2028:. According to a statistical analysis published in 2014, states that share a trans-boundary protected area are slightly less likely to engage with militarized disputes with each other. But the question remains whether the TBPA is a driver or consequence on better interstate relations in these cases. A more recent analysis triangulates data from various sources to show that international environmental cooperation (in the form of TBPAs and water treaties) increases the likelihood for reconciliation between states in conflict. The effect is, however, modest and contingent on a number of context factors such as high levels of environmental attention, internal political stability, a tradition of environmental cooperation and already ongoing processes of reconciliation.
1723:
2110:
720:
38:
200:
104:
a degree of cooperation across one or more boundaries between (or within) countries." The
Southern Africa Development Community's Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement defines Transfrontier Conservation Area as "the area or the component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries, encompassing one or more protected areas, as well as multiple resources use areas." The Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network (GTPAN) lists four types of "transboundary conservation areas:"
1769:
2082:
1153:
2096:
4902:
1596:
583:
871:. It is composed of multiple national parks across the participating nations, covering the world's largest contiguous system of mudflats and intertidal sand. The Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea coordinates the site's conservation. Wadden Sea is also designated as a transboundary Ramsar wetland.
1987:
Transboundary protected areas are also termed peace parks. They are supposed to facilitate cooperation and exchange between (adversary) countries, to improve livelihoods of local populations, to demonstrate the possibility of positive-sum interactions, and hence to support more peaceful international
103:
TBPAs exist in various types of geographic configuration, with various levels of ecological protection, and with various levels of international cooperation. Additionally, different organizations employ different definitions for TBPAs. Julia Marton-Lefevre broadly defines TBPAs as "areas that involve
121:
GTPAN defines a transboundary protected area as "a clearly defined geographical space that includes protected areas that are ecologically connected across one or more international boundaries and involves some form of cooperation." GTPAN defines a transboundary conservation landscape and/or seascape
1776:
TBPA advocates by 2006 had identified additional sites for protection. Professor Saleem Ali of the
University of Vermont noted that "numerous ecologically sensitive areas remain unprotected" and cites a 2006 "geographic information systems (GIS) study" that "found 104 transboundary wild areas
2048:
three-week course offered in five languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Arabic. Financial support is provided by the
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Peace and Biodiversity Dialogue Initiative funded by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea.
2031:
However, a number of authors criticize that peace parks have a very limited impact on formal relations between states, but can accelerate conflicts on the local level, for instance by extending (authoritarian) state control, by prioritizing business and tourism over the interests of local
86:
TBPAs exist in many forms around the world, and are established for various reasons. The preservation of traditional animal migration patterns, ensuring sufficient food and water sources for population growth, is a critical reason for the creation of TBPAs. However, TBPAs also encourage
1815:
is a potential TBPA/peace park. Professor Salem Ali notes that the DMZ has "become a sanctuary for wildlife, since there is no development activity occurring in the area." Nelson
Mandela traveled to South Korea to promote such an idea.
2069:
The course is designed for Peace Park development practitioners and environmental peacebuilding enthusiasts but is open to everyone. Participants must create an account on
Learning for Nature before registering for the course.
2032:
populations, and by excluding local people from the protected areas. TBPAs can also stimulate (low-level) international conflicts, for instance about the sharing of revenues or the presence of human populations in the parks.
297:
in the respective nations comprise the core of the site, with additional forested buffer zones extending beyond the parks. A Trinational
Monitoring and Action Committee provides ministerial level coordination between the
4439:
152:
In 1932, the governments of Canada and the United States passed legislation creating the first international peace park: Waterton-Glacier
International Peace Park. This action followed from a joint resolution of the
1170:
125:
GTPAN defines a transboundary conservation migration area as "wildlife habitats in two or more countries that are necessary to sustain populations of migratory species and involve some form of cooperation."
457:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the borders of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and
Zimbabwe. It is the world's largest TBPA and encompasses the Mosi-oa-Tunya World Heritage site listed above.
3300:
1563:
1935:
1509:
122:
as "an ecologically connected area that includes both protected areas and multiple resource use areas across one or more international boundaries and involves some form of cooperation."
4122:
129:
GTPAN defines a "park for peace" as "any of the three types of transboundary conservation areas dedicated to the promotion, celebration and/or commemoration of peace and cooperation."
1745:
1726:
515:
A transboundary conservation complex crosses the border of
Burkina Faso and CĂ´te d'Ivoire. It is composed partially of a Ramsar wetland in Burkina Faso and the National Park of
2005:
1748:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere crossing the border of
Morocco and Spain. It is a contiguous site, combining land in Morocco and Spain connected by the Strait of Gibraltar.
1949:
454:
896:
are cooperatively managed transboundary wetlands on the border of Hungary and Slovakia. This was the first declaration of a transboundary wetland under the Ramsar Convention.
832:
1988:
relations. There are several cases documented in which trans-boundary conservation contributed to conflict resolution (although it was not the main driver), such as in the
183:
A 2001 study by the World Conservation Union found "there were 166 existing transboundary protected area complexes worldwide comprising 666 individual conservation zones."
1929:
1917:
448:
1186:
1573:
A transboundary Ramsar wetlands complex lies on the on border of Belize and Guatemala, and is composed of Belize's Reserva de Usos Multiples Rio Sarstun and Guatemala's
1512:(also known as Trifinio Fraternidad) is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve on the border of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. It is composed of El Salvador's
2405:
1208:
1249:
National Parks in 1932. In contrast to other peace parks, the primary purpose of the union was to serve as a symbol of friendship and peace between the two countries.
2760:
1461:
is a transboundary conservation complex composed of Mexico's Parque Nacional Canon de Santa Elena and Area Natural Protegida Maderas del Carmen, the United States'
975:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of France and Germany. It is composed of Rhin superieur/Oberrhein in France and Oberrhein/Rhin superieur in Germany.
186:
In 2007, the Global Transboundary Conservation Network published a global inventory of transboundary protected areas identifying 227 transboundary protected areas.
3404:
410:
304:
is a UNESCO World Heritage complex on the border of Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda. It is partially composed of Democratic Republic of Congo's
1019:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Hungary and Slovakia. It is composed of the Feslo-Tisza site in Hungary and the Tisa River site in Slovakia.
1034:
Of the world's twenty transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserves, twelve are in Europe. Spain, Portugal, Poland, and Ukraine each contribute to three reserves.
