English Channel
2264:
2130:
2104:Southern Russia
2099:Taman Peninsula
2082:European Russia
1991:Lithuania Minor
1964:Sloboda Ukraine
1883:
1859:Channel Islands
1854:English Channel
1834:Gulf of Finland
1829:Gulf of Bothnia
1738:
1729:
1699:
1694:
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1633:
1615:
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1455:Eastern Asiatic
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785:Fortunate Isles
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572:vegetation type
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413:(including the
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211:, known as the
189:biogeographical
170:triple junction
146:sovereign state
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2471:Meseta Central
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2109:Kola Peninsula
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2070:South Caucasus
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2065:North Caucasus
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2483:Southeastern
2360:Gulf of Lion
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2038:Southeastern
2021:East Karelia
1922:Transylvania
1789:Baltoscandia
1784:Fennoscandia
1769:Northwestern
1690:Neozeylandic
1675:Fernandezian
1470:Macaronesian
1469:
1450:Circumboreal
1356:. Retrieved
1346:
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1324:
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1185:the original
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1125:the original
1115:: 116, 122.
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1079:the original
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1034:the original
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691:or extinct.
677:
674:law in 2001.
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587:biogeography
584:
564:cloud forest
558:effect. The
553:
510:
475:
466:
455:Please help
450:verification
447:
336:archipelagos
333:
277:Archipelagos
268:
232:
230:
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191:system, the
186:
172:between the
111:
95:North Africa
87:archipelagos
66:
65:
25:
2682:Macaronesia
2648:Macaronesia
2621:Wild Fields
2570:Alpide belt
2538:Peloponnese
2392:Alpide belt
2323:Upper Rhine
2164:Alpide belt
1986:Izium Trail
1974:Amber Coast
1814:West Nordic
1774:Scandinavia
1543:Indochinese
1523:Karoo-Namib
1383:Macaronesia
1314:28 February
1265:17 November
1240:17 November
1215:15 November
1043:2 September
853:Santa Maria
825:West Africa
715:Natura 2000
556:rain shadow
547:climate in
240:geographers
233:Macaronesia
83:Macaronesia
75:Macaronésia
67:Macaronesia
62:Macaronesia
47: /
2676:Categories
2543:Chalkidiki
2503:Aegean Sea
2461:Al-Andalus
2370:Al-Andalus
2350:Septimania
2313:Doggerland
2179:Westphalia
2174:Eastphalia
2154:Baltic Sea
2121:Ryn Desert
2033:Lokhaniemi
2011:Vyborg Bay
2006:Baltic Sea
1937:Bessarabia
1824:Baltic Sea
1563:Polynesian
1533:Madagascan
1235:World Bank
1131:14 January
1085:14 January
881:WorldAtlas
863:References
698:, many in
689:endangered
668:laurisilva
621:Apollonias
605:laurisilva
596:Macaroeris
560:laurisilva
549:Cape Verde
501:Capelinhos
393:Cape Verde
271:Micronesia
193:Cape Verde
142:Cape Verde
71:Portuguese
35:22°28′16″W
32:24°15′24″N
21:Micronesia
2451:Occitania
2415:Po Valley
2288:Northwest
2221:Pomerelia
2216:Pomerania
2169:Rhineland
1917:Wallachia
1652:Southwest
1647:Northeast
1606:Brazilian
1601:Amazonian
1591:Caribbean
1553:Papuasian
963:226588940
603:, called
469:June 2018
231:The name
227:Etymology
209:bioregion
107:seamounts
2586:Germanic
2387:Pyrenees
2345:Brittany
2340:Normandy
2253:Germania
2233:Bukovina
2226:Kashubia
2077:Kabardia
2055:Caucasus
1947:Ruthenia
1932:Bukovina
1927:Moldavia
1912:Volhynia
1568:Hawaiian
1548:Malesian
1309:Aemet.es
721:See also
651:Picconia
633:Dracaena
616:ice ages
545:tropical
517:hotspots
513:volcanic
423:Portugal
359:Portugal
184:plates.
178:Eurasian
140:, while
126:Portugal
2591:Romance
2579:Related
2548:Aetolia
2533:Megaris
2518:Boeotia
2498:Balkans
2493:Rumelia
2419:Padania
2355:Batavia
2335:Gascony
2278:Benelux
2248:Polesia
2204:Silesia
2199:Moravia
2194:Bohemia
2189:Lusatia
2184:Prussia
2136:Central
2043:Balkans
2016:Karelia
1942:Livonia
1907:Galicia
1902:Prussia
1864:Livonia
1839:Iceland
1799:Gotland
1794:Jutland
1732:Regions
1490:Madrean
1432:of the
1336:18 June
1286:12 July
1194:6 April
1011:18 June
986:18 June
704:rodents
681:habitat
627:Clethra
580:endemic
521:oceanic
411:Madeira
187:In one
174:African
152:of the
118:Madeira
89:in the
79:Spanish
2596:Celtic
2558:Istria
2528:Phocis
2513:Attica
2488:Epirus
2456:Iberia
2365:Iberia
2238:Istria
2149:Baltic
2087:Arctic
2050:Crimea
2001:Baltic
1959:Donbas
1819:Baltic
1809:Ingria
1764:Nordic
1752:Arctic
1736:Europe
1611:Andean
1558:Fijian
1538:Indian
1358:17 May
1156:8 July
1071:
961:
951:
913:8 June
907:Azores
887:8 July
845:Flores
648:, and
645:Persea
639:Ocotea
593:genus
568:relict
537:desert
527:, and
497:tephra
408:
390:
369:
351:Azores
348:
215:. The
180:, and
166:Azores
164:. The
150:member
132:is an
128:, the
114:Azores
99:Europe
2410:Italy
2402:South
1804:Sápmi
1744:North
1434:world
1305:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
1181:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
1065:(PDF)
1037:(PDF)
1030:(PDF)
959:S2CID
849:Corvo
831:Notes
685:biota
566:with
505:Faial
380:Spain
248:Greek
144:is a
138:Spain
2330:Gaul
2270:West
1889:East
1629:Cape
1360:2017
1338:2019
1316:2021
1288:2024
1267:2022
1242:2022
1217:2022
1196:2016
1158:2019
1133:2024
1087:2024
1069:ISBN
1045:2013
1013:2019
988:2019
949:ISBN
915:2024
889:2019
847:and
539:and
148:and
120:are
116:and
97:and
1734:of
1260:INE
1117:doi
1113:633
941:doi
503:on
459:by
421:of
417:):
378:of
357:of
254:' (
136:of
124:of
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1166:^
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923:^
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879:.
672:EU
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636:,
630:,
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476:(
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467:(
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69:(
23:.
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