461:
refers to the percent of arterial hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen. The constant 0.0031 represents the amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma per mm Hg of partial pressure. The dissolved-oxygen term is generally small relative to the term for hemoglobin-bound oxygen, but becomes significant at
444:
605:
322:
924:
Adrogué HJ, Rashad MN, Gorin AB, Yacoub J, Madias NE (1989). "Assessing acid-base status in circulatory failure. Differences between arterial and central venous blood".
858:, Hsiue TR (2003). "Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in patients with acute respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilation".
489:
252:– Partial pressure of CO at sea level in arterial blood is approximately 0.02. It can be slightly higher in smokers and people living in dense urban areas.
728:"Correlation of simultaneously obtained capillary, venous, and arterial blood gases of patients in a paediatric intensive care unit"
1154:
273:
629:
624:
439:{\displaystyle C_{a}{\ce {O2}}=1.36\cdot {\ce {Hgb}}\cdot {\frac {S_{a}{\ce {O2}}}{100}}+0.0031\cdot P_{a}{\ce {O2}}}
453:. The exact value of this constant varies from 1.34 to 1.39, depending on the reference and the way it is derived. S
45:. There are several significant purposes for measuring gas tension. The most common gas tensions measured are
610:
This is an estimation and does not account for differences in temperature, pH and concentrations of 2,3 DPG.
804:"Comparison of arterial and venous pH, bicarbonate, PCO2 and PO2 in initial emergency department assessment"
269:
619:
191:
1159:
214:– Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level in arterial blood is between 35 mmHg and 45 mmHg.
1149:
182:
Carbon dioxide is a by-product of food metabolism and in high amounts has toxic effects including:
232:– Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level in venous blood is between 40 mmHg and 50 mmHg.
471:
118:
94:
600:{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2}}=\left({\frac {23,400}{{\ce {PO2}}^{3}+150{\ce {PO2}}}}+1\right)^{-1}}
1076:
1125:
1098:
1058:
1023:
993:
941:
906:
867:
833:
784:
757:
705:
686:"Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring in critically ill adults: clinical evaluation of a new sensor"
666:
649:
Severinghaus JW, Astrup P, Murray JF (1998). "Blood gas analysis and critical care medicine".
1117:
1050:
983:
975:
933:
898:
823:
815:
747:
739:
697:
658:
34:
855:
70:
17:
988:
963:
828:
803:
752:
727:
701:
306:) suggest to the health care practitioner which interventions, if any, should be made.
149:
114:
58:
964:"ABC of oxygen: assessing and interpreting arterial blood gases and acid-base balance"
260:
The partial pressure of gas in blood is significant because it is directly related to
1143:
449:
The constant, 1.36, is the amount of oxygen (ml at 1 atmosphere) bound per gram of
261:
171:
662:
1121:
1054:
937:
303:
979:
885:
Walkey AJ, Farber HW, O'Donnell C, Cabral H, Eagan JS, Philippides GJ (2010).
450:
902:
148:
in the atmosphere, 21% of standard atmospheric pressure of 760 mmHg) in
819:
743:
265:
110:
910:
886:
871:
837:
761:
709:
685:
1062:
1027:
997:
945:
788:
670:
187:
1129:
887:"The accuracy of the central venous blood gas for acid-base monitoring"
183:
1041:
Tobin MJ (1988). "Respiratory monitoring in the intensive care unit".
684:
Bendjelid K, Schütz N, Stotz M, Gerard I, Suter PM, Romand JA (2005).
475:
86:
46:
289:
42:
775:
Shapiro BA (1995). "Temperature correction of blood gas values".
81:
in each symbol represents the source of the gas being measured: "
203:
145:
102:
38:
802:
Malatesha G, Singh NK, Bharija A, Rehani B, Goel A (2007).
277:
726:
Yildizdaş D, Yapicioğlu H, Yilmaz HL, Sertdemir Y (2004).
570:
543:
504:
432:
392:
347:
174:
at sea level is between 30 mmHg and 40 mmHg.
492:
325:
144:– Partial pressure of oxygen at sea level (160
599:
438:
1009:
1007:
849:
847:
721:
719:
1099:"Simple, accurate equations for human blood O
957:
955:
8:
152:is between 75 mmHg and 100 mmHg.
1014:Hansen JE (1989). "Arterial blood gases".
987:
827:
751:
588:
569:
564:
559:
547:
542:
537:
532:
517:
503:
498:
493:
491:
431:
426:
421:
415:
391:
386:
381:
375:
368:
360:
346:
341:
336:
330:
324:
241:Arterial carbon monoxide tension (normal)
121:tests) measure these partial pressures.
