1251:
126:
1262:
1257:
363:
is a robust bone belonging to a medium-sized
Phorusrhacid. The body is comparably thin and compressed with strongly concave inner and outer margins. The pterygoid condyle meanwhile is strongly convex and very prominent, with a well-developed egg-shaped fossa on its rostrodorsal edge. In proximity to
368:
is deep and ovoid in shape and located above the lateral condyle. Towards the distal end of the bone three condyles can be seen, one medial, one lateral and one caudal, each separated through each other by grooves of varying width and depth.
276:
is known, which is represented by two highly fragmentary specimen, one belonging to the back of the skull and the other being the distal end of a leg bone. It was described together with the contemporary
1397:
1328:
1453:
627:
1473:
522:
Agnolin, F.L.; Chafrat, P. (2015). "New fossil bird remains from the
Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina".
590:
Barrio, C.; Carlini, A.A.; Goin, F.J. (1989). "Litogénesis y antigüedad de la
Formación Chichínales de Paso Córdoba (Río Negro, Argentina)".
1250:
326:
for its presence in the same locality and strata as the holotype quadrate and the fact that its size is consistent with the type specimen.
559:"Estratigrafía y vertebrados (Aves y Mammalia) de la Formación Cerro Bandera, Mioceno Temprano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina"
1448:
492:. During the Miocene the area likely consisted of open but wooded environment with temperate climate and a proximity to freshwater.
1443:
372:
The ulna referred to
Patagorhacos is poorly preserved and suffered heavily from erosion. However, it can be determined that the
364:
the condyle and separated by a thin bone wall are two more depressions, likely pneumatic fossae. The cotyle that receives the
1478:
307:
1468:
376:
was rather thin and the dorsal condyle well developed. When viewed from the side it's notably less prominent than that of
125:
620:
1388:
1463:
1438:
294:
Fossil remains of this phorusrhacid have been discovered in Paso Córdoba, a
Natural Protection area in the
1458:
1281:
613:
1410:
1341:
406:
303:
231:
558:
1261:
531:
1210:
895:
1180:
972:
902:
842:
745:
295:
120:
1415:
1346:
1256:
994:
962:
916:
755:
723:
1319:
1038:
888:
874:
448:
780:
605:
983:
925:
1046:
570:
539:
1113:
1009:
484:
439:
314:
is known from only two specimens. The holotype (MPCN-PV-377) is the distal end of a right
282:
535:
1069:
1021:
803:
454:
190:
1432:
1226:
1196:
1150:
1122:
952:
865:
851:
713:
689:
674:
637:
471:
463:
410:
390:
384:
365:
315:
177:
72:
34:
575:
1129:
1092:
819:
429:
418:
348:
343:
1373:
1304:
543:
1382:
1313:
1189:
1166:
1078:
765:
668:
479:
467:
459:
47:
1159:
1136:
1030:
936:
789:
734:
414:
378:
92:
57:
351:"terrificus" was chosen to represent the "terrific" nature of phorusrhacids.
1219:
812:
434:
373:
341:, which was chosen for its use in the name of the type genus of the family,
334:
299:
267:
137:
97:
41:
1367:
1298:
1085:
881:
827:
656:
424:
409:, which is mostly known for its fossil mammals. The local fauna includes
157:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1402:
1333:
557:
Kramarz, A.; Garrido, A.; Forasiepi, A.; Bond, M.; Tambussi, C. (2005).
1099:
945:
489:
443:
278:
263:
102:
77:
30:
466:. Bird remains from the formation are comparatively poor. A part of a
318:, while the single referred specimen consists of the distal end of an
650:
322:(MPCN-PV-379). Despite the lack in overlap, the ulna was assigned to
306:, which dates to the early Miocene (Colhuehuapian in accordance with
147:
1275:
662:
319:
262:
is an extinct genus of medium-sized phorusrhacid from the early
167:
1279:
687:
609:
470:
has previously been classified as an undetermined species of
592:
Congreso
Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía
308:
South
American land mammal age (SALMA) classification
1207:
1177:
1147:
1110:
1066:
1018:
1006:
990:
979:
968:
958:
913:
862:
839:
800:
777:
761:
751:
741:
730:
719:
709:
1357:
1288:
1206:
1176:
1146:
1109:
1065:
1017:
1005:
935:
912:
861:
838:
799:
776:
700:
621:
8:
1276:
1062:
1014:
697:
684:
628:
614:
606:
20:
574:
501:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
478:. Other birds include an undetermined
302:. The rocks of the area belong to the
7:
270:. Currently only the single species
14:
1260:
1255:
1249:
124:
576:10.4067/S0716-02082005000200006
1454:Miocene birds of South America
1:
1474:Fossil taxa described in 2015
485:Opisthodactylus horacioperezi
283:Opisthodactylus horacioperezi
544:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001
474:phorusrhacid, a relative of
405:was found in the Patagonian
250:Agnolin & Chafrat, 2015
210:Agnolin & Chafrat, 2015
1495:
563:Revista Geológica de Chile
1246:
696:
683:
645:
237:
230:
121:Scientific classification
119:
23:
1449:Extinct flightless birds
640:and their extinct allies
524:Annales de Paléontologie
1444:Prehistoric bird genera
1389:Patagorhacos terrificus
1359:Patagorhacos terrificus
273:Patagorhacos terrificus
244:Patagorhacos terrificus
16:Extinct genus of birds
1479:Chichinales Formation
1411:Paleobiology Database
1342:Paleobiology Database
422:, the notoungulates
407:Chichinales Formation
304:Chichinales Formation
1469:Fossils of Argentina
449:Willidewu esteparius
333:is a combination of
536:2015AnPal.101...87A
1181:Mesembriornithinae
843:Eleutherornithidae
296:Rio Negro Province
290:History and naming
223:P. terrificus
1464:Neogene Argentina
1426:
1425:
1282:Taxon identifiers
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
781:Ameghinornithidae
435:Cochilius volvens
255:
254:
211:
1486:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1350:
1349:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1277:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1209:
1179:
1149:
1112:
1068:
1063:
1047:Paleopsilopterus
1020:
1015:
1008:
992:
981:
970:
960:
915:
864:
841:
802:
779:
763:
753:
743:
732:
721:
711:
698:
685:
630:
623:
616:
607:
600:
599:
587:
581:
580:
578:
554:
548:
547:
519:
398:Paleoenvironment
359:The quadrate of
246:
242:
209:
202:
189:
129:
128:
114:
44:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1284:
1274:
1265:
1254:
1232:
1202:
1172:
1142:
1114:Patagornithinae
1105:
1061:
1010:Phorusrhacoidea
1001:
931:
908:
857:
834:
795:
772:
692:
679:
641:
634:
604:
603:
589:
588:
584:
556:
555:
551:
521:
520:
503:
498:
488:, a species of
400:
357:
292:
251:
248:
240:
239:
226:
208:
200:
187:
123:
115:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Phorusrhacidae
1431:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1407:
1394:
1379:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1338:
1325:
1310:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1215:
1213:
1211:Physornithinae
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1074:
1072:
1070:Phorusrhacinae
1060:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1022:Phorusrhacidae
1012:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
988:
977:
966:
956:
949:
941:
939:
933:
932:
930:
929:
921:
919:
910:
909:
907:
906:
899:
892:
885:
878:
870:
868:
859:
858:
856:
855:
847:
845:
836:
835:
833:
832:
824:
816:
808:
806:
804:Bathornithidae
797:
796:
794:
793:
785:
783:
774:
773:
771:
770:
759:
749:
739:
728:
717:
706:
704:
702:incertae sedis
694:
693:
688:
681:
680:
678:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
646:
643:
642:
635:
633:
632:
625:
618:
610:
602:
601:
582:
569:(2): 273–291.
549:
500:
499:
497:
494:
455:Australoprocta
399:
396:
356:
353:
291:
288:
253:
252:
249:
235:
234:
228:
227:
219:
217:
213:
212:
198:
194:
193:
191:Phorusrhacidae
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
117:
116:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1491:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Colhuehuapian
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1229:
1228:
1227:Paraphysornis
1224:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1197:Mesembriornis
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1151:Psilopterinae
1145:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:Andalgalornis
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1004:
997:
996:
989:
986:
985:
978:
975:
974:
967:
965:
964:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
943:
942:
940:
938:
934:
928:
927:
923:
922:
920:
918:
911:
905:
904:
900:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:
886:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
871:
869:
867:
866:Idiornithidae
860:
854:
853:
852:Eleutherornis
849:
848:
846:
844:
837:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
814:
810:
809:
807:
805:
798:
792:
791:
787:
786:
784:
782:
775:
768:
767:
760:
758:
757:
750:
748:
747:
740:
737:
736:
729:
726:
725:
718:
716:
715:
714:Elaphrocnemus
708:
707:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Cariamiformes
686:
682:
676:
675:Cariamiformes
672:
670:
666:
664:
660:
658:
654:
652:
648:
647:
644:
639:
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
612:
611:
608:
598:(4): 149–156.
