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the spillway. The spillway is composed of eight floodgates and has a maximum discharge capacity of 10,000 cubic metres per second (350,000 cu ft/s). The dam withholds a 127,500,000 cubic metres (103,400 acre⋅ft) capacity reservoir with a surface area of 12.9 kilometres (8.0 mi). The reservoir receives water through a channel that originates near the southern end of the
Appolonius Sales Reservoir and continues south, skirting the city. The PA IV power house is also underground and is 210 metres (690 ft) long, 52 metres (171 ft) high and 24 metres (79 ft) wide. It contains six 410.4 megawatts (550,400 hp) MW generators for an installed capacity of 2,462.4 megawatts (3,302,100 hp). Each generator is a SíncronoVertical-type manufactured by Siemens and utilizes vertical shaft Francis turbines that were manufactured by Voith.
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October 21 that year. Another generator was commissioned in 1972 and the final two in 1974, the last of which on August 5. In 1971, construction had moved to the
Apollonius Sales (Moxotó) Dam and power plant 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) upstream from the falls. In 1977, construction was completed and its four generators went online in April of that year. In 1972, construction began on the final dam and power plant, PA IV, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the falls. Construction was complete in 1979 and its first generator commissioned on December 1. Two more generators were commissioned in 1980, two in 1981 and the final on May 28, 1983.
354:, the Delmiro Gouveia Dam supports Paulo Afonso I, II and III. The dam is 20 metres (66 ft) high, 4,707 metres (15,443 ft) long and is a concrete gravity type. The reservoir formed by the dam has a 26,000,000 cubic metres (21,000 acre⋅ft) capacity and surface area of 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi). The dam has one uncontrolled spillway and a controlled spillway on its outer linings while also supporting four controlled spillways on the front of the falls. These four surface spillways when open, discharge water below and essentially recreate the falls.
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370:. PA II is a 104-metre (341 ft) long, 36-metre (118 ft) high and 18-metre (59 ft) wide power house. It contains six Vertical Sync-type generators with Francis turbines. Two of the generators are 70 megawatts (94,000 hp), one is 75 megawatts (101,000 hp) and the remaining three are 176 megawatts (236,000 hp), for a total installing capacity of 443 megawatts (594,000 hp) MW. The generators were manufactured by
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307:. The dam creates a 1,200,000,000 cubic metres (970,000 acre⋅ft) capacity reservoir with a surface area of 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) and catchment area of 630,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi). The dam and its reservoir are primarily intended to regulate water flow to PA I, II and III 4 km downstream. On the dam's west side, it supports a 20
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273:) was formed in 1945. On May 23, 1944, construction on Paulo Afonso I had been authorized with two generators. Construction began in 1948; workers and engineers experienced difficulty diverting the river, transporting the turbines to the site while in midst of dangerous work conditions. Tunnels and a cavern had to be excavated for Brazil's first
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The Paulo Afonso Dam located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the falls is 35 metres (115 ft) high and 7,430 metres (24,380 ft) long. The dam is an earth and rock-fill type but is 1,053 metres (3,455 ft) in length of concrete structures which include the power plant's intake and
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All three power plants are about 82 metres (269 ft) underground and adjacent to one another. PA I lies in the center and is housed in a 60-metre (200 ft) long, 31-metre (102 ft) high and 15-metre (49 ft) wide cavern. It contains three 60 megawatts (80,000 hp) generators with
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By 1961, PA II was complete and on
October 24 that year, its first generator was commissioned. PA II's five other generators became operational between 1962 and December 18, 1967. Construction on PA III started soon after in 1967 and was complete in 1971 with its first generator commissioned on
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inaugurated PA I. Previously, in 1953, CHESF negotiated with the government for a third generating unit at PA I and the excavation of another underground power plant for the future PA II adjacent to PA I on the falls. The third generator at PA I was commissioned on
September 18, 1955, and
240:. Constructed in succession between 1948 and 1979, the dams support the Paulo Afonso I, II, III, IV and Apollonius Sales (Moxotó) power plants which contain a total of 23 generators with an installed capacity of 4,279.6 megawatts (5,739,000 hp).
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for power production and the first hydroelectric power plant in northeastern Brazil. Construction of the power plant was intended to spur economic growth in the area and soon after another hydroelectric plant was constructed upstream near
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PA I was the first large power plant constructed in Brazil and the complex constitutes the densest area of dams in Brazil. The complex provides electricity to areas in northeastern Brazil and is the main tourist attraction in the region.
