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1404:
429:
during WWII, he was instructed that the U.S. would not be seeking to remove Franco from power beginning in 1948. This change in policy, along with 'friendly' relations by certain members of congress, made it difficult to achieve concessions from Spain in negotiations; this resulted in negotiations
1360:
1906:
491:
were culturally incompatible with democratic beliefs. This change also became evident in his opinion on the U.S. tolerating the Franco regime, as he stated that, in his opinion,
1901:
1916:
1398:
1382:
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452:
were a larger security threat. Another was negotiating with Franco's regime over the allocation of foreign aid, the government did not want to be included under the
448:
in the aftermath of the war. Despite domestic pressure, Culbertson did not see the affair as integral to security, instead believing the people remaining within
1896:
1891:
338:
Culbertson had a son, Paul
Trauger Culbertson Jr., with his wife Maria Bisset Culbertson, on February 2, 1929. Shortly after, in the 1930s, the family moved to
802:
1921:
363:
769:
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375:
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1200:
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1103:
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771:
Departments of State and
Justice, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations: Department of State. Hearings Before the Subcommittee
302:
218:
706:
690:
1440:
1544:
469:
1470:
38:
788:
Single File, the Men of Yale '23: A Quarter-century
Chronicle of the Combined Class of Yale College and Sheffield Scientific School
564:
1190:
726:
597:
495:
would be foolish and that after the fall of Franco "all hell would break loose" in Spain. He left this position in
December 1950.
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1368:
1007:
862:
661:
1911:
1060:
637:
1339:
1428:
1860:
483:
By June 1949 Culbertson's tone shifted. He began writing back to the United States that he was skeptical of the need to
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581:
547:
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1840:
916:
306:
286:
243:
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367:
282:
118:
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521:
1676:
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457:
406:
355:
1639:
1634:
1492:
422:
387:
1301:"Neither a Carrot Nor a Stick: American Foreign Aid and Economic Policymaking in Spain during the 1950s*"
918:
Congress And The
Presidency In U.s. Foreign Policymaking: A Study Of Interaction And Influence, 1945-1982
1666:
1609:
1497:
1273:
1122:
Spanien, Deutschland und die "jĂĽdische
Weltmacht": über Moral, Realpolitik und Vergangenheitsbewältigung
162:
1886:
1881:
1810:
1775:
1708:
1574:
339:
141:
1713:
1696:
1624:
484:
395:
774:. U.S. Government Printing Office: United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations. 1948.
599:
History of the Class of
Nineteen Hundred Twenty-three, Yale College: Yale University Class of 1923
1825:
1785:
1770:
1765:
1750:
1728:
1237:
988:
613:
492:
461:
399:
1790:
1039:(in French). Direction des Archives et de la documentation, Ministère des affaires étrangères.
1686:
1614:
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1320:
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and continued to represent the United States abroad. He also worked to ensure U.S. access to
1830:
1805:
1755:
1745:
1681:
1604:
1579:
1460:
1455:
1312:
1036:
La politique de la France à l'égard de l'Espagne de 1945 à 1955: entre idéologie et réalisme
972:
414:
74:
1740:
1584:
410:
328:
316:
311:
195:
185:
86:
62:
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1393:
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379:
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1344:(in French). Vol. 1. Atelier national de reproduction des thèses. p. 131.
1850:
1559:
1300:
449:
442:
438:
418:
391:
1855:
1671:
1549:
803:"NEW U.S. CHARGE IN SPAIN; Paul T. Culbertson Arrives to Head Embassy in Madrid"
434:
426:
298:
238:
315:. Following two of his brothers into the university, Culbertson graduated from
1507:
371:
180:
1324:
1233:
984:
814:
976:
413:
in June 1947. During his tenure, he faced the challenge of negotiating with
290:
23:
695:. United States Department of State: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1953.
1275:
La CIA en España: Espionaje, intrigas y polĂtica al servicio de
Washington
1423:
383:
343:
261:
1241:
1217:
992:
960:
614:"Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr. - View Obituary & Service Information"
477:
366:. While serving in this role he at times worked alongside his brother,
265:
1218:"Review of Embracing a Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945-53"
464:. One of the liberties that he criticized Franco over was the lack of
445:
332:
430:
between the two countries seeing much debate over numerous issues.
