51:
the equipment and facilities. The external equipment supplier is then paid a fixed price for every product item which is assembled or produced on their equipment. The general idea of PoP is similar to using a rented car. The car is always owned and maintained by the car rental company but used or driven by the customer. The customer pays the car rental company for using the car, e.g. per every driven kilometre. However, in the assembly line case the contract is not just for a few days, rather both partners plan to keep the agreement for as long as the product is produced on the equipment, though it can be terminated before this. It means PoP is not therefore so much a production system, more of a financial model.
67:
years old, is laid out in such a way that many new production developments just can't be introduced. For example, component suppliers can't deliver straight to the assembly line nor is there room for more flexible U-shaped assembly areas. Parts have to be delivered to a separate âsupermarketâ type warehouse where kits of required parts are boxed and made up for use on the lines. For the
Cologne factory the main assembly lines and some of the cells, for example where engines are fitted to the body, are owned and maintained by several equipment suppliers.
1058:
42:) doesn't invest in the production equipment for parts or components but instead procures these parts from a supplier who organises production on his equipment. An example from vehicle manufacturing might be the assembly of wheels and tyres. The OEM might decide not to invest in a wheel assembly line but instead obtain from a supplier or logistics service provider delivery of these items
401:
1068:
46:
as these are needed at the OEM's assembly line: sometimes five with steel rim followed by four with light-alloy rim and a compact spare tire and so on. This is a longstanding and common methodology where the production and supply of many items and services are outsourced to other providers, typically
90:
Most of the costs incurred by the OEM in PoP are variable costs such as labour and materials, though there is also in this case an additional variable cost for the equipment for every car produced. The fixed cost of the production equipment is borne the external equipment suppliers. For the OEM it
86:
Within the beginning of the 21st century, the Ford Motor
Company's goal was to focus and concentrate on designing new cars. There were no surplus funds available for investment in the modern manufacturing equipment needed at the Cologne plant. Indeed, for the equipment suppliers their participation
50:
With PoP one important thing is different. The very equipment on which the OEM produces or assembles the final product, in the OEM factory, is supplied by, but still remains owned by, and is also maintained by, the equipment supplier. But it is still the OEM's personnel who assemble the products on
106:
companies, they are not always able to easily obtain sufficient investment capital, nor are they able to receive money from global financial markets. However the assembly lines and cells can't be sold or built without the supplier's permission and, most importantly, the equipment supplier, who has
66:
assembly line in 2002, and was soon recognised as the most productive in the world measured by working hours used to assemble a car. The new Fiesta was started on this line at 2008 and the high productivity remained (i.e. til 2010). This is despite the
Cologne factory, because the buildings are 90
114:
Because the use of the practice by Ford in
Cologne was so successful its use and adoption was tried at other Ford assembly plants. Perhaps not unsurprisingly, Ford has not been successful in their attempts to expand this Ford Cologne-based system elsewhere.
203:
In: Meier, Horst (Hrsg.): Dienstleistungsorientierte Geschäftsmodelle im
Maschinen- und Anlagenbau : vom Basisangebot bis zum Betreibermodell. Berlin: Springer, 2004. -
154:
In: Meier, Horst (Ed.): Dienstleistungsorientierte Geschäftsmodelle im
Maschinen- und Anlagenbau : vom Basisangebot bis zum Betreibermodell. Berlin: Springer, 2004. -
111:(continuous improvement process) both in the equipment maintenance and collaborative future line design improvements. CIP improvements in production stay with the OEM
91:
means that PoP allows it to run its own production, but without incurring the high fixed capital cost of the equipment, and of course this cost is absent from any
1043:
251:
1092:
47:
to obtain better cost, quality and delivery performance than can be achieved in house, and also enable the OEM to better focus on core activities.
