633:
694:) regional party committee, a drastic demotion that was supposedly his chance to "correct his errors". He was accused of having an "un-Bolshevik style of work", and of allowing Trotskyists to flourish in the Kyiv party organisation. With Postyshev in charge, Kuibyshev "was purged of 'enemies' with a savagery unexampled even in other regions. Postyshev ... changed many of the sentences sent to him for his signature, requiring death where the procurator and investigator thought eight or ten years in confinement were sufficient". He had 3,300 party members expelled and 35 out of 65 district party committees disbanded. In one district, 64 out of 200 Communist Party members were expelled.
508:
758:, but survived and had his conviction overturned in 1955 and became a prominent economist. Vladimir (born 1922) was 15 or 16 years old when he was arrested, on 22 August 1938. In 1939, he was sentenced to five years in the gulag, as a "socially dangerous person". After he had completed that term, he was rearrested and sentenced to a further ten years. There is a story that when the two surviving brothers met, when their father was being "rehabilitated" in 1955, they did not recognise each other. Vladimir, then in his 30s, died soon afterwards.
702:, who feared that Postyshev's repression might affect him. In prison, Postyshev 'confessed' to having been a spy for Japan since 1920, and to having been part of a 'counter-revolutionary Right-Trotskyist organisation' operating in Ukraine since 1934. The NKVD officer who interrogated him, K.I.Tserpento, later admitted that Postyshev's 'confession' was written by his interrogators and handed to him to sign. Until he saw the document, he did not know what he was expected to confess to.
342:
548:, he "functioned as Stalin's direct emissary, a kind of governor-general of Ukraine". Postyshev criticized the Ukrainian Communists for their "lack of Bolshevik vigilance" in Stalin's systematic enforcement of increased grain quotas. His party activists conducted a brutal campaign through farms and homes, searching for suspected hiding places and confiscating every bit of grain, with disregard for the starvation they encountered. Millions died in the
751:
1935, a
Communist named M. Garin, whose wife had been expelled from the party at Postolovskaya's instigation, wrote to Stalin complaining that she "is not distinguished either for her intellect or her experience" but exercised "unlimited authority" because she was married to Postyshev. She was expelled from the Communist Party early in 1937. She was arrested on the same day as her husband, and shot on 26 August 1938.
668:, or 'Yezhovschina', accused him of persecuting innocent Communist Party members in Kyiv, without giving details. In November, Stalin took up the case of a woman named Nikolayenko, whom Postyshev had had expelled from the Kyiv party for making a series of malicious denunciations. She was reinstated, though she was denounced years later, after Stalin's death, as "one of the worst slanderers."
598:, Postyshev forced the sacking of 237 secretaries of district party committees and 249 chairmen of district executive committees. Almost 100,000 members were expelled during his first year in Ukraine and a further 168,000 through 1938. Postyshev wrote in his report that the majority were exiled or shot. The highest ranking were paraded through elaborate show trials.
687:' to the 20th Party congress in 1956, he said that during the same plenum, Postyshev protested about the recent arrest of a Ukraine-based Communist official named Karpov, whom he said had been wrongly accused of being a Trotskyite. In a sharp exchange, Stalin demanded "What are you, actually?" and Postyshev replied: "I am a Bolshevik, comrade Stalin, a Bolshevik".
40:
1610:
1807:
1822:
1817:
1812:
523:
complained that "we have nothing left to winnow or thresh", Postyshev sacked him on the spot. On 12 June, the territorial party committee stated that, without
Postyshev's help, it would not have met its grain procurement target. The arrests and food shortages caused the population in the territory to
750:
Postyshev's second wife, Tatiana
Semyonovna Postolovskaya (1899–1938) was also an Old Bolshevik and a high ranking Communist Party official. In 1934, she was appointed Secretary of the Party committee of the All-Ukrainian Association of Scientific-Research Marxist–Leninist Institutes. In February
532:
On 18 September 1932, Postyshev sent a telegram to the
Ukrainian party leadership ordering them to meet their quota for exporting grain, in spite of warnings that forced collectivisation was causing mass starvation. This was the first piece of evidence cited by the Kyiv Court of Appeal in finding
555:
During his first tour of the
Ukrainian countryside, Postyshev took his 18-year-old son Valentin with him. The youth was so distressed by the spectacle of starvation that his father assembled the family when they returned home and ordered them all not to conduct anti-Party conversations at home.
