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The text was adopted in four copies, two in French and two in Dutch. The
Utrecht delegate Nederhorst initially refused to put down his signature and seal, but after being forced to do so by his province, he put them on 30 April (although they no longer fit neatly on the document). On 15 May 1648, the
550:
The States-General of the Dutch
Republic were formally recognised by Spain as a sovereign entity. This important concession by Spain was therefore the first point. Spain stopped regarding the Republic's inhabitants as rebellious Spanish subjects (which it had done for nearly a century). Peace seemed
286:
was taken as the foundation, and this made it a lot easier to formulate the peace treaty, because many articles could be copied without too many changes. If one compares the texts of the Twelve Years' Truce of 1609 to the Peace of Münster of 1648, the articles that correspond in whole or in part are
254:
On 30 January 1648, the parties reached agreement and the text sent to the Hague and Madrid for approval. As an immediate consequence of the signing of the treaty, on 4 February the ambassadors of both countries agreed to and signed on to a particular item on the navigation and trade between the two
273:
Despite achieving independence, there was considerable opposition to the Treaty within the States
General since it allowed Spain to retain the Southern Provinces and permitted religious toleration for Catholics. Support from the powerful province of Holland meant it was narrowly approved but these
210:
died. Bicker, Adriaan Pauw and the inner power circle of the States of
Holland advocated a drastic reduction in Dutch forces. In July 1647, the Spanish government made a proposal aimed at making Amsterdam the staple market for Spanish silver. In October the States General decided to authorize the
122:
began to flourish. Dutch merchants, benefiting from both the availability of relatively cheap shipping and the cessation of hostilities, soon dominated the markets that had been previously dominated by
English traders. Dutch merchants would also benefit from the foreign upheavals of the
563:
in The Hague keeps two copies of the Peace of Münster, a Dutch-language one ("NL-HaNA 1.01.02 12588.55B"), and a
Francophone version ("NL-HaNA 1.01.02 12588.55C"). Both versions are provided by the Spanish side with French-language ratifications, both signed by King
130:
While Spain did not recognise the Dutch
Republic, it agreed that the Lords States General of the United Netherlands was 'sovereign' and could participate in the peace talks. On the Dutch side this was a result of the immense political pressure from the entire
551:
near. France, with which the
Republic had agreed to come to a joint treaty with Spain, threw a spanner in the works by constantly coming up with new demands. The States then decided to conclude a separate peace with Spain without France.
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234:
and Jan van
Mathenesse (Holland), Barthold van Gent (Gelderland), Johan de Knuyt (Zeeland) and Godert van Reede (Utrecht). The negotiations were held in what is now the Haus der Niederlande in Münster.
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1127:
258:
The treaty was ratified by king Philip IV in Madrid on 1 March, and by the
Assembly of the States General in the Hague on 18 April and solemnly published and announced in the
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from Dordrecht vehemently pushed for this peace. In January 1646, eight Dutch representatives arrived in Münster to begin negotiations; these included two delegates from
1819:
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1973:
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peace was definitively signed and solemnly ratified with an oath by Dutch and Spanish envoys, while a huge crowd was spectating the proceedings from the sidelines.
160:
2710:
1948:
1214:
Buitenplaatsen in de Gouden Eeuw: De rijkdom van het buitenleven in de Republik. Herausgegeben von Y. Kuiper, Ben Olde Meierink, Elyze Storms-Smeets, S. 71 (2015)
946:
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in Spain preserves the other Dutch-language copy ("ES.47161.AGS//EST,LEG,2943,27") and the other French-language copy ("ES.47161.AGS//EST,LEG,2943,28").
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198:. On 8 January 1647, a provisional peace agreement was reached, recognizing the status quo in the East and West Indies, as well as the patents of the
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This article is about the 1648 treaty between Spain and the Dutch Republic. For the 1648 treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire, see
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The States General sent eight delegates from several of the provinces as none trusted the others to represent them adequately. They were
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1268:(1970) Van rijkdom en regenten. Handboek tot de economische en sociale geschiedenis van Nederland tijdens de Republiek, pp. 31–32
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During the peace talks, negotiators representing the Republic and Spain reached an agreement relatively quickly. The text of the
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57:, the terms of which were agreed on 30 January 1648. The treaty, negotiated in parallel to, but not part of, the
576:("Philip") – and both bearing his seal in solid gold. They are on display in the archive's exhibition room. The
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Scans from the National Archives (The Hague) of the French-language version (12588.55C) of the Peace of Münster
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and Johan de Knuyt, representing Holland and Zeeland, reached an armistice for twenty years and recognition of
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Scans from the National Archives (The Hague) of the Dutch-language version (12588.55B) of the Peace of Münster
681:
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on 15 May 1648. The delegate of Zeeland refused to attend, and the delegate of Utrecht suffered a possibly
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Archives of the peace treaty of Münster with the signatures and personal seals of the negotiators, in the
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Printed Latin and German translations of the original text of the Peace of Münster (30 January 1648)
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Manzano Baena, Laura (Winter 2007), "Negotiating Sovereignty: The Peace Treaty of Münster, 1648",
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Gijs Rommelse, "The Role of Mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political relations, 1650–74", p. 596.