926:
509:
980:
208:
159:
962:
733:
244:
220:
Rechtin, Mark: Ford dumps pay-on-production plan : Tool suppliers balk at hefty expense. In: Automotive News (2002-09-30),
27:
499:
422:
1023:
789:
617:
108:
1071:
141:
Pay-on-Production-Modelle : ein neuer Weg zur
Cashflow-basierten Finanzierung von Fertigungs- und Transportsystemen.
102:
For the equipment supplier bearing the equipment capital cost can often be a financial problem, because, where these are
447:
383:
103:
1061:
555:
237:
221:
993:
869:
597:
545:
942:
918:
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814:
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472:
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23:
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602:
437:
351:
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830:
367:
319:
741:
343:
260:
107:
continuous contact with the lines and cells, is much closer to its customers so enabling ongoing
55:
819:
677:
530:
204:
155:
99:. Also with PoP much of the OEM's entrepreneurial risks are passed to the equipment supplier.
947:
897:
698:
494:
375:
95:
balance sheet, not even included as a footnote, nor is it factor in assessment by financial
43:
187:
133:
570:
487:
96:
1017:
607:
540:
457:
432:
1086:
1010:
999:
311:
952:
749:
690:
669:
612:
525:
482:
467:
427:
30:(OEM) per piece produced on the supplier's own equipment by the OEM's employees.
682:
565:
477:
452:
442:
288:
63:
201:
Pay on
Production : langfristige Partnerschaft mit Verantwortungstransfer.
152:
Pay on
Production : langfristige Partnerschaft mit Verantwortungstransfer.
38:
Most build-operate-transfer systems work in a way that the final manufacturer (
1004:
902:
847:
757:
725:
627:
582:
550:
504:
400:
1033:
577:
535:
462:
773:
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622:
335:
184:
130:
Berichte aus dem Weltwirtschaftlichen Colloquium der Universität Bremen
92:
59:
852:
781:
765:
359:
229:
327:
233:
39:
26:(BOT) model, where payment is made to a supplier by the
973:
935:
883:
805:
710:
649:
640:
518:
415:
408:
304:
276:
267:
1044:United States Council for Automotive Research
245:
8:
54:This concept was established by the German
646:
412:
273:
252:
238:
230:
171:
180:Financing of Pay-on-Production-Models.
126:Financing of Pay-on-Production-Models.
87:in PoP was the only option available.
178:Decker, Christian; Paesler, Stephan:
139:Decker, Christian; Paesler, Stephan:
124:Decker, Christian; Paesler, Stephan:
7:
1067:
14:
1066:
1057:
1056:
734:Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation
399:
28:original equipment manufacturer
423:Automotive Components Holdings
1:
147:35(2003), p. 1831â1837.
182:In: Knorr, Andreas et al.:
128:In: Knorr, Andreas et al.:
1109:
994:Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co.
657:AutoAlliance International
598:Special Vehicle Operations
1052:
766:Getrag Ford Transmissions
397:
943:M-Sport World Rally Team
826:Michigan Central Station
593:Premier Automotive Group
224:, checked at 2010-01-29.
136:, checked at 2011-01-31.
987:Dodge v. Ford Motor Co.
820:Detroit Corktown campus
588:New Holland Agriculture
190:, checked at 2011-01-31
1093:Buildâoperateâtransfer
71:History and Background
24:build-operate-transfer
911:William Clay Ford Jr.