1004:
477:
Kilimanjaro is a transboundary conservation complex centered around Mount Kilimanjaro and on the border of Kenya and Tanzania. It is composed of Tanzania's
3955:
1503:
1622:
and Peru's Zona Reservada Santiago-Comaina. The countries agreed to create the protected area as part of a settlement to a border conflict in the 1990s.
1570:
site in Panama. The Global Transboundary Conservation Network includes this site as part of Parque International La Amsted in its 2007 global inventory.
4711:
Environmental Peacebuilding: Environmental Cooperation as an Instrument of Crisis Prevention and Peacebuilding: Conditions for Success and Constraints
3910:
1230:
49:
1010:
605:
4663:"Does environmental peacemaking between states work? Insights on cooperative environmental agreements and reconciliation in international rivalries"
893:
760:
1923:
1252:
1001:
is a transboundary Ramsar site on the border of Bulgaria and Romania. It is composed of Belene Islands Complex in Bulgaria and Suhaia in Romania.
798:
494:
354:
4709:
4949:
1885:
1321:
1190:
3971:
2326:
2191:
673:
1552:
927:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland. The site is also a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve.
902:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Bulgaria and Romania. It is composed of Ibisha Island in Bulgaria and Bistret in Romania.
1797:
1722:
802:
500:
Malawi-Zambia TFCA is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Malawi and Zambia. It crosses the border at multiple locations.
1451:
is a transboundary conservation complex composed of Mexico's El Picante y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve and the United States'
1448:
1283:
The border of Canada and the United States has multiple additional transboundary conservation complexes, including complexes composed of:
643:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia. The countries have two additional TBPAs on their border.
599:
433:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. It is partially composed of Mozambique's
1452:
1399:
1541:
San Juan River Basin is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. It is composed of Costa Rica's
301:
2041:
1625:
1546:
1521:
1405:
1393:
1344:
1329:
1198:
4798:
BĂĽscher, Bram; Ramutsindela, Maano (2015-12-24). "Green Violence: Rhino Poaching and the War to Save Southern Africa's Peace Parks".
2282:
640:
4592:
3886:
2215:
1858:
region has increased, there has been a global call to declare the Arctic region as a global sanctuary/international peace park. The
1044:
256:
4728:
Barquet, Karina; Lujala, Päivi; Rød, Jan Ketil (September 2014). "Transboundary conservation and militarized interstate disputes".
2254:
1993:
1903:
1178:
1062:
686:
430:
309:
1025:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Belgium and Luxembourg, composed of sites of the same name in both countries.
719:
2845:
1556:
1410:
1340:
1309:
1299:
848:
623:
294:
1751:
A transboundary UNESCO World Heritage complex is on the border of Colombia and Panama. It is composed primarily of Colombia's
981:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Belarus and Ukraine. It is composed of the Prostyr site in Belarus and the
946:
905:
1641:
242:
3939:
1482:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Belize, Guatemala and Mexico. It is partly composed of Guatemala's
924:
37:
1574:
1527:
1317:
1313:
940:
313:
676:(also known as Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary) is a transboundary protected area between Malaysia and the Philippines.
1879:
1777:
involving 61 countries that are not formally part of any conservation park." Specific sites for proposed TBPAs include:
1325:
1295:
1246:
1242:
466:
Kidepo is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of South Sudan and Uganda. It is composed of South Sudan's
460:
420:
844:
132:
In many instances, individual TBPAs are part of broader international environmental or cultural programs. TBPAs can be
4610:"Understanding the co-existence of conflict and cooperation: Transboundary ecosystem management in the Virunga Massif"
4561:
3321:
1645:
1358:
471:
236:
31:
1752:
1128:
2239:
1972:), signed on 7 December 2006. This will be the world's largest peace park, covering areas in 5 different countries.
1517:
1499:
1348:
998:
776:
368:
290:
286:
232:
1479:
1086:
199:
1781:
1637:
1513:
1466:
1429:
1336:
954:
860:
478:
424:
45:
1619:
1458:
829:
and Poland. The site preserves a historically significant landscape park originally created in the 19th century.
488:
4959:
4878:
1654:
is a transboundary World Heritage complex on the border of Argentina and Brazil. It is composed of Argentina's
1542:
1370:
887:
663:
442:
278:
141:
4268:"Cordillera del Condor - Negotiating a Peace Park | Institute For Environmental Diplomacy And Security (IEDS)"
2040:
A Massive Online Open Course on Peace Park Development and Management was developed by the Secretariat of the
2017:
1607:
1092:
West Polesie is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the borders of Belarus, Poland, and Ukraine.
4440:"Intercontinental BR of the Mediterranean | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
4293:"Torres del Paine and Bernardo O'Higgins National Parks, Region of Magallanes - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
4024:
3405:"Collaborative Event Ethnography: Conservation and Development Trade-offs at the World Conservation Congress"
1080:
1022:
978:
692:
The Global Transboundary Conservation Network's 2007 inventory lists an additional 49 TBPAs in Asian nations.
394:
1756:
1659:
1655:
1562:
A transboundary Ramsar wetlands complex lies on the border of Costa Rica and Panama, and is composed of the
1378:
1366:
1362:
934:
930:
667:
633:
348:
317:
216:
4906:
4049:
1916:
Limpopo-Shashe TFCA (Botswana/South Africa/Zimbabwe), originally signed on 22 June 2006. Now renamed, see:
992:
899:
2065:
address the challenges associated with the creation and management of these transboundary protected areas.
2044:(SCBD), its Peace and Biodiversity Dialogue Initiative in partnership with UNDP and the NBSAP Forum. This
1867:
1495:
1483:
1462:
1435:
772:
627:
516:
482:
381:
177:
173:
1671:
The Global Transboundary Conservation Network's 2007 inventory lists additional TBPAs on the borders of:
1580:
The Global Transboundary Conservation Network's 2007 inventory lists additional TBPAs on the borders of:
659:
522:
The Global Transboundary Conservation Network's 2007 inventory lists additional TBPAs on the borders of:
503:
2133:
2115:
1989:
1287:
1260:
1016:
950:
434:
305:
282:
1068:
419:
is a transboundary conservation area on the border of Mozambique and Zimbabwe, made up of Mozambique's
2658:
2342:
4954:
2761:"Transboundary Biosphere Reserves | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
2184:
Transforming the Frontier: Peace Parks and the Politics of Neoliberal Conservation in Southern Africa
2128:
1538:. A bi-national Transboundary Protected Area Commission coordinates conservation efforts in the area.