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Unie – Bestand – Vrede. Drie fundamentele wetten van de Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden
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61:, is a key event in Dutch history, marking the formal recognition of the independent
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230:(Overijssel), Frans van Donia (Friesland), Adriaen Clant tot Stedum (Groningen),
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was involved in the request. He provided ships to transport Spanish silver from
17:
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Amsterdam: a brief life of the city. By Geert Mak, Harvill Press (1999), p. 123
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182:
107:
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admiralties to issue passports for the export of silver imported from Spain.
2380:
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2169:
1513:
Lesaffer, Randall (2006). "Siege Warfare and the Early Modern Laws of War".
543:
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114:. With the initiation of Spanish-Dutch peace talks, Dutch trade with the
88:
The Swearing of the Oath of Ratification of the Treaty of Münster in 1648
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Detail of the Peace of Westphalia in Münster. (Gerard Terborch 1648)
42:
1434:"EST,LEG,2943,27 –Treaty of peace between Spain and The Netherlands"
159:
with one each from the other six provinces. The Spanish envoys were
1299:
http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/12894060/
266:. The States General narrowly approved the Treaty on 5 June 1648.
582:
533:
525:
242:
216:
181:
173:
97:
82:
2450:
1599:
1487:(in cooperation with H.L.Ph. Leeuwenberg and H.B. van der Weel)
1256:. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1995, S. 602. ISBN 978-0-19-820734-4
1254:
The Dutch Republic – Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall – 1477–1806
1496:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806
1347:
1345:
1282:
1280:
1278:
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1166:, New Series, Vol. 63, No. 3 (August 2010), pp. 591–611.
167:, and had been given great authority by the Spanish King
1542:
Mulder, Liek; Doedens, Anne; Kortlever, Yolande (2008).
127:
and gain on English trade in their American colonies.
1544:
Geschiedenis van Nederland, van prehistorie tot heden
1376:
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1372:
2255:
2218:
2156:
1991:
1885:
1644:
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Adriaan Pauw (1585–1653); staatsman en ambachtsheer
643:but instead recognizes the Lords States General as
106:Negotiations between began in 1641 in the town of
1240:"Eindelijk vrede (1648) | Nationaal Archief"
1226:"Eindelijk vrede (1648) | Nationaal Archief"
1475:. Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 200.
984:Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)
1461:Boer, H. W. J. de, H. Bruch en H. Krol (red.)
2462:
1611:
1408:"Topstukken in perspectief Nationaal Archief"
1331:. University of Massachusetts. Archived from
1121:
27:1648 treaty between the Netherlands and Spain
8:
274:differences resulted in political conflict.
186:Europe after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648
161:Gaspar de Bracamonte, 3rd Count of Peñaranda
1202:Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid
546:. The treaty is about forty pages in total.
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1997:
1891:
1852:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands
1618:
1604:
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658:
1530:, Volume 28, Number 4, pp. 617–641.
1516:Ius Brabanticum, ius commune, ius gentium
1363:
1351:
1286:
572:("I the King"), the other in French with
247:Proclamation of the treaty of Münster by
1564:. 's-Gravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff, 1948.
1320:
1318:
289:
171:who had been suing for peace for years.
1847:Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
1141:
672:
661:
632:
588:The Celebration of the Peace of Münster
1309:
962:constituent country within the kingdom
112:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
1184:
1182:
1180:
255:states, her colonies and dominions.
7:
1590:Tratado de Münster (1648) en español
1546:. Baarn: HBuitgevers. p. 288.
25:
639:The Treaty does not use the word
1097:
680:
32:Treaty of Münster (October 1648)
1200:Andries and Cornelis Bicker at
2721:Dutch Republic–Spain relations
2681:Treaties of the Dutch Republic
1:
2711:Eighty Years' War (1621–1648)
2676:1648 in the Holy Roman Empire
1872:Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
1326:"The Treaty of Münster, 1648"
697:Prehistory of the Netherlands
1528:History of Political Thought
1498:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
578:Archivo General de Simancas
2742:
2726:Thirty Years' War treaties
2691:1648 in the Dutch Republic
1638:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1066:Inventions and discoveries
1009:Whaling in the Netherlands
674:History of the Netherlands
592:Bartholomeus van der Helst
151:from Amsterdam as well as
76:
29:
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2486:
2415:
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2165:
2000:
1964:Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta
1894:
1708:Development urban centers
1634:
1469:Groenveld, Simon (2009).
