573:
1027:
178:(PUSIC) - Party for Unity and Safeguarding of the Integrity of Congo, formed by Mandro Panga Kahwa. The UPC-L was militarily stronger as most of the militia stayed with Lubanga. After the 2004 accords most of the UPC-K eventually merged into PUSIC.
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597:
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536:
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became available, and units of the
Ugandan army became involved. By February 2003, the UPC was said to have fielded an estimated 15,000 soldiers. The UPC carried out numerous attacks upon civilians and other serious
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544:
1128:
706:
88:
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as Deputy Chief of the
General Staff. Upon Lubanga's arrest, Ntaganda assumed the rank of Commander of the FPLC. On February 10, 2006, Thomas Lubanga was arrested in
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763:
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1113:
965:
607:
692:
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Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.
150:
What began as a struggle for control over land and resources, broke out into ethnic warfare as atrocities increased and as arms from Uganda and
1010:
888:
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states that between August 2002 and March 2003, the UPC arrested and tortured over 100 opponents, was responsible for the murder of a
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peacekeeper later that year. In
January 2005, Commander Bosco Ntaganda was offered a position as a general in the national
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forces, following which it received support from Rwanda. In late 2003, the UPC split into several factions: one led by
115:
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1004:
634:
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and known as the UPC-Kisembo (UPC-K), another under Thomas
Lubanga and known as the UPC-Lubanga (UPC-L), and the
998:
317:. IRIN humanitarian news and analysis, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 20 April 2005.
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17:
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in 2001 and was one of six such groups that sprung up in the mineral-rich Ituri region on the border with
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The military wing of the party was called the
Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (
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National
Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
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196:. In March 2006, Lubanga was arrested under a warrant issued by the
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1134:
Democratic
Republic of the Congo politicians convicted of crimes
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peacekeepers on 25 March 2005. Lubanga was arrested along with
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688:
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915:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)
176:
Parti pour l'unité et la sauvegarde de l'intégrité du Congo
315:"DRC: Who's who in Ituri - militia organisations, leaders"
1124:
Political parties in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
138:. The UPC supported and was primarily composed of the
568:
Political parties in
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1119:
Rebel groups in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
228:
Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo
222:
peacekeeper in January 2004 and the kidnapping of a
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In August 2002, the UPC took control of the town of
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1020:
991:
953:
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428:"D.R. Congo: Army Should Not Appoint War Criminals"
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1129:Military units and factions of the Ituri conflict
531:D.R. Congo: Army Should Not Appoint War Criminals
340:"Profile: DR Congo militia leader Thomas Lubanga"
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285:"Profile: DR Congo militia leader Thomas Lubanga"
233:The UPC won three National Assembly seats in the
674:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1058:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
938:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
651:People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
453:"Situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo"
247:Forces Patriotiques pour la libération du Congo
181:The UPC-L was implicated in the deaths of nine
982:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
499:Coalition for the International Criminal Court
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261:by congolese authorities, and transferred to
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18:Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
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966:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique pour le Rwanda
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608:Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
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897:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999)
598:Union for Democracy and Social Progress
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273:
521:The Curse of Gold: Ch III. Methodology
386:"DR Congo 'awash' with child soldiers"
114:) is a political and militia group in
895:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération
874:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)
459:from the original on 2 December 2014.
404:"Witness Questions Lubanga's Control"
350:from the original on 31 January 2009.
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277:
249:, FPLC) and was under the command of
214:was named its leader in his absence.
7:
1011:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
889:Movement for the Liberation of Congo
365:"Union of Patriotic Congolese (UPC)"
208:, and was flown to the Netherlands.
194:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
471:"Another key Ituri leader arrested"
321:from the original on 16 March 2012.
230:(FARDC), but had refused the post.
159:abuses in pursuit of its policies.
455:. The Hague Justice Portal. 2012.
371:from the original on 28 June 2003.
25:
976:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
367:. GlobalSecurity.org. June 2003.
1114:Factions of the Second Congo War
978:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997)
571:
122:, formed towards the end of the
120:Democratic Republic of the Congo
847:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance)
1064:White Legion (First Congo War)
628:Union for the Congolese Nation
1:
851:Rally for Congolese Democracy
408:Institute For War & Peace
107:Union des Patriotes congolais
36:Union des Patriotes Congolais
913:Front de Libération du Congo
903:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML)
198:International Criminal Court
907:Union of Congolese Patriots
618:Union of Mobutist Democrats
98:Union of Congolese Patriots
30:Union of Congolese Patriots
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593:Sacred Union of the Nation
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1034:National Liberation Front
669:List of political parties
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635:Together for the Republic
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999:Allied Democratic Forces
984:(FDLR, created in 2000)
613:Unified Lumumbist Party
1005:Lord's Resistance Army
940:(UNITA, in Second War)
891:(MLC, created in 1998)
748:/ FARDC, after Mobutu)
495:"Thomas Lubanga Dyilo"
235:2006 general elections
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1060:(UNITA, in First War)
89:Congolese nationalism
754:(FAA, in Second War)
715:Armed groups in the
623:Union for the Nation
475:The New Humanitarian
126:. It was founded by
46:Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
1044:Government-aligned,
799:(FAA, in First War)
603:Future of the Congo
392:. 17 February 2003.
346:. 23 January 2009.
68:Active regions
525:Human Rights Watch
432:Humans Right Watch
216:Human Rights Watch
53:Dates of operation
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721:Second Congo Wars
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434:. 13 January 2005
166:with the help of
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16:(Redirected from
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291:. 13 March 2012
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255:Bosco Ntaganda
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862:Banyamulenge
831:rebel groups
829:Militias and
744:(FAZ, under
502:. Retrieved
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961:Interahamwe
954:Anti-Rwanda
527:, June 2005
183:Bangladeshi
1108:Categories
1030:(CNDD-FDD)
946:(in Ituri)
504:2023-07-27
480:2023-07-27
438:2023-10-03
413:2023-10-03
295:2023-07-27
269:References
872:RCD-Congo
811:(RPF/RDF)
263:The Hague
204:of using
202:war crime
934:(SPLA/M)
864:(ethnic
857:RCD–Goma
780:Zimbabwe
457:Archived
390:BBC News
369:Archived
348:Archived
344:BBC News
319:Archived
289:BBC News
259:Kinshasa
224:Moroccan
84:Ideology
1086:MONUSCO
1053:Mai-Mai
803:Burundi
769:Namibia
586:parties
168:Ugandan
146:History
134:in the
76:Rwandan
62:present
42:Leaders
944:CODECO
866:Tutsis
817:(UPDF)
815:Uganda
809:Rwanda
797:Angola
760:(FANT)
752:Angola
220:Kenyan
152:Rwanda
132:Uganda
102:French
78:border
1046:other
1013:(FNI)
1007:(LRA)
1001:(ADF)
925:other
909:(UPC)
853:(RCD)
805:(FAB)
782:(ZNA)
775:Sudan
771:(NDF)
764:Libya
742:Zaire
717:First
582:Major
253:with
186:MONUC
164:Bunia
116:Ituri
110:, or
845:AFDL
758:Chad
719:and
140:Hema
96:The
58:2001
112:UPC
72:DRC
1110::
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