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neuroplasticity and the feasibility of sensory substitution. Later in his career, Bach-y-Rita created a device which enabled patients with damaged vestibular nuclei to regain their ability to remain balanced, by using an electrical stimulator placed on the tongue which reacted to a motion sensor affixed to the patient. This application enabled patients to remain balanced without the equipment after several weeks use.
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After using the device for several weeks, the patient was completely cured, demonstrating another application of neuroplasticity in treating neurological disorders, and also the ability of the brain to adapt to repeated stimuli. Also created was a similar device that enables a patient to see by way
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to one side of his body and damaged his ability to speak. George Bach-y-Rita—a psychiatrist and Paul's brother—succeeded in treating Pedro so that he was able to lead a normal life, despite the opinion of several doctors that this was impossible. When Pedro died, an autopsy, performed by Dr. Mary
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The chair he used had a bank of four hundred vibrating plates resting against the blind user's back, and vibrating in connection with a camera placed above the chair, looking forwards. The pattern in which the stimulation occurred enabled the user to "see", often being able to recognise an object
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to treat patients with disabilities, often those caused by neurological problems. One of the first applications of sensory substitution he created was a chair which allowed blind people to 'see'. The trials he conducted in 1969 are now regarded to be the first form of experimental evidence for
256:). The device stimulates different areas of the tongue, depending on the orientation of the accelerometers. This stimulation enables the patient to stay balanced. However, after repeated use, Bach-y-Rita discovered that the patient remained balanced for a short time after using the device.
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in 1983 and became a professor at UW Medical school, Department of
Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine and the UW–Madison Engineering School, Department of Biomedical Engineering, while working at other organisations around the world. Bach-y-Rita died at his home on November 20, 2006.
252:) consists of a group of accelerometers positioned on the patient and linked to a computer. The information is processed and fed to a small plate which is positioned on the patient's tongue (used because of the high density of
281:, which had not repaired itself after the stroke. The fact that he had made such a significant recovery suggested that his brain had reorganized itself, providing evidence for neuroplasticity.
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coming towards the camera. Bach-y-Rita suggested this was an example of neuroplasticity, as he believed the signals sent to the brain from the skin via touch were being processed in the
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Bach-y-Rita, P; Collins, CC; Saunders, FA; White, B; Scadden, L (8 March 1969). "Vision
Substitution by Tactile Image Projection".
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Paul Bach-y-RitaProfessor, Orthopedics and
Rehabilitation, and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
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Jane
Aguilar revealed that Paul's father Pedro had had a major stroke and had severe damage to a large portion of his
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Seeing with Your Tongue: Sensory-substitution devices help blind and deaf people, but that’s just the beginning
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137:(April 4, 1934 – November 20, 2006) was an American neuroscientist whose most notable work was in the field of
180:(UNAM). He initially dropped out, going through several varied jobs, but later returned to finish his degree.
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176:(now the University of the Americas in Puebla). After his early education, he studied medicine at
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Remembering
Leaders in the Field of Blindness and Visual Impairment: Dr. Paul Bach-y-Rita
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One of his last applications of neuroplasticity was to treat patients with damaged
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of a camera attaching to his or her head and feeding information to the tongue.
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After completing his degree, Bach-y-Rita worked for a short time as a
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Bach-y-Rita is known as "the father of sensory substitution".
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BrainPort, Dr. Paul Bach-y-Rita, and
Sensory Substitution
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as a tool to treat patients with neurological disorders.
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199:, becoming a professor at the age of 37. He joined the
683:"Can You See With Your Tongue? - DiscoverMagazine.com"
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Research into neuroplasticity to treat stroke patients
216:. He is seen as the first to propose the concept of
458:. University of Wisconsin. July 2007. Archived from
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Bach-y-Rita's most notable work was in the field of
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160:to Anne Hyman and Pedro Bach-y-Rita, the latter a
238:Using Neuroplasticity to treat balance disorders
208:Work in Sensory Substitution and Neuroplasticity
810:Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute people
664:Wed, March 30, 2005 retrieved 3rd October 2009
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268:In 1959, Bach-y-Rita's father, Pedro, had a
156:Bach-y-Rita was born on April 4, 1934, in
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187:in the village of Tilzapotla in Morelos,
456:"In Memoriam:Professor Paul Bach-y-Rita"
800:The Bronx High School of Science alumni
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193:Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute
178:Universidad Nacional AutĂłnoma de MĂ©xico
77:Universidad Nacional AutĂłnoma de MĂ©xico
191:, before working for ten years at the
406:Obituary, retrieved 4th October 2009.
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790:American people of Catalan descent
756:at University of Wisconsin-Madison
606:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1967.tb05747.x
559:Guardian Science Weekly 20/04/2009
14:
805:Scientists from New York (state)
367:Twilley, Nicola (May 15, 2017).
201:University of Wisconsin–Madison
123:University of Wisconsin–Madison
742:Dr. Paul Bach-y-Rita- Obituary
330:– via www.newyorker.com.
319:Twilley, Nicola (8 May 2017).
225:Early research in Neuroscience
1:
748:Can You See with Your Tongue?
593:Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
170:Bronx High School of Science
637:"BrainPort V100 Vision Aid"
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795:Mexico City College alumni
577:retrieved 3rd October 2009
572:"BrainPort balance device"
437:Salus University: Obituary
427:retrieved 4th October 2009
641:BrainPort V100 Vision Aid
369:"Seeing with Your Tongue"
321:"Seeing with Your Tongue"
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785:American neuroscientists
587:Bach-y-Rita, P. (1967).
166:City College of New York
750:at discovermagazine.com
669:April 29, 2010, at the
486:Encyclopædia Britannica
16:American neuroscientist
272:(stroke) which caused
707:"How BrainPort Works"
589:"Sensory Plasticity"
291:Sensory substitution
218:sensory substitution
168:. He studied at the
164:poet and teacher at
143:sensory substitution
88:Sensory substitution
744:at Salus University
523:1969Natur.221..963B
348:. November 22, 2006
270:cerebral infarction
174:Mexico City College
481:"Paul Bach-y-Rita"
442:2009-09-21 at the
423:2009-02-08 at the
402:2009-09-21 at the
244:vestibular systems
517:(5184): 963–964.
301:Frenkel exercises
254:sensory receptors
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58:(aged 72)
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342:"Obituaries"
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324:. Retrieved
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119:Institutions
109:Neuroscience
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56:(2006-11-20)
780:2006 deaths
775:1934 births
492:18 December
346:madison.com
63:Nationality
769:Categories
466:2010-01-20
307:References
279:brain stem
35:1934-04-24
760:BrainPort
274:paralysis
249:Brainport
185:physician
152:Biography
713:15 March
688:15 March
667:Archived
646:15 March
440:Archived
421:Archived
400:Archived
380:April 1,
352:April 1,
326:15 March
285:See also
67:American
623:1961455
615:5583047
547:4179427
539:5818337
519:Bibcode
162:Catalan
621:
613:
545:
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510:Nature
189:Mexico
105:Fields
79:(UNAM)
619:S2CID
543:S2CID
45:, USA
754:TCNL
715:2018
690:2018
648:2018
611:PMID
535:PMID
494:2015
382:2018
354:2018
328:2018
51:Died
29:Born
733:at
601:doi
527:doi
515:221
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698:^
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