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The Apolônio Sales Dam and power plant were originally known as Moxotó but were renamed after Apolônio Sales, the founder of CHESF. The dam is a 30 metres (98 ft) high, 2,825 metres (9,268 ft) long rock and earth-fill
382:. PA III's power house is 127 metres (417 ft) long, 46 metres (151 ft) high and 18 metres (59 ft) wide. It contains four 198.55 megawatts (266,260 hp) Vertical Sync-type generators manufactured by
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with a 28,000 cubic metres per second (990,000 cu ft/s) capacity. The power plant is located on the east side of the dam near the reservoir's shore and contains four
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for economic development in the semi-arid region. They began to plan the river's development and the
Companhia Hidro-Elétrica do São Francisco (
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for an installed capacity of 795.2 megawatts (1,066,400 hp). Each generator utilizes a
Francis turbine manufactured by Voith.
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Construction of the dams caused a loss of 1,600 hectares (4,000 acres) of land along with displacing 52,000 people.
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of 100 megawatts (130,000 hp) for a total installed capacity of 400 megawatts (540,000 hp).
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On
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781:"Hydropower Dams and Social Impacts: A Sociological Perspective"
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205:(Complexo Hidrelétrico de Paulo Afonso), also known as the
810:"Hydroelectric power plants are built into the vegetation"
472:"Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex - Generation System"
533:"UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO À HISTORIOGRAFIA DE BASE LOCAL E"
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256:Delmiro Gouveia, was the first use of the
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808:Fernandes, Adriana (December 16, 2005).
717:"Description Advantage Appolonius Sales"
684:"Description Advantage Paulo Afonso III"
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338:Overhead of the complex, click to expand
972:Energy infrastructure completed in 1977
967:Energy infrastructure completed in 1983
962:Energy infrastructure completed in 1974
957:Energy infrastructure completed in 1967
952:Energy infrastructure completed in 1955
750:"Description Advantage Paulo Afonso IV"
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651:"Description Advantage Paulo Afonso II"
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183:Related media on Commons
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618:"Description Advantage Paulo Afonso I"
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366:. The turbines were manufactured by
33:A view of Paulo Afonso I, II and III
501:Campos Ferreira, Omar (June 2002).
169:4,279.6 MW (5,739,000 hp)
203:Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex
22:Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex
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591:"About the Flag of Paulo Afonso"
453:List of power stations in Brazil
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350:Situated directly on top of the
128:Thermal power station
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947:Dams on the São Francisco River
531:Muccini, Sandra (August 2007).
503:"The Brazilian Electric System"
16:Brazilian hydroelectric project
569:"Blogging in Brazil: Day nine"
567:Cabral, Paulo (July 3, 2003).
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982:1955 establishments in Brazil
812:. Ecotourism. Archived from
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443:Renewable energy portal
346:Generator hall of PA II
330:Paulo Afonso I, II, III
322:. Each generator has a
298:Apolônio Sales (Moxotó)
275:underground power plant
209:, is a system of three
165:Nameplate capacity
133:Turbine technology
505:. Economy & Energy
378:while the turbines by
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248:Background and history
156:Units operational
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143:Power generation
207:Paulo Afonso Complex
109:Commission date
84:9.39694°S 38.20222°W
866:São Francisco River
779:Cernea, Michael M.
760:on 23 November 2015
727:on 23 November 2015
694:on 10 December 2015
661:on 24 November 2015
628:on 23 November 2015
546:(1). Archived from
267:São Francisco River
222:São Francisco River
174:External links
89:-9.39694; -38.20222
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862:Hydroelectric dams
352:Paulo Afonso Falls
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258:Paulo Afonso Falls
238:Paulo Afonso Falls
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103:Operational
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63:Coordinates
936:Categories
882:Sobradinho
788:World Bank
571:. BBC News
459:References
316:generators
75:38°12′08″W
309:floodgate
213:and five
113:1954–1979
72:9°23′49″S
923:Archived
399:See also
312:spillway
118:Owner(s)
53:Location
864:on the
384:Siemens
376:Hitachi
220:on the
179:Commons
43:Country
897:Moxotó
234:Brazil
100:Status
47:Brazil
902:Xingó
784:(PDF)
754:CHESF
721:CHESF
688:CHESF
655:CHESF
622:CHESF
551:(PDF)
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476:CHESF
380:Voith
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230:Bahia
190:[
122:CHESF
822:2010
795:2010
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733:2010
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374:and
211:dams
201:The
228:in
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