612:
they took with them those who had been separated and removed from the monasteries by reason of their lives and their strange manners and had for this reason been expelled, and all who were of heretical sects and were possessed with fanaticism and with hatred against me. And one passion was in them all, Jews and pagans and all the sects, and they were busying themselves that they should accept without examination the things which were done without examination against me; and at the same time all of them, even those that had participated with me at table and in prayer and in thought, were agreed... against me and vowing vows one with another against me.... In nothing were they divided.
55:
481:
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518:, "God-bearer") and those that rejected that title because God, as an eternal being, could not have been born. He never divided Christ into two sons (Son of God and Son of Mary), he refused to attribute to the divine nature the human acts and sufferings of the man Jesus Christ. Nestorius suggested the title
611:
saw the vehemence of the emperor... they roused up a disturbance and discord among the people with an outcry, as though the emperor were opposed to God; they rose up against the nobles and the chiefs who acquiesced not in what had been done by them and they were running hither and thither. And...
358:
at the beginning of the 20th century have led to a reassessment of his theology in western scholarship. It is now generally agreed that his ideas were not far from those that eventually emerged as orthodox, but the orthodoxy of his formulation of the doctrine of Christ is still controversial.
574:
Nestorius had arranged with the emperor in the summer of 430 for the assembling of a council. He now hastened it, and the summons had been issued to patriarchs and metropolitans on 19 November, before the pope's sentence, delivered through Cyril of
Alexandria, and was served on Nestorius.
696:(29 July 450). There is an English translation of this work, but it was criticized as inaccurate, as well as the older French translation. Further scholarly analyses have shown that several early interpolations have been made in the text, sometime in the second half of the 5th century.
683:
Very few of
Nestorius' writings survive. There are several letters preserved in the records of the Council of Ephesus, and fragments of a few others. About 30 sermons are extant, mostly in fragmentary form. The only complete treatise is the lengthy defence of his theological position,
741:'s charges against him, contain material that has been interpreted by some to imply that at that time he held that Christ had two persons. Others view this material as merely emphasising the distinction between how the pre-incarnate
4202:
342:
to the Church of the East where his teachings were deemed orthodox and in line with its own teachings. Nestorius is revered as among three "Greek
Teachers" of the so-called Nestorian Church (in addition to
733:, written about 450, Nestorius denies the heresy for which he was condemned and instead affirms of Christ "the same one is twofold"—an expression that some consider similar to the formulation of the
706:
In 1895, a 16th-century book manuscript containing a copy of a text written by
Nestorius was discovered by American missionaries in the library of the Nestorian patriarch in the mountains at
1969:
1299:
1888:
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883:
667:. The monastery suffered attacks by desert bandits, and Nestorius was injured in one such raid. Nestorius seems to have survived there until at least 450 (given the evidence of
3482:
1009:
560:, a layman who later became the bishop of the neighbouring Dorylaeum, was the first to accuse Nestorius of heresy, but the most forceful opponent of Nestorius was Patriarch
900:
developed in reaction to
Nestorianism. The new doctrine asserted that Christ had but one nature, his human nature being absorbed into his divinity. It was condemned at the
4172:
564:. This naturally caused great excitement at Constantinople, especially among the clergy, who were clearly not well disposed to Nestorius, the stranger from Antioch.
504:. Nestorius tried to find a middle ground between those that emphasized the fact that in Christ, God had been born as a man and insisted on calling the Virgin Mary
4105:
4217:
406:. He was living as a priest and monk in the monastery of Euprepius near the walls, and he gained a reputation for his sermons that led to his enthronement by
351:). The Church of the East's Eucharistic Service, which is known to be among the oldest in the world, incorporates prayers attributed to Nestorius himself.
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550:
Nestorius's opponents charged him with detaching Christ's divinity and humanity into two persons existing in one body, thereby denying the reality of the
4207:
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1962:
1329:(1999). "The Christology of the Church of the East in the Synods of the Fifth to Early Seventh Centuries: Preliminary Considerations and Materials".
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1922:
411:
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1939:
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1826:"Nestorius of Constantinople: Condemnation, Suppression, Veneration: With special reference to the role of his name in East-Syriac Christianity"
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to make a decision, and
Celestine delegated to Cyril the job of excommunicating Nestorius if he did not change his teachings within 10 days.
269:
vindicated him and deposed Cyril in return. Nestorius refrained from attending both of these councils and instead sought retirement from the
1903:
1770:
Reinink, Gerrit J. (1995). "Edessa Grew Dim and
Nisibis Shone Forth: The School of Nisibis at the Transition of the Sixth-Seventh Century".