641:
130:Arterial blood oxygen tension (normal)
198:Arterial blood carbon dioxide tension
7:
156:Venous blood oxygen tension (normal)
218:Venous blood carbon dioxide tension
854:Chu YC, Chen CZ, Lee CH, Chen CW,
702:10.1097/01.ccm.0000181734.26070.26
25:
27:Partial pressure of blood gases
1:
1097:Severinghaus, J. W. (1979).
663:10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.nhlb1-9
1122:10.1152/jappl.1979.46.3.599
938:10.1056/NEJM198905183202004
630:Fraction of inspired oxygen
280:balance of the blood, the P
276:. When used alongside the
1176:
1103:dissociation computations"
264:, as the driving force of
18:Partial pressure of oxygen
1055:10.1164/ajrccm/138.6.1625
980:10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1213
651:Am J Respir Crit Care Med
903:10.1177/0885066609356164
625:Fick's laws of diffusion
820:10.1136/emj.2007.046979
744:10.1136/adc.2002.016261
236:Carbon monoxide tension
601:
440:
178:Carbon dioxide tension
777:Respir Care Clin N Am
620:Alveolar air equation
602:
441:
192:altered consciousness
962:Williams AJ (1998).
891:J Intensive Care Med
490:
323:
170:– Oxygen tension in
1155:Respiratory therapy
657:(4 Pt 2): S114-22.
572:
545:
506:
434:
394:
349:
77:CO). The subscript
860:J Formos Med Assoc
597:
560:
533:
494:
472:hyperbaric chamber
436:
422:
382:
337:
119:arterial blood gas
1043:Am Rev Respir Dis
575:
563:
536:
497:
482:Oxygen saturation
425:
400:
385:
363:
340:
270:blood gas barrier
31:Blood gas tension
16:(Redirected from
1167:
1134:
1133:
1107:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1077:"Oxygen Content"
1073:
1067:
1066:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1002:
1001:
991:
974:(7167): 1213–6.
959:
950:
949:
921:
915:
914:
882:
876:
875:
851:
842:
841:
831:
799:
793:
792:
772:
766:
765:
755:
723:
714:
713:
681:
675:
674:
646:
606:
604:
603:
598:
596:
595:
587:
583:
576:
574:
573:
571:
568:
561:
552:
551:
546:
544:
541:
534:
529:
518:
507:
505:
502:
495:
445:
443:
442:
437:
435:
433:
430:
423:
420:
419:
401:
396:
395:
393:
390:
383:
380:
379:
369:
364:
361:
350:
348:
345:
338:
335:
334:
300:
299:
298:
35:partial pressure
21:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1013:
1012:
1005:
961:
960:
953:
923:
922:
918:
884:
883:
879:
853:
852:
845:
801:
800:
796:
774:
773:
769:
725:
724:
717:
683:
682:
678:
648:
647:
643:
638:
616:
531:
530:
519:
516:
512:
511:
488:
487:
484:
474:) or in severe
469:
465:
460:
456:
411:
371:
370:
326:
321:
320:
317:
312:
297:
294:
293:
292:
290:
287:
283:
272:and thus blood
258:
249:
238:
230:
226:
211:
207:
180:
168:
164:
142:
138:
127:
115:Blood gas tests
76:
71:carbon monoxide
68:
64:
56:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1116:(3): 599–602.
1110:J Appl Physiol
1100:
1089:
1068:
1049:(6): 1625–42.
1033:
1016:Clin Chest Med
1003:
951:
932:(20): 1312–6.
916:
877:
843:
794:
767:
732:Arch Dis Child
715:
696:(10): 2203–6.
676:
640:
639:
637:
634:
633:
632:
627:
622:
615:
612:
608:
607:
594:
591:
586:
582:
579:
567:
558:
555:
550:
540:
528:
525:
522:
515:
510:
501:
483:
480:
467:
463:
458:
454:
447:
446:
429:
418:
414:
410:
407:
404:
399:
389:
378:
374:
367:
359:
356:
353:
344:
333:
329:
316:
315:Oxygen content
313:
311:
308:
295:
285:
281:
257:
254:
247:
243:
242:
237:
234:
228:
224:
220:
219:
209:
205:
200:
199:
179:
176:
166:
162:
158:
157:
150:arterial blood
140:
136:
132:
131:
126:
125:Oxygen tension
123:
74:
66:
62:
59:carbon dioxide
54:
50:
33:refers to the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1172:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1093:
1090:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1022:(2): 227–37.
1021:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
956:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
897:(2): 104–10.