1802:
659:
But in
January 1937 he was removed from his post as First Secretary of the Kyiv party organisation, while retaining his other positions. He had purged the party organisation with his normal ruthlessness, but had acquired powerful enemies who accused him of purging good communists while leaving
613:
In
February 1934, Postyshev was elected a candidate member of the Politburo. In 1934–37, after the Ukrainian capital had been moved from Kharkov to Kyiv, he was First Secretary of the Kyiv Party Committee. In this role, he oversaw the "socialist reconstruction" of the city, which involved the
1797:
1792:
578:
This was the start of a purge of such "nests of nationalist counter-revolutionaries" targeting the commissariats of education, agriculture, and legal workers, not to mention newspapers, journals, encyclopedias and film studios, during which over 15,000 officials were eliminated on charges of
697:
In
January 1938, Postyshev was hauled in front of the Central Committee and accused, for a second time, of persecuting innocent communists. He justified himself on the grounds that "the soviet and party leaderships were in enemy hands, from the regional leadership at the top to the district
563:
in schools, and the teaching of
Ukrainian history and language in universities. Early efforts by the Bolsheviks encouraging regional autonomy and supporting minority groups were intended to monopolize their support among said groups, and to undermine the burgeoning efforts of anti-Communist
1827:
742:
organisation. He reputedly came to copy his father's example for ruthlessness. He was arrested on the same day as his father, 21 February 1938. According to one source, he was shot on 26 August 1938, when he was aged 23, though it has also been reported that he was in a labour camp in
1787:
601:
As the purges progressed after 1933, affecting millions throughout the Soviet Union, Postyshev's crackdown spread beyond perceived "Ukrainianizers," "nationalists," and opponents of collectivization. Eventually it came to include the liquidation of entire classes, such as
1601:
213:
191:
725:, were sent to take over Postyshev's post in Ukraine. Khrushchev had to be appointed by Moscow; he could not be elected because, after Postyshev's removal, the entire Central Committee of the CP(b)U "had been purged spotless", according to Khrushchev.
733:
Postyshev wed his first wife
Anastasia Konovalova in Siberia. Together they had his first son, Valentin (1916–1938). Valentin, who had initially been so distressed by the plight of the Ukrainian peasants, later enrolled at an aviation school in
1594:
632:
1587:
474:
In July 1930, Postyshev was transferred to Moscow, as the Secretary of the Central Committee, in charge of propaganda and organization. This was a time of upheaval in the countryside across the Soviet Union, as
1832:
62:
1837:
468:
148:
464:
1352:"Записка Р.А. Руденко в ЦК КПСС о реабилитации П.П. Постышева. 19 мая 1955 г. (Note by R.A.Rudenko to the Central Committee of the CPSU on the rehabilitation of P.P.Postyshev. 19 May, 1955)"
235:
496:, complained in November 1930 that "everything is decided behind the back of the Politburo by a tiny group", which, he said, included Postyshev, while nominally more senior figures such as
58:
770:
was briefly (1934–1938) named Postyshevo (or Postysheve, as rendered in Ukrainian) after him. The name of the city was changed following his removal from power and subsequent execution.
1847:
1777:
216:
679:, who had led the opposition to collectivisation, Postyshev continually jeered at them as they tried to defend themselves and voted for both men to be arrested and shot. But when
489:
194:
1857:
579:"nationalism", and thousands of authors, scholars, philosophers, artists, musicians and editors were exiled to labour camps, executed, or simply disappeared. The writer
54:
144:
684:
926:
519:
In December 1932, he was dispatched to the Lower Volga region, where there were particular difficulties enforcing grain collection. When a district official in
302:
485:
published a signed article by Postyshev castigating party officials in Ukraine who complained that collectivisation was being driven ahead too quickly.
698:
leadership at the bottom." He was removed from his post in Kuibyshev, and was arrested on February 21, 1938. His arrest came after he was denounced by
1852:
330:
66:
1862:
460:
421:
1552:
1059:
1000:
949:
316:
341:
606:, priests, people who had been members of anti-Bolshevik armies, and even ethnic Ukrainians who had travelled abroad or immigrated from
374:
325:
1772:
648:
At the start of the Great Purge, Postyshev appeared to be well placed to survive and benefit from it. Defendants at the first of the
567:
The university courses were closed down in January 1933, and in June, Postyshev accused the Ukraine People's Commissar for Education
1190:
1151:
895:
816:
798:
540:
On 24 January 1933, Postyshev was appointed Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukraine CP, and first secretary of the
101:
1155:
463:, or CP(b)U. Between 1926 and 1930 he was a member of the Politburo and Organizational Bureau of Ukraine's Communist Party. At the
533:
Postyshev posthumously guilty of genocide. Later that month, he was sent back to Ukraine to enforce grain collection, starting in
1867:
428:
faction, and worked fulltime, illegally, as a party organiser. Arrested on 24 April (old style) 1908, he spent four years in
1842:
507:
1579:
652:
in August 1936 were made to confess to having planned to assassinate eight leading communists, including Stalin, the late
366:
273:
1767:
838:
1322:
1625:
493:
393:
591:
avoided arrest by committing suicide. Many others avoided being denounced by working according to Moscow dictates.
