478:. In particular, increasingly far-reaching powers, in terms of online searches and source telecommunication surveillance by law enforcement agencies, raise the question of who actually monitors these measures, especially since the technology used is presumably the same. At any rate, the responsible Interior Committee of the German Bundestag does not currently receive any such information due to the secrecy interests of the federal government.
110:
of the federal intelligence services at any time (Section 5 (1) PKGrG). It may question members of the intelligence services, employees and members of the
Federal Government and employees of other federal authorities after informing the federal government, or obtain written information from them. The persons to be heard are obliged to provide complete and truthful information (Section 5 (2) PKGrG).
218:, was initially not confirmed by the Bundestag in December 2009, a hitherto unique occurrence. In a second vote on January 20, 2010, Nešković was then re-elected to the PKGr in a roll call vote with 320 votes in favor, 226 against, and 35 abstentions. After resigning from his parliamentary group, he left the PKGr in December 2012, and was succeeded by
261:
until the subsequent German
Bundestag has decided on a new composition (Section 3 (4) PKGrG). Such a situation existed, for example, on October 24, 2013, when, in connection with the 2013 surveillance and espionage affair and indications of eavesdropping by the United States of America on Chancellor Angela Merkel, the FDP members of the
126:)'s ruling 2 BvE 5/06, the federal government's argument that intelligence matters are to be discussed exclusively in the PKGr and not made public is inadmissible because the parliamentary right to ask questions also extends to the federal intelligence services. Three copies of the minutes of the PKGr's meetings are produced.
251:
initiated a reform of the
Control Body Act, whereupon on 1. July 2014, several measures to increase oversight of the intelligence services were reported: Among other things, a Permanent Plenipotentiary (Intelligence Commissioner of the Bundestag) was established to support the PKGr. The PKGr was also
453:
In addition, there are calls for the PKGr to be given the rights of a committee of inquiry in order to be able to effectively investigate breaches of the law (currently, for example, no evidence can be collected or witnesses summoned). However, the German
Bundestag has the right to set up committees
260:
The PKGr can include transitional members who are no longer members of the
Bundestag: In order to ensure uninterrupted oversight of the federal intelligence services, the Parliamentary Oversight Panel continues to carry out its activities beyond the end of an electoral period of the German Bundestag
449:
Although the
Control Body Act does not provide for sanctions in the event of non-compliance with information obligations by the responsible intelligence service employees and preventive control of intelligence-related ones. However, restriction measures under the Article 10 Act must in principle be
113:
Insofar as this is necessary for compelling reasons of access to intelligence or for reasons of protecting the personal rights of third parties, or if the core area of executive responsibility is affected, the
Federal Government may both refuse to inform the PKGr about general activities and events
109:
To the extent that the right of control of the PKGr extends, it may demand that the
Federal Government and the intelligence agencies hand over files or other documents in official custody, if necessary also in the original, and transmit data stored in files. It must be granted access to all offices
481:
Time and again, information from secret meetings of the PKGr is leaked to the mass media and thus reaches the public, including from the report on the BND journalist scandal. This could lead to the federal government making more frequent use of its right to refuse to provide information (Section 6
129:
Employees of the federal intelligence services are permitted to address the
Parliamentary Oversight Panel directly in official matters as well as in cases of internal grievances, without following official channels. They may not be reprimanded or discriminated against in the service because of the
117:
The members of the PKGr are regularly given an insight into the work of the federal intelligence services by the federal government. Since their work is naturally to remain secret, the members of the PKGr are bound to secrecy, even towards the other members of the
Bundestag (Section 10 (1) PKGrG).
465:
Organizations such as netzpolitik.org also criticize the fact that the PKGr is almost completely deprived of data on cooperation with foreign intelligence services, for example. Furthermore, it is critically noted that the PKGr controls the intelligence services of the federal government, but not
105:
At the beginning of each legislative period, the German Bundestag elects the members of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel from among its members (Section 2 (1) PKGrG). It determines the number of members, the composition, and the working methods of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel (Section 2 (2)
445:
The PKGr is sometimes described as "toothless," i.e., without any real power. In the past, for example, intelligence services could sometimes only be visited with advance notice, and members of the PKGr reported that intelligence service employees had told them the untruth on several occasions.