620:
and the eastern bishops arrived and were furious to hear that
Nestorius had already been condemned. They convened their own synod, at which
500:
Shortly after his arrival in
Constantinople, Nestorius became involved in the disputes of two theological factions, which differed in their
3677:
1929:
882:, but the modern church does not subscribe to the entirety of the Nestorian doctrine, as it has traditionally been understood in the West.
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sent him into exile in Upper Egypt, where he lived on until about 451, strenuously defending his views. His last major defender within the
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was consecrated
Archbishop of Constantinople in his place. Cyril was eventually allowed to return after bribing various courtiers.
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in 431, but instead found himself formally condemned for heresy by a majority of the bishops and was subsequently removed from his
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Emperor Theodosius II convoked a general church council, at Ephesus, itself a special seat for the veneration of Mary, where the
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by Stephen M. Ulrich, concentrates on the political pressures around the Council of Ephesus and analyzes the rediscovered
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conquests, but was substantially intact, and copies were taken secretly. The Syriac translation had the title of the
121:
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Though Nestorius had been condemned by the church, there was a faction loyal to him and his teachings. Following the
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2019:
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issued an imperial edict that exiled Nestorius from the monastery in Antioch in which he had been staying to a
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813:
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is that in the Incarnate Christ is a single hypostasis, God and man at once. That doctrine is known as the
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2557:
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in the Incarnate Christ, the one Divine and the other human. The teaching of all churches that accept the
399:
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348:
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in the Persian empire never accepted his condemnation. That led later western Christians to give the name
202:
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1947:
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1478:
557:
285:
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formula was popular. The Emperor and his wife supported Nestorius, but Pope Celestine supported Cyril.
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2195:
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901:
734:
489:
328:
235:
17:
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translation. It must have been written no earlier than 450, as he knows of the death of the Emperor
30:
This article is about the Archbishop of Constantinople. For other notable people called Nestor, see
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132:
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989:
737:. Nestorius' earlier surviving writings, however, including his letter written in response to
719:
648:
617:
270:
266:
1116:"Early Church Fathers – Additional Works in English Translation unavailable elsewhere online"
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3437:
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1804:
1502:
1421:
1314:
1267:
1212:
1159:
860:
568:
544:
376:
293:
163:
86:
78:
1793:"Tradition and the Formation of the 'Nestorian' Identity in Sixth- to Seventh-Century Iraq"
4048:
4031:
4026:
3850:
3845:
3522:
2205:
1686:
1617:
1547:
1251:
864:
723:
689:
1844:
Cyril of Alexandria and the Nestorian Controversy: The Making of a Saint and of a Heretic
1710:
1484:
St. Cyril of Alexandria: The Christological Controversy: Its History, Theology, and Texts
631:
to be deposed and exiled. Nestorius was made to return to his monastery at Antioch, and
480:
4124:
3991:
3981:
3935:
3875:
3607:
3585:
2845:
2145:
820:
511:
392:
289:
311:. On his own request, he retired to his former monastery, in or near Antioch. In 435,
54:
4151:
4098:
3784:
3643:
2994:
1287:
897:
867:, Nestorian thought became ingrained in the native Christian community, known as the
693:
652:
407:
312:
308:
254:
3940:
3900:
3860:
3618:
1995:
1641:
878:, a modern descendant of the historical Church of the East, reveres Nestorius as a
660:
532:
520:
316:
224:
107:
592:
in 431, opening debate before the long-overdue contingent of Eastern bishops from
1842:
1773:
Centres of Learning: Learning and Location in Pre-modern Europe and the Near East
1771:
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1729:
1718:
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1597:
1576:
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1482:
1458:
1434:
1375:
1354:
1330:
1183:
3960:
1714:
762:
501:
427:
243:
145:
111:
82:
41:
1529:
Light from the East: A Symposium on the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches
1216:
3885:
1879:
1115:
484:
Christological spectrum during the 5th–7th centuries showing the views of the
388:
368:
1808:
1425:
1396:
647:
who supported Nestorius's doctrine were removed from their sees. Eventually,
4131:
3444:
1990:
1010:"Nestorius | Biography, Beliefs, Heresy, & Facts | Britannica"
886:
722:. Edition of this work is primarily to be attributed to the German scholar,
707:
656:
506:
320:
292:
of two natures (divine and human) of Christ, over the concept of their full
277:
247:
149:
942:
59:
Portrait of Nestorius (as imagined by a Dutch engraver in the 17th century)
4093:
3996:
3835:
2014:
1236:"Interpolations in the Syriac Translation of Nestorius' Liber Heraclidis"
746:
324:
1870:
Dialogue between the Syrian and Assyrian Churches from the Coptic Church
1816:
1792:
1578:
God is One: A Christian Defence of Divine Unity in the Muslim Golden Age
1508:
Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451)
1318:
718:. The original 16th-century manuscript was destroyed in 1915 during the
3920:
1279:
1255:
1171:
1147:
787: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
672:
593:
452: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
403:
227:
3460:
300:
and other prominent churchmen of the time, who accused him of heresy.
