994:-based motherboards (at 266 MHz) which were interconnected using several high speed networks. Each dual motherboard had 128 Mbyte of memory. Each node had a peak performance of 200 MFLOPS. The product spectrum comprised single-processor or SMP-boards up to a 144 node system, a large variety of PCI cards and also different communication solutions (Gigabit HS-Link, Myrinet, SCI, ATM or Fast-Ethernet). The operating systems was
82:
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713:, upgrading was planned to be simple and straightforward because, firstly, both transputers shared the same instruction set and, secondly, they also had quite a similar performance ratio of compute power versus communication throughput. Therefore, a theoretical a speed-up factor of 10 was expected but in the end it was never reached.
25:
1144:). The destination for any message transfer was defined through a virtual channel that ended at any user defined process. Virtual channels were user defined and managed by EPX. The actual message delivery system software utilised the router. Moreover, one could also run COSY (Concurrent Operating SYstem) and
1132:
which had to be purchased separately) with library extensions for the needs of the parallel system at the backend which was precisely the
Parsytec product itself (it was connected to the front-end by which it was operated). The Parix software package comprised components for the program development
618:
series were statically configurable systems and could be tailored to specific user requirements such as number of processors, amount of memory, and I/0 configuration, as weil as system topology. The required processor topology could be configured by using UniLink connection; fed through the special
1017:
environment (compilers, tools, libraries) with an advanced software programming development environment. The system was integrated to the local area network using standard
Ethernet. Therefore, a CC node had a peak performance of 266 MFlops. The peak performance of the 8-node CC system installed at
1139:
To develop parallel applications using EPX, data streams and function tasks were allocated to a network of nodes. The data handling between processors required just a few system calls. Standard routines for synchronous communication such as send and receive were available as well as asynchronous
834:
The two largest installations of the GC, which were actually shipped, had 1024 processors (16 modules, with 64 transputers per module) and were operated at the data centers of the
Universities of Cologne and Paderborn. In October 2004, the latter had been given to the Heinz Nixdorf Museums Forum
649:, fully connected cluster; larger systems had additional levels of NCUs to form necessary connections. The Network Configuration Manager (NCM) software controlled the NCUs and dynamically established the required Connections. Each transputer could be equipped with 1 to 32 MB of dynamicic
630:
crossbar switch, the C004, which gives full crossbar connectivity for up to 16 transputers. Each NCU, made of C004s, connected up to 96 UniLinks that link internal as weil as external transputers and other I/0 subsystems. MultiCluster-2 provided the ability to configure a variety of fixed
535:
For what concerns the architecture of GC systems, an entire GigaCluster is made up of self-contained GigaCubes. The basic architectural element of a
Parsytec system was a cluster which consisted inter alia of four transputers/processors (i.e. a cluster is a node in the classical sense).
625:
used network configuration units (NCUs) that provided flexible, dynamically configurable interconnection networks. The multiuser envirorunent could support up to eight users by using
Parsytec's multiple virtual architecture software. The NCU design was based on the
716:
The network structure of the GC was a two-dimensional lattice with an inter-communication speed between the nodes (i.e. clusters in
Parsytec's lingo) of 20 Mbit/s. For the time, the concept of the GC was exceptionally modular and thus scalable.
359:
In July 2007, 52.6% of the
Parsytec AG were acquired by ISRA VISION AG. The delisting of Parsytec shares from the stock market started December the same year. And since 18 April 2008, the Parsytec share is no longer listed on the stock exchange.
276:) at industrial applications such as surface inspection. Therefore, they not only had a substantial market share in the European academia but they could also win many industrial customers. This included many customers outside
515:
There is a substantial confusion as regards the names of the
Parsytec products. On the one hand this has to do with the architecture, but on the other hand it had to do with the aforementioned non-availability of Inmos
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was another scalable system that consisted of modules and individual components. It was a straightforward extension of the x'plorer-system. Each module (dimensions: 9 cm x 21 cm x 45 cm) contained four
463:
1605:
1002:
In all CC-systems, the nodes were directly connected to the same router which implemented an active hardware 8 by 8 crossbar switch for up to 8 connections using the 40 MB/s high-speed link.
1540:
366:
Today, the core business of ISRA Parsytec within the ISRA VISION Group is the development and distribution of surface inspection systems for strip products in the metal and paper industries.
