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and one of the stepmothers of Mehmed II. Although Mara remained a lifelong
Christian, she was quite influential with Mehmed. Mara was outraged by the simoniac action of Symeon, and she went to Istanbul to complain to Mehmed. In response to her requests, and to a donation by her of 2000 pieces of
304:
There is no consensus among scholars concerning the chronology of the first reign of Symeon. Many scholars, such as
Kiminas (2009), Runciman (1985), Grumel (1958) and Bishop Germanos of Sardeis (1933-8), as well as the official website of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, follow the chronicles of
316:
Laurent (1968), followed by
Podskalsky (1988), believes that the clashes with Symeon happened when Mark was still Metropolitan of Adrianople, and place Symeon's reign before Mark's. For a comparison of the main proposals, see the
236:
The reign of
Dionysius was marked by the opposition to him by both of the other factions, including Symeon's. He was finally deposed at the end of 1471 after false accusations that he had converted to Islam and had been
180:(Constantinople) and Symeon too, who was already a monk, went to the capital. The Trapezuntine nobility formed a separate faction among the Greeks of the capital, led probably by the scholar and politician
292:. Symeon died shortly after, surely before 1488, without making his will, and his rich inheritance was heavily contended for after his death. The most remarkable act of his third and last reign was the
730:
210:
practice that marked the history of the
Patriarchate of Constantinople for the following centuries. Here a new player made an entrance in disputing the patriarchal throne:
2231:
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42:
604:
Griechische
Theologie in der Zeit der Türkenherrschaft (1453–1821) : die Orthodoxie im Spannungsfeld der nachreformatorischen Konfessionen des Westens
723:
245:, and so he became Patriarch. Actually in May 1472 there was a failed attempt to capture the city led by Caterino Zeni and Alexios Komnenos (a nephew of
277:. Consequently, in the winter of 1474 Symeon was forced to begin searching for funds. On his return to Istanbul in early 1475, Symeon was outbid by
690:
The Great Church in
Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence
282:
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241:. Afterwards Symeon paid a further 2000 pieces of gold and allegedly promised to the Sultan to suppress designs for an anti-Ottoman revolt in
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In autumn 1466 Symeon successfully obtained the throne after he presented the
Ottoman government with 2000 pieces of gold, thus beginning a
661:"Les premiers patriarches de Constantinople sous la domination turque (1454–1476): Succession et chronologie d'après un catalogue inédit"
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Maximus III died on 3 April 1482 and Symeon returned on the throne for the third time until autumn 1486, when he was succeeded by
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561:Σάρδεων Γερμανός (1933–38). "Συµβολή εις τους πατριαρχικούς καταλόγους Κωνσταντινουπόλεως από της αλώσεως και εξής".
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Vitalien, Laurent (1968). "Les premiers patriarches de
Constantinople sous la domination turque (1454–1476)".
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three times: for a short time in 1466, from 1471 to 1475 and from 1482 to 1486. In 1484 he presided over the
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184:. This faction supported Symeon as its own candidate for the patriarchal throne against the faction led by
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172:. After Trebizond's fall to the Ottomans in 1461, all the nobles of the former empire were forced by
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253:. Symeon sided with the Ottoman Sultan and in June 1472 he deposed the Metropolitan of Trebizond
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638:
The
Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs
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gold, the Sultan deposed Symeon and appointed to the Patriarchate the candidate of Mara,
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Chronology according to Kiminas (2009). For other proposals see section
242:
2135:
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188:
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185:
712:
285:, the leader of the faction of the Constantinopolitan nobles.
138:
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also accepted to pay an annual fee of 2000 florins to the
693:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
547:. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. p. 437.
195:
George Galesiotes and the Grand Ecclesiarch (i.e. Head
497:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 307.
229:. Symeon retired for some years in a monastery near
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545:Traité d'études byzantines, vol. I: La chronologie
428:
366:. Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor
27:Three-time Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
464:The Siege and the Fall of Constantinople in 1453
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164:Symeon was born between 1400 and 1420 to a
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2232:15th-century patriarchs of Constantinople
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740:Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of
435:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
329:
309:and place the reign of Symeon I after
146:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
43:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
522:. Wildside Press LLC. p. 37,45.
357:
355:
353:
7:
319:List of Patriarchs of Constantinople
18:Patriarch Symeon I of Constantinople
607:. Munchen: C.H. Beck. p. 398.
25:
495:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
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344:
294:Synod of Constantinople of 1484
199:) Manuel, the future Patriarch
150:Synod of Constantinople of 1484
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66:April 1482 – autumn 1486
1:
431:The Great Church in captivity
398:(26): 229-263(241-2, 254-5).