3694:
3374:
711:
644:
597:
380:
90:
1271:
1235:
1163:
671:). Nestorius died shortly after the Council of Chalcedon in 451, in
1825:
871:, to the extent that it was often known as the "Nestorian Church".
528:, "Christ-bearer"), but he did not find acceptance on either side.
4054:
3865:
3698:
879:
742:
651:
was obliged to abandon Nestorius, in March 433. On August 3, 435,
479:
1511:(2nd revised ed.). Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
384:
4203:
People declared heretics by the first seven ecumenical councils
3464:
1951:
1692:
Imperial Unity and Christian Divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.
1185:
Nestorius and His Teaching: A Fresh Examination of the Evidence
749:, including his physical body, is truly called the Son of God.
367:
Sources place the birth of Nestorius around 386 in the city of
756:
627:
Initially, the imperial government ordered both Nestorius and
421:
1335:. New York and London: Garland Publishing. pp. 281–298.
410:, as Patriarch of Constantinople, following the 428 death of
334:
From then on, he had no defenders within the empire, but the
1623:
Nestorius and his Place in the History of Christian Doctrine
1074:
1072:
288:, which indicated his preference for the concept of a loose
184:
1650:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 342–352.
190:
187:
172:
596:
arrived. The council deposed Nestorius and declared him a
554:. It is not clear whether Nestorius actually taught that.
908:
Churches. Today, it is condemned as heresy in the modern
1356:
Fire from Heaven: Studies in Syriac Theology and Liturgy
1904:
The Person and Teachings of Nestorius of Constantinople
250:
were seen as controversial and caused major disputes.
944:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage
624:
was deposed. Both sides then appealed to the emperor.
387:
origin, while others have stated he was of Hellenized
1410:"The Two Prosopa in Nestorius' Bazaar of Heracleides"
1023:
1021:
1019:
535:" refers to the doctrine that there are two distinct
193:
175:
169:
166:
1671:. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
1332:
Doctrinal Diversity: Varieties of Early Christianity
181:
4041:
3974:
3823:
3783:
3762:
3731:
3706:
3676:
3642:
3617:
3594:
3561:
3538:
3513:
3498:
3370:
2841:
2254:
2143:
1988:
1647:
The Cambridge History of Early Christian Literature
1644:(2004). "John Chrysostom to Theodoret of Cyrrhus".
863:and the relocation of many Nestorian Christians to
688:, written in exile at the Oasis, which survives in
383:). A Syriac source mentioned that Nestorius was of
178:
141:
131:
117:
97:
69:
64:
39:
1403:. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1209:Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies
1205:"The Last Days of Nestorius in the Syriac Sources"
354:The discovery, translation and publication of his
1599:The Dyophysite Christology of Cyril of Alexandria
65:Archbishop of Constantinople, Greek Church Father
398:He received his clerical training as a pupil of
1300:"The 'Nestorian' Church: A Lamentable Misnomer"
1090:
1695:Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
276:His teachings included rejection of the title
253:In 431, he was condemned and deposed from his
3476:
1963:
1875:The Coptic Church's View Concerning Nestorius
1377:The Holy Spirit: Eastern Christian Traditions
1078:
8:
4178:Ancient Christians involved in controversies
663:), in Egypt, securely within the diocese of
242:, several of his teachings in the fields of
1463:. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
4106:Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations
3703:
3591:
3510:
3483:
3469:
3461:
1970:
1956:
1948:
1909:
1436:Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church
1380:. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers.
957:
893:on the occasion of his accession in 1976.
303:Nestorius sought to defend himself at the
53:
36:
4173:5th-century Archbishops of Constantinople
1626:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1188:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1039:
928:
847:Learn how and when to remove this message
468:Learn how and when to remove this message
1720:Nestorius: Le livre d'Héraclide de Damas
745:is the Son of God and how the incarnate
720:Turkish massacres of Assyrian Christians
4077:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
1979:Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of
1027:
921:
710:. This book had suffered damage during
3804:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
1668:St. Cyril of Alexandria Letters 51–110
296:. That brought him into conflict with
4218:Participant in the Council of Ephesus
1256:"Modern Interpretations of Nestorius"
1102:
1063:
1051:
969:
896:In the Roman Empire, the doctrine of
18:Patriarch Nestorius of Constantinople
7:
1914:Titles of the Great Christian Church
1830:Journal of Eastern Christian Studies
1797:Church History and Religious Culture
1755:. London & New York: Routledge.
