400:(composed of 28 gerontes and the two kings) and the five ephors. Although he had worked with Pausanias to bring Lysander down, the initiative of the trial came from Agis II, with the obvious encouragement of Lysander's friends. The cause of Agis' shifting behaviour has long been debated by modern historians. Perhaps he only supported Pausanias to reduce Lysander's dangerous power, but then returned to the traditional rivalry between the two royal houses; Agis additionally supported the "hard-line" against Athens. The breakdown of the Gerousia's final vote is known (an exceptional occurrence in Spartan history): the 28 gerontes were evenly divided, but Agis cast his vote against his colleague. Pausanias was nonetheless saved by the ephors, who unanimously voted in his favour, but the reason behind this support is unknown. They presumably agreed with Pausanias' settlement that allowed Sparta to control Athens without intervening too much in its affairs.
1482:
369:
while Athens joined the
Peloponnesian League. This settlement completely overturned Lysander's policy since the end of the Peloponnesian War, since Lysander's oligarchies in the other Greek cities were probably removed at the same time. Out of gratitude for Pausanias, the Athenians built a large monument for the Spartans who died in the earlier skirmishes against the Democrats. It was located on the
131:
260:, who prevented Pleistoanax from returning to Sparta, while Pausanias could not oppose him as a child. Pleistoanax could only return in 427, after the death of Archidamus; he recovered his former position, with Pausanias as prince. During his second reign, Pleistoanax was the leader of the Peace faction in Sparta, in favour of negotiating a settlement with Athens to end the
173:, which was deemed dishonourable in Sparta. Too young to reign, his uncle Cleomenes acted as regent. Pleistoanax then returned in 427 BC and resumed his reign. Pausanias effectively became king in 409, at the death of his father. As he continued the conciliatory policy with Athens favoured by Pleistoanax, Pausanias clashed with Lysander, the Spartan general who had won the
384:, tells that Pausanias acted against Lysander because he was jealous of his power. However, Pausanias was probably more concerned by the growing anger expressed by Sparta's allies against Lysander's aggressive imperialism, and wanted instead to return to Sparta's traditional foreign policy of isolationism abroad and conservatism at home. Lysander and his friends, such as
513:, Lysander was killed after bringing his forces too near the walls of the city. Pausanias's army arrived after Lysander's defeat but then left the battle scene primarily due to Athenian military opposition. King Pausanias negotiated a cease of fighting so the bodies of the dead were able to be collected for a proper burial. After, the Spartan army returned to
324:, a stronghold occupied by Sparta since 415. Perhaps Pausanias refused to let Agis command the army because of the century-long enmity between the kings. Athens nevertheless refused to submit and Pausanias returned to Sparta with the army. The Peloponnesian War ended the following year after Lysander negotiated the Athenian surrender, notably with
466:, narrates two campaigns instead of one and attributes the leadership of both to the other king, Agis. Others insist that Diodorus, who for own part omits any mention of Agis, preserves authentic material. Ron Unz, who accepts the role of Pausanias, additionally suggests that it was Pausanias who led the subsequent Spartan attack on
363:
consequently refused to join his expedition, as they believed he was going to make Athens a
Spartan possession. Once in Attica, Pausanias relieved Lysander from his command, then fought a small battle against the Athenian Democrats commanded by Thrasybulus. Soon after, Pausanias opened negotiations
355:(out of five) and Agis II to lead the Peloponnesian army to Attica to put Lysander in check. Only one ephor's name is known: Nausikleidas, who also followed Pausanias in Attica. Pausanias initially disguised his real intentions and commanded the army with the official purpose of helping the Thirty.