303:
In order to focus
Parsytec on research and development, ParaCom was founded to take care of the sales and marketing side of the business. Parsytec/ParaCom's headquarters were maintained in
980:
chip to provide memory control, DRAM refresh and memory decoding for banks of DRAM and/or Flash. The bus speed is limited to 66 MHz while the PCI bus speed was 33 MHz at maximum.
845:
In 1992, a GC with 1024 processors reached a placement in the TOP500 list of the world's fastest supercomputer installations. In
Germany alone, it was number 22 of the fastest computers.
679:, it could never be launched as such, since the Inmos T9000 transputers itself never made it to the market in good time. This led to the development of the GC/PP (PowerPlus) in which two
584:. As a standalone system, a Megaframe system could hold up to ten processor modules. Different versions of the modules were available, for example, one with a 32-bit transputer
262:
603:
with 64 kB of RAM. Also cards for special features were on offer, such as a graphics processor with a resolution of 1280 x 1024 pixels or I/O-"cluster" with terminal and
968:
processor running at 133 MHz with 512 KB L2-cache. The modules were connected together at 1 Gbit/s with high speed (HS) link technology according to the
1951:
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was supposed to be upgradeable to the T9000 transputers (had they come early enough), thus becoming a full GC. As the T9000 was Inmos' evolutionary successor of the
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was a module that was already a one gigaflop system; furthermore, it was the building block for greater systems. A module (i.e. cube in Parsytec's lingo) contained
1602:
237:
and industrial image procession sector. The ISRA Parsytec products are used for quality and surface inspection especially in the metal and paper industries.
944:
The CC card rack subsystem provided the system with its infrastructure including power supply and cooling. The system could be configured as a standard 19
226:
up to large massively-parallel systems with thousands of transputers (or processors, respectively) such as the Parsytec GC. Some sources call the latter
838:
The power consumption of a system with 1024 processors was approximately 27 kW, the weight was almost a ton. In 1992, the system priced about 1.5M
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environment (compilers, tools, etc.) and runtime environment (libraries). PARIX offered different types of synchronous and asynchronous communication.
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to a different C004. The unusual spelling of x'plorer led to xPlorer and the Gigacluster is sometimes referred to as the Gigacube or Grand Challenge.
1042:) equipped with 4 MB RAM, controlled the data flow in four directions to other modules in the system. The bandwidth of a single node was 9 MB/s
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1956:
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In 1995, there were nine Parsytec computers in the Top500 list of which two GC/PP 192 installations ranked 117 and 188 in the TOP500 list.
758:
By combining modules (or cubes, respectively,) one could theoretically connect up to 16384 processors to a very powerful system together.
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1053:(i.e. four modules) could provide a total computing power of 9.6 Gflop/s. As was with all Parsytec products, Powermouse required a
951:
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4.1 UNIX operating system together with Parsytec's parallel programming environment Embedded PARIX (EPX). Thus, it combined a standard
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standard, allowing data transfer at up to 75 MB/s. The communication controller was integrated in the processor nodes through the
905:
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While workforce at Parsytec was roughly 130 staff in the early 1990s, the ISRA VISION Group had more than 500 employees in 2012/2013.
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1343:
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Implementation of an Environment for Monte Carlo simulation of Fully 3-D Positron Tomography on a High-Performance Parallel Platform
908:— of a GigaCube (PPC or Transputer), which used 4 of those clusters in its smallest version (GC-1). Thus, some call it a "GC-0.25".
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was the product name of a family of transputer based parallel processing modules. Some of which could be used to upgrade an
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based computers having its peak in the "Parsytec GC" (GigaCluster) which was available in versions using 64 up to 16384
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280:. In 1988, export accounted for roughly a third of Parsytec's turnover. Turnover figures were: nil in 1985, 1.5M
43:
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and Telmat, as regards the choice of a common physical architecture, Parsytec left the project and announced a
950:
The CC system was a distributed memory, message passing parallel computer and is globally classified into the
665:(GC) was a parallel computer which was produced in the early 1990s. A Giga Cluster was made up of Giga Cubes.
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842:. While the smaller versions up to GC-3 were air-cooled, water cooling was mandatory for the larger systems.