1291:
1256:
611:
509:
438:
323:
154:
1768:
1056:
91:, economic development and goodwill between neighbouring countries, as well as making it easier for
4608:
Martin, Adrian; Rutagarama, Eugene; CascĂŁo, Ana; Gray, Maryke; Chhotray, Vasudha (September 2011).
3979:
1791:
1772:
The DMZ is a habitat for many threatened species on the Korean peninsula, including the black bear.
1174:
1103:
1050:
746:
636:
Transboundary Complex is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Brunei and Malaysia.
467:
364:
220:
133:
4923:
1729:
includes land in Morocco and Spain (light green), and part of the Strait of Gibraltar (dark blue).
966:
360:
4780:
4690:
4640:
4054:
3301:"The dream of a rainforest transfrontier reserve in the Heart of Borneo: cross-border expedition"
2233:
2087:
1897:
1847:
1804:
1739:
1273:
1216:
1047:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine.
911:
Ipoly Valley and Poiplie are transboundary Ramsar wetlands on the border of Hungary and Slovakia.
270:
92:
3156:"La Forêt Classée et Réserve Partielle de Faune Comoé-Léraba | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2381:
918:
3785:
683:
and protecting its wetlands. Mongolia and Russia have two more bilateral TBPAs on their border.
497:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Mozambique, South Africa and Eswatini.
4860:
4811:
4772:
4682:
4632:
4588:
3329:
2399:
2322:
2221:
2211:
2187:
2123:
1152:
808:
742:
357:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
4662:
4076:
451:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
4850:
4842:
4803:
4764:
4737:
4674:
4624:
3639:
3419:
2081:
1567:
1487:
1305:
1269:
1220:
1202:
854:
4609:
3943:
3838:"New Brunswick Vacation | Maine Vacation | Roosevelt Campobello Island International Park"
1859:
1843:
1824:
1423:
1265:
1157:
1074:
1007:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.
696:
397:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Mauritania and Senegal.
165:
137:
3131:
3107:
3083:
3034:
3010:
2986:
2962:
1742:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Kazakhstan and Russia.
969:
is a cooperatively managed Ramsar wetland on the border of Albania, Greece and Macedonia.
949:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Estonia and Latvia. It is composed of
363:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Gambia and Senegal. It is composed of
689:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
2101:
1870:, has received online support from more than 5 million citizens from around the world.
1787:
1077:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Slovakia and Poland.
1071:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Croatia and Hungary.
1041:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Romania and Ukraine.
586:
400:
Mono is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Benin and Togo.
203:
169:
64:
41:
2420:
1089:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of France and Germany.
1083:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Portugal and Spain.
1059:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Portugal and Spain.
1053:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of Portugal and Spain.
679:
Uvs Nuur Basin is a World Heritage Site on the border of Mongolia and Russia covering
4943:
4784:
4694:
1665:
1234:
986:
982:
960:
914:
786:
680:
4644:
1065:
is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve crossing the border of France and Italy.
1651:
1599:
1107:
1038:
724:
463:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Botswana and South Africa.
331:
228:
161:
4123:"Volcán Tacaná | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
884:-Vileity is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Belarus and Lithuania.
881:
413:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Namibia and South Africa.
4741:
3354:
338:. The site is also designated as a Ramsar wetland and a UNESCO biosphere reserve.
4755:
Duffy, Rosaleen (September 2001). "Peace parks: The paradox of globalisation1".
4536:
4001:"Palisades Interstate Park Commission | Palisades Interstate Park in New Jersey"
2803:
Institute for Environmental Diplomacy & Security @ the University of Vermont
2009:
1893:
1889:
1812:
1808:
972:
868:
822:
816:
647:
260:
4292:
4050:"Opinion - Forget Trump's Border Wall. Let's Build F.D.R.'s International Park"
3933:
1549:, and Nicaragua's Reserva Biologica Indio Maiz and Reserva Natural Punta Gorda.
937:
is the Bulgarian component of this complex and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
908:
is a transboundary Ramsar complex on the border of Croatia, Hungary and Serbia.
4846:
4768:
2077:
1863:
1817:
1531:
1491:
1277:
4918:
4864:
4815:
4776:
4686:
4678:
4636:
4628:
4514:
3333:
2225:
1668:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetlands complex on the border of Bolivia and Peru.
491:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe.
180:
to facilitate the establishment of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs).
3424:
2210:. Ali, Saleem H. (Saleem Hassan), 1973-. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 2007.
1629:
1374:
790:
712:
512:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Kenya and Tanzania.
506:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Guinea and Senegal.
375:
4929:
4807:
1854:
As awareness of the importance of conserving the pristinity and ecology of
1846:
and Greek Cypriot territories, is being researched by Dr Anna Grichting at
4901:
4195:"Reserva de Usos MĂşltiples RĂo SarstĂşn | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
17:
3252:"Hamun-e-Saberi & Hamun-e-Helmand | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2062:
develop the skills to effectively plan, establish and manage Peace Parks;
2013:
1969:
1957:
1832:
1241:
border was the first peace park in the Americas, formed by the merger of
1136:
933:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Bulgaria and Romania.
921:
are transboundary Ramsar wetlands on the border of Belarus and Lithuania.
764:
708:
655:
615:
274:
250:
3837:
1800:– Quirimbas Transfrontier Marine Conservation Area (Mozambique/Tanzania)
608:
is a transboundary Ramsar complex on the border of Afghanistan and Iran.
4934:
4000:
3615:
3590:
2021:
1961:
1943:
1611:
1595:
1354:
1132:
1114:
1013:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Austria and Hungary.
1005:
Trilateral Ramsar Site Floodplains of the Morava-Dyje-Danube Confluence
963:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Belarus and Ukraine.
890:
is a transboundary Ramsar wetland on the border of Austria and Germany.
864:
826:
768:
750:
224:
88:
68:
4930:
A-Z of Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Transboundary Protected Areas
4855:
4243:
3862:
3565:
3540:
3515:
3465:
3276:
2608:
2583:
2507:
2367:
1820:
likewise traveled to the Korean peninsula to promote the idea in 2005.
943:
is a transboundary Ramsar complex on the border of Finland and Sweden.
