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forces retreated westwards towards
Qijiaojingzhen and the advancing White Russians. There were no serious battles between them. However, in one of the initial skirmishes in the village of Liao-tun, some 150 km east of Qijiaojingzhen, the White Russian forces seriously wounded Ma, while the White
317:
Even though the White
Russian forces gave significant contributions to Xinjiang's war efforts, they were irregularly paid and provided with the worst horses and ammunition. Pappengut and other White Russian officers approached the leaders of the National Salvation Army, and having been assured of
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and
Muslims were high. The fall of Ürümqi was seemingly eminent, but the arrival of some 300 White Russians changed the tide and the Dungan forces were driven back some 1 km northwestwards after two days of fighting.
314:. They arrived in Ürümqi on 27 March 1933 and strengthen the position of the provincial administration as well as of Sheng Shicai, who was their fellow Northeasterner. At the same time, Jin's authority was undermined.
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and even arrest of their women to force them to recruit. The Dungan forces reached the city defended by only 700 men on 21 February 1933. The city was closed and suffered food shortages, while tensions between the
278:, Xinjiang's Governor, responded by expanding Pappengut's White Russian force from 250 to 1,500 men. The White Russian emigrants had no other choice but to enlist since Jin threatened them with deportation to the
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sent additional reinforcement of some 2,000 experienced
Chinese soldiers forced by the Japanese across the Soviet border who were interned by the Soviets. These soldiers were known as the
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226:. There he commanded the White Russian forces, who were known to be the most competent military force in Xinjiang due to their experience. Pappengut fought against
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to help the besieged Ürümqi, forcing the Dungan insurgents to retreat to the countryside. The countryside fell to the hands of the insurgents and the
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and returned to China. His younger brother and military commander Jin Shu-hsin were captured and executed. Sheng, who was at the time in
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Russians had one dead and two wounded. As a result of that injury, a large portion of the Dungan forces retreated towards
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in 1931. In late
September or early October 1931, Pappengut commanded some 250 White Russians who headed the forces of
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their backing, mounted a coup against Jin on the night of 12 April. Jin escaped to the Soviet Union via
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in the northwest. The garrison in Kumul Old City was finally relieved on or around 1 November 1931.
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Warlords and
Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949
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and a large number of Turkic rebels, started advancing towards the provincial capital of
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Pappengut was executed in
December 1933 or January 1934 under the orders of
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238:moving from Ili towards the besieged garrison in
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553:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to China
334:took the position of Provincial Chairman.
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563:People executed by the Republic of China
538:Military personnel of the Russian Empire
266:. Soon, a full-scale revolt occurred in
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187:; 27 May 1894 – December 1933) was a
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63:December 1933/January 1934 (aged 39)
312:North-East National Salvation Army
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258:and his Dungan forces, joined by
548:White Russian emigrants to China
201:Turkestan Military Organization
558:Executed White movement people
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498:Forbes, Andrew D. W. (1986).
330:or Military Governor, while
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345:, Soviet Consul General in
218:, Pappengut settled in the
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302:uprising also occurred in
185:Па́вел Петро́вич Папенгут
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173:Pavel Petrovich Pappengut
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20:Pavel Petrovich Pappengut
467:, p. 104–105.
210:After the defeat of the
254:In the winter of 1932,
195:, later officer of the
160:Second Battle of Ürümqi
39:Павел Петрович Папенгут
155:First Battle of Ürümqi
203:, comrade-in-arms of
117:Years of service
197:White Russian forces
222:region in northern
543:Orenburg Cossacks
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228:Ma Zhongying
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133:Battles/wars
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411:Forbes 1986
399:Forbes 1986
387:Forbes 1986
372:Forbes 1986
332:Liu Wenlong
285:Han Chinese
140:World War I
55:27 May 1894
35:Native name
522:Categories
486:References
304:Shara Sume
276:Jin Shuren
256:Ma Shiming
76:Allegiance
51:1894-05-27
353:Footnotes
320:Chuguchak
260:Ma Fuming
224:Xinjiang
177:Papengut
107:Service/
98:Xinjiang
70:Xinjiang
214:in the
191:of the
189:colonel
181:Russian
128:Colonel
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347:Ürümqi
300:Kazakh
296:Turpan
272:Khotan
264:Ürümqi
244:Dungan
175:(also
109:branch
89:(1917)
66:Ürümqi
491:Books
328:Duban
324:Uruba
268:Kucha
249:Gansu
240:Kumul
504:ISBN
270:and
125:Rank
112:Army
60:Died
45:Born
230:in
220:Ili
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49:(
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