368:
and the ephors sent a 15-man commission to Attica in order to assist
Pausanias to conclude a settlement. Pausanias therefore applied his plan: he granted Athens full internal autonomy, restored the democracy, removed the Spartan garrison from Athens, pronounced a general amnesty among Athenians,
240:
and offered him a lenient peace as a result. Pausanias was probably born around this time, perhaps even after his father's exile. The choice of his name is significant, as
Pleistoanax gave him the name of his own father
570:. The main point of his pamphlet seems to have been a call for the abolition of the ephors, and returning to the ancestral constitution of Sparta designed by the legendary, or perhaps mythical, lawgiver
232:, born during a period of conflict against the other Spartan authorities and the Eurypontids—the other Spartan dynasty. His father was forced to go into exile after his first military campaign against
204:. Pausanias was again prosecuted by Lysander's friends, who accused him of having delayed his army to avoid supporting Lysander. This time, Pausanias was sentenced to death and had to go into exile in
403:
Following his trial, Pausanias disappears from the sources until 396, probably because he disapproved Sparta's renewed imperialist policy conducted by the
Eurypontids, Agis and his successor
509:. Lysander arrived at the city while Pausanias's forces were still several days away. Not willing to wait for Pausanias, Lysander advanced to Haliartus with his troops. In the ensuing
556:, perhaps the general known in the 390s, also composed a treaty on a similar topic. Pausanias' text is lost, and its only mention in ancient sources comes from a corrupted passage in
162:. He ruled Sparta from 445 BC to 427 BC and again from 409 BC to 395 BC. He was the leader of the faction in Sparta that opposed the imperialist policy conducted by
552:, a pamphlet on Lycurgus and the Spartan constitution. Writing was a very unusual activity for a Spartan king at the time, but another contemporary Spartan named
592:. Pausanias therefore had a significant influence on the idealisation of Lycurgus in Sparta, which culminated in the 3rd century, when the revolutionary kings
351:
Whereas the crushing of the
Athenian democrats appeared imminent, Pausanias brought a drastic change in Sparta. In July 403, he convinced a majority of three
344:
in western Attica. Sparta initially made a loan of 100 talents to the Thirty (to hire mercenaries), while
Lysander went to Eleusis and his brother Libys as
2031:
574:. Modern scholars suggest that Pausanias argued that the ephorate was not founded by Lycurgus, as it had hitherto been assumed by the Spartans, because
332:, as he had done in Athens' former allied cities when he captured them. This regime was rapidly challenged by the Athenian democratic resistance led by
1434:
256:
The regency for
Pausanias was assumed by his uncle Cleomenes, second son of Pausanias the Regent. This period was dominated by the Eurypontid king
2001:
268:
in 421, which nevertheless had only a short life. Pleistoanax finally died in 408 and
Pausanias became king again; this time in full capacity.
1308:
1291:
1200:
1165:
482:
Returning to Sparta in 395 BC, Lysander was instrumental in starting a war with Thebes and other Greek cities, which came to be known as the
388:, also brought some of wealth they had amassed during the war against Athens, which provoked resentment in Sparta, likely led by Pausanias.
1354:
1346:
1256:
1217:
1179:
525:
Because of his poor leadership at
Haliartus, Pausanias was condemned to death by the Spartans and replaced as king by his young son
364:
with the Democrats and advised them to send an official embassy to Sparta. After they heard the Athenian ambassadors, the Spartan
2011:
2006:
1996:
501:
The Spartans arranged for two armies, one under Lysander and the other under Pausanias, to rendezvous at and attack the city of
2021:
2016:
169:
Pausanias became king in 445 BC, when his father Pleistoanax was forced into exile because he made a peace settlement with
1427:
1246:
1237:
1133:
462:
Some authorities have been tempted to reject this entire sequence of events because the main source for the Elean war,
1751:
1559:
2026:
1954:
1814:
1122:. Accessed December 14, 2019. ProQuest Ebook Central: Somerset: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 100.
474:
from his winter quarters at Dyme, to expel the Messenians which had been settled there by Athens decades before.
280:, a talented general from the entourage of the Eurypontids. Thanks to his naval victories against Athens in the
1864:
1824:
1420:
396:
On his return to Sparta from Athens, Pausanias was prosecuted for betrayal before a supreme court made of the
1443:
27:
431:
in 401. With levies from all of Sparta's allies except Corinth and Thebes, Pausanias invaded Eleia through
1498:
1461:
1334:
1804:
1839:
1819:
1696:
1691:
585:
580:
317:
242:
209:
1481:
835:
Ruzé, "The Empire of the Spartans (404–371)", in Powell (editor), ''A Companion to Sparta'', p. 323.