4831:"Peace parks in Southern Africa: bringers of an African Renaissance?"
4489:
4464:
4367:
4342:
4317:
4098:
3810:
3688:
3490:
3379:
3059:
2939:"Partie Camerounaise du Lac Tchad | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2683:
2558:
2533:
2001:
1997:
1965:
1953:
1939:
1855:
1839:
1535:
1238:
1212:
1194:
1122:
1118:
995:
is a transboundary Ramsar complex on the border of Sweden and Norway.
863:
is a World Heritage Site running through the maritime territories of
836:
794:
754:
704:
700:
619:
602:
is a transboundary Ramsar complex on the border of Iran and Pakistan.
384:
is a transfrontier Ramsar wetland on the border of Benin and Nigeria.
264:
246:
3761:
3440:
2633:
2059:
teach participants to make a strong case for Peace Park development;
582:
4267:
4218:
4194:
3736:
3712:
3663:
3203:
3179:
3155:
2938:
2914:
2891:"Partie tchadienne du lac Tchad | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2890:
2866:
2798:
2036:
Massive Online Open Course on Peace Park Development and Management
157:
of Montana and Alberta calling for the creation of the peace park.
4562:"Angola and Namibia sign MoA for Iona-Skeleton Transfrontier Park"
4415:
4391:
4219:"Sarstoon Temash National Park | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
4170:
4146:
3355:"Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
2915:"Lake Chad Wetlands in Nigeria | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2799:"The Ramsar Convention: A new window for environmental diplomacy?"
2707:
1930:
Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation and Development Area
1828:
1767:
1721:
1633:
1594:
1224:
1182:
1151:
1140:
840:
812:
780:
718:
651:
581:
335:
327:
198:
36:
3251:
3227:
1177:
on the border of Canada and the United States. It is composed of
4830:
4099:"Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park"
3762:"Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek"
2025:
1615:
351:
is a transfrontier Ramsar wetland between Burkina Faso and Mali.
3204:"Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2283:"Transboundary Parks Award 2018 - Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park"
1975:
Malawi – Zambia TFCA (Malawi/Zambia), signed on 13 August 2004.
1156:
Flags of Canada and the United States fly on the Peace Arch in
1011:
Transboundary Ramsar Site Neusiedler See-Seewinkel-Ferto-Hansag
606:
Hamun-e-Puzak, south end - Hamun-e-Saberi & Hamun-e-Helmand
4515:"Transboundary Protected Areas as a Solution to Border Issues"
27:
Conservation region spanning the boundaries of multiple states
4879:"Peace Park Development and Management – Learning for Nature"
3911:"Alberta Parks Kakwa WPP Kakwa-Willmore Interprovincial Park"
3228:"Hamun-e-Puzak, south end | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2255:"2007 UNEP-WCMC Global List of Transboundary Protected Areas"
646:
Taxkorgan is a transboundary protected area on the border of
549:
Democratic Republic of the Congo and what is now South Sudan;
111:
Type 2: transboundary conservation landscape and/or seascape;
4913:
1564:
Jairo Mora Sandoval Gandoca-Manzanillo Mixed Wildlife Refuge
1205:. The site includes the world's largest non-polar ice field.
355:
Complexe Transfrontalier Lac Tele-Grands Affluents-Lac Tumba
3180:"Jiwani Coastal Wetland | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
4935:
Trilateral Cooperation on the Protection of the Wadden Sea
378:, composed of sites in Niger, Chad, Nigeria, and Cameroon.
1628:
is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of
1510:
Montecristo Trifinio Transboundary Protected Area Complex
2508:"UNEP-WCMC Transboundary Protected Areas Inventory-2007"
2056:
offer a comprehensive guide on Peace Park establishment;
1171:
Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek
4171:"San San - Pond Sak | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
4147:"Gandoca-Manzanillo | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2708:"Parc national du W | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2343:"Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement"
2208:
Peace parks : conservation and conflict resolution
2153:
1746:
Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean
1727:
Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean
1280:, a large peace structure straddling the border itself.
3936:
A New Manitoba–Ontario Interprovincial Wilderness Area
3664:"Gornje Podunavlje | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
3108:"Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation and Resource Area"
114:
Type 3: transboundary conservation migration area; and
3591:"Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes"
1936:
Iona – Skeleton Coast Transfrontier Conservation Area
1602:--National Parks in Argentina and Brazil form a TBPA.
71:
or sub-national entity. Such areas are also known as
4077:"Plan Trifinio - El Salvador - Guatemala - Honduras"
1924:
Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation and Resource Area
1449:
Dry Borders-Sonoran Desert Biosphere Reserve Network
206:--National Parks in Zambia and Zimbabwe form a TBPA.
1610:is a transboundary protected area on the border of
699:is a transboundary protected area on the island of
600:
Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu - Jiwani Coastal Wetland
4537:"Save the Arctic - YOUR actions make a difference"
4416:"Lago Titicaca | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
4392:"Lago Titicaca | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
1918:Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area
857:is a World Heritage Site in Italy and Switzerland.
4829:van Amerom, Marloes; BĂĽscher, Bram (2005-06-16).
4585:Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution
3972:"Park Info: Interstate State Park: Minnesota DNR"
2319:Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution
1530:is a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the border of
973:Rhin supérieur/Oberrhein—Oberrhein/Rhin supérieur
855:Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscapes
302:Virunga Volcanoes Transboundary Conservation Area
30:"Peace park" redirects here. For other uses, see
1406:Manitoba–Ontario Interprovincial Wilderness Area
1209:Klondike Gold Rush International Historical Park
3713:"Mannavuoma | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
3322:"Opinion | Saving More Than Just Snow Leopards"
2987:"Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area"
1950:Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area
1932:(Lesotho/South Africa), signed on 11 June 2001.
1882:(Botswana/South Africa), opened on 12 May 2000.
641:Lanjak Entimau/Batang/Ai/Betung Kerihun Complex
374:A transboundary Ramsar wetlands complex covers
4564:. Transfrontier Conservation Areas. 4 May 2018
4244:"Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network"
4242:Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network.
3863:"Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network"
3861:Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network.
3737:"Storkölen | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
3320:Zahler, Peter; Schaller, George (2014-02-01).
2867:"Lac Tchad | Ramsar Sites Information Service"
2514:. Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network
2154:"Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network"
727:is a TBPA and home to pelicans and cormorants.