1557:Nestorius: The Bazaar of Heracleides
1307:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
1128:
785:adding citations to reliable sources
450:adding citations to reliable sources
27:Christian theologian (c. 386–c. 451)
1847:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
616:While the council was in progress,
234:from 10 April 428 to August 431. A
4183:Assyrian Church of the East saints
1414:The Journal of Theological Studies
25:
4208:5th-century Christian theologians
4082:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
3753:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
1776:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 77–89.
1532:. Toronto: Anglican Book Centre.
265:, but the counter-council led by
261:, presided over by his archrival
4130:
3747:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
3741:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
3443:
1728:Norris, Richard A., ed. (1980).
1717:; Brière, Maurice, eds. (1910).
1581:. Carlisle: Langham Publishing.
761:
426:
162:
1749:Pásztori-Kupán, István (2006).
772:needs additional citations for
437:needs additional citations for
373:Province of Syria, Roman Empire
83:Province of Syria, Roman Empire
4072:Assyrian independence movement
3722:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
1824:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2010).
1734:. Minneapolis: Fortess Press.
1731:The Christological Controversy
941:Bevan, George A. "Nestorius".
323:of Cyrrhus, finally agreed to
240:Catechetical School of Antioch
1:
1091:Nau, Bedjan & Brière 1910
904:and was misattributed to the
659:in the Great Oasis of Hibis (
217:
210:
3371:Patriarchs of Constantinople
2842:Patriarchs of Constantinople
2255:Patriarchs of Constantinople
1930:Archbishop of Constantinople
1408:Chesnut, Roberta C. (1978).
1397:"Nestorius and Nestorianism"
1374:Burgess, Stanley M. (1989).
643:In the following months, 17
232:Archbishop of Constantinople
4089:Terms for Syriac Christians
3906:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
3765:Assyrian Church of the East
3663:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
3657:Assyrian Evangelical Church
3627:Assyrian Church of the East
1894:"The lynching of Nestorius"
1880:English translation of the
1791:Reinink, Gerrit J. (2009).
1665:McEnerney, John I. (1987).
1560:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1460:Essential Theological Terms
1146:Anastos, Milton V. (1962).
985:The Lesser Eastern Churches
876:Assyrian Church of the East
122:Assyrian Church of the East
4234:
3633:Ancient Church of the East
2149:(Roman period, 330–451 AD)
1217:10.31826/9781463216153-004
982:Fortescue, Adrian (1913).
910:Oriental Orthodox Churches
206:
126:Ancient Church of the East
29:
4119:
3691:(active 1st century–1601)
3432:
1936:
1927:
1919:
1912:
1723:. Paris: Letouzey et Ané.
1575:Kuhn, Michael F. (2019).
1526:Hill, Henry, ed. (1988).
1401:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1234:Bevan, George A. (2013).
1203:Bevan, George A. (2009).
1079:Hodgson & Driver 1925
603:In Nestorius' own words,
515:
52:
3946:Dionysius of Vattasseril
3810:Believers Eastern Church
3604:Chaldean Catholic Church
1809:10.1163/187124109X407916
1602:. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
1148:"Nestorius Was Orthodox"
686:The Bazaar of Heraclides
590:First Council of Ephesus
492:(light purple), and the
4137:Christianity portal
3891:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
3798:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
3678:Saint Thomas Christians
3450:Christianity portal
1596:Loon, Hans van (2009).
1180:Bethune-Baker, James F.
726:, of Halle University.
4213:Nature of Jesus Christ
3931:Ignatius Andrew Akijan
3916:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
3774:Chaldean Syrian Church
3548:Syriac Orthodox Church
3529:Syriac Catholic Church
3377:period, since 1923 AD)
1841:Wessel, Susan (2004).
1433:Edwards, Mark (2009).
1426:10.1093/jts/XXIX.2.392
1395:Chapman, John (1911).
1359:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
889:repudiated the exonym
669:The Book of Heraclides
614:
607:When the followers of
497:
400:Theodore of Mopsuestia
349:Theodore of Mopsuestia
327:him in 451 during the
106:Great Oasis of Hibis (
4198:Founders of religions
4193:Doctors of the Church
2848:period, 1453–1923 AD)
1882:Bazaar of Heracleides
1152:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
874:In modern times, the
716:Bazaar of Heracleides
701:Bazaar of Heracleides
605:
490:Chalcedonian Churches
483:
418:Nestorian controversy
356:Bazaar of Heracleides
286:Mary, mother of Jesus
4062:Assyrian nationalism
4007:Koy Sanjaq Christian
3992:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
3982:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
3896:Dionysius bar Salibi
3871:Philoxenus of Mabbug
3724:(West Syriac) (1932)
3718:(East Syriac) (1665)
2261:period, 451–1453 AD)
1889:Writing of Nestorius
1439:. Farnham: Ashgate.