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The FTMPS-Project: Design and Implementation of Fault-tolerance Techniques for Massively Parallel Systems
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Synthesizing massive parallel simulation systems to estimate switching activity in finite state machines
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Viel hilft viel: Die neuen Supercomputer haben Billigprozessoren wie der PC nebenan - aber zu Tausenden
1359:
European programme (EEC) for research and development in information technologies (ESPRIT), 1984-1988
736:
16 transputers (plus a further transputer for redundancy, thus making it 17 transputers per cluster),
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A GigaCube (sometimes referred to as supernode/meganode) consisted of four clusters (nodes) with 16
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The POWERx'plorer was based on 8 processing units arranged in a 2D mesh. Each processing unit had
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16384 Prozessoren bringen 400 Gflops Transputer-Superrechner von Parsytec als neuer Weltmeister
1624:
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system calls. The full set of EPX calls established the EPX application programming interface (
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In addition, Parsytec provided a parallel programming environment called Embedded PARIX (EPX).
1205:
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In any model, the x'plorer was more or less a single "slice" — Parsytec called them cluster
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In 1985, Parsytec was founded by Falk-Dietrich Kübler, Gerhard H. Peise, and Bernd Wolff in
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Zur Strategie von Parsytec Kuebler: "In zehn Jahren rechnen die meisten Computer parallel"
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on the machines. Helios supported the special reset-mechanism of Parsytec out of the box.
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Programmierung und Anwendung der Parallelrechnersysteme Parsytec SC und Parsytec GC/PP
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attaining a peak performance of 2.4 Gflop/s. A separate communication processor
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C004 routing chips. Hardware fault tolerance was provided by linking each of the
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Parsytec's cluster systems were operated by an external workstation, typically a
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J. Hofhaus et al., SIAM J. ScI. COMPUT. Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 454-478, March 1996
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458:) project under the umbrella of the ESPRIT project, both being funded by the
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As part of the ISRA VISION AG, today the company focuses on solutions in the
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Parsytec became known in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a manufacturer of
969:
350:
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had a hierarchical, cluster-based design. A basic unit was a 16-transputer
454:
In the beginning, Parsytec had participated in the GPMIMD (General Purpose
1848:
1683:
Parsytec CC Series (Hardware.Documentation), Rev. 1.2 (1996) Parsytec GmbH
1673:
S. Bani-Ahmad, Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal Vol. 3 No. 1
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A Framework for Characterising Parallel Systems for Performance Evaluation
497:
to communication processors whilst the compute work was offloaded to the
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Massively Parallel Computers: Why Not Parallel Computers for the Masses?
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and called just x'plorer. Later when Parsytec generally switched to the
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In total, some 700 stand-alone systems (SC and GC) had been shipped.
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466:. However, after substantial divisions with the other participants,
386:) --- one per board, up to ten boards in a rack or as plug-in boards
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Between 1988 and 1994, Parsytec built quite an impressive range of
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1118:
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946:
rack mountable unit which accepted the various 6U plug-in modules.
925:
a transputer for establishing and maintaining communication links.
897:. Both models came in the same gorgeous desktop case (designed by
858:
669:
627:
562:
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509:
471:
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244:
1402:
Hypecube Solutions for Conjugate Directions, J. E. Hartman (1991)
878:
model came in two versions: The initial version was featuring 16
493:. This led to Parsytec's "hybrid" systems (e.g. GC/PP) degrading
1671:
Experimental Study on Time and Space Sharing on the PowerXplorer
1122:
1110:
1014:
604:
1543:
B. Heiming, 1996, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg (German)
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Alternating-Direction Line-Relaxation Methods on Multicomputers
851:
And in 1996, they still ranked 230 and 231 in the TOP500 list.
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back plane. In addition, four external sockets were provided.
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interconnection topologies such as tree or mesh structures.
1777:
H. Zaidi, Parallel Computing, Vol. 24 (1998), pp. 1523-1536
1879:
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On Apr, 30, 2006 founder Falk-D. Kübler left the company.
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architecture, it was called POWERx'plorer and featured 8
653:
with single-error correction and double-error detection.
184:
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Embedded Parix Ver. 1.9.2, Software Documentation (1996)
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MEGAFRAME MTM-2 - Hardware Documentation Ver. 1.3 (1987)
1417:
MEGAFRAME TPM-1 - Hardware Documentation Ver. 1.2 (1987)
307:(Germany), however they had subsidiary sales offices in
1298:
ISRA VISION AG - Erwerb der Mehrheit an der Parsytec AG
218:-based parallel systems. Products ranged from a single
1555:
W. Bachmann et al., Darmstadt University of Technology
941:
system was an autonomous unit at the card rack level.
1018:
Geneva University Hospital was therefore 2.1 GFlops.