1403:
285:, to George Culbertson, alongside three other sons. He studied at
1078:
Congressional Record: Proceedings and
Debates of the ... Congress
728:
Armed Guests: Territorial
Sovereignty and Foreign Military Basing
961:""Overruled and Worn Down": Truman Sends an Ambassador to Spain"
1364:
638:"Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr. Obituary (2021) Courier-Journal"
1062:
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1948: Western Europe
362:
in 1932. He then went on to serve as Assistant Chief of the
1149:
Embracing a Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945–53
1095:
Embracing a Dictatorship: US Relations with Spain, 1945–53
580:
Nettleton, George Henry; Bishop, Lottie Genevieve (1925).
1081:. Vol. 95. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1949.
456:
and would push back against Culbertson's attempts to
260:(April 11, 1897 – December 18, 1968) was an American
1907:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
1653:
1479:
1412:
468:within the state. He would occasionally join, then
234:
224:
214:
206:
201:
191:
179:
171:
156:
148:
137:
125:
101:
96:
80:
68:
58:
37:
21:
566:Genealogy of the Culbertson and Culberson families
861:Leitz, Christian; Dunthorn, David (1999-09-01).
834:Rubottom, R. Richard; Murphy, J. Carter (1984).
888:Fusi, J. P.; AizpurĂşa, Juan Pablo Fusi (1987).
840:. University of Michigan: Praeger. p. 16.
837:Spain and the United States: Since World War II
433:Early on one such issue was the battle between
758:. Vol. 32. Time Incorporated. p. 13.
1376:
752:Hadden, Briton; Luce, Henry Robinson (1938).
425:and Spanish exiles who had stood against the
8:
602:. New Haven: Class Secretaries Bureau. 1923.
1902:United States Army personnel of World War I
546:State, United States Department of (1922).
1383:
1369:
1361:
948:. Columbia University: ICP. pp. 4–12.
281:Culbertson was born on April 11, 1897, in
18:
1917:Ambassadors of the United States to Spain
864:Spain in International Context, 1936-1959
1065:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1976.
711:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1937.
1189:Cazorla-Sanchez, Antonio (2013-07-18).
506:
354:Culbertson was nominated to serve as a
692:Foreign Relations of the United States
498:Culbertson died on December 18, 1968.
1338:Pereira, José Pedro Cantinho (2004).
720:
718:
7:
1897:Military personnel from Pennsylvania
1892:People from Greensburg, Pennsylvania
1299:Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar (2006-06-01).
618:Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr. Obituary
516:
514:
512:
510:
303:United States Army Ambulance Service
219:United States Army Ambulance Service
563:Culbertson, Lewis R. (1923-01-01).
549:Register of the Department of State
1399:United States Ambassadors to Spain
1341:Le Portugal et l'Europe, 1947-1953
1006:Messenger, David A. (2014-05-12).
791:. Harvard University. p. 160.
364:Office of Western European Affairs
309:, during which he was awarded the
54:June 1947 – December 1950
14:
1272:Grimaldos, Alfredo (2017-01-24).
1192:Franco: The Biography of the Myth
725:Schmidt, Sebastian (2020-10-01).
1402:
1392:
1317:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00561.x
1222:The International History Review
785:Derby, John Barlow, ed. (1948).
708:Official Congressional Directory
569:. Dalcassian Publishing Company.
487:to other countries and that the
1922:20th-century American diplomats
1009:Hunting Nazis in Franco's Spain
755:Taxes, Spices, and Frankfurters
417:government in the aftermath of
370:, who had already served as an
327:. After graduating he moved to
319:in 1923; while there he joined
305:, where he participated in the
965:Presidential Studies Quarterly
662:"Congressional Record: Senate"
1:
1278:(in Spanish). Grupo Planeta.
1125:(in German). C. Bertelsmann.