902:Council of Chalcedon
781:improve this article
735:Council of Chalcedon
446:improve this article
329:Council of Chalcedon
236:Christian theologian
4111:Syriac sacral music
3966:Baselios Paulose II
3951:Geevarghese Ivanios
3911:Abraham of Angamaly
3716:Syro-Malabar Church
3492:Syriac Christianity
3177:Callinicus IV (III)
1351:Brock, Sebastian P.
1327:Brock, Sebastian P.
1319:10.7227/BJRL.78.3.3
1296:Brock, Sebastian P.
1211:. 7 (2007): 39–54.
1054:, pp. 348–349.
931:, pp. 165–190.
588:took charge of the
562:Cyril of Alexandria
494:Miaphysite Churches
298:Cyril of Alexandria
263:Cyril of Alexandria
104:451 (aged 64 or 65)
32:Nestor (given name)
3987:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
3926:Abraham Koorilos I
3856:Severus of Antioch
3789:Eastern Protestant
3648:Eastern Protestant
3576:"Nestorian Church"
3570:Church of the East
1998:period, 38–330 AD)
1906:by Mar Bawai Soro.
1752:Theodoret of Cyrus
1552:Driver, Godfrey R.
1455:González, Justo L.
869:Church of the East
708:Qudshanis, Hakkari
567:Cyril appealed to
541:Council of Ephesus
498:
488:(light blue), the
486:Church of the East
345:Diodorus of Tarsus
336:Church of the East
313:Theodosius II
305:Council of Ephesus
259:Council of Ephesus
4145:
4144:
4067:Assyrian homeland
4055:Assyrian genocide
3831:Ephrem the Syrian
3819:
3818:
3733:Oriental Orthodox
3672:
3671:
3557:
3556:
3540:Oriental Orthodox
3506:Church of Antioch
3458:
3457:
3237:Callinicus V (IV)
2206:John I Chrysostom
1946:
1945:
1937:Succeeded by
1503:Grillmeier, Aloys
1487:. Leiden: Brill.
1479:McGuckin, John A.
1240:Studia Patristica
1105:, pp. 31–39.
995:978-0-404-02517-5
857:
856:
849:
831:
649:John I of Antioch
618:John I of Antioch
478:
477:
470:
271:Byzantine Emperor
155:
154:
118:Venerated in
16:(Redirected from
4225:
4135:
4134:
4022:Syriac Malayalam
3956:Coorilos Paulose
3881:Isaac the Syrian
3708:Eastern Catholic
3704:
3687:Malankara Church
3596:Eastern Catholic
3592:
3515:Eastern Catholic
3511:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3462:
3448:
3447:
1982:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1949:
1920:Preceded by
1910:
1858:
1837:
1820:
1803:(1–3): 217–250.
1787:
1766:
1745:
1724:
1706:
1687:Meyendorff, John
1682:
1661:
1637:
1618:Loofs, Friedrich
1613:
1592:
1571:
1548:Hodgson, Leonard
1543:
1522:
1498:
1474:
1450:
1429:
1404:
1391:
1370:
1346:
1322:
1304:
1291:
1252:Braaten, Carl E.
1247:
1230:
1199:
1175:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1000:
999:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
948:
938:
932:
926:
906:non-Chalcedonian
861:Nestorian schism
852:
845:
841:
838:
832:
830:
789:
765:
757:
569:Pope Celestine I
545:Hypostatic union
517:
473:
466:
462:
459:
453:
430:
422:
340:Nestorian Church
294:hypostatic union
222:
219:
215:
212:
208:
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
57:
37:
21:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4129:
4123:* Defunct with
4115:
4049:Assyrian people
4037:
3970:
3851:Jacob of Serugh
3846:Jacob Baradaeus
3815:
3779:
3758:
3727:
3692:
3690:
3683:
3681:
3668:
3638:
3613:
3579:
3573:
3566:
3553:
3534:
3523:Maronite Church
3503:
3494:
3489:
3459:
3454:
3442:
3428:
3372:
3366:
2945:Metrophanes III
2843:
2837:
2558:Constantine III
2256:
2250:
2148:
2144:Archbishops of
2139:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1942:
1933:
1925:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1840:
1836:(3–4): 165–190.
1823:
1790:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1748:
1742:
1727:
1709:
1703:
1685:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1640:
1634:
1616:
1610:
1595:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1554:, eds. (1925).