1874:
1869:
1741:
1706:
1651:
1636:
571:
510:
305:
213:
607:, according to an inscription found on a monument set up by Pausanias to the memory of his son in
451:
mercenaries prompted him to ravage the countryside instead. Soon afterwards, Pausanias retired to
304:(commander of the navy), but the latter sabotaged the position of his successor, which led to the
1834:
1127:
296:, which even overshadowed the Spartan kings. In 406, Pausanias likely supported the candidacy of
182:
1884:
1503:
1363:
1342:
1323:
1304:
1287:
1273:
1252:
1213:
1196:
1175:
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553:
365:
293:
289:
261:
174:
86:
1959:
1564:
1241:
432:
424:
412:
301:
233:
170:
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for the winter, while his troops were garrisoned in forts he had built in Elean territory.
193:
attempted a prosecution for betrayal against Pausanias, who narrowly escaped condemnation.
1970:
1676:
1394:
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in the 8th century. This change of thought was perhaps due to the authority of Pausanias'
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471:
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265:
155:
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1894:
1844:
1781:
1766:
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487:
483:
356:
329:
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to besiege Athens, although Agis was already in Attica, at the head of the garrison of
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197:
186:
142:
447:. He then besieged Elis itself, but a successful sortie by the Eleans and some picked
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1771:
1731:
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257:
225:
99:
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Pausanias' first known command was in Autumn 405, when he led the main force of the
189:
installed by Lysander after his victory. The latter's supporters and the other king
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1934:
1909:
1859:
1736:
1721:
1701:
1666:
1404:
1296:
1205:
772:
614:
The year of Pausanias's death is sometime after 380 BC. He was also the father of
604:
526:
444:
404:
94:
57:
486:. The Spartans prepared to send out an army against this new alliance of Athens,
1924:
1761:
1711:
1681:
1631:
1616:
1606:
1580:
1387:
826:
Cartledge, "Spartan justice?", pp. 14, 15, 17, calls him an "exceptional ephor".
562:
333:
229:
159:
47:
660:
White, "Some Agiad Dates", p. 149, places Pausanias' birth between 444 and 440.
253:
in Sparta; thus showing Pleistoanax's defiance against the Spartan government.
130:
1964:
1854:
1849:
1686:
1656:
1301:
Sparta's First Attic War, The Grand Strategy of Classical Sparta, 478–446 B.C.
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325:
281:
178:
1367:
1327:
1975:
1889:
1879:
1829:
1776:
1661:
1533:
1528:
575:
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467:
428:
408:
285:
1277:
1919:
1756:
1646:
1641:
1626:
1549:
1518:
1513:
1270:
Prosopographie der Lakedaimonier, bis auf die Zeit Alexanders des Grossen
567:
463:
440:
397:
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277:
237:
163:
1939:
1904:
1809:
1799:
1746:
1621:
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1508:
1471:
1262:
1193:
Sparta's Bitter Victories: Politics and Diplomacy in the Corinthian War
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491:
448:
374:
345:
341:
337:
321:
190:
117:
67:
1375:
1611:
1585:
1447:
608:
557:
533:
514:
456:
436:
427:, alone of all extant sources, assigns Pausanias the leadership of a
250:
177:
against Athens in 404 BC and supported an imperialist policy in the
1466:
1412:
857:
Ruzé, "The Empire of the Spartans (404–371)", in Powell (editor),
537:
352:
246:
205:
152:
129:
122:
1378:", The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 84 (1964), pp. 140–152.
1265:", Phoenix, Vol. 52, No. 1/2 (Spring–Summer, 1998), pp. 120–124.
452:
1416:
146:
1480:
236:
in 445 because he was accused of having taken a bribe from
1174:, London, Routledge, 2002 (originally published in 1979).