896:
892:
888:
881:
878:
873:
869:
866:(8): 539–43.
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
844:
839:
835:
830:
825:
821:
817:
814:(8): 569–71.
813:
809:
805:
798:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
771:
768:
763:
759:
754:
749:
745:
741:
738:(2): 176–80.
737:
733:
729:
722:
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Crit Care Med
687:
680:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
645:
642:
635:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
613:
611:
592:
589:
584:
580:
577:
565:
556:
553:
548:
538:
526:
523:
520:
513:
508:
499:
486:
485:
481:
479:
477:
473:
452:
427:
416:
412:
408:
405:
402:
397:
387:
376:
372:
365:
357:
354:
351:
342:
331:
327:
319:
318:
314:
309:
307:
305:
301:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
251:
240:
239:
235:
233:
231:
217:
216:
215:
213:
212:
197:
196:
195:
193:
189:
185:
177:
175:
173:
169:
155:
154:
153:
151:
147:
143:
129:
128:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
72:
60:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1113:
1109:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1071:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1019:
1015:
971:
967:
929:
926:N Engl J Med
925:
919:
894:
890:
880:
863:
859:
811:
807:
797:
783:(1): 69–76.
780:
776:
770:
735:
731:
693:
689:
679:
654:
650:
644:
609:
448:
262:gas exchange
259:
256:Significance
245:
244:
222:
221:
202:
201:
181:
172:venous blood
160:
159:
134:
133:
106:
98:
90:
82:
78:
30:
29:
1160:Pulmonology
808:Emerg Med J
462:very high P
274:oxygenation
268:across the
1150:Hematology
1144:Categories
1082:October 7,
636:References
451:hemoglobin
85:" meaning
73:tension (P
61:tension (P
49:tension (P
590:−
470:(as in a
409:⋅
366:⋅
358:⋅
310:Equations
266:diffusion
117:(such as
111:capillary
911:20018607
872:14569318
856:Chang HY
838:17652681
762:14736638
710:16215371
614:See also
188:acidosis
109:" being
101:" being
95:alveolar
93:" being
87:arterial
1063:3144222
1028:2661120
998:9794863
989:1114160
946:2535633
829:2660085
789:9390851
753:1719810
671:9563770
304:lactate
184:dyspnea
105:, and "
1128:
1061:
1026:
996:
986:
944:
909:
870:
836:
826:
787:
760:
750:
708:
669:
476:anemia
406:0.0031
103:venous
69:) and
47:oxygen
1130:35496
1106:(PDF)
302:(and
43:blood
39:gases
1126:PMID
1084:2014
1059:PMID
1024:PMID
994:PMID
942:PMID
907:PMID
868:PMID
834:PMID
785:PMID
758:PMID
706:PMID
667:PMID
355:1.36
288:and
190:and
146:mmHg
1118:doi
1051:doi
1047:138
984:PMC
976:doi
972:317
968:BMJ
934:doi
930:320
899:doi
864:102
824:PMC
816:doi
748:PMC
740:doi
698:doi
659:doi
655:157
557:150
527:400
398:100
362:Hgb
291:HCO
97:, "
89:, "
57:),
41:in
37:of
1146::
1124:.
1114:46
1112:.
1108:.
1057:.
1045:.
1020:10
1018:.
1006:^
992:.
982:.
970:.
966:.
954:^
940:.
928:.
905:.
895:25
893:.
889:.
862:.
846:^
832:.
822:.
812:24
810:.
806:.
779:.
756:.
746:.
736:89
734:.
730:.
718:^
704:.
694:33
692:.
688:.
665:.
653:.
562:PO
535:PO
521:23
496:SO
478:.
284:CO
278:pH
250:CO
227:CO
208:CO
194:.
186:,
113:.
65:CO
1132:.
1120::
1101:2
1086:.
1065:.
1053::
1030:.
1000:.
978::
948:.
936::
913:.
901::
874:.
840:.
818::
791:.
781:1
764:.
742::
712:.
700::
673:.
661::
593:1
585:)
581:1
578:+
566:2
554:+
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539:2
524:,
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509:=
500:2
468:2
466:O
464:a
459:2
457:O
455:a
428:2
424:O
417:a
413:P
403:+
388:2
384:O
377:a
373:S
352:=
343:2
339:O
332:a
328:C
296:3
286:2
282:a
248:a
246:P
229:2
225:v
223:P
210:2
206:a
204:P
167:2
165:O
163:v
161:P
141:2
139:O
137:a
135:P
107:c
99:v
91:A
83:a
79:x
75:x
67:2
63:x
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51:x
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