208:Frederick Henry of Orange
1592:– Modern Spanish version
1382:"Eindelijk vrede (1648)"
559:In the Netherlands, the
530:Adriaan Pauw (1585-1653)
200:Dutch East India Company
51:Seven United Netherlands
2686:Peace treaties of Spain
1465:. Heemstede, VOHB, 1985
1163:Economic History Review
2311:Decorations and medals
1760:Burgundian Netherlands
1149:1648 Treaty of Munster
1104:Netherlands portal
937:Sovereign Principality
790:Burgundian Netherlands
594:
568:– one in Spanish with
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187:
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103:
95:
2306:Customs and etiquette
840:Dutch colonial empire
586:
537:
529:
246:
185:
178:Peace Hall in Münster
177:
133:Bicker-De Graeff Clan
101:
86:
2341:Orders of knighthood
1974:World Heritage Sites
1877:Coronavirus pandemic
1867:European debt crisis
1840:Dutch Liberation Day
1765:Habsburg Netherlands
1562:De vrede van Munster
1252:Jonathan I. Israel:
795:Habsburg Netherlands
615:, consisting of the
260:town hall of Münster
190:On 30 January 1646,
47:Lords States General
1949:Mountains and hills
1800:Batavian Revolution
1780:Spanish Netherlands
1775:Seventeen Provinces
1312:, pp. 596–597.
917:First French Empire
902:Batavian Revolution
805:Spanish Netherlands
800:Seventeen Provinces
621:Treaty of Osnabrück
613:Peace of Westphalia
294:Twelve Years' Truce
284:Twelve Years' Truce
221:Spanish Netherlands
79:Peace of Westphalia
65:and the end of the
59:Peace of Westphalia
2706:History of Münster
2200:Telecommunications
1810:Kingdom of Holland
1522:. pp. 87–109.
994:Amsterdam Entrepôt
912:Kingdom of Holland
595:
548:
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264:diplomatic illness
252:
204:West India Company
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2129:Political parties
2065:Foreign relations
1987:
1986:
1857:Same-sex marriage
1805:Batavian Republic
1785:Eighty Years' War
1755:Holy Roman Empire
1560:Poelhekke, J. J.
1386:Nationaal Archief
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1137:
907:Batavian Republic
825:Eighty Years' War
785:Holy Roman Empire
780:Lower Lotharingia
617:Treaty of Münster
609:Thirty Years' War
604:Act of Abjuration
561:National Archives
540:National Archives
524:
523:
249:Wenceslaus Hollar
206:. In March 1647,
196:State sovereignty
149:Andries de Graeff
125:English Civil War
120:Iberian Peninsula
67:Eighty Years' War
16:(Redirected from
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2477:Treaties of the
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2233:Public transport
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1998:
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1718:Frankish Kingdom
1681:Migration Period
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1338:on 13 July 2019.
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1044:Colonial history
1034:Military history
975:Economic history
830:Dutch Golden Age
765:Frankish Kingdom
729:Migration Period
684:
659:
648:
637:
410:Peace of Münster
290:
135:. Their leaders
92:Gerard ter Borch
39:Peace of Münster
21:
18:Peace of Munster
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1983:
1979:Zuiderzee Works
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1862:Great Recession
1741:Frisian Freedom
1713:Frisian Kingdom
1654:Germanic tribes
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1414:. 27 March 2019
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1151:. Rijks Museum/
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2015:Climate change
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287:as follows::
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153:Jacob de Witt
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55:Spanish Crown
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19:
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2386:Coat of arms
2356:Prostitution
2269:Architecture
2210:Trade unions
2190:Polder model
2175:Central bank
2144:Water boards
2070:Human rights
2060:Homelessness
2030:Demographics
2020:Constitution
1830:World War II
1820:Principality
1636:Part of the
1561:
1543:
1527:
1515:
1495:
1471:
1462:
1456:Bibliography
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1411:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1385:
1359:
1333:the original
1305:
1294:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1234:
1220:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1161:
1156:
1144:
1038:List of wars
1014:Polder model
952:World War II
882:List of wars
644:
640:
635:
587:
573:
569:
558:
549:
409:
293:
281:
272:
268:
257:
253:
232:Adriaan Pauw
225:
192:Adriaan Pauw
189:
165:Antoine Brun
132:
129:
105:
87:
73:Negotiations
45:between the
38:
36:
2481:(1618–1648)
2403:Terminology
2351:Pornography
2092:Enforcement
2082:Immigration
2055:Health care
2035:Drug policy
1914:Earthquakes
1909:Delta Works
1770:Renaissance
1676:Cananefates
1627:Netherlands
1310:Israel 1995
999:Tulip mania
957:Netherlands
858:Cape Colony
854:East Indies
775:Lotharingia
715:Cananefates
611:ended with
2670:Categories
2641:Westphalia
2521:Königsberg
2503:Nikolsburg
2326:Literature
2316:Irreligion
2124:Parliament
2050:Euthanasia
2025:Corruption
1795:Golden Age
1388:(in Dutch)
1076:Healthcare
1061:Literature
655:References
590:(1648) by
77:See also:
2655:Campaigns
2629:Eulenberg
2617:Brömsebro
2575:Compiègne
2569:Ebersdorf
2563:Heilbronn
2527:Franzburg
2515:Pressburg
2509:The Hague
2321:Languages
2220:Transport
2170:AEX index
2114:Provinces
2097:Law Firms
2045:Elections
2040:Education
1969:Volcanoes
1929:Gas field
1887:Geography
1659:Roman Era
844:evolution
724:Roman era
645:sovereign
570:Yo el Rey
566:Philip IV
544:The Hague
169:Philip IV
110:, in the
2551:Bärwalde
2431:Category
2366:Religion
2279:Cannabis
2195:Taxation
2185:Euronext
2139:Military
2005:Abortion
1993:Politics
1750:Guelders
1733:Flanders
1699:Dorestad
1690:Frisians
1536:26222899
1494:(1995).