690:
On 17 March 1937, Postyshev was removed from his post in Ukraine, and appointed First Secretary of the Kuibyshev (
1387:
607:
444:. In 1923, he was transferred to Ukraine to supervise the organization of the Communist Party committee in the
124:
1782:
1574:
774:
429:
389:
1238:"Special Report to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, (February 24–25, 1956)"
836:Постанова Апеляційного суду м. Києві від 10 січня 2010 року по кримінальній справі № 1-33/2010
534:
136:
1808:
Candidates of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1762:
1757:
1356:Реабилитация: как ето было, документы президиума ЦК КПСС и другие материалы, март 1953 – февраль 1956
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559:
Before Postyshev's return, the Communist Party had encouraged, or at least permitted, the use of the
520:
441:
413:
1570:
1237:
575:
swine" to gain control – "and you often defended them". Skrypnyk committed suicide soon afterwards.
1823:
Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1818:
Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1813:
Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1665:
545:
512:
754:
They had two more sons. Leonid (1920–2008) was arrested in 1939 and sentenced to ten years in the
625:
on December 28, 1935, called for the installation of New Year trees in schools, children's homes,
1660:
1655:
1630:
920:
718:
560:
497:
437:
1711:
1041:
440:, he played a major role in bringing Irkutsk under Bolshevik control, and then in creating the
1803:
Candidates of the Politburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1736:
1701:
1548:
1468:
1186:
1147:
1055:
996:
945:
891:
812:
794:
767:
714:
710:
680:
584:
183:
89:
1798:
Members of the Secretariat of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1793:
Members of the Secretariat of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1051:
965:
544:
city and Kharkiv Oblast Party organizations. Though nominally junior to the First Secretary,
1650:
1635:
1047:
672:
671:
At the critical plenum of the Central Committee in February 1937, which decided the fate of
445:
358:
1828:
Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) members
1518:
1413:
1696:
1675:
1640:
842:
804:
626:
588:
580:
568:
501:
1788:
Members of the Orgburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1493:
1731:
1721:
722:
706:
661:
572:
433:
282:
171:
1168:
Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre
660:
suspected oppositionists in position. During a Central Committee plenum in June 1936,
1751:
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861:
691:
649:
618:
476:
456:
378:
479:
forced through a policy of driving the peasants onto collective farms. In May 1930,
1726:
1645:
676:
653:
370:
306:
488:
In Moscow, he was part of the inner leadership, despite not being a member of the
835:
1716:
1680:
1183:
The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939
699:
665:
636:
595:
382:
888:
The Socialist Offensive, The Collectivisation of Soviet Agriculture, 1929–1930
320:
1330:
1040:
Smith, S.A. (2002). "Civil war and the foundation of the Bolshevik regime".
549:
450:
425:
397:
614:
destruction of churches and monuments, and Orthodox and Jewish cemeteries.
39:
1170:. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR. 1936. p. 38.
1144:
Life Has Become More Joyous, Comrades: Celebrations in the Time of Stalin
739:
639:
letter to Zhdanov: "Postyshev searches enemies not where they really are"
417:
541:
409:
278:
238:
459:. In 1925, Postyshev became secretary of the Central Committee of the
744:
594:
The Ukrainian Communist Party was also targeted. In a prelude to the
481:
298:
621:
tradition in the Soviet Union. A letter from Postyshev published in
755:
747:
and was sentenced to death there, for refusing to work, and shot.
735:
603:
506:
1351:
1583:
1611:
17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1278:
Let History Judge, The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism
862:"Постышев Павел Петрович 1887–1939 Биографический указатель"
465:
15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
942:
The House of Government, A Saga of the Russian Revolution
571:
of "wrecking" the schools and universities by allowing "
1833:
Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
1096:
1094:
1092:
629:, children's clubs, children's theaters, and cinemas.
1210:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. pp. 227–30.
811:, 1st edition, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
369:
6 September] 1887 – 26 February 1939) was a
1838:
First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
1689:
1618:
467:, in December 1927, he was elected a member of the
336:
312:
288:
264:
259:
233:
211:
189:
177:
165:
142:
130:
118:
95:
83:
53:
21:
492:. The chairman of the Russian federal government,
1545:Alternate names of places: a worldwide dictionary
1118:Magocsi (1996), p 567, Subtelny (1988), p 420–21.
