320:. Zaoutzes' rivalry with Euthymius is a major theme of his hagiography, where the former is represented as an all-powerful minister whose ambitions and machinations are responsible for all errors and calamities of the reign, and with whom Euthymius was engaged in a battle "for the prize of Leo's soul". How far Stylianos' reported dominance reflects reality is questioned by Tougher, who points out that from the historical sources, Leo does not seem to have simply followed Stylianos' initiative, but to have retained control of affairs throughout his reign. Euthymius has also been seen by modern scholars as an advocate of the traditional aristocracy, and at odds with Leo's "foreign" (i.e. non-
62:
402:
422:. Despite Zoe's repeated efforts, however, he steadfastly refused to officially recognize her marriage with the emperor as canonical and her status as empress. Leo was forced to do penance to atone for his marriage, and to pass a law excluding anyone from ever again marrying for a fourth time. As a result of the settlement, on 15 May 908 Euthymius crowned the infant Constantine VII as co-emperor. Even though the later Byzantine chroniclers tend to side with Nicholas Mystikos against Leo, they paint Euthymius in a favourable light. According to the
354:, and dissuaded her from seeking a divorce due to the emperor's neglect and his continued cohabitation with his long-time mistress Zoe Zaoutzaina. After Theophano's death, Euthymius opposed Leo's second marriage to Zoe Zaoutzaina due to her ill repute, which earned him a two-year confinement in the monastery of St. Diomedes. He was not released until after Zoe's death two years later. Following Zoe's death after giving birth to a daughter, Anna, Leo pursued a—normally
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456:, was apparently written in the years 920/25 according to P. Karlin-Hayter, or, according to D. Sophianos, soon after 932. Its author is unknown, but, in the words of Shaun Tougher, "he had an insider's perspective on court affairs during reign", and is consequently one of the "richest sources for the period from the death of Basil I to the early years of Constantine VII" (
617:). Leo was born while Michael was still alive, which led to rumours, already current during the time, that he was actually Michael's son. Many modern scholars have led credence to the idea, especially in view of Leo's troubled relationship with Basil. Whatever his biological parentage may have been, however, Leo was publicly and legally acknowledged as Basil's son.
460:). However, despite offering a vivid portrait of Leo and his court, with eye-witness anecdotes that illustrate the emperor's character, as a source it is limited due to its focus on, and bias in favour of, Euthymius, as well as due to the fact that several sections are missing. The single surviving manuscript was kept in Berlin and vanished during
382:. Euthymius too was persuaded to act as one of Constantine's godfathers in the ceremony, which took place in January 906. Despite his pledge to separate from Zoe, however, Leo now was determined to legitimize both her and their son by a fourth marriage, something utterly forbidden by canon law on pain of
366:
asserts that following the death of Zoe and her father, as well as the discovery of a conspiracy by their relatives, Leo had repented of his treatment of
Euthymius and asked for his forgiveness. The emperor repeatedly sought his counsel, going as far as visiting him incognito at the monastery in
435:
Shortly before Leo's death in May 912, the emperor reconciled himself with
Nicholas Mystikos, who now demanded his re-instatement as Patriarch. The sources are unclear, but shortly after Leo's death, or perhaps already before, Euthymius was deposed by a synod convened at
378:. The fact that the child's mother was the emperor's mistress caused trouble with leading Church officials, and Leo was forced to promise to separate from Zoe as a precondition for the infant's ceremonial baptism by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos in the
362:, in hopes of having a male heir. Indeed, a boy named Basil was born in Easter 901, but Eudokia died during childbirth and was soon followed by the baby. This was once more the occasion of a clash between the emperor and Euthymius. The
309:, succeeding Stephen, who had held the post in tandem with the patriarchate since 886. This was an important office in the Byzantine ecclesiastical hierarchy, and several of its holders had subsequently advanced to the patriarchate.
417:
Despite
Euthymius' notorious stubbornness, which probably had discouraged Leo from raising him to the patriarchate sooner, he proved willing to grant the emperor economy, aided by the assent of the other patriarchates of the
367:
Psamathia. During one of the visits, Euthymius prophesied
Eudokia's death, and later refused to attend her funeral, retiring with six followers from Constantinople to the suburb of "ta Agathou", a property of his monastery.