106:
PKGrG). The Parliamentary Oversight Panel meets at least once every quarter. It elects a chairperson and their deputy. It adopts its own rules of procedure (Section 3 (1) PKGrG). Each member may request that the Parliamentary Oversight Panel be convened and informed (Section 3 (2) PKGrG).
236:, nominated by the AfD, initially fell short of the necessary 355 votes in the first round of voting on January 18, 2018, after politicians from the other parties expressed reservations about Reusch. In the second round of voting, Reusch was finally elected to the PKGr.
450:
approved in advance by the G 10 Commission. Although the PKGr cannot itself bring unlawful actions to criminal charges or order the publication of corresponding, confidential documents, it can call on the German government to put a stop to abuses.
454:
of inquiry to investigate possible misconduct in the area of the federal intelligence services, which can take evidence and summon witnesses (Section 44 of the Basic Law). The Bundestag has already made numerous uses of this right, such as in the
114:
of particular importance and to hand over files and transmit files, and also prohibit employees of the Federal Intelligence Services from providing information. The Federal Government must give reasons for both to the PKGr (Section 6 (2) PKGrG).
130:
fact of their submission. Submissions from citizens to the German Bundestag concerning conduct by the federal intelligence services that affects them may be brought to the attention of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel (Section 8 PKGrG).
176:
In 1978, after a two-year hiatus, the PVMG was replaced by the Parliamentary Control Commission (PKK). Unlike the PVMG, the PKK was given a legal basis, the Law on Parliamentary Control of Federal Intelligence Activities (German:
834:
193:. Since 2009, the PKGr has also been constitutionally enshrined in Article 45d of the Basic Law - the only article of the Basic Law with an official title. The law was also amended on July 29, 2009.
118:
Because the parliamentary right to ask questions also extends to the intelligence services, the federal government and the PKGr are obliged to provide information on urgent matters. According to the
293:
parliamentary group, the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group and the Left Party parliamentary group one member each. The CDU/CSU parliamentary group holds the chair. After the resignation of
1097:
168:
In mid-1976, the PVMG held its last meeting. When it was founded, the PVMG was solely responsible for controlling the BND. In 1965, its responsibility expanded to include the BfV and the MAD.
1204:"Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Konstantin Kuhle, Jimmy Schulz, Manuel Höferlin, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion der FDP – Drucksache 19/1020 –"
489:
in the so-called journalist scandal at the time, to initiate legal action, because of the suspected violation of official secrets (§ 353b StGB) by the illegal disclosure of information.
189:
In 1999, the Parliamentary Control Commission was renamed the Parliamentary Oversight Panel, partly because of the abbreviation PKK, which the general public tends to associate with the
63:
153:
and met only three times between 1956 and 1960. After the last meeting in 1958, the body met on September 4, 1963, on the occasion of the July 23 conviction of BND employee and
888:
133:
Within the scope of their departmental responsibilities, the Interior and Defense Committees also exercise a certain degree of control over the BfV and the MAD, respectively.
240:
1177:
715:
676:
637:
51:
1440:
1071:
755:
97:
is obliged to inform the PKGr comprehensively about the general activities of the federal intelligence services and about events of particular importance.
471:
35:
1358:
Die demokratische Kontrolle des Bundesnachrichtendienstes – Ein Rechtsvergleich vor und nach 9/11 (Verfassungsrecht in Forschung in Praxis Band 88)
1430:
201:
196:
The PKGr sparked particular debate when parties deemed unreliable or extremist by other parties claimed a place on it. This was the case with the
1124:
1045:
482:(2) PKGrG). Thus, the behavior of individual PKGr members would run counter to the control purpose of the parliamentary body. The PKGr asked the
1435:
532:
1445:
1414:
1399:
1384:
1365:
1335:
1320:
1305:
699:
660:
621:
596:
278:
1392:
Praxiskommentar zum Gesetz über die parlamentarische Kontrolle nachrichtendienstlicher Tätigkeit des Bundes: Kontrollgremiumgesetz – PKGrG
1298:
lackbox Parlamentarisches Kontrollgremium des Bundestages – Defizite und Optimierungsstrategien bei der Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste
462:. The Defense Committee can declare itself a committee of inquiry to investigate events in the MAD (Section 45a (2) of the Basic Law).