1546:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1501:
1495:
1477:
1471:
1453:
1447:
1432:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1349:
1343:
1325:
1302:
1294:
1272:10.2307/3162772
1250:
1233:
1227:
1202:
1196:
1178:
1164:10.2307/1291160
1145:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
996:
981:
980:
976:
968:
964:
958:Meyendorff 1989
956:
952:
940:
939:
935:
927:
923:
918:
853:
842:
836:
833:
790:
788:
778:
766:
755:
724:Friedrich Loofs
704:
681:
641:
474:
463:
457:
454:
443:
431:
420:
365:
267:John of Antioch
223:) was an early
220:
213:
165:
161:
124:
105:
77:
60:
48:
45:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4231:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4188:Christologists
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4150:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4127:
4125:schism of 1552
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3936:Cyril VI Tanas
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Thomas of Cana
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3768:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3719:
3712:
3710:
3701:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3653:
3651:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3519:
3517:
3508:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3440:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Constantine VI
3386:
3380:
3378:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:Neophytus VIII
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:Sophronius III
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:Constantius II
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3187:Joannicius III
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3151:Callinicus III
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Parthenius III
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Athanasius III
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2823:Metrophanes II
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Constantine IV
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:Constantine II
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:Constantinople
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1986:
1985:
1981:Constantinople
1977:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1864:External links
1862:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1838:
1821:
1788:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1725:
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1445:
1430:
1420:(2): 392–409.
1405:
1392:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1347:
1341:
1323:
1292:
1266:(3): 251–267.
1260:Church History
1248:
1231:
1225:
1200:
1194:
1176:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:, p. 107.
1121:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1068:
1066:, p. 349.
1056:
1044:
1042:, p. 151.
1040:McEnerney 1987
1032:
1015:
1001:
994:
974:
972:, p. 348.
962:
950:
933:
929:Seleznyov 2010
920:
919:
917:
914:
855:
854:
769:
767:
760:
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230:who served as
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4100:
4099:Phoenicianism
4097:
4095:
4092:
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4090:
4087:
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4078:
4075:
4073:
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4018:
4015:
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4008:
4005:
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3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
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3837:
3834:
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3826:
3822:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
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3711:
3709:
3705:
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3700:
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3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Constantine V
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
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3300:
3298:
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3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
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3272:Constantius I
3270:
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3265:
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3258:
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3250:
3248:
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3243:
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3227:Gerasimus III
3225:
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3222:Neophytus VII
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
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3208:
3207:Sophronius II
3205:
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3202:Theodosius II
3200:
3198:
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3105:Callinicus II
3103:
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3096:
3095:Athanasius IV
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:Methodius III
3078:
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3070:Dionysius III
3068:
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3065:Parthenius IV
3063:
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3040:Joannicius II
3038:
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3035:Parthenius II
3033:
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3028:
3026:
3025:Neophytus III
3023:
3021:
3018:
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3001:
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2996:
2993:
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2988:
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2973:
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2960:Theoleptus II
2958:
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2833:Athanasius II
2831:
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2713:Nicephorus II
2711:
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2378:Constantine I
2376:
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2050:Polycarpus II
2048:
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2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
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2002:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1968:
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1959:
1954:
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1941:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1905:
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1900:of Nestorius.
1899:
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1762:9781134391769
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1743:
1741:9780800614119
1737:
1733:
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1711:Nau, François
1708:
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1702:9780881410563
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1678:9780813215143
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1657:9780521460835
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1642:Louth, Andrew
1639:
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1633:9781107450769
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1609:9789004173224
1605:
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1588:9781783685776
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1567:9781725202399
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1539:9780919891906
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1518:9780664223014
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1496:
1494:9789004312906
1490:
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1470:9780664228101
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1226:9781463216153
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1195:9781107432987
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988:. AMS Press.
987:
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978:
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925:
922:
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913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:Monophysitism
894:
892:
888:
887:Mar Dinkha IV
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
851:
848:
840:
829:
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
808:
805:
801:
798: –
797:
793:
792:Find sources:
786:
782:
776:
775:
770:This section
768:
764:
759:
758:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
699:
697:
695:
694:Theodosius II
691:
687:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:Theodosius II
650:
646:
638:
636:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
613:
610:
604:
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534:
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513:
509:
508:
503:
495:
491:
487:
482:
472:
469:
461:
451:
447:
441:
440:
435:This section
433:
429:
424:
423:
417:
415:
413:
409:
408:Theodosius II
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:Kahramanmaraş
374:
370:
362:
360:
357:
352:
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346:
341:
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332:
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322:
318:
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306:
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279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
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229:
226:
204:
203:Ancient Greek
198:
159:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:Kahramanmaraş
84:
80:
75:
72:
68:
63:
56:
51:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4158:Nestorianism
4034:(Liturgical)
3941:Elias Mellus
3901:Bar Hebraeus
3861:Paul the Jew
3840:
3685:
3575:
3568:
3502:, legacy of
3436:in exile at
3347:Anthimus VII
3302:Meletius III
3267:Agathangelus
3257:Anthimus III
3167:Neophytus VI
3145:Jeremias III
3130:Athanasius V
3110:Neophytus IV
3090:Gerasimus II
3085:Dionysius IV
3030:Parthenius I
2985:Neophytus II
2975:Theophanes I
2955:Pachomius II
2935:Dionysius II
2930:Joannicius I
2920:Theoleptus I
2870:Sophronius I
2855:Gennadius II
2813:Euthymius II
2803:Callistus II
2738:Athanasius I
2718:Germanus III
2698:Methodius II
2638:Theodosius I
2608:Theodotus II
2578:Nicholas III
2533:Sisinnius II
2443:Nicephorus I
2398:Callinicus I
2225:
2171:Macedonius I
2090:Philadelphus
2020:Polycarpus I
1928:
1897:
1881:
1843:
1833:
1829:
1800:
1796:
1772:
1751:
1730:
1719:
1715:Bedjan, Paul
1691:
1667:
1646:
1622:
1598:
1577:
1556:
1528:
1507:
1483:
1459:
1435:
1417:
1413:
1400:
1376:
1355:
1331:
1313:(3): 23–35.