272:). Indeed, the historian Shaun Tougher argues in his study of Leo's reign that Euthymius was possibly the spiritual father of all of Basil's sons. Euthymius supported Leo in his conflict with his father over his affair with
299:, he accepted only after the emperor agreed to recall Katakalon from exile and restore to him the rest of his properties. The monastery was inaugurated on 6 May 889 or 890 in the presence of Leo and the latter's brother,
390:, but the Church leadership was vehemently opposed, forcing Nicholas too to change sides. As the impasse continued, in February 907 Nicholas was dismissed by the emperor, and Euthymius was appointed in his stead. The
250:, whom he alludes to as his master, and it is probably during Ignatius' second tenure on the patriarchal throne (867–877) that he was appointed as the spiritual father of the prince Leo, the son of Emperor
312:
Despite his closeness to the new emperor, Euthymius' relationship with Leo was "notoriously stormy" (Shaun
Tougher), and perhaps explains why did not succeed to the patriarchal throne until 907. The
1135:
426:, his tenure helped heal the rift in the Church and reconcile many leading churchmen with the emperor's fourth marriage. Bishop Gabriel of Ancyra is even said to have sent the
280:, he helped Leo survive his imprisonment in 883–886, while the young prince constantly requested his advice, forcing him to stay in Constantinople rather than his monastery.
204:. Despite his turbulent relationship with Leo, in 907 he was appointed to the patriarchate and held the post until his deposition shortly before or after Leo's death in 912.
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Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt
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Sophianos, Demetrios Z. (1971). "Ὁ Βίος τοῦ Ἁγίου Εὐθυμίου (Vita
Euthymii), πατριάρχου Κωνσταντινουπόλεως († 917) καὶ ὁ χρόνος συγγραφῆς αὐτοῦ".
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Bees, Nikos (1944). "Η βιογραφία του Οικουμενικού Πατριάρχου Ευθυμίου Α' αντιβαλλόμενη προς τον Βερολίνειον κώδικα Graec. fol. 55 ".
2110:
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1037:] (Ph.D. thesis) (in Greek). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Theology Faculty, Department of Social and Pastoral Theology.
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also assigns much of the blame for
Euthymius's troubled relation with the emperor on the machinations of Zoe Zaoutzaina's father,
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Euthymius' own writings are few and relatively insignificant, comprising sermons on the conception of
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Nicholas' stance and his final deposition by his implication in the abortive plot of general
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Consecration of Euthymius as Patriarch of Constantinople. Miniature from the Madrid Skylitzes.
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in his honour, but according to Kazhdan "it is conventional and provides only limited data".
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from 907 to 912. A monk since his youth, he became spiritual father of the future emperor
386:. Patriarch Nicholas initially supported the emperor in his efforts to secure a grant of
374:, and in September 905 he was finally able to celebrate the birth of the future emperor
2011:
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Jugie, Martin (1913). "La vie et les œuvres d'Euthyme, patriarche de Constantinople".
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226:, and became a monk at an early age. According to his funeral oration, composed by
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At the time of Basil's death in 886, Euthymius was a monk in the monastery of the
987:
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to present Euthymius as a perfect saint, which leads it to denigrate his rivals.
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Euthymius first incurred Leo's displeasure when he supported his first wife,
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Vita Euthymii Patriarchae CP: Text, translation, introduction and commentary
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Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Volume 2 (900–1050)
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quarter in Constantinople, built on land confiscated from the exiled
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The Patriarch of Constantinople Euthymios I (907–912). Life and work
1030:Ο πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως Ευθύμιος Α΄ (907–912): βίος και έργο
606:, was Basil's second wife but also the mistress of his predecessor,
934:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 755–756.
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Vita Euthymii, Ein Anecdoton zur Geschichte Leos des Weisen
975:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013).
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of Saint Clement as a gift and a token of appreciation.
27:
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 907 to 912
863:(in Greek). Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
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509:. Bibliotheque de Byzantion. Vol. 3. Brussels.
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989:The Reign of Leo VI (886–912): Politics and People
496:P. Karlin-Hayter (1955–57). "Vita St. Euthymii".
951:"Life of Euthymius, patriarch of Constantinople"
234:. Following stints at the monastic community of
957:. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. 192–195.
1129:
8:
324:and non-aristocratic) advisers, such as the
230:, he was a relative of the "miracle-worker"
981:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
276:. According to Euthymius' hagiography, the
242:, Euthymius came to the Byzantine capital,
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953:. In Thomas, David; Mallett, Alex (eds.).
542:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
519:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
487:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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370:Undeterred, the emperor took a mistress,
409:dismisses Euthymius. Miniature from the
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54:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
1065:Epeteris Etaireias Byzantinon Spoudon
468:exists in several critical editions:
34:. For the Patriarch of Bulgaria, see
7:
1080:Titles of Chalcedonian Christianity
931:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
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555:(in Greek). Athens: Kanakis.