4924:UNESCO La Amistad International Park overview
4919:Beringian Heritage International Park Program
3832:
3830:
3403:Brosius, J. Peter; Campbell, Lisa M. (2010).
8:
4248:Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network
3867:Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network
2512:Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2404:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2380:Canada, Parks Canada Agency, Government of.
2368:Typology of Transboundary Conservation Areas
1626:Glaciares-Torres del Paine-O'Higgins Complex
783:caves for ecology, paleontology and tourism.
481:, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and Kenya's
3811:"Waterton Glacier International Peace Park"
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
1838:A project for the Green Line Peace Park in
1063:Mont Viso / Area della Biosfera del Monviso
894:Baradla Cave System and Domica Ramsar Sites
687:Wasur-Tonda Transboundary Conservation Area
534:CĂ´te d'Ivoire and Ghana at three locations;
326:is a World Heritage Site on the borders of
273:is a World Heritage Site on the borders of
3466:"Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst"
2963:"/Ai /Ais-Richtersveld Transfrontier Park"
1504:Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area
835:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
825:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
811:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
789:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
763:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
614:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
259:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
245:is a World Heritage Site on the border of
4854:
3958:Parc linéaire interprovincial Petit Témis
3423:
2186:. Duke University Press. pp. 1, 53.
1411:Parc linéaire interprovincial Petit Témis
1231:Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
1113:A peace park has been established in the
849:Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido
622:on the Daurian Steppe. It is composed of
190:Established transboundary protected areas
50:Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
4025:"Park Maps and Trail Info | Breaks Park"
3640:"New Transboundary Ramsar Site | Ramsar"
2321:. The MIT Press. pp. i., 2, 7, 14.
1589:Honduras and Nicaragua at two locations.
947:North Livonian Transboundary Ramsar Site
906:Gornje Podunavije - Gemenc - Kopacki Rit
761:Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst
411:Ç€Ai-Ç€Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park
148:History of transboundary protected areas
2145:
1710:Argentina and Bolivia at two locations;
1583:Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico;
1253:Roosevelt Campobello International Park
957:in Estonia and Northern Bogs in Latvia.
495:Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area
67:that spans boundaries of more than one
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2397:
2262:Southern African Development Community
2231:
1978:Chimanimani TFCA (Mozambique/Zimbabwe)
1886:Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park
1716:Argentina and Chile at four locations.
1559:on the border of Guatemala and Mexico.
925:Krkonose/Karkonosze subalpine peatbogs
537:Cameroon and Nigeria at two locations;
99:Types of transboundary protected areas
4835:The Journal of Modern African Studies
4656:
4654:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
674:Turtle Island Heritage Protected Area
108:Type 1: transboundary protected area;
7:
2846:"List of Transboundary Ramsar Sites"
2363:
2361:
2359:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2177:
2175:
2173:
1322:Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
1097:Transboundary Conservation Complexes
941:Mannavuoma - Lätäseno-Hietajoki Mire
405:Transboundary Conservation Complexes
117:Special designation: park for peace.
2584:"Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve"
2421:"Origins of Peace Parks Foundation"
1453:Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument
1400:Kakwa-Willmore Interprovincial Park
779:in Slovakia. The site protects 712
552:What is now South Sudan and Uganda;
543:Central African Republic and Sudan;
95:inhabitants of the area to travel.
2659:"Rwenzori Mountains National Park"
2042:Convention on Biological Diversity
1926:(Mozambique/South Africa/Eswatini)
1835:has been proposed as a peace park.
1547:Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge
1522:Montecristo Trifinio National Park
1394:Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park
1345:Rabb Lake National Wildlife Refuge
1330:Ross Lake National Recreation Area
1199:Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park
737:Transboundary World Heritage Sites
211:Transboundary World Heritage Sites
166:Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands
25:
4048:Reicher, Dan W. (14 March 2019).
3541:"Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski"
3084:"Lower Zambezi - Mana Pools TFCA"
1888:(Namibia/South Africa) (see also
1484:Sierra Del Lacandon National Park
589:is a TBPA in Mongolia and Russia.
257:Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve
4900:
3887:"Cypress Hills Destination Area"
2797:Griffin, Pamela (January 2012).
2559:"Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls"
2108:
2094:
2080:
1904:Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park
1359:Sandpoint Island Provincial Park
1179:Kluane National Park and Reserve
1030:Transboundary Biosphere Reserves
431:Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park
389:Transboundary Biosphere Reserves
310:Rwenzori Mountains National Park
73:transfrontier conservation areas
3687:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
3353:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1911:Memorandums of agreement signed
1528:Parque Internacional La Amistad
1341:Turtle Mountain Provincial Park
1310:Chilliwack Lake Provincial Park
1300:Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
1187:Wrangell-St.Elias National Park
1129:Interprovincial Park of Montoni
624:Dornod Mongol Biosphere Reserve
540:Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea;
4488:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
4463:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
4366:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
4341:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
4316:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
4291:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
4097:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3956:Quebec Official Tourism Site,
3809:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3760:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3614:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3589:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3564:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3539:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3514:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3489:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3464:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3439:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3378:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3275:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
3058:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2682:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2657:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2632:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2607:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2582:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2557:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2532:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1642:Torres del Paine National Park
1618:. It is composed of Ecuador's
1488:Laguna del Tigre National Park
1418:United States interstate parks
1388:Canadian interprovincial Parks
1276:border, and is famous for the
703:which includes the nations of
417:Chimanimani Transfrontier Park
1:
4950:Transboundary protected areas
4318:"Los Glaciares National Park"
1983:Impacts on peace and conflict
1906:, signed on 10 November 2000.
1784:– Kameia TFCA (Angola/Zambia)
1764:Areas in the conceptual phase
1707:Argentina, Bolivia and Chile;
1698:Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay;
1575:Sarstoon Temash National Park
1314:Skagit Valley Provincial Park
999:Suhaia-Belene Islands Complex
876:Transboundary Ramsar Wetlands
823:Muskauer Park/Park Muzakowski
369:Delta du Saloum National Park
343:Transboundary Ramsar Wetlands
314:Queen Elizabeth National Park
4742:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.05.003
4587:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
1900:), signed on 17 August 2001.