1172:40929818
1086:Religion
1081:Heraldry
1050:Language
930:Monarchy
867:Americas
834:painting
818:Republic
754:Medieval
734:Frisians
665:a series
663:Part of
641:Republic
619:and the
598:See also
574:Philippe
278:Contents
202:and the
145:Cornelis
118:and the
53:and the
2605:Dorsten
2599:Hamburg
2545:Stettin
2422:Outline
2376:Symbols
2289:Cuisine
2257:Culture
2228:Cycling
2205:Tourism
2158:Economy
2104:Monarch
2010:Cabinet
1954:Regions
1944:Mammals
1934:Islands
1746:Brabant
1737:Holland
1703:Utrecht
1668:Chamavi
1646:History
871:Guianas
719:Chamavi
415:Art. 1
412:(1648)
299:Art. 1
296:(1609)
239:Outcome
219:to the
157:Holland
137:Andries
108:Münster
49:of the
2643:(1648)
2637:(1647)
2631:(1646)
2625:(1645)
2619:(1645)
2613:(1642)
2611:Goslar
2607:(1639)
2601:(1638)
2595:(1636)
2589:(1636)
2587:Wismar
2583:(1635)
2581:Prague
2577:(1635)
2571:(1634)
2565:(1633)
2559:(1631)
2553:(1631)
2547:(1630)
2541:(1629)
2539:Lübeck
2535:(1628)
2533:Munich
2529:(1627)
2523:(1627)
2517:(1626)
2511:(1625)
2505:(1621)
2499:(1620)
2493:(1619)
2491:Munich
2436:Portal
2381:Anthem
2346:People
2284:Cinema
2180:Energy
1959:Rivers
1904:Cities
1694:Franks
1686:Saxons
1672:Batavi
1664:Frisii
1550:
1534:
1502:
1479:
1443:9 July
1418:9 July
1392:9 July
1170:
1028:Topics
875:Brazil
742:Saxons
738:Franks
711:Batavi
707:Frisii
667:on the
555:Copies
326:10/11
116:Levant
43:treaty
41:was a
2593:Wesel
2371:Sport
2336:Music
2331:Media
1939:Lakes
1899:Birds
1532:JSTOR
1520:(PDF)
1438:PARES
1412:Issuu
1336:(PDF)
1329:(PDF)
1168:JSTOR
691:Early
627:Notes
217:Cadiz
2623:Linz
2396:Lion
2391:Flag
2294:Wine
2075:LGBT
1548:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1445:2022
1420:2022
1394:2022
1056:LGBT
163:and
147:and
139:and
37:The
2635:Ulm
2497:Ulm
2274:Art
2087:Law
863:WIC
850:VOC
542:in
520:79
517:77
514:75
511:63
508:62
505:61
502:60
499:59
496:58
493:57
490:56
487:55
484:54
481:51
478:48
475:47
472:46
469:43
466:42
463:34
460:33
457:32
454:31
451:25
448:24
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404:38
401:37
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389:32
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368:25
365:24
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347:18
344:17
341:16
338:15
335:14
332:13
329:12
223:.
90:by
2672::
1748:,
1739:,
1735:,
1701:,
1692:,
1688:,
1674:,
1670:,
1666:,
1436:.
1410:.
1384:.
1371:^
1344:^
1317:^
1273:^
1179:^
873:,
869:,
865::
856:,
852::
846:)
740:,
736:,
717:,
713:,
709:,
433:8
430:7
427:5
424:4
421:3
418:2
323:9
320:8
317:7
314:6
311:5
308:4
305:3
302:2
143:,
69:.
2470:e
2463:t
2456:v
1619:e
1612:t
1605:v
1556:.
1538:.
1508:.
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