146:
The predecessor of the Parliamentary Control Board was the Parliamentary Confidence Committee (PVMG). It was installed in 1956 by then
286:
1350:
808:
310:
301:
was elected with a broad majority of 541 votes out of 355 votes required on November 25, 2020. The other 8 members of the PKGr are:
1313:
Die parlamentarische Kontrolle der Bundesregierung im Bereich der Nachrichtendienste (Kölner Schriften zu Recht und Staat Band 27)
558:
247:, among others, revealed that German intelligence services had also been involved in prohibited surveillance measures, Chancellor
1228:
290:
1328:
Der Bundestag und die Nachrichtendienste – eine Neubestimmung durch Art. 45d GG? (Schriften zum Öffentlichen Recht, Band 1268)
729:
507:"Bundesverfassungsgericht - Entscheidungen - Beantwortung "Kleiner Anfragen" durch die Bundesregierung nicht verfassungsgemäß"
390:
914:
266:
262:
119:
39:
190:
941:
506:
483:
366:
889:"Gesetzentwurf zur Geheimdienst-Kontrolle - Große Koalition will Massenüberwachung legalisieren und legitimieren"
165:, then president of the BND, and his closest associates reported on the case, personnel, and security standards.
269:
took part in a special meeting of the Oversight Panel during the legislative term of the 18th German Bundestag.
467:
382:
434:
211:
205:
394:
197:
1019:
994:
968:
147:
1255:
782:
75:
298:
1178:"Gutachten zur Geheimdienstkontrolle: Wissenschaftlicher Dienst des Bundestages maßregelt Regierung"
536:
417:
In the 16th legislative period of the German Bundestag, the committee had nine members. These were:
402:
358:
302:
80:
1343:
Die parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste (Schriften zum Öffentlichen Recht, Band 711)
398:
709:
670:
631:
215:
94:
430:
422:
1291:
German: Gesetz über die parlamentarische Kontrolle nachrichtendienstlicher Tätigkeit des Bundes
377:
Members of the 11-member body during the 17th legislative period of the German Bundestag were:
1410:
1395:
1380:
1361:
1346:
1331:
1316:
1301:
1285:
695:
656:
617:
592:
426:
342:
861:
1407:
Mehr Liaison als Kontrolle – die Kontrolle des BND durch Parlament und Regierung 1955 – 1978
466:
other security agencies, which also sometimes use quasi-intelligence resources, such as the
459:
406:
378:
362:
322:
314:
230:
219:
341:
The nine members of the panel in the 18th legislative period of the German Bundestag were:
486:
475:
306:
162:
150:
86:
67:
55:
43:
1203:
812:
1150:
756:"AfD-Kandidat Roman Reusch zieht nicht ins Geheimdienst-Gremium - DER SPIEGEL - Politik"
386:
354:
326:
318:
294:
244:
179:
Gesetz über die parlamentarische Kontrolle nachrichtendienstlicher Tätigkeit des Bundes
1424:
350:
346:
330:
248:
733:
455:
233:
809:"Geheimdienste sollen stärker kontrolliert werden "Schnüffeln, bellen und beißen""
429:(CDU), Hans-Peter Uhl (CSU), Fritz Rudolf Körper (SPD), Thomas Oppermann (SPD),
418:
158:
1098:"Geheimdienste außer Kontrolle: Wer überwacht eigentlich die Überwacher? | bpb"
559:"Deutscher Bundestag – Parlamentarisches Kontrollgremium – Geschäftsordnung"
385:(CDU) as deputy chairman, and Clemens Binninger (CDU), Manfred Grund (CDU),
31:
969:"Deutscher Bundestag - Roderich Kiesewetter zum neuen Vorsitzenden gewählt"
835:"Mehr Kontrolle für den Bundestag: Taskforce soll Geheimdienste überwachen"
942:"Deutscher Bundestag - Roderich Kiesewetter zum neuen Mitglied gewählt"
282:
28:
614:
Spion ohne Grenzen : Heinz Felfe - Agent in sieben Geheimdiensten
281:
consists of nine members and was established on January 18, 2018. The
862:"Parlament will mehr kontrollieren: "Schnüffler" gegen Geheimdienste"
226:
1373:
Die parlamentarische Kontrolle der Nachrichtendienste in Deutschland
692:"Stets am Feind!" der Militärische Abschirmdienst (MAD) 1956-1990
653:"Stets am Feind!" der Militärische Abschirmdienst (MAD) 1956-1990
1151:"Neumann fordert Stärkung von Parlamentarischem Kontrollgremium"
915:"Deutscher Bundestag - Parlamentarisches Kontrollgremium (PKGr)"
1286:
Act on Parliamentary Control of Federal Intelligence Activities
730:"Geheimdienstkontrolle wieder mit Linkspartei | tagesschau.de"
591:(1. Auflage ed.). Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag. p. 386.
345:(CDU) as chairman, André Hahn (Linke) as deputy chairman, and
289:
parliamentary group two, and the AfD parliamentary group, the
154:
214:, a non-party member of the PKGr since 2005 for the party
252:
given the task of overseeing the intelligence services.
1256:"Machtlose Geheimdienst-Kontrolleure | DW | 19.08.2013"
783:"Machtlose Geheimdienst-Kontrolleure | DW | 19.08.2013"
1409:. VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2007,
589:
Die Entstehung des BND Aufbau, Finanzierung, Kontrolle
1377:
Die Nachrichtendienste der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
64:
Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
16:
German parliamentary intelligence oversight committee
1072:"Verfassungsschutz zwischen Reform und Abschaffung"
1104:(in German). Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
305:(Alliance 90/The Greens) as deputy chairman, and
409:(Linke), and Hans-Christian Ströbele (Greens).
437:(Linke), and Hans-Christian Ströbele (Grüne).
285:parliamentary group sends three members, the
8:
1229:"Geheimdienstkontrolle: PR statt Aufklärung"
714:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
675:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
636:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
277:The Parliamentary Oversight Panel of the
1375:, in: Nikolas Dörr und Till Zimmermann:
811:. Tagesschau. 2014-07-01. Archived from
732:. Tagesschau. 2010-01-22. Archived from
243:, in which revelations by whistleblower
1394:. Springer, Berlin u. Heidelberg 2016,
612:Hechelhammer, Bodo (2 September 2019).
498:
1345:. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1996,
1330:. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2014,
707:
668:
629:
172:Parliamentary Control Commission (PKK)
841:(in German). Handelsblatt. 2014-07-01
7:
762:(in German). Der Spiegel. 2018-01-18
694:( ed.). Göttingen. p. 92.
655:( ed.). Göttingen. p. 93.
185:Parliamentary Oversight Panel (PKGr)
52:Military Counterintelligence Service
476:German Customs Investigation Bureau
1441:Legislative intelligence oversight
265:who had not been reelected to the
142:Parliamentary Privy Council (PVMG)
14:
1227:Nešković, Wolfgang (2013-08-10).
1020:"Deutscher Bundestag: Web-Archiv"
995:"Deutscher Bundestag: Web-Archiv"
535:. 2 February 2014. Archived from
533:"Deutscher Bundestag: Einführung"
200:in the 1980s and 1990s, with the
34:responsible for oversight of the
1315:. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2006,
1254:Fürstenau, Marcel (2013-08-19).
1131:(in German). Süddeutsche Zeitung
781:Fürstenau, Marcel (2013-08-19).