665:AutoAlliance Thailand
914:(Executive Chairman)
603:Special Vehicle Team
428:Changan Ford (China)
831:Roosevelt Warehouse
199:Mast, Wolfgang F.:
150:Mast, Wolfgang F.:
22:(PoP) is a special
815:World Headquarters
742:Changan Ford Mazda
729:(Argentina/Brazil)
641:Joint ventures and
261:Ford Motor Company
56:Ford Motor Company
1080:
1079:
1039:Pay on production
801:
800:
636:
635:
561:Hertz Corporation
395:
394:
20:Pay on production
1100:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1059:
958:World Rally Team
923:
915:
907:
794:
786:
778:
770:
762:
754:
746:
738:
730:
722:
703:
699:Jiangling Motors
695:
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145:Betriebs Berater
83:
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44:just in sequence
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931:
927:List of leaders
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865:Proving grounds
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797:
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728:
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659:
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571:Daimler Company
514:
510:Southern Africa
404:
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97:rating agencies
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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1036:
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1029:Kinetic Design
1026:
1021:
1018:Ford v Ferrari
1014:
1007:
1002:
997:
990:
983:
977:
975:
974:Related topics
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806:Facilities and
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785:(South Africa)
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541:Ford Aerospace
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488:United Kingdom
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162:p. 15-29.
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72:
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35:
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16:Payment method
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1019:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1011:The Ford Show
1008:
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988:
984:
982:
979:
978:
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904:
901:
899:
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894:
891:
890:
888:
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882:
876:
873:
871:
870:Transmissions
868:
866:
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851:
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643:shareholdings
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629:
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621:
619:
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217:
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210:
209:3-540-40816-9
206:
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196:
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172:
166:
161:
160:3-540-40816-9
157:
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52:
48:
45:
41:
33:
31:
29:
25:
21:
1038:
1016:
1009:
992:
985:
936:Racing teams
750:Ford Sollers
691:Ford Vietnam
670:Changan Ford
526:Aston Martin
409:Subsidiaries
305:Discontinued
216:
200:
195:
188:Online (PDF)
186:92(2004)11,
183:
179:
174:
151:
144:
140:
134:Online (PDF)
132:92(2004)11,
129:
125:
113:
101:
89:
85:
53:
49:
37:
19:
18:
948:Performance
898:Ford Family
822:properties
683:Ford Otosan
678:Ford Lio Ho
500:Philippines
495:New Zealand
355:(1938â2011)
320:Continental
211:. P. 15-29.
34:Description
1005:Ford Field
1000:Fordlândia
919:Jim Farley
903:Henry Ford
848:Motorcraft
758:Ford Union
726:AutoLatina
583:Land Rover
556:Ford Japan
551:Ford India
505:Quick Lane
268:Divisions/
167:References
119:Literature
981:Big Three
906:(Founder)
893:Designers
860:Platforms
843:Factories
761:(Belarus)
438:Argentina
433:Australia
387:(1939â65)
379:(1946â61)
371:(1949â76)
363:(1985â89)
344:Frontenac
339:(1917â64)
331:(1956â59)
323:(1956â59)
315:(1960â61)
1087:Category
1062:Category
1034:New Edge
963:Munchi's
875:Vehicles
808:products
793:(Brazil)
777:(France)
753:(Russia)
578:Kwik-Fit
536:Cosworth
62:for the
1072:Commons
1024:History
953:Team RS
838:Engines
790:Troller
774:Matford
745:(China)
737:(49.9%)
718:Argo AI
650:Current
623:Visteon
618:Troller
531:Chariot
483:Romania
473:Ireland
468:Germany
416:Current
376:Monarch
352:Mercury
336:Fordson
296:Lincoln
277:Current
270:marques
93:US GAAP
60:Cologne
885:People
853:Mercon
782:Samcor
711:Former
566:Jaguar
519:Former
478:Italia
463:France
458:Europe
453:Credit
448:Canada
443:Brazil
384:Thames
368:Meteor
360:Merkur
347:(1960)
289:Raptor
222:Online
207:
158:
75:": -->
64:Fiesta
922:(CEO)
769:(50%)
721:(42%)
702:(32%)
694:(60%)
686:(41%)
673:(50%)
660:(50%)
628:Volvo
613:Th!nk
328:Edsel
312:Comet
608:Spin
284:Ford
205:ISBN
156:ISBN
143:In:
77:edit
546:FPV
109:CIP
104:SME
58:in
40:OEM
1089::
253:e
246:t
239:v
81:]
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