1880:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
1636:. It is composed of Chile's
1480:Maya Tropical Forest Complex
1443:Mexico and the United States
1326:North Cascades National Park
1296:Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation
1165:Canada and the United States
1087:Vosges du Nord / Pfalzerwald
573:Mozambique and Tanzania; and
461:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
421:Chimanimani National Reserve
295:Nouabale-Ndoki National Park
243:Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls
57:transboundary protected area
3786:"Hiking the Chilkoot Trail"
3060:"Kilimanjaro National Park"
2370:Retrieved: 31 December 2016
1686:French Guiana and Suriname;
1680:Colombia, Ecuador and Peru;
1646:Los Glaciares National Park
1586:Guatemala and Honduras; and
1566:site in Costa Rica and the
1110:is considered a peace park.
799:Curonian Spit National Park
472:Kidepo Valley National Park
32:Peace park (disambiguation)
4976:
4708:Carius, Alexander (2006).
4465:"Los KatĂos National Park"
1794:TFCA (Mozambique/Tanzania)
1620:Parque Nacional Podocarpus
1518:Trifinio Biosphere Reserve
1500:Calakmul Biosphere Reserve
1459:El Carmen-Big Bend Complex
1402:(Alberta–British Columbia)
1349:International Peace Garden
1318:EC Manning Provincial Park
851:form the core of the site.
777:Slovak Karst National Park
531:CĂ´te d'Ivoire and Liberia;
489:Lower Zambezi - Mana Pools
291:Dzanga-Ndoki National Park
239:form the core of the site.
237:uKahlamba Drakensberg Park
233:Sehlabathebe National Park
29:
4847:10.1017/S0022278X05000790
4769:10.1080/14650040108407715
4667:Journal of Peace Research
4617:Journal of Peace Research
3689:"Srebarna Nature Reserve"
2684:"W-Arly-Pendjari Complex"
2534:"Maloti-Drakensberg Park"
2382:"Designation information"
1713:Bolivia and Paraguay; and
1514:Montecristo National Park
1467:Big Bend Ranch State Park
1430:Palisades Interstate Park
1337:Lake Metigoshe State Park
1320:, and the United States'
1298:, and the United States'
1191:Glacier Bay National Park
1106:running along the former
955:Sookuninga Nature Reserve
888:Austrian-Bavarian Wildalm
525:Liberia and Sierra Leone;
479:Kilimanjaro National Park
425:Chimanimani National Park
142:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
4679:10.1177/0022343317750216
4661:Ide, Tobias (May 2018).
4629:10.1177/0022343311412410
4513:Pool, Catherine (2006).
3412:Conservation and Society
2427:. Peace Parks Foundation
2253:Lysenko, Daniel (2007).
1946:), signed on 3 May 2018.
1874:Areas with treaty signed
1753:Los Katios National Park
1557:UNESCO biosphere reserve
1543:Tortuguero National Park
1371:Superior National Forest
803:Kurshskaya National Park
664:Taxkorgan Nature Reserve
443:Gonarezhou National Park
279:Central African Republic
4583:Ali, Saleem H. (2007).
4519:Nebraska Anthropologist
3934:Ontario Parks Web Log,
3566:"Pyrénées - Mont Perdu"
3425:10.4103/0972-4923.78141
2634:"Virunga National Park"
2419:Thiel, Erhardt (2009).
1674:Colombia and Venezuela;
1638:O'Higgins National Park
1379:Kabetogama State Forest
1367:Voyageurs National Park
1363:Quetico Provincial Park
1081:Tejo/Tajo Internacional
1023:Vallée de la Haute-Sure
989:Floodplains in Ukraine.
979:Stokhid-Prypiat-Prostyr
935:Srebarna Nature Reserve
668:Khunjerab National Park
395:Delta du Fleuve Senegal
318:Volcanoes National Park
217:Maloti-Drakensberg Park
4914:Peace Parks Foundation
4490:"Darien National Park"
4368:"Iguazu National Park"
4343:"Iguaçu National Park"
3277:"Landscapes of Dauria"
3136:Peace Parks Foundation
3112:Peace Parks Foundation
3088:Peace Parks Foundation
3039:Peace Parks Foundation
3015:Peace Parks Foundation
2991:Peace Parks Foundation
2967:Peace Parks Foundation
2238:: CS1 maint: others (
2182:Buscher, Bram (2013).
1868:nonprofit organisation
1773:
1734:Intercontinental TBPAs
1730:
1603:
1496:Maya Biosphere Reserve
1463:Big Bend National Park
1436:Breaks Interstate Park
1413:(Quebec–New Brunswick)
1396:(Alberta–Saskatchewan)
1161:
961:Olmany-Perebrody mires
931:Lake Calarasi-Srebarna
845:Pyrenees National Park
773:Aggtelek National Park
728:
634:Labi Hills/Gunung Pulu
628:Daursky Nature Reserve
590:
483:Amboseli National Park
349:Complexe Kokorou-Namga
207:
178:nonprofit organisation
174:Peace Parks Foundation
52:
4909:at Wikimedia Commons
2134:Marine Protected Area
2116:Earth sciences portal
2018:Cordillera del CĂłndor
1771:
1725:
1701:Argentina and Brazil;
1683:Brazil and Venezuela;
1608:Cordillera del Condor
1598:
1432:(New York–New Jersey)
1426:(Minnesota–Wisconsin)
1365:, the United States'
1343:, the United States'
1288:Ivvavik National Park
1261:New Brunswick, Canada
1155:
993:Storkölen-Kvisleflået
951:Nigula Nature Reserve
900:Bistret-Ibisha Island
722:
585:
435:Limpopo National Park
306:Virunga National Park
202:
40:
4808:10.1093/afraf/adv058
3961:Accessed 11 May 2011
3946:Accessed 11 May 2011
3891:Tourism Saskatchewan
3132:"Malawi-Zambia TFCA"
3011:"Greater Mapungubwe"
2609:"Sangha Trinational"
2317:Ali, Saleem (2007).
2129:Habitat conservation
1757:Darien National Park
1689:Brazil and Suriname;
1677:Brazil and Colombia;
1660:Iguaçu National Park
1656:Iguazu National Park
1292:Vuntut National Park
1257:Maine, United States
612:Landscapes of Dauria
570:Tanzania and Zambia;
567:Tanzania and Uganda;
564:Rwanda and Tanzania;
445:and Sengwe Corridor.