1005:
For what concerns the CCe, the software was based on
596:
and a throughput of 10 MIPS, or one with four 16-bit
1861:
COSY – ein Betriebssystem für hochparallele Computer
263:
Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT)
180:
170:
160:
138:
116:
108:
98:
88:
754:a dedicated power supply and communications ports.
249:Former Headquarters of Parsytec in Aachen, Germany
228:ultracomputer sized, scalable multicomputers (smC)
1075:compilers and debuggers (alternatively providing
998:and ParsyFRame (UNIX environment was optional).
166:Falk-Dietrich Kübler, Gerhard Peise, Bernd Wolf
38:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
1809:Parsytec liefert Baukasten für Parallelrechner
327:(Russia). In Japan, the machines were sold by
1034:processors (200/300 MHz) and 64 MB
957:There were two different versions available:
482:, they were forced to change to the ensemble
400:) --- 16 to 1024 processors in a single frame
8:
1888:Ram Meenakshisundaram's Transputer Home Page
1603:Lecture Notes on Applied Parallel Computing
1470:Ram Meenakshisundaram's Transputer Home Page
697:Whilst the GC/PP was a hybrid system, the GC
349:in mid-1999 at the German Stock Exchange in
74:
1731:
1729:
592:, 1 MB (80 nanosecond access time) of
1095:(PARallel UnIX extensions) (PARIX for the
393:) --- up to 64 processors in a single rack
73:
1909:Oct 1, 1993, at computerwoche.de (German)
1506:
1504:
686:(80 MHz) were used as the dedicated
528:instead. Systems that were equipped with
272:, Parsytec directly aimed their systems (
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
1832:PARIX Release 1.2 Software Documentation
1770:
1768:
1485:Transputersystem ist frei konfigurierbar
1382:
1380:
1378:
763:
1952:Manufacturing companies based in Aachen
1849:http://www.informatik.uni-osnabrueck.de
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1214:
1183:
1125:functionality at the front-end (e.g. a
415:) --- 64 to 16384 processors in "cubes"
1756:
1754:
7:
1641:iF Online Exhibition - Via 4 Design
532:processors had the prefix "Power".
374:Parsytec's product range included:
1787:System Parsytec Power Mouse in CSA
1083:as user interfaces) was included.
882:, each having access to 4 MB
14:
1267:Annual Statement of Accounts 2006
1372:Efstathios Papaefstathiou (1995)
1049:a basic system consisting of 16
954:category of parallel computers.
732:of which each was equipped with
520:that forced Parsytec to use the
80:
23:
1387:ESN Information Bulletin 92-08
1282:ISRA Vision übernimmt Parsytec
1091:The operating system used was
690:supported by four transputers
1:
1957:Computer companies of Germany
1344:General-Purpose MIMD Machines
1173:Thinking Machines Corporation
922:8 MB of local memory and
701:("entry level") was based on
1942:Massively parallel computers
1117:, it was compliant with the
990:its core elements were dual
976:. The system board used the
835:where it is inoperable now.
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761:Typical installations were:
557:), plus a further redundant
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1973:
1314:Investor Relations at ISRA
1109:, respectively). Based on
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743:for the planned T9000 and
739:4 wormhole routing chips (
588:, floating-point hardware
257:, Germany, with an 800000
205:parallel system technology
176:Surface inspection systems
1721:http://parallel.di.uoa.gr
1121:standard. PARIX provided
863:Parsytec x'plorer with a
79:
1882:ISRA VISION PARSYTEC AG
1526:The Parsytec Power Plus
1329:Annual Report 2012/2013
1221:Duell der Zahlenfresser
936:CC (Cognitive Computer)
668:Being designed for the
464:Directorate for Science
193:Isra Vision Parsytec AG
1694:The Parsytec CC series
1115:remote procedure calls
871:
403:GigaCluster (planned:
250:
222:plug-in board for the
185:http://www.parsytec.de
1580:http://www.top500.org
862:
553:(up to 4 MB per
248:
199:, founded in 1985 as
1286:finanznachrichten.de
854:
773:Number of GigaCubes
429:Cognitive Computer (
460:European Commission
274:pattern recognition
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1947:Parallel computing
1741:2012-06-16 at the
1714:2004-08-12 at the
1608:2010-08-16 at the
1490:2008-04-02 at the
1113:, PARIX supported
1102:and PARIX for the
1060:as the front-end.
930:Cognitive Computer
872:
747:with the realized
508:workstation (e.g.
370:Products/Computers
315:(United Kingdom),
251:
42:You can assist by
1915:J. Vounckx et al.