1310:
1306:
1263:
1259:
1243:
1239:
1208:
1184:
1155:
1151:
1124:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1028:Chapman 1911
1004:
984:
977:
965:
953:
943:
936:
924:
895:
890:
873:
858:
843:
834:
824:
817:
810:
803:
791:
779:Please help
774:verification
771:
730:
728:
715:
705:
700:
685:
682:
668:
642:
639:Later events
626:
615:
606:
602:
584:
579:
577:
573:
566:
556:
549:
533:Nestorianism
530:
525:
521:Christotokos
519:
505:
499:
464:
455:
444:Please help
439:verification
436:
397:
366:
355:
353:
339:
333:
325:anathematize
317:Roman Empire
302:
284:), used for
282:God – Bearer
281:
275:
252:
157:
156:
101:
73:
3961:Thoma Darmo
3824:Key figures
3763:Nestorian (
3565:, legacy of
3563:East Syriac
3500:West Syriac
3424:Bartholomew
3414:Athenagoras
3384:Gregory VII
3362:Meletius IV
3337:Dionysius V
3327:Joachim III
3307:Anthimus VI
3297:Germanus IV
3287:Anthimus IV
3262:Chrysanthus
3252:Eugenius II
3242:Jeremias IV
3197:Meletius II
3182:Seraphim II
3120:Neophytus V
3115:Gabriel III
3010:Anthimus II
2950:Jeremias II
2915:Pachomius I
2895:Maximus III
2885:Dionysius I
2828:Gregory III
2778:Callistus I
2758:Gerasimus I
2693:Germanus II
2678:Theodore II
2628:Michael III
2613:Neophytus I
2603:Nicholas IV
2528:Nicholas II
2508:Theophylact
2493:Εuthymius I
2463:Methodius I
2448:Theodotus I
2338:Cyriacus II
2273:Gennadius I
2221:Sisinnius I
2130:Metrophanes
2055:Athenodorus
2040:Eleutherius
1989:Bishops of
1923:Sisinnius I
1158:: 117–140.
796:"Nestorius"
552:Incarnation
526:Χριστοτόκος
502:Christology
412:Sisinnius I
244:Christology
146:Christology
142:Controversy
4168:450 deaths
4163:386 births
4152:Categories
3886:John Maron
3785:Protestant
3644:Protestant
3399:Photius II
3357:Germanus V
3332:Joachim IV
3317:Joachim II
3292:Anthimus V
3282:Gregory VI
3212:Gabriel IV
3162:Seraphim I
3157:Paisius II
3140:Cosmas III
3060:Gabriel II
3005:Gregory IV
3000:Timothy II
2990:Raphael II
2980:Meletius I
2965:Matthew II
2940:Joasaph II
2925:Jeremias I
2905:Maximus IV
2860:Isidore II
2783:Philotheus
2733:Gregory II
2683:Maximus II
2673:Michael IV
2648:Nicetas II
2593:Michael II
2573:Eustratius
2543:Eustathius
2538:Sergius II
2523:Αntony III
2513:Polyeuctus
2498:Stephen II
2488:Nicholas I
2418:Anastasius
2413:Germanus I
2383:Theodore I
2313:Anthimus I
2308:Epiphanius
2231:Maximianus
2186:Demophilus
2105:Eugenius I
2095:Cyriacus I
2080:Olympianus
1940:Maximianus
1783:9004101934
1103:Bevan 2013
1064:Louth 2004
1052:Louth 2004
970:Louth 2004
916:References
807:newspapers
661:al-Khargah
537:hypostases
389:Antiochian
369:Germanicia
221: 451
214: 386
137:October 25
108:al-Khargah
79:Germanicia
3975:Languages
3841:Nestorius
3682:legacy of
3619:Nestorian
3419:Demetrius
3409:Maximus V
3394:Basil III
3312:Cyril VII
3232:Gregory V
3217:Procopius
3125:Cyprianus
3050:Paisius I
3045:Cyril III
2970:Gabriel I
2910:Joachim I
2900:Nephon II
2890:Raphael I
2865:Joasaph I
2818:Joseph II
2808:Matthew I
2798:Antony IV
2773:Isidore I
2753:John XIII
2703:Manuel II
2663:George II
2658:Dositheus
2598:Cosmas II
2563:John VIII
2553:Michael I
2483:Antony II
2478:Stephen I
2473:Photios I
2428:Nicetas I
2368:Thomas II
2348:Sergius I
2323:Eutychius
2298:Timothy I
2288:Euphemius
2268:Anatolius
2259:Byzantine
2246:Anatolius
2226:Nestorius
2201:Nectarius
2196:Gregory I
2191:Maximus I
2156:Alexander
2135:Alexander
1991:Byzantium
1505:(1975) .