1109:Magocsi (1996), p 567–68, Subtelny (1988), p 419.
1043:The Russian Revolution: A Very Short Introduction
845:// Єдиний державний реєстр судових рішень України
738:, where he was appointed secretary of the school
388:In 2010, a court in Kyiv refused to posthumously
377:official and party publicist. He was a member of
16:Soviet politician and party official (1887–1939)
1376:Magocsi (1996), p. 570, Subtelny (1998), p 420.
972:. Ukraine Court of Appeal Kyiv. 16 October 2019
944:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P. p. 427.
1848:Military personnel of the Far Eastern Republic
1778:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
890:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U.P. p. 322.
664:, whose name would become synonymous with the
381:'s inner circle, before falling victim to the
1595:
400:, mass famine in Ukraine in the early 1930s.
8:
587:were among those arrested, while the writer
1358:. Международный фонд "демократияя" (Moscow)
709:on 21 February 1939 and buried in Moscow's
207:10 February 1934 – 14 January 1938
1602:
1588:
1580:
1185:. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. 229, 238.
966:"Resolution of the court, 13 January 2010"
925:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
38:
18:
1858:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
1181:J. Arch Getty, and Oleg V.Naumov (1999).
855:
853:
851:
114:13 November 1924 – November 1926
793:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
631:
524:fall by about a million over 18 months.
251:13 July 1930 – 10 February 1934
229:13 July 1930 – 10 February 1934
828:
79:10 June 1934 – 16 January 1937
1547:. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co.
1052:10.1093/actrade/9780192853950.003.0003
918:
461:Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine
422:Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party
1280:. Nottingham: Spokesman. p. 406.
145:Organizational-Instruction Department
7:
617:Postyshev is known for reviving the
392:Postyshev, citing his complicity in
65:and Kyiv District Committee) of the
993:Red Famine, Stalin's War on Ukraine
396:because of his part in causing the
1146:, Indiana University Press, 2000,
14:
1469:"Постоловская, Татьяна Семеновна"
1853:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
995:. London: Penguin. p. 213.
913:Сталинское Политбюро в 30-е годы
424:from 1904, and later joined the
340:
1863:Great Purge victims from Russia
432:, and then was deported to the
420:weaver. He was a member of the
860:Rumyantsev, Vyacheslav (ed.).
1:
1519:"Постышев, Владимир Павлович"
1414:"Постышев, Валентин Павлович"
911:Khlevniuk, Oleg, ed. (1995).
583:and the "national communist"
161:1932 – January 1933
63:Kyiv Gubernatorial Committee
1494:"Постышев, Леонид Павлович"
1884:
1388:"Лившиц Ефим Вениаминович"
915:. Moscow. pp. 99–106.
363:Па́вел Петро́вич По́стышев
331:Communist Party of Ukraine
276:6 September] 1887
67:Communist Party of Ukraine
1773:People from Shuysky Uyezd
1206:Conquest, Robert (1971).
365:; 18 September [
362:
355:Pavel Petrovich Postyshev
348:
269:Pavel Petrovich Postyshev
255:
244:
222:
200:
154:
107:
72:
49:
37:
28:
1225:. pp. 395–403, 412.
991:Applebaum, Anne (2018).
511:Postyshev speaks at the
190:Candidate member of the
125:Lavrentiy Kartvelishvili
29:
1575:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1455:The House of Government
1323:"Несгибаемый большевик"
1293:The House of Government
1100:Subtelny (1988), p 419.
1027:The House of Government
1015:Subtelny (1988), p 414.
940:Slezkine, Yuri (2019).
430:Vladimir Central Prison
326:Russian Communist Party
272:18 September [
59:Kyiv Regional Committee
1868:Soviet rehabilitations
1276:Medvedev, Roy (1976).
705:Postyshev was shot in
640:
516:
408:Postyshev was born in
373:politician, state and
1843:Genocide perpetrators
1666:Grigory Ordzhonikidze
1543:Room, Adrian (2009).
886:Davies, R.W. (1980).
635:
627:Young Pioneer Palaces
528:Role in the Holodomor
510:
1236:Khrushchev, Nikita.
791:A History of Ukraine
787:Magocsi, Paul Robert
442:Far Eastern Republic
414:Vladimir Governorate
1768:People from Ivanovo
1442:. pp. 225–226.
1438:Getty, and Naumov.
1310:. pp. 499–512.
1306:Getty, and Naumov.
1221:Getty, and Naumov.