269:, and on 10 October 1474 the
62:autumn 1466 – end 1466
2132:Patriarchs of Constantinople
1603:Patriarchs of Constantinople
1016:Patriarchs of Constantinople
601:Podskalsky, Gerhard (1988).
460:Philippides, Marios (2011).
364:"Symeon I of Constantinople"
665:Revue des études byzantines
635:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
520:The Ecumenical Patriarchate
518:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
468:. Ashgate Pub Co. pp.
396:Revue des études byzantines
64:end 1471 – early 1475
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910:(Roman period, 330–451 AD)
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36:Symeon I of Constantinople
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582:. Ecumenical Patriarchate
427:Runciman, Steven (1985).
137:
41:
543:Grumel, Venance (1958).
493:Babinger, Franz (1992).
362:Moustakas Konstantinos.
144:; died autumn 1486) was
53:Church of Constantinople
2211:Christianity portal
677:10.3406/rebyz.1968.1407
404:10.3406/rebyz.1968.1407
307:Dorotheos of Monemvasia
2138:period, since 1923 AD)
641:. Wildside Press LLC.
263:Metropolitan of Athens
140:Συμεὼν ὁ Τραπεζούντιος
1609:period, 1453–1923 AD)
152:which repudiated the
130:Symeon I of Trebizond
1022:period, 451–1453 AD)
174:Mehmed the Conqueror
1938:Callinicus IV (III)
345:Disputed Chronology
300:Disputed chronology
170:Empire of Trebizond
2237:Byzantine Pontians
759:period, 38–330 AD)
275:Ottoman Government
247:David of Trebizond
214:, daughter of the
193:Great Chartophylax
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1998:Callinicus V (IV)
967:John I Chrysostom
657:Laurent, Vitalien
614:978-3-406-32302-7
529:978-1-4344-5876-6
504:978-0-691-01078-6
479:978-1-4094-1064-5
446:978-0-521-31310-0
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1474:Nicephorus II
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811:Polycarpus II
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2197:in exile at
2108:Anthimus VII
2063:Meletius III
2028:Agathangelus
2018:Anthimus III
1928:Neophytus VI
1906:Jeremias III
1891:Athanasius V
1871:Neophytus IV
1851:Gerasimus II
1846:Dionysius IV
1791:Parthenius I
1746:Neophytus II
1736:Theophanes I
1716:Pachomius II
1696:Dionysius II
1691:Joannicius I
1681:Theoleptus I
1640:
1631:Sophronius I
1616:Gennadius II
1574:Euthymius II
1564:Callistus II
1499:Athanasius I
1479:Germanus III
1459:Methodius II
1399:Theodosius I
1369:Theodotus II
1339:Nicholas III
1294:Sisinnius II
1204:Nicephorus I
1159:Callinicus I
932:Macedonius I
851:Philadelphus
781:Polycarpus I
689:
668:
664:
637:
603:
596:
584:. Retrieved
574:
562:
556:
544:
538:
519:
513:
494:
488:
463:
455:
430:
395:
368:. Retrieved
315:
303:
287:
235:
205:
191:such as the
163:
129:
128:
29:
2242:1486 deaths
2185:Bartholomew
2175:Athenagoras
2145:Gregory VII
2123:Meletius IV
2098:Dionysius V
2088:Joachim III
2068:Anthimus VI
2058:Germanus IV
2048:Anthimus IV
2023:Chrysanthus
2013:Eugenius II
2003:Jeremias IV
1958:Meletius II
1943:Seraphim II
1881:Neophytus V
1876:Gabriel III
1771:Anthimus II
1711:Jeremias II
1676:Pachomius I
1656:Maximus III
1646:Dionysius I
1589:Gregory III
1539:Callistus I
1519:Gerasimus I
1454:Germanus II
1439:Theodore II
1389:Michael III
1374:Neophytus I
1364:Nicholas IV
1289:Nicholas II
1269:Theophylact
1254:Εuthymius I
1224:Methodius I
1209:Theodotus I
1099:Cyriacus II
1034:Gennadius I
982:Sisinnius I
891:Metrophanes
816:Athenodorus
801:Eleutherius
750:Bishops of
671:: 229–263.