1288:162735558
1129:Hill 1988
891:Nestorian
884:Patriarch
837:July 2017
675:, Egypt.
657:monastery
580:Theotokos
507:Theotokos
458:July 2020
321:Theodoret
278:Theotokos
248:Mariology
238:from the
225:Christian
207:Νεστόριος
158:Nestorius
150:Theotokos
47:Nestorius
4094:Arameans
4051:/Syriac
4042:See also
4002:Hertevin
3997:Garshuni
3836:Aphrahat
3404:Benjamin
3247:Cyril VI
3135:Cyril IV
3015:Cyril II
2880:Symeon I
2788:Macarius
2768:John XIV
2748:Nephon I
2743:John XII
2723:Joseph I
2708:Arsenius
2688:Μanuel I
2653:Leontius
2643:Basil II
2633:Chariton
2568:Cosmas I
2468:Ignatios
2458:John VII
2453:Antony I
2438:Tarasius
2393:Paul III
2388:George I
2343:Thomas I
2328:John III
2283:Fravitta
2211:Arsacius
2181:Evagrius
2176:Eudoxius
2166:Eusebius
2115:Dometius
2100:Castinus
2085:Marcus I
2075:Pertinax
2065:Laurence
2035:Diogenes
2030:Sedecion
2025:Plutarch
2015:Onesimus
1934:428–431
1817:23932289
1689:(1989).
1620:(1914).
1481:(1994).
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1298:(1996).
1254:(1963).
1246:: 31–39.
1182:(1908).
747:Emmanuel
679:Writings
633:Maximian
558:Eusebius
516:Θεοτόκος
395:origin.
216: –
3921:Thoma I
3375:Turkish
3172:Cyril V
3075:Clement
2995:Cyril I
2875:Mark II
2846:Ottoman
2728:John XI
2583:John IX
2548:Alexius
2518:Βasil I
2503:Tryphon
2433:Paul IV
2408:John VI
2358:Paul II
2353:Pyrrhus
2333:John IV
2303:John II
2278:Acacius
2241:Flavian
2236:Proclus
2216:Atticus
2120:Rufinus
2070:Alypius
2010:Stachys
1280:3162772
1172:1291160
1139:Sources
821:scholar
729:In the
673:Thebaid
645:bishops
598:heretic
594:Antioch
496:(pink).
404:Antioch
385:Persian
371:in the
257:by the
228:prelate
4032:Syriac
4027:Turoyo
4017:Senaya
4012:Mlaḥsô
3812:(2017)
3806:(1961)
3800:(1852)
3776:(1701)
3755:(1772)
3749:(1912)
3743:(1665)
3695:Kerala
3665:(1940)
3659:(1870)
3635:(1968)
3629:(1552)
3531:(1662)
3438:Nicaea
3192:Samuel
2763:Isaias
2668:John X
2373:John V
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2005:Andrew
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753:Legacy
731:Bazaar
712:Muslim
690:Syriac
393:Syrian
381:Turkey
91:Turkey
3866:Maron
3699:India
3574:(the
3550:(512)
3525:(685)
3100:James
2793:Nilus
2403:Cyrus
2363:Peter
2318:Menas
2110:Titus
2045:Felix
1996:Roman
1813:JSTOR
1303:(PDF)
1284:S2CID
1276:JSTOR
1168:JSTOR
880:saint
828:JSTOR
814:books
743:Logos
739:Cyril
665:Cyril
629:Cyril
622:Cyril
609:Cyril
586:Cyril
512:Greek
375:(now
133:Feast
112:Egypt
85:(now
3684:the
3608:1552
3586:1552
3567:the
3504:the
2623:Luke
1849:ISBN
1778:ISBN
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1221:ISBN
1190:ISBN
990:ISBN
800:news
363:Life
347:and
246:and
98:Died
70:Born
3693:in
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2588:Leo
1805:doi
1422:doi
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