439:Kruger National Park
382:Zone Humide du Moyen
287:Lobeke National Park
160:On 1 February 1997,
134:World Heritage Sites
4730:Political Geography
3516:"Monte San Giorgio"
3441:"Bialowieza Forest"
2289:. 28 September 2018
2287:EUROPARC Federation
1992:region between the
1866:, an environmental
1695:Bolivia and Brazil;
1555:is a transboundary
1438:(Kentucky–Virginia)
1175:World Heritage Site
1104:European Green Belt
833:Pyrenees-Mont Perdu
747:World Heritage Site
660:Wahan National Park
576:Angola and Namibia.
561:Burundi and Rwanda;
528:Guinea and Liberia;
504:Niokolo Koba-Badiar
468:Kidepo Game Reserve
365:Niumi National Park
221:World Heritage Site
63:) is an ecological
4717:. Berlin: adelphi.
4055:The New York Times
3942:2012-03-09 at the
3326:The New York Times
2805:. A1-2012-1: 6–12.
2088:Environment portal
2052:This course will:
1898:Ai-Ais Hot Springs
1848:Harvard University
1805:demilitarised zone
1774:
1731:
1704:Bolivia and Chile;
1604:
1162:
1017:Upper Tisza Valley
771:. It is formed by
729:
591:
558:Kenya and Somalia;
449:Greater Mapungubwe
271:Sangha Trinational
208:
53:
4905:Media related to
3035:"Kavango Zambezi"
2328:978-0-262-51198-8
2193:978-0-8223-5404-8
2124:Conservation area
1069:Mura Drava Danube
809:Monte San Giorgio
749:on the border of
743:Bialowieza Forest
666:, and Pakistan's
555:Kenya and Uganda;
519:in CĂ´te d'Ivoire.
437:, South Africa's
283:Republic of Congo
223:on the border of
16:(Redirected from
4967:
4904:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4858:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4658:
4649:
4648:
4614:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3978:. Archived from
3968:
3962:
3953:
3947:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3409:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3380:"Uvs Nuur Basin"
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
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2112:
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2099:
2098:
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2090:
2085:
2084:
1692:Brazil and Peru;
1644:and Argentina's
1568:San San-Pond Sak
1520:, and Honduras'
1306:British Columbia
1270:British Columbia
1221:British Columbia
1203:British Columbia
1045:East Carpathians
985:Floodplains and
658:. Afghanistan's
626:in Mongolia and
546:Congo and Gabon;
164:, together with
21:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4960:Protected areas
4940:
4939:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4800:African Affairs
4797:
4796:
4792:
4754:
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4749:
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4714:
4707:
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4541:Peoplevsoil.org
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4420:Rsis.ramsar.org
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4396:Rsis.ramsar.org
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4223:Rsis.ramsar.org
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4199:Rsis.ramsar.org
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4175:Rsis.ramsar.org
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4151:Rsis.ramsar.org
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4023:
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4018:
4009:
4007:
4005:Njpalisades.org
3999:
3998:
3994:
3985:
3983:
3976:Dnr.state.mn.us
3970:
3969:
3965:
3954:
3950:
3944:Wayback Machine
3932:
3928:
3919:
3917:
3915:Albertaparks.ca
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3668:Rsis.ramsar.org
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3538:
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3508:
3499:
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3491:"Curonian Spit"
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3232:Rsis.ramsar.org
3226:
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3208:Rsis.ramsar.org
3202:
3201:
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3184:Rsis.ramsar.org
3178:
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3162:
3160:Rsis.ramsar.org
3154:
3153:
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3017:
3009:
3008:
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2985:
2984:
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2960:
2956:
2947:
2945:
2943:Rsis.ramsar.org
2937:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2921:
2919:Rsis.ramsar.org
2913:
2912:
2908:
2899:
2897:
2895:Rsis.ramsar.org
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2875:
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2871:Rsis.ramsar.org
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2848:
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2810:
2796:
2795:
2778:
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2767:
2759:
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2716:
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2712:Rsis.ramsar.org
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2531:
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2517:
2515:
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2413:
2396:
2390:
2388:
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2340:
2336:
2329:
2316:
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2302:
2292:
2290:
2281:
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2201:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2038:
2020:region between
2008:region between
1985:
1913:
1876:
1860:Save the Arctic
1844:Turkish Cypriot
1827:region between
1825:Siachen Glacier
1766:
1736:
1502:, and Belize's
1476:
1445:
1424:Interstate Park
1420:
1390:
1335:North Dakota's
1266:Peace Arch Park
1183:Yukon Territory
1167:
1158:Peace Arch Park
1150:
1099:
1032:
878:
869:the Netherlands
775:in Hungary and
739:
734:
697:Heart of Borneo
596:
510:Serengeti-Masai
455:Kavango Zambezi
441:and Zimbabwe's
423:and Zimbabwe's
407:
391:
345:
324:W-Arly-Pendjari
316:, and Rwanda's
235:in Lesotho and
213:
197:
192:
150:
138:Ramsar Wetlands
101:
42:Flags of Canada
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4973:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4942:
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4932:
4927:
4921:
4916:
4897:
4896:External links
4894:
4891:
4890:
4870:
4841:(2): 159–182.
4821:
4790:
4747:
4720:
4700:
4673:(3): 351–365.
4650:
4623:(5): 621–635.