1447:MEGAFRAME Familie
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345:Parsytec had its
292:in 1989, and 15M
190:
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99:Available in
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1901:computerwoche.de
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1865:uni-paderborn.de
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915:one 80 MHz
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195:is a company of
139:Area served
89:Type of business
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549:(30 MHz),
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268:In contrast to
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1874:External links
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1814:2013-02-10 at
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1792:2013-04-16 at
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1474:classiccmp.org
1462:
1452:2013-02-10 at
1439:
1436:classiccmp.org
1424:
1421:classiccmp.org
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1394:
1374:
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1336:
1333:isravision.com
1321:
1306:
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1229:
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1198:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1088:
1085:
1063:All software (
1023:
1020:
1000:
999:
996:Windows NT 4.0
983:CCi: based on
981:
961:CCe: based on
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
920:
856:
853:
830:
829:
826:
823:
819:
818:
815:
812:
808:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
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790:
786:
785:
782:
779:
775:
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771:
768:
756:
755:
752:
737:
730:
729:
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694:(30 MHz)
658:
655:
636:
633:
623:Multicluster-2
616:MultiCluster-1
612:
609:
590:Motorola 68881
574:
571:
449:
448:
441:
427:
416:
401:
396:SuperCluster (
394:
389:MultiCluster (
387:
371:
368:
284:in 1986, 5.2M
242:
239:
235:machine vision
188:
187:
182:
178:
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168:
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158:
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31:
29:
22:
16:Public company
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1969:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
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1923:
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1911:
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1816:archive.today
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1567:Heinz Nixdorf
1561:
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1454:archive.today
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1302:equinet-ag.de
1299:
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1237:Parsytec GmbH
1233:
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1199:
1196:
1195:microsoft.com
1192:
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1128:
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986:
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967:
964:
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959:
958:
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953:
948:
947:
942:
940:
937:
934:The Parsytec
929:
924:
921:
918:
914:
913:
912:
909:
907:
902:
900:
896:
893:
889:
885:
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877:
869:
866:
861:
852:
849:
846:
843:
841:
836:
765:
762:
759:
753:
750:
746:
742:
738:
735:
734:
733:
728:four clusters
727:
726:
725:
723:
718:
714:
712:
704:
695:
693:
689:
685:
682:
678:
674:
671:
666:
664:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
641:
634:
632:
629:
624:
620:
617:
610:
608:
606:
602:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
545:
542:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
513:
511:
507:
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500:
496:
492:
488:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
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439:
436:
432:
428:
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421:
417:
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410:
406:
402:
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388:
385:
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369:
367:
364:
361:
357:
354:
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348:
343:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
323:(Russia) and
322:
321:St Petersburg
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
296:in 1990, 17M
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
247:
240:
238:
236:
231:
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206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
147:South America
144:
143:North America
141:
137:
133:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
78:
66:
63:
55:
45:
39:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1921:Via 4 Design
1920:
1919:Homepage of
1900:
1891:
1881:
1880:Homepage of
1864:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1827:
1819:
1804:
1797:
1782:
1746:
1719:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1678:
1666:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1587:
1575:
1569:Museum Forum
1566:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1514:
1495:
1494:Mar 1987 at
1480:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1456:May 1987 at
1442:
1435:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1365:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1241:new-npac.org
1240:
1232:
1224:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1138:
1135:
1130:SPARCstation
1090:
1062:
1058:Sparcstation
1044:
1026:
1025:
1004:
1001:
956:
949:
945:
943:
935:
933:
910:
903:
899:Via 4 Design
898:
875:
873:
870:as front end
868:Sparcstation
850:
847:
844:
837:
833:
760:
757:
731:
721:
720:A so-called
719:
715:
705:only. The GC
696:
667:
662:
660:
640:SuperCluster
639:
638:
635:SuperCluster
622:
621:
615:
614:
611:Multicluster
577:
576:
538:
534:
514:
503:
453:
450:
443:Powermouse (
407:; realized:
373:
365:
362:
358:
355:
344:
333:
302:
288:in 1988, 9M
267:
252:
232:
227:
213:
204:
200:
192:
191:
155:Asia Pacific
117:Headquarters
58:
49:
36:copy editing
34:may require
33:
1899:Article at
1747:ssd.sscc.ru
1660:GeekDot.com
1658:Article at
1645:ifdesign.de
1614:ocw.mit.edu
1582:TOP500 List
1515:GeekDot.com
1513:Article at
1318:parsytec.de
1271:parsytec.de
1256:GeekDot.com
1254:Article at
1193:G. Bell at
1107:transputers
1100:transputers
992:Pentium Pro
988:Pentium Pro
880:transputers
677:transputers
663:GigaCluster
657:GigaCluster
607:interface.