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2008:Patriarchs of Constantinople
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1027:Germanis, Filippos (2014).
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924:(1991). "Euthymios". In
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500:. 25/27: 1–172, 747–778.
444:Hagiography and writings
261:) and future emperor as
190:– 5 August 917) was the
2616:Christianity portal
986:Tougher, Shaun (1997).
285:Theotokos of the Spring
2543:period, since 1923 AD)
528:A. P. Kazhdan (1959).
414:
252:Basil I the Macedonian
212:Euthymius was born in
32:Euthymius I of Antioch
2014:period, 1453–1923 AD)
973:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
701:, Euthymios (#21913).
574:and an homily on the
551:A. Alexakis (2006).
532:(in Russian). Moscow.
454:The Life of Euthymius
404:
238:and a monastery near
173:Euthymius I Syncellus
47:Euthymius I Syncellus
2652:Byzantine Anatolians
1427:period, 451–1453 AD)
800:, pp. 104, 141.
477:(in German). Berlin.
358:—third marriage, to
232:Gregory of Dekapolis
181:Εὐθύμιος ὁ Σύγκελλος
36:Euthymius of Tarnovo
2343:Callinicus IV (III)
1106:Nicholas I Mystikos
1089:Nicholas I Mystikos
908:, pp. 194–195.
896:, pp. 192–194.
848:, pp. 161–163.
836:, pp. 156–161.
824:, pp. 152–156.
812:, pp. 146–152.
662:, pp. 755–756.
621:, pp. 1, 42ff.
580:Arethas of Caesarea
578:. His contemporary
473:C. de Boor (1888).
332:eunuch chamberlain
295:. According to the
228:Arethas of Caesarea
147:"ta Agathou", near
1164:period, 38–330 AD)
926:Kazhdan, Alexander
922:Kazhdan, Alexander
776:, pp. 102ff..
749:, pp. 82, 84.
415:
318:Stylianos Zaoutzes
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2403:Callinicus V (IV)
1372:John I Chrysostom
1112:
1111:
1103:Succeeded by
999:978-90-04-10811-0
992:. Leiden: BRILL.
964:978-90-04-16976-0
764:, pp. 38–39.
713:, pp. 50–51.
458:Alexander Kazhdan
396:Andronikos Doukas
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2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1989:Metrophanes II
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:Constantine IV
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Constantine II
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1312:Constantinople
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1147:Constantinople
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1060:
1044:Échos d'Orient
1039:
1024:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
998:
983:
969:
963:
946:
940:
916:
913:
911:
910:
898:
886:
874:
850:
838:
826:
814:
802:
790:
788:, p. 139.
778:
766:
751:
739:
727:
715:
703:
664:
632:
630:
627:
624:
623:
615: 842–867
602:Leo's mother,
594:
593:
591:
588:
568:
567:
561:
548:
525:
502:
493:
445:
442:
360:Eudokia Baïana
328:Zaoutzes, the
274:Zoe Zaoutzaina
270: 886–912
259: 867–886
244:Constantinople
209:
206:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
149:Constantinople
143:
139:
138:
123:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
50:
49:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2679:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Constantine V
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Constantius I
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Gerasimus III
2391:
2389:
2388:Neophytus VII
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:Sophronius II
2371:
2369:
2368:Theodosius II
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:Callinicus II
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:Athanasius IV
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Methodius III
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Dionysius III
2234:
2232:
2231:Parthenius IV
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Joannicius II
2204:
2202:
2201:Parthenius II
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Neophytus III
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Theoleptus II
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2006:
2000:
1999:Athanasius II
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Nicephorus II
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Constantine I
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Macedonius II
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Polycarpus II
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:(in French).
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1001:
995:
991:
990:
984:
980:
979:
974:
970:
966:
960:
956:
952:
947:
943:
941:0-19-504652-8
937:
933:
932:
927:
923:
919:
918:
914:
907:
902:
899:
895:
890:
887:
883:
878:
875:
862:
854:
851:
847:
842:
839:
835:
830:
827:
823:
818:
815:
811:
806:
803:
799:
794:
791:
787:
782:
779:
775:
770:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
731:
728:
725:, p. 51.