515:on 5 September 1931
513:House of the Unions
436:region. During the
416:to the family of a
234:Full member of the
212:Full member of the
1661:Vyacheslav Molotov
1656:Valerian Kuybyshev
1631:Kliment Voroshilov
1457:. pp. 807–08.
1440:The Road to Terror
1308:The Road to Terror
1223:The Road to Terror
1156:Google Print, p.85
1085:. pp. 218–19.
1046:. pp. 40–71.
841:2015-05-22 at the
809:Ukraine: A History
719:Vyacheslav Molotov
650:Moscow Show Trials
641:
561:Ukrainian language
517:
498:Kliment Voroshilov
438:October Revolution
410:Ivanovo-Voznesensk
102:Sergey Kudryavtsev
1745:
1744:
1737:Nikita Khrushchev
1702:Grigory Petrovsky
1690:Candidate members
1554:978-0-7864-3712-2
1523:Бессмертный барак
1498:Бессмертный барак
1473:Бессмертный барак
1418:Бессмертный барак
1321:Валерий ЕРОФЕЕВ.
1061:978-0-19-285395-0
1002:978-0-141-97828-4
951:978-0-69119-272-7
715:Nikita Khrushchev
711:Donskoye Cemetery
681:Nikita Khrushchev
656:, and Postyshev.
585:Oleksandr Shumsky
550:famine of 1932–33
469:Central Committee
352:
351:
184:Vladimir Polonsky
149:Central Committee
137:Fyodor Kornyushin
90:Nikolai Demchenko
44:Postyshev in 1935
1875:
1651:Stanislav Kosior
1636:Lazar Kaganovich
1604:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1571:Postyshev, Pavel
1559:
1558:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
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1365:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1329:. Archived from
1327:Волжская коммуна
1318:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1263:The Great Terror
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:The Great Terror
1203:
1197:
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1134:
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970:Holodomor Museum
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874:
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857:
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777:on 1 June 1955.
673:Nikolai Bukharin
546:Stanisław Kosior
446:Kiev Governorate
364:
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295:
292:26 February 1939
260:Personal details
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32:
19:
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1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
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1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1712:Jānis Rudzutaks
1707:Pavel Postyshev
1697:Anastas Mikoyan
1685:
1676:Anastas Mikoyan
1641:Mikhail Kalinin
1626:Andrey Andreyev
1614:
1608:
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1619:Full members
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1497:
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1472:
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1417:
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1394:(in Russian)
1391:
1386:Koifman, G.
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1355:
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1331:the original
1326:
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766:The city of
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390:rehabilitate
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307:Soviet Union
303:Russian SFSR
294:(1939-02-26)
246:
224:
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179:Succeeded by
156:
143:Head of the
132:Succeeded by
109:
97:Succeeded by
74:
1763:1939 deaths
1758:1887 births
1717:Vlas Chubar
1681:Vlas Chubar
1613:(1934–1939)
1128:Applebaum.
1081:Applebaum.
700:Lev Mekhlis
666:Great Purge
637:Lev Mekhlis
596:Great Purge
455:in central
383:Great Purge
217:Secretariat
167:Preceded by
120:Preceded by
85:Preceded by
1752:Categories
1453:Slezkine.
1362:22 January
1337:2013-04-06
1291:Slezkine.
1261:Conquest.
1130:Red Famine
1083:Red Famine
1067:2023-12-29
1025:Slezkine.
824:References
573:Petliurite
394:"genocide"
321:Bolsheviks
921:cite book
490:Politburo
451:guberniya
426:Bolshevik
398:Holodomor
337:Signature
247:In office
225:In office
203:In office
195:Politburo
157:In office
110:In office
75:In office
839:Archived
807:(1988).
789:(1996).
768:Pokrovsk
740:Komsomol
644:Downfall
521:Balashov
1398:6 March
866:Khronos
781:Sources
608:Galicia
542:Kharkiv
457:Ukraine
434:Irkutsk
418:Russian
359:Russian
279:Ivanovo
239:Orgburo
147:of the
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745:Kolyma
729:Family
692:Samara
623:Pravda
604:kulaks
482:Pravda
371:Soviet
299:Moscow
1528:6 May
1503:6 May
1478:6 May
1423:6 May
1246:5 May
1241:(PDF)
976:3 May
871:7 May
756:gulag
736:Yeysk
317:RSDLP
1549:ISBN
1530:2021
1505:2021
1480:2021
1425:2021
1400:2024
1364:2023
1248:2021
1187:ISBN
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978:2021
946:ISBN
927:link
892:ISBN
873:2021
813:ISBN
795:ISBN
721:and
675:and
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367:O.S.
289:Died
274:O.S.
265:Born
236:16th
214:17th
192:17th
1048:doi
412:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