36:intelligence agencies of Germany
1300:. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019,
1176:Monroy, Matthias (2017-06-09).
860:Litschko, Konrad (2014-07-01).
587:Wolf, Thomas (4 October 2018).
511:www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de
297:from the Bundestag, the CDU MP
1431:1999 establishments in Germany
1125:"Viel Stille um zu wenig Info"
1078:(in German). Stern. 2012-07-04
1046:"Viel Stille um zu wenig Info"
472:Federal Criminal Police Office
425:(CDU) as deputy chairman, and
1:
1436:Organisation of the Bundestag
887:Meister, Andre (2016-06-22).
690:Hammerich, Helmut R. (2019).
651:Hammerich, Helmut R. (2019).
21:Parliamentary Oversight Panel
1446:German intelligence agencies
1123:Oswald, Bernd (2010-05-19).
239:In 2013, in the wake of the
120:Federal Constitutional Court
60:Militärischer Abschirmdienst
40:Federal Intelligence Service
789:(in German). Deutsche Welle
325:(SPD), Roman Reusch (AfD),
1462:
361:(SPD), Uli Grötsch (SPD),
1157:. Zeit Online. 2005-10-06
868:(in German). Tageszeitung
458:case or in the so-called
204:since 1990, and with the
616:. München. p. 228.
513:(in German). 1 July 2009
241:NSA surveillance scandal
191:Kurdistan Workers' Party
124:Bundesverfassungsgericht
38:. The PKGr monitors the
27:) is a committee of the
1360:. Kovač, Hamburg 2011,
367:Hans-Christian Ströbele
72:Bundesverfassungsschutz
48:Bundesnachrichtendienst
1024:webarchiv.bundestag.de
999:webarchiv.bundestag.de
90:
71:
59:
47:
866:Die Tageszeitung: taz
568:. Deutscher Bundestag
383:Michael Grosse-Brömer
267:18th German Bundestag
263:17th German Bundestag
91:Kontrollgremiumgesetz
1379:. wvb, Berlin 2007.
839:www.handelsblatt.com
299:Roderich Kiesewetter
1341:Hirsch, Alexander:
1296:Friedel, Andreas: B
973:Deutscher Bundestag
946:Deutscher Bundestag
919:Deutscher Bundestag
484:Bundestag President
421:(FDP) as chairman,
395:Fritz Rudolf Körper
381:(SPD) as chairman,
359:Gabriele Fograscher
303:Konstantin von Notz
256:Members of the PKGr
95:federal government
1415:978-3-531-91390-2
1405:Waske, Stefanie:
1400:978-3-662-46862-3
1387:, pp. 13−34.
1385:978-3-86573-307-8
1371:Neumann, Volker:
1366:978-3-8300-5729-1
1356:Hörauf, Dominic:
1336:978-3-428-14353-5
1321:978-3-631-54454-9
1306:978-3-658-25791-0
701:978-3-525-36392-8
662:978-3-525-36392-8
623:978-3-492-05793-6
598:978-3-96289-022-3
435:Wolfgang Nešković
427:Bernd Schmidbauer
343:Clemens Binninger
212:Wolfgang Nešković
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1311:Hansalek, Erik:
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460:Plutonium affair
407:Steffen Bockhahn
391:Michael Hartmann
379:Thomas Oppermann
363:Burkhard Lischka
323:Thomas Hitschler
315:Patrick Sensburg
231:Attorney General
220:Steffen Bockhahn
101:Tasks and Duties
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76:Control Body Act
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413:16th Bundestag
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403:Hartfrid Wolff
387:Hans-Peter Uhl
374:
373:17th Bundestag
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355:Armin Schuster
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337:18th Bundestag
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327:Stephan Thomae
295:Armin Schuster
279:19th Bundestag
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273:19th Bundestag
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245:Edward Snowden
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369:(Greens).
331:André Hahn
148:Chancellor
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333:(Linke).
216:Die Linke
208:in 2018.
122:(German:
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85:(PKGrG;
1233:FAZ.NET
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