771:, p. 143, does not support nor reject this theory made by
532:
However, Pausanias was able to escape execution and fled
340:
harbour in 403; the Thirty then retreated to the city of
276:
The later part of the Peloponnesian War was dominated by
181:. In 403 BC, Pausanias engineered the restoration of the
264:(ongoing since 431). His efforts were rewarded with the
208:. He composed there a political treaty dealing with the
1352:
Unz, Ron K. (1986). "The Chronology of the Elean War".
961:, pp. 94, 109, 123, 351, the exact charges are unknown.
1184:——, "Spartan justice? or the 'state of the ephors'?",
328:, and installed a pro-Spartan oligarchy, known as the
284:, Lysander built a network of friendships with puppet
935:
Ste. Croix, Origins of the Peloponnesian War, p. 146.
308:
and Lysander's return to command the following year.
1314:
Roy, Jim (2009). "The Spartan–Elean War of c. 400".
1043:
1041:
1790:
1595:
1573:
1542:
1491:
1454:
1160:, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.
116:
108:
85:
77:
73:
63:
53:
43:
33:
26:
21:
1172:Sparta and Lakonia, A Regional History 1300–362 BC
312:Restoration of the Athenian democracy (405–403 BC)
1212:, Ithaca/London, Cornell University Press, 1969.
1059:Ruzé, "The Empire of the Spartans (404–371)", in
415:, and the expedition against the Persian Empire.
1272:, Chicago, 1985 (originally published in 1913).
603:Pausanias is believed to have outlived his son,
1231:The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition
185:, which had been replaced by the regime of the
1103:Parke, H.W. "The Disposing of Spartan Kings".
700:Marr, "What Did the Athenians Demand", p. 122.
1428:
8:
600:claimed to base their reforms on Lycurgus.
1435:
1421:
1413:
1381:
1303:, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2019.
1263:What Did the Athenians Demand in 432 B.C.?
1195:, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1979.
196:In 395 BC, Lysander died fighting against
18:
1233:, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1981.
1226:, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1974.
1000:, p. 135; "Spartan justice?", pp. 16, 17.
1376:Some Agiad Dates: Pausanias and His Sons
669:White, "Some Agiad Dates", pp. 140, 141.
16:King of Sparta in 445–426 and 408–395 BC
1268:Paul Poralla & Alfred S. Bradford,
627:
1125:
1060:
1210:The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War
1085:
1083:
1081:
1022:Cartledge, "Spartan justice?", p. 17.
783:
781:
737:
735:
216:, the mythical legislator of Sparta.
7:
1339:The Origins of the Peloponnesian War
1251:, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
721:
719:
498:(with the backing of the Persians).
1355:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
1072:
1047:
439:, winning over four communities in
1249:, vol. VI, The Fourth Century B.C.
1158:Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta
691:White, "Some Agiad Dates", p. 141.
584:wrote that it was created by king
245:, who was starved to death by the
14:
2032:Spartans of the Peloponnesian War
636:Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War
419:Campaign against Elis (c. 401 BC)
898:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
885:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
802:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
789:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
769:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
727:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
711:Origins of the Peloponnesian War
380:The main source for the events,
1322:. University of Pavia: 69–86.
1107:. 39, no. 3–4 (1945): 106–112.
741:Lewis, "Sparta as victor", in
1:
2002:4th-century BC Greek monarchs
1247:The Cambridge Ancient History
548:In exile, Pausanias wrote a
435:, taking the border fort of
1341:, London, Duckworth, 1972.
220:First reign (c. 445–427 BC)
2048:
1399:445–426 BC and 408–395 BC
224:Pausanias belonged to the
147:
1478:
1401:
1392:
1384:
972:Sparta's Bitter Victories
946:Sparta's Bitter Victories
924:Sparta's Bitter Victories
911:Sparta's Bitter Victories
872:Sparta's Bitter Victories
846:Sparta's Bitter Victories
815:Sparta's Bitter Victories
743:Cambridge Ancient History
638:, pp. 124, 125 (note 13).