4600:
4593:
4575:
4553:
4528:
4505:
4494:Whc.unesco.org
4480:
4469:Whc.unesco.org
4455:
4431:
4407:
4383:
4372:Whc.unesco.org
4358:
4347:Whc.unesco.org
4333:
4322:Whc.unesco.org
4308:
4297:Whc.unesco.org
4283:
4259:
4234:
4210:
4186:
4162:
4138:
4114:
4103:Whc.unesco.org
4089:
4068:
4040:
4029:Breakspark.com
4016:
3992:
3963:
3948:
3926:
3902:
3878:
3853:
3826:
3815:Whc.unesco.org
3801:
3777:
3766:Whc.unesco.org
3752:
3728:
3704:
3693:Whc.unesco.org
3679:
3655:
3631:
3620:Whc.unesco.org
3606:
3595:Whc.unesco.org
3581:
3570:whc.unesco.org
3556:
3545:Whc.unesco.org
3531:
3520:Whc.unesco.org
3506:
3495:Whc.unesco.org
3481:
3470:Whc.unesco.org
3456:
3445:Whc.unesco.org
3431:
3395:
3384:Whc.unesco.org
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3359:Whc.unesco.org
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3312:
3292:
3281:Whc.unesco.org
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3243:
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3195:
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3147:
3123:
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3075:
3064:Whc.unesco.org
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3026:
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2954:
2930:
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2858:
2808:
2776:
2723:
2699:
2688:Whc.unesco.org
2674:
2663:Whc.unesco.org
2649:
2638:Whc.unesco.org
2624:
2613:Whc.unesco.org
2599:
2588:Whc.unesco.org
2574:
2563:Whc.unesco.org
2549:
2538:Whc.unesco.org
2524:
2438:
2425:Peaceparks.org
2411:
2372:
2355:
2334:
2327:
2300:
2274:
2245:
2216:
2199:
2192:
2169:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2105:
2102:Ecology portal
2091:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2037:
2034:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
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1973:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1883:
1875:
1872:
1852:
1851:
1842:, between the
1836:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1788:Niassa Reserve
1785:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1743:
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1732:
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1560:
1550:
1539:
1525:
1516:, Guatemala's
1507:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1456:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
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1427:
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1403:
1397:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1352:
1333:
1303:
1281:
1268:, lies on the
1263:
1250:
1243:Waterton Lakes
1227:
1206:
1166:
1163:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1126:
1111:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1057:Meseta Iberica
1054:
1048:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
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1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
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938:
928:
922:
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909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
877:
874:
873:
872:
867:, Germany and
858:
852:
830:
820:
806:
805:form the site.
797:. Lithuania's
784:
758:
738:
735:
733:
730:
717:
716:
693:
690:
684:
677:
671:
670:form the site.
644:
637:
631:
609:
603:
595:
592:
587:Uvs Nuur Basin
580:
579:
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577:
574:
571:
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398:
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386:
385:
379:
372:
367:in Gambia and
358:
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341:
340:
339:
321:
299:
268:
254:
240:
212:
209:
204:Victoria Falls
196:
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188:
172:, founded the
170:Nelson Mandela
149:
146:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
100:
97:
65:protected area
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4604:
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4596:
4594:9780262012355
4590:
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4041:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3982:on 2018-01-29
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2019:
2016:, and in the
2015:
2011:
2007:
2004:, around the
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:
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1881:
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1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1755:and Panama's
1754:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1712:
1709:
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1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:Lago Titicaca
1664:
1661:
1658:and Brazil's
1657:
1653:
1652:Iguacu-Iguazu
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:
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1554:
1553:Volcan Tacana
1551:
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1526:
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1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:Latin America
1473:
1468:
1465:, and Texas'
1464:
1460:
1457:
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1447:
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1437:
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1364:
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1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1339:, Manitoba's
1338:
1334:
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1327:
1323:
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1307:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
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1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
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1235:United States
1232:
1228:
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1218:
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1192:
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1148:North America
1147:
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1051:Geres - Xures
1049:
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1018:
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987:Stokhid River
984:
983:Prypiat River
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810:
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804:
801:and Russia's
800:
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787:Curonian Spit
785:
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470:and Uganda's
469:
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261:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
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46:United States
43:
39:
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4882:. Retrieved
4873:
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4008:. Retrieved
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3984:. Retrieved
3980:the original
3975:
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3929:
3918:. Retrieved
3914:
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3894:. Retrieved
3890:
3881:
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3841:
3818:. Retrieved
3814:
3804:
3793:. Retrieved
3789:
3780:
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3765:
3755:
3744:. Retrieved
3740:
3731:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:
3707:
3696:. Retrieved
3692:
3682:
3671:. Retrieved
3667:
3658:
3647:. Retrieved
3643:
3634:
3623:. Retrieved
3619:
3616:"Wadden Sea"
3609:
3598:. Retrieved
3594:
3584:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:
3559:
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3544:
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3523:. Retrieved
3519:
3509:
3498:. Retrieved
3494:
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3469:
3459:
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3444:
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3383:
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3358:
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3325:
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3304:. Retrieved
3295:
3284:. Retrieved
3280:
3270:
3259:. Retrieved
3255:
3246:
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3231:
3222:
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3187:. Retrieved
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3159:
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3135:
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3111:
3102:
3091:. Retrieved
3087:
3078:
3067:. Retrieved
3063:
3053:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:
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3014:
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2990:
2981:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:
2957:
2946:. Retrieved
2942:
2933:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:
2909:
2898:. Retrieved
2894:
2885:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:
2861:
2852:
2802:
2768:. Retrieved
2764:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:
2677:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:
2652:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:
2627:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:
2577:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:
2552:
2541:. Retrieved
2537:
2527:
2516:. Retrieved
2511:
2429:. Retrieved
2424:
2414:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:
2375:
2349:
2337:
2318:
2291:. Retrieved
2286:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:
2248:
2207:
2202:
2183:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:
2148:
2068:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2030:
1986:
1862:campaign by
1853:
1775:
1600:Iguazu Falls
1108:Iron Curtain
1039:Danube Delta
1033:
967:Prespa Basin
847:and Spain's
725:Danube Delta
416:
361:Niumi-Saloum
332:Burkina Faso
229:South Africa
185:
182:
162:Anton Rupert
159:
155:Rotary Clubs
151:
131:
128:
124:
120:
102:
85:
80:
76:
72:
60:
56:
54:
4955:Peace parks
4907:Peace parks
4763:(2): 1–26.
4757:Geopolitics
2431:31 December
2267:19 February
2010:El Salvador
1890:Nama people
1813:South Korea
1782:Liuwa Plain
1740:Great Atlay
1498:, Mexico's
1233:across the
843:. France's
817:Switzerland
648:Afghanistan
371:in Senegal.
308:, Uganda's
81:peace parks
4944:Categories
4926:(PDF file)
4884:2019-03-25
4856:1871/21865
4802:: adv058.
4499:2018-02-15
4474:2018-02-15
4449:2018-02-12
4444:Unesco.org
4425:2018-02-09
4401:2018-02-09
4377:2018-02-21
4352:2018-02-21
4327:2018-01-31
4302:2018-01-31
4277:2018-01-31
4253:2018-01-31
4228:2018-02-06
4204:2018-02-06
4180:2018-02-06
4156:2018-02-06
4132:2018-02-03
4127:Unesco.org
4108:2018-02-01
4034:2018-01-29
4010:2018-01-29
3986:2018-01-29
3920:2018-01-30
3896:2018-01-30
3872:2018-02-01
3847:2018-