620:(in German)
550:(in French)
409:(in French)
283:Maximus III
261:, a former
251:Uzun Hassan
239:circumcised
231:Stenimachos
227:Dionysius I
201:Maximus III
176:to move to
123:autumn 1486
93:Dionysius I
83:Maximus III
79:Dionysius I
71:Predecessor
2226:Categories
2160:Photius II
2118:Germanus V
2093:Joachim IV
2078:Joachim II
2053:Anthimus V
2043:Gregory VI
1973:Gabriel IV
1923:Seraphim I
1918:Paisius II
1901:Cosmas III
1821:Gabriel II
1766:Gregory IV
1761:Timothy II
1751:Raphael II
1741:Meletius I
1726:Matthew II
1701:Joasaph II
1686:Jeremias I
1666:Maximus IV
1621:Isidore II
1544:Philotheus
1494:Gregory II
1444:Maximus II
1434:Michael IV
1409:Nicetas II
1354:Michael II
1334:Eustratius
1304:Eustathius
1299:Sergius II
1284:Αntony III
1274:Polyeuctus
1259:Stephen II
1249:Nicholas I
1179:Anastasius
1174:Germanus I
1144:Theodore I
1074:Anthimus I
1069:Epiphanius
992:Maximianus
947:Demophilus
866:Eugenius I
856:Cyriacus I
841:Olympianus
580:"Symeon I"
568:(in Greek)
271:Holy Synod
255:Pankratios
2180:Demetrius
2170:Maximus V
2155:Basil III
2073:Cyril VII
1993:Gregory V
1978:Procopius
1886:Cyprianus
1811:Paisius I
1806:Cyril III
1731:Gabriel I
1671:Joachim I
1661:Nephon II
1651:Raphael I
1626:Joasaph I
1579:Joseph II
1569:Matthew I
1559:Antony IV
1534:Isidore I
1514:John XIII
1464:Manuel II
1424:George II
1419:Dositheus
1359:Cosmas II
1324:John VIII
1314:Michael I
1244:Antony II
1239:Stephen I
1234:Photios I
1189:Nicetas I
1129:Thomas II
1109:Sergius I
1084:Eutychius
1059:Timothy I
1049:Euphemius
1029:Anatolius
1020:Byzantine
1007:Anatolius
987:Nestorius
962:Nectarius
957:Gregory I
952:Maximus I
917:Alexander
896:Alexander
752:Byzantium
687:(1985) .
563:Ορθοδοξία
290:Nephon II
279:Raphael I
259:Dorotheos
243:Trebizond
197:Sacristan
101:Nephon II
97:Raphael I
89:Successor
59:In office
2165:Benjamin
2008:Cyril VI
1896:Cyril IV
1776:Cyril II
1641:Symeon I
1549:Macarius
1529:John XIV
1509:Nephon I
1504:John XII
1484:Joseph I
1469:Arsenius
1449:Μanuel I
1414:Leontius
1404:Basil II
1394:Chariton
1329:Cosmas I
1229:Ignatios
1219:John VII
1214:Antony I
1199:Tarasius
1154:Paul III
1149:George I
1104:Thomas I
1089:John III
1044:Fravitta
972:Arsacius
942:Evagrius
937:Eudoxius
927:Eusebius
876:Dometius
861:Castinus
846:Marcus I
836:Pertinax
826:Laurence
796:Diogenes
791:Sedecion
786:Plutarch
776:Onesimus
659:(1968).
586:7 August
370:7 August
208:simoniac
178:Istanbul
2136:Turkish
1933:Cyril V
1836:Clement
1756:Cyril I
1636:Mark II
1607:Ottoman
1489:John XI
1344:John IX
1309:Alexius
1279:Βasil I
1264:Tryphon
1194:Paul IV
1169:John VI
1119:Paul II
1114:Pyrrhus
1094:John IV
1064:John II
1039:Acacius
1002:Flavian
997:Proclus
977:Atticus
881:Rufinus
831:Alypius
771:Stachys
628:Sources
565:(8–13).
311:Mark II
267:florins
216:Serbian
189:archons
115:unknown
75:Mark II
2199:Nicaea
1953:Samuel
1524:Isaias
1429:John X
1134:John V
922:Paul I
886:Probus
821:Euzois
766:Andrew
697:
645:
611:
526:
501:
476:
443:
219:Despot
49:Church
1861:James
1554:Nilus
1164:Cyrus
1124:Peter
1079:Menas
871:Titus
806:Felix
757:Roman
472:–84.
325:Notes
166:noble
134:Greek
1384:Luke
695:ISBN
643:ISBN
609:ISBN
588:2011
524:ISBN
499:ISBN
474:ISBN
441:ISBN
372:2011
160:Life
120:Died
112:Born
1349:Leo
673:doi
400:doi
186:lay
2228::
669:26
667:.
663:.
470:83
439:.
415:^
380:^
352:^
332:^
321:.
313:.
296:.
233:.
203:.
156:.
136::
2134:(
1914:)
1910:(
1605:(
1018:(
755:(
732:e
725:t
718:v
703:.
679:.
675::
651:.
617:.
590:.
532:.
507:.
482:.
449:.
406:.
402::
374:.
347:.
132:(
20:)
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