566:, written in the time of
272:Second reign (409–395 BC)
134:Sparta in Ancient Greece
1286:, Hoboken, Wiley, 2018.
1244:, M. Ostwald (editors),
1132:: CS1 maint: location (
678:Poralla & Bradford,
649:Sparta's First Attic War
228:and was the son of king
200:at the beginning of the
2012:4th-century BC Spartans
2007:5th-century BC Spartans
1997:5th-century BC monarchs
1282:Anton Powell (editor),
1105:The Classical Quarterly
756:Fall of Athenian Empire
478:Corinthian War (395 BC)
300:to replace Lysander as
1485:
1335:G. E. M. de Ste. Croix
1118:Powell, Anton (2017).
135:
2022:4th-century BC deaths
2017:Agiad kings of Sparta
1484:
1284:A Companion to Sparta
1191:Charles D. Hamilton,
859:A Companion to Sparta
521:Second trial (395 BC)
429:campaign against Elis
133:
1692:Cleombrotus (regent)
1395:Agiad King of Sparta
536:to live in exile in
392:First trial (403 BC)
318:Peloponnesian League
243:Pausanias the Regent
210:Spartan constitution
1224:The Archidamian War
1188:, n°3, 2000, p. 14.
1120:Companion to Sparta
511:Battle of Haliartus
373:, just outside the
348:blockaded Piraeus.
336:, who captured the
306:defeat of Arginusae
1793:Eurypontid dynasty
1742:Cleonymus (regent)
1707:Nicomedes (regent)
1697:Pausanias (regent)
1486:
1075:, pp. 40, 42.
913:, p. 86 (note 66).
470:, just across the
407:, notably against
183:Athenian democracy
136:
1984:
1983:
1411:
1410:
1402:Succeeded by
1309:978-0-300-24261-4
1292:978-1-4051-8869-2
1201:978-0-8014-1158-8
1166:978-0-7156-3032-7
578:(384–322) in the
262:Peloponnesian War
249:in the temple of
175:Peloponnesian War
128:
127:
2039:
2027:Spartan hegemony
1437:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1385:Preceded by
1382:
1374:Mary E. White, "
1371:
1331:
1242:Simon Hornblower
1138:
1137:
1131:
1123:
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745:, vol. 6, p. 25.
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425:Diodorus Siculus
150:
149:
19:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
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2037:
2036:
1987:
1986:
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1980:
1792:
1786:
1677:Anaxandridas II
1597:
1591:
1574:Early Heraclids
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1538:
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1476:
1450:
1441:
1407:
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1390:
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1313:
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1013:, pp. 135, 284.
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887:, pp. 145, 146.
882:
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804:, pp. 144, 145.
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266:Peace of Nicias
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1767:Cleombrotus II
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1203:
1189:
1182:
1168:
1154:Paul Cartledge
1149:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1110:
1095:
1077:
1065:
1063:, p. 331.
1052:
1037:
1024:
1015:
1002:
989:
976:
963:
950:
937:
928:
915:
902:
889:
876:
863:
850:
837:
828:
819:
806:
793:
777:
760:
758:, pp. 328–330.
747:
731:
715:
702:
693:
684:
680:Prosopographie
671:
662:
653:
640:
626:
625:
623:
620:
545:
542:
522:
519:
484:Corinthian War
479:
476:
443:, and seizing
420:
417:
393:
390:
330:Thirty Tyrants
313:
310:
273:
270:
221:
218:
202:Corinthian War
187:Thirty Tyrants
156:King of Sparta
126:
125:
120:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
103:
102:
97:
91:
89:
83:
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61:
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55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
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28:King of Sparta
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2044:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:Eudamidas III
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Archidamus IV
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:Archidamus II
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:Hippocratidas
1873:
1871:
1870:Leotychidas I
1868:
1866:
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1801:
1798:
1797:
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1778:
1775:
1773:
1772:Cleomenes III
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Agesipolis II
1730:
1728:
1727:Cleombrotus I
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
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1708:
1705:
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1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1599:Agiad dynasty
1594:
1587:
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1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
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1517:
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1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:Lacedaemonids
1490:
1483:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
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1350:
1348:
1347:0-7156-0640-9
1344:
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1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:0-521-23348-8
1254:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1238:John Boardman
1236:D. M. Lewis,
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1218:0-8014-9556-3
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1180:0-415-26276-3
1177:
1173:
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1129:
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1106:
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1092:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1050:, p. 80.