598:transputers
547:transputers
495:transputers
438:Pentium Pro
378:Megaframe (
340:transputers
313:Southampton
311:(Germany),
261:grant from
211:, Germany.
197:Isra Vision
1931:Categories
1834:March 1993
1698:netlib.org
1530:netlib.org
1179:References
1073:Fortran 77
1027:Powermouse
1022:Powermouse
919:processor,
470:, Parsys,
418:x'plorer (
336:transputer
329:Matsushita
220:transputer
216:transputer
162:Founder(s)
52:April 2024
44:editing it
970:IEEE 1355
939:(picture)
906:(picture)
643:(picture)
578:Megaframe
573:Megaframe
351:Frankfurt
300:in 1991.
1903:(German)
1867:(German)
1822:(German)
1812:Archived
1790:Archived
1739:Archived
1712:Archived
1656:x'plorer
1631:(German)
1606:Archived
1511:Gigacube
1498:(German)
1488:Archived
1460:(German)
1450:Archived
1406:dtic.mil
1391:dtic.mil
1304:(German)
1288:(German)
1252:Parsytec
1227:(German)
1163:SUPRENUM
1152:See also
963:Motorola
876:x'plorer
855:x'plorer
722:GigaCube
681:Motorola
524:and the
499:PowerPCs
484:Motorola
309:Chemnitz
270:SUPRENUM
201:Parsytec
172:Services
75:Parsytec
1629:zeit.de
1225:zeit.de
1032:MPC 604
978:MPC 105
974:PCI bus
966:MPC 604
917:MPC 601
892:MPC 601
767:System
684:MPC 601
530:PowerPC
526:PowerPC
487:MPC 601
445:MPC 604
431:MPC 604
424:MPC 601
413:MPC 601
319:(USA),
317:Chicago
278:Germany
241:History
132:Germany
109:Founded
1798:csa.ru
1146:Helios
825:16384
582:IBM PC
325:Moscow
305:Aachen
255:Aachen
224:IBM PC
209:Aachen
151:Europe
122:Aachen
103:German
93:Public
1844:Parix
1158:INMOS
1119:POSIX
1104:T9000
1093:PARIX
1067:with
1065:PARIX
985:Intel
822:GC-5
814:4096
811:GC-4
803:1024
800:GC-3
789:GC-2
778:GC-1
673:T9000
670:Inmos
628:Inmos
563:Inmos
541:Inmos
518:T9000
510:Sun-4
480:T9000
476:T9000
472:Inmos
468:Meiko
435:Intel
405:T9000
207:) in
1123:UNIX
1111:UNIX
1097:T80x
1071:and
1051:CPUs
1040:T425
1015:UNIX
952:MIMD
895:CPUs
874:The
828:256
792:256
749:T805
745:C004
741:C104
711:T800
703:T805
692:T805
688:CPUs
661:The
647:T800
605:SCSI
601:T22x
586:T414
567:T805
559:T805
555:T805
544:T805
522:T805
491:T805
456:MIMD
433:and
420:T800
409:T800
398:T800
391:T800
384:T800
380:T414
112:1985
1890:at
1846:at
1745:at
1718:at
1696:at
1643:at
1627:at
1612:at
1528:at
1472:at
1434:at
1419:at
1404:at
1389:at
1346:at
1316:at
1269:at
1239:at
1223:at
1142:API
1127:Sun
1081:PVM
1079:or
1077:MPI
1069:C++
1055:Sun
1036:RAM
1011:AIX
1009:'s
1007:IBM
901:).
888:PPC
884:RAM
865:Sun
817:48
806:16
781:64
651:RAM
594:RAM
551:RAM
512:).
506:SUN
462:'s
422:or
411:or
347:IPO
298:USD
181:URL
126:NRW
1933::
1767:^
1753:^
1728:^
1503:^
1377:^
1213:^
1047:DM
840:DM
795:4
784:1
751:),
707:el
699:el
501:.
353:.
342:.
331:.
294:DM
290:DM
286:DM
282:DM
265:.
259:DM
230:.
153:,
149:,
145:,
129:,
124:,
675:-
447:)
440:)
426:)
382:/
203:(
65:)
59:(
54:)
50:(
46:.
40:.
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