405:Culbertson began serving as
297:on November 1, 1917, during
39:United States Ambassador to
1258:Memoirs of Charles Kendrick
1216:Whealey, Robert H. (1999).
1119:Wolffsohn, Michael (1991).
731:. Oxford University Press.
552:. U.S. Department of State.
258:Paul Trauger Culbertson Sr.
175:Paul Trauger Culbertson Jr.
28:Paul Trauger Culbertson Sr.
1938:
1255:Kendrick, Charles (1972).
1146:Liedtke, Boris N. (1998).
1092:Liedtke, Boris N. (1998).
942:Lowi, Theodore J. (1963).
460:of the country and expand
307:Second Battle of the Somme
244:Second Battle of the Somme
1482:Minister Plenipotentiary
1413:Ministers Plenipotentiary
1152:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
1098:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
528:. Office of the Historian
522:"Paul Trauger Culbertson"
251:
92:
47:
33:
1654:Ambassador Extraordinary
959:Byrnes, Mark S. (1999).
915:Rourke, John T. (1983).
586:. Yale University Press.
485:export democratic values
470:Spanish Foreign Minister
421:. Despite pressure from
409:of the United States to
368:William Smith Culbertson
283:Greensburg, Pennsylvania
119:Greensburg, Pennsylvania
1480:Envoy Extraordinary and
977:10.1111/1741-5705.00032
152:Maria Bisset Culbertson
106:Paul Trauger Culbertson
1912:Yale University alumni
458:liberalize the economy
1033:Dulphy, Anne (2002).
921:. Avalon Publishing.
583:Yale in the World War
474:Alberto MartĂn-Artajo
163:William S. Culbertson
894:. Harper & Row.
142:Darnestown, Maryland
16:Former U.S. diplomat
1656:and Plenipotentiary
891:Franco: A Biography
287:Western High School
1305:Diplomatic History
867:. Berghahn Books.
807:The New York Times
493:economic sanctions
462:personal liberties
415:Francisco Franco's
1869:
1868:
1737:
1734:chargé d'affaires
1705:
1702:chargé d'affaires
1516:
1513:chargé d'affaires
1437:
1434:chargé d'affaires
1351:978-2-284-04120-7
1285:978-84-9942-575-7
1202:978-1-134-44956-9
1178:. Newsweek. 1948.
1159:978-0-333-71077-7
1132:978-3-570-00355-8
1105:978-0-333-71077-7
1046:978-2-11-089153-2
1019:978-0-8071-5565-3
928:978-0-86531-989-9
901:978-0-06-433127-2
874:978-1-78920-585-5
847:978-0-03-069618-3
738:978-0-19-009776-9
526:history.state.gov
466:religious liberty
407:Chargé d’Affaires
350:Diplomatic career
255:
254:
129:December 18, 1968
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202:Military service
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97:Personal details
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75:Philip W. Bonsal
71:
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671:. April 8, 1932
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423:European allies
352:
317:Yale University
312:Croix de Guerre
279:
274:
196:Croix de Guerre
186:Yale University
130:
117:
111:
109:
108:
107:
87:Stanton Griffis
81:
69:
63:Harry S. Truman
53:
48:
40:
29:
26:
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5:
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1660:(1913–present)
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1311:(3): 409–438.
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1261:. p. 136.
1247:
1228:(3): 813–815.
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1111:
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998:
971:(2): 263–279.
951:
945:Bases in Spain
934:
927:
907:
900:
880:
873:
853:
846:
826:
809:. 1947-05-28.
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777:
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714:
698:
682:
653:
629:
605:
589:
572:
555:
538:
505:
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489:Spanish people
427:fascist powers
400:Western Africa
380:military bases
351:
348:
325:Yale Glee Club
278:
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215:Branch/service
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133:(aged 71)
127:
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116:April 11, 1897
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669:govinfo.gov
435:extradition
392:territories
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299:World War I
239:World War I
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642:Legacy.com
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157:Relations
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50:In office
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1610:Grubb
1595:Curry
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1535:Soulé
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1441:Short
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446:Nazis
411:Spain
376:Chile
293:as a
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1781:Hill
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