1049:
1044:
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1038:
1034:
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1025:
1019:
1016:
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1003:
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847:
841:
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832:
829:
823:
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797:
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790:
784:
782:
778:
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770:
764:
761:
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751:
748:
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738:
736:
732:
728:
722:
720:
716:
712:
706:
703:
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694:
688:
685:
681:
675:
672:
666:
663:
657:
654:
650:
644:
641:
637:
631:
628:
621:
619:
617:
616:Cleombrotus I
612:
610:
606:
601:
599:
598:Cleomenes III
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:
559:
555:
551:
543:
541:
539:
535:
530:
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518:
516:
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354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
298:Callicratidas
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
258:Archidamus II
254:
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:Agiad dynasty
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
158:; the son of
157:
154:
144:
140:
132:
124:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
101:
100:Cleombrotus I
98:
96:
93:
92:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1950:Archidamus V
1935:Eudamidas II
1910:Agesilaus II
1860:Archidamus I
1737:Cleomenes II
1722:Agesipolis I
1716:
1702:Pleistarchus
1667:Eurycratides
1405:Agesipolis I
1393:
1362:(1): 29–42.
1359:
1353:
1338:
1319:
1315:
1300:
1297:Paul A. Rahe
1283:
1269:
1261:John Marr, "
1245:
1230:
1223:
1209:
1206:Donald Kagan
1192:
1185:
1171:
1157:
1148:Bibliography
1143:
1119:
1113:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1068:
1055:
1032:
1027:
1018:
1010:
1005:
997:
992:
984:
979:
971:
966:
958:
953:
948:, pp. 80–83.
945:
940:
931:
923:
918:
910:
905:
897:
896:Ste. Croix,
892:
884:
883:Ste. Croix,
879:
871:
866:
858:
853:
845:
840:
831:
822:
814:
809:
801:
800:Ste. Croix,
796:
788:
787:Ste. Croix,
773:Georg Busolt
768:
767:Ste. Croix,
763:
755:
750:
742:
726:
725:Ste. Croix,
710:
709:Ste. Croix,
705:
696:
687:
679:
674:
665:
656:
648:
643:
635:
630:
613:
605:Agesipolis I
602:
589:
579:
561:
549:
547:
531:
527:Agesipolis I
524:
500:
481:
461:
422:
405:Agesilaus II
402:
395:
379:
350:
315:
275:
255:
223:
195:
168:
138:
137:
95:Agesipolis I
81:After 380 BC
58:Agesipolis I
1925:Eudamidas I
1762:Leonidas II
1712:Pleistoanax
1682:Cleomenes I
1632:Agesilaus I
1617:Echestratus
1607:Eurysthenes
1581:Aristodemus
1388:Pleistoanax
1089:Cartledge,
1061:Powell 2017
1031:Cartledge,
1009:Cartledge,
996:Cartledge,
983:Cartledge,
957:Cartledge,
563:Geographica
423:The author
361:Corinthians
334:Thrasybulus
286:oligarchies
230:Pleistoanax
160:Pleistoanax
48:Pleistoanax
44:Predecessor
1991:Categories
1965:Machanidas
1855:Anaxidamus
1850:Zeuxidamus
1840:Theopompus
1820:Polydectes
1687:Leonidas I
1657:Eurycrates
1499:Lacedaemon
1278:1151065049
970:Hamilton,
944:Hamilton,
922:Hamilton,
909:Hamilton,
870:Hamilton,
844:Hamilton,
813:Hamilton,
622:References
586:Theopompus
371:Sacred Way
326:Theramenes
282:Aegean Sea
179:Aegean Sea
151:) was the
39:408–395 BC
37:445–426 BC
1976:Laconicus
1890:Demaratus
1880:Agasicles
1830:Charilaus
1791:Heraclids
1777:Eucleidas
1752:Acrotatus
1717:Pausanias
1662:Anaxander
1652:Polydorus
1637:Archelaus
1596:Heraclids
1560:Tisamenus
1534:Hippocoon
1529:Tyndareus
1368:0017-3916
1328:0004-6574
1316:Athenaeum
1128:cite book
1093:, p. 163.