597:
593:
586:
583:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
502:
495:
493:
491:
487:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
451:
450:
445:
441:
440:interatheriid
437:
436:
431:
427:
426:
421:
420:
416:
412:
411:astrapotheres
408:
404:
397:
395:
393:
392:
391:Mesembriornis
387:
386:
385:Paraphysornis
381:
380:
375:
370:
367:
366:quadratojugal
362:
354:
352:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
287:
285:
284:
280:
275:
274:
269:
265:
261:
260:
247:
245:
236:
233:
232:Binomial name
229:
225:
224:
218:
215:
214:
207:
206:
199:
196:
195:
192:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:Cariamiformes
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
118:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
40:21–17.5
36:
35:Colhuehuapian
32:
26:
22:
19:
1358:
1320:Patagorhacos
1290:Patagorhacos
1289:
1225:
1218:
1195:
1188:
1165:
1158:
1135:
1130:Andrewsornis
1128:
1121:
1098:
1093:Phorusrhacos
1091:
1084:
1077:
1055:Patagorhacos
1054:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
993:
982:
971:
961:
951:
944:
924:
901:
896:Occitaniavis
894:
887:
880:
873:
850:
826:
820:Eutreptornis
818:
811:
788:
764:
754:
744:
733:
722:
712:
701:
667:Superorder:
595:
591:
585:
566:
562:
552:
530:(2): 87–94.
527:
523:
483:
476:Patagorhacos
475:
472:psilopterine
464:borhyaenoids
453:
447:
433:
423:
419:Cramauchenia
417:
403:Patagorhacos
402:
401:
389:
383:
377:
371:
361:Patagorhacos
360:
358:
349:species name
344:Phorusrhacos
342:
338:
331:Patagorhacos
330:
328:
324:Patagorhacos
323:
312:Patagorhacos
311:
293:
281:
272:
271:
259:Patagorhacos
258:
257:
256:
243:
238:
222:
221:
205:Patagorhacos
204:
203:
25:Patagorhacos
24:
18:
1383:Wikispecies
1314:Wikispecies
1190:Llallawavis
1167:Psilopterus
1079:Devincenzia
973:Pseudolarus
903:Propelargus
766:Lavocatavis
746:Similiornis
669:Australaves
480:wading bird
468:tibiotarsus
460:xenarthrans
355:Description
1433:Categories
1160:Procariama
1137:Patagornis
1031:Brontornis
995:Smiliornis
963:Miocariama
937:Cariamidae
917:Salmilidae
790:Strigogyps
756:Talantatos
735:Itaboravis
724:Gradiornis
636:Genera of
496:References
430:leontiniid
379:Patagornis
1374:Q27972196
1305:Q27947437
1220:Physornis
1039:Macrornis
889:Oblitavis
875:Gypsornis
813:Bathornis
649:Kingdom:
415:litoptern
374:diaphysis
335:Patagonia
329:The name
300:Argentina
268:Patagonia
216:Species:
144:Kingdom:
138:Eukaryota
1403:11130203
1368:Wikidata
1334:11176736
1299:Wikidata
1086:Kelenken
882:Idiornis
828:Paracrax
657:Chordata
655:Phylum:
651:Animalia
638:Seriemas
425:Colpodon
316:quadrate
184:Family:
158:Chordata
154:Phylum:
148:Animalia
134:Domain:
1100:Titanis
984:Riacama
946:Cariama
926:Salmila
673:Clade:
661:Class:
532:Bibcode
444:rodents
264:Miocene
241:†
220:†
197:Genus:
174:Order:
164:Class:
109:↓
31:Miocene
1416:422933
1347:422932
953:Chunga
432:) and
413:, the
347:. The
339:rhacos
279:rheid
1398:GBIF
1329:GBIF
663:Aves
490:rhea
482:and
462:and
452:and
438:(an
388:and
337:and
320:ulna
168:Aves
48:PreꞒ
571:doi
540:doi
528:101
458:),
442:),
428:(a
298:of
266:of
1435::
1413::
1400::
1385::
1370::
1344::
1331::
1316::
1301::
594:.
567:32
565:.
561:.
538:.
526:.
504:^
394:.
382:,
310:.
286:.
98:Pg
42:Ma
37:)
1208:†
1178:†
1148:†
1111:†
1067:†
1058:?
1050:?
1042:?
1034:?
1019:†
1007:†
998:?
991:†
987:?
980:†
976:?
969:†
959:†
914:†
863:†
840:†
831:?
823:?
801:†
778:†
769:?
762:†
752:†
742:†
738:?
731:†
727:?
720:†
710:†
629:e
622:t
615:v
596:4
579:.
573::
546:.
542::
534::
446:(
201:†
188:†
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:Ꞓ
33:(
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