724:
719:
716:
712:
707:
704:
700:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
634:
628:
620:
609:
605:
599:
596:
589:
587:
585:
582:also wrote a
581:
577:
573:
564:
562:960-7420-91-8
558:
549:
545:
539:
531:
526:
522:
516:
508:
503:
499:
494:
490:
484:
476:
471:
470:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Vita Euthymii
443:
441:
439:
433:
431:
430:
425:
421:
412:
408:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:Vita Euthymii
310:
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:Vita Euthymii
294:
293:Leo Katakalon
290:
286:
281:
279:
278:Vita Euthymii
275:
264:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:Mount Olympus
233:
229:
219:
215:
207:
205:
203:
202:
197:
193:
178:
174:
166:
163:
159:
155:
150:
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
115:
111:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
74:
63:
58:
55:
51:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2602:in exile at
2513:Anthimus VII
2468:Meletius III
2433:Agathangelus
2423:Anthimus III
2333:Neophytus VI
2311:Jeremias III
2296:Athanasius V
2276:Neophytus IV
2256:Gerasimus II
2251:Dionysius IV
2196:Parthenius I
2151:Neophytus II
2141:Theophanes I
2121:Pachomius II
2101:Dionysius II
2096:Joannicius I
2086:Theoleptus I
2036:Sophronius I
2021:Gennadius II
1979:Euthymius II
1969:Callistus II
1904:Athanasius I
1884:Germanus III
1864:Methodius II
1804:Theodosius I
1774:Theodotus II
1744:Nicholas III
1699:Sisinnius II
1658:
1609:Nicephorus I
1564:Callinicus I
1337:Macedonius I
1256:Philadelphus
1186:Polycarpus I
1094:
1068:
1067:(in Greek).
1064:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1018:(in Greek).
1015:
988:
977:
954:
929:
906:Krönung 2010
901:
894:Krönung 2010
889:
882:Tougher 1997
877:
865:. Retrieved
853:
846:Tougher 1997
841:
834:Tougher 1997
829:
822:Tougher 1997
817:
810:Tougher 1997
805:
798:Tougher 1997
793:
786:Tougher 1997
781:
774:Tougher 1997
769:
762:Tougher 1997
747:Tougher 1997
742:
735:Tougher 1997
730:
723:Tougher 1997
718:
711:Tougher 1997
706:
660:Kazhdan 1991
619:Tougher 1997
598:
569:
529:
506:
497:
474:
465:
462:World War II
453:
449:
447:
434:
427:
423:
416:
410:
391:
380:Hagia Sophia
369:
363:
356:un-canonical
349:
344:
313:
311:
304:
296:
282:
277:
211:
199:
172:
171:
152:(modern-day
145:5 August 917
132:(modern-day
40:
2637:830s births
2590:Bartholomew
2580:Athenagoras
2550:Gregory VII
2528:Meletius IV
2503:Dionysius V
2493:Joachim III
2473:Anthimus VI
2463:Germanus IV
2453:Anthimus IV
2428:Chrysanthus
2418:Eugenius II
2408:Jeremias IV
2363:Meletius II
2348:Seraphim II
2286:Neophytus V
2281:Gabriel III
2176:Anthimus II
2116:Jeremias II
2081:Pachomius I
2061:Maximus III
2051:Dionysius I
1994:Gregory III
1944:Callistus I
1924:Gerasimus I
1859:Germanus II
1844:Theodore II
1794:Michael III
1779:Neophytus I
1769:Nicholas IV
1694:Nicholas II
1674:Theophylact
1659:Εuthymius I
1629:Methodius I
1614:Theodotus I
1504:Cyriacus II
1439:Gennadius I
1387:Sisinnius I
1296:Metrophanes
1221:Athenodorus
1206:Eleutherius
1155:Bishops of
860:Εὐθύμιος Α´
608:Michael III
576:Virgin Mary
161:Nationality
88:Predecessor
2642:917 deaths
2631:Categories
2565:Photius II
2523:Germanus V
2498:Joachim IV
2483:Joachim II
2458:Anthimus V
2448:Gregory VI
2378:Gabriel IV
2328:Seraphim I
2323:Paisius II
2306:Cosmas III
2226:Gabriel II
2171:Gregory IV
2166:Timothy II
2156:Raphael II
2146:Meletius I
2131:Matthew II
2106:Joasaph II
2091:Jeremias I
2071:Maximus IV
2026:Isidore II
1949:Philotheus
1899:Gregory II
1849:Maximus II
1839:Michael IV
1814:Nicetas II
1759:Michael II
1739:Eustratius
1709:Eustathius
1704:Sergius II
1689:Αntony III
1679:Polyeuctus
1664:Stephen II
1654:Nicholas I
1584:Anastasius
1579:Germanus I
1549:Theodore I
1479:Anthimus I
1474:Epiphanius
1397:Maximianus
1352:Demophilus
1271:Eugenius I
1261:Cyriacus I
1246:Olympianus
1071:: 289–296.
1022:: 105–120.
629:References
464:, but the
429:omophorion
224: 834
188: 834
120: 834
80:Term ended
2585:Demetrius
2575:Maximus V
2560:Basil III
2478:Cyril VII
2398:Gregory V
2383:Procopius
2291:Cyprianus
2216:Paisius I
2211:Cyril III
2136:Gabriel I
2076:Joachim I
2066:Nephon II
2056:Raphael I
2031:Joasaph I
1984:Joseph II
1974:Matthew I
1964:Antony IV
1939:Isidore I
1919:John XIII
1869:Manuel II
1829:George II
1824:Dositheus
1764:Cosmas II
1729:John VIII
1719:Michael I
1649:Antony II
1644:Stephen I
1639:Photios I
1594:Nicetas I
1534:Thomas II
1514:Sergius I
1489:Eutychius
1464:Timothy I
1454:Euphemius
1434:Anatolius
1425:Byzantine
1412:Anatolius
1392:Nestorius
1367:Nectarius
1362:Gregory I
1357:Maximus I
1322:Alexander
1301:Alexander
1157:Byzantium
584:panegyric
538:cite book
515:cite book
498:Byzantion
483:cite book
420:Pentarchy
407:Alexander
352:Theophano
336:, or the
306:syncellus
289:Psamathia
240:Nicomedia
201:syncellus
156:, Turkey)
136:, Turkey)
98:Successor
72:Installed
2570:Benjamin
2413:Cyril VI
2301:Cyril IV
2181:Cyril II
2046:Symeon I
1954:Macarius
1934:John XIV
1914:Nephon I
1909:John XII
1889:Joseph I
1874:Arsenius
1854:Μanuel I
1819:Leontius
1809:Basil II
1799:Chariton
1734:Cosmas I
1634:Ignatios
1624:John VII
1619:Antony I
1604:Tarasius
1559:Paul III
1554:George I
1509:Thomas I
1494:John III
1449:Fravitta
1377:Arsacius
1347:Evagrius
1342:Eudoxius
1332:Eusebius
1281:Dometius
1266:Castinus
1251:Marcus I
1241:Pertinax
1231:Laurence
1201:Diogenes
1196:Sedecion
1191:Plutarch
1181:Onesimus
1100:907–912
867:24 April
572:St. Anne
438:Magnaura
405:Emperor
326:Armenian
248:Ignatius
214:Seleucia
154:Istanbul
125:Seleucia
2541:Turkish
2338:Cyril V
2241:Clement
2161:Cyril I
2041:Mark II
2012:Ottoman
1894:John XI
1749:John IX
1714:Alexius
1684:Βasil I
1669:Tryphon
1599:Paul IV
1574:John VI
1524:Paul II
1519:Pyrrhus
1499:John IV
1469:John II
1444:Acacius
1407:Flavian
1402:Proclus
1382:Atticus
1286:Rufinus
1236:Alypius
1176:Stachys
1056:481–492
1052:385–395
928:(ed.).
915:Sources
388:economy
338:Italian
334:Samonas
301:Stephen
218:Isauria
134:Silifke
129:Isauria
2604:Nicaea
2358:Samuel
1929:Isaias
1834:John X
1539:John V
1327:Paul I
1291:Probus
1226:Euzois
1171:Andrew
1054:&
996:
961:
938:
559:
2266:James
1959:Nilus
1569:Cyrus
1529:Peter
1484:Menas
1276:Titus
1211:Felix
1162:Roman
1033:[
590:Notes
452:, or
177:Greek
1789:Luke
994:ISBN
959:ISBN
936:ISBN
869:2014
699:PmbZ
557:ISBN
544:link
521:link
489:link
466:Vita
424:Vita
392:Vita
364:Vita
345:Vita
330:Arab
208:Life
142:Died
113:Born
1754:Leo
1048:XVI
216:in
127:in
83:912
75:907
2633::
1069:38
1050::
1020:19
754:^
667:^
636:^
613:r.
540:}}
536:{{
517:}}
513:{{
485:}}
481:{{
268:r.
257:r.
221:c.
185:c.
183:,
179::
117:c.
2539:(
2319:)
2315:(
2010:(
1423:(
1160:(
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
1058:.
1002:.
967:.
944:.
871:.
610:(
565:.
546:)
523:)
491:)
413:.
265:(
254:(
175:(
38:.
20:)
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