1091:Agesilaos
1035:, p. 290.
1033:Agesilaos
1011:Agesilaos
998:Agesilaos
987:, p. 351.
985:Agesilaos
959:Agesilaos
900:, p. 145.
861:, p. 323.
791:, p. 144.
729:, p. 143.
713:, p. 153.
651:, p. 224.
576:Aristotle
503:Haliartus
468:Naupactus
148:Παυσανίας
139:Pausanias
112:Παυσανίας
54:Successor
22:Pausanias
1967:(regent)
1955:Lycurgus
1920:Agis III
1865:Anaxilas
1835:Nicander
1815:Prytanis
1757:Areus II
1647:Alcmenes
1642:Teleclus
1627:Doryssus
1588:(regent)
1550:Menelaus
1519:Perieres
1514:Cynortas
1455:Lelegids
1073:Unz 1986
1048:Roy 2009
974:, p. 86.
926:, p. 80.
874:, p. 81.
848:, p. 85.
817:, p. 79.
682:, p. 77.
581:Politics
572:Lycurgus
568:Augustus
464:Xenophon
449:Aetolian
441:Acroreia
413:Thessaly
398:Gerousia
386:Gylippus
382:Xenophon
366:ekklesia
288:and the
278:Lysander
238:Pericles
214:Lycurgus
164:Lysander
64:Co-ruler
1940:Agis IV
1905:Agis II
1885:Ariston
1825:Eunomus
1810:Eurypon
1800:Procles
1747:Areus I
1622:Labotas
1555:Orestes
1543:Atreids
1524:Oebalus
1509:Argalus
1504:Amyclas
1472:Eurotas
754:Kagan,
634:Kagan,
594:Agis IV
554:Thibron
507:Boeotia
492:Corinth
433:Arcadia
375:Dipylon
357:Thebans
346:navarch
342:Eleusis
338:Piraeus
322:Decelea
302:navarch
292:prince
290:Persian
191:Agis II
118:Dynasty
68:Agis II
1960:Pelops
1612:Agis I
1586:Theras
1448:Sparta
1366:
1345:
1326:
1307:
1290:
1276:
1255:
1216:
1199:
1178:
1164:
647:Rahe,
609:Delphi
558:Strabo
534:Sparta
515:Sparta
488:Thebes
457:Achaea
437:Lasion
353:ephors
251:Athena
247:ephors
234:Athens
198:Thebes
171:Athens
1971:Nabis
1467:Myles
1462:Lelex
1444:Kings
590:logos
550:logos
544:Exile
538:Tegea
496:Argos
445:Pylus
294:Cyrus
206:Tegea
153:Agiad
143:Greek
123:Agiad
109:Greek
87:Issue
34:Reign
1805:Soos
1672:Leon
1565:Dion
1364:ISSN
1343:ISBN
1324:ISSN
1305:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1274:OCLC
1253:ISBN
1229:——,
1222:——,
1214:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1186:Dike
1176:ISBN
1170:——,
1162:ISBN
1134:link
596:and
494:and
453:Dyme
409:Elis
359:and
212:and
78:Died
1446:of
560:'s
455:in
1993::
1360:27
1358:.
1337:,
1320:97
1318:.
1299:,
1240:,
1208:,
1156:,
1130:}}
1126:{{
1080:^
1040:^
780:^
734:^
718:^
618:.
611:.
540:.
529:.
517:.
505:,
490:,
411:,
377:.
166:.
145::
1436:e
1429:t
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1370:.
1330:.
1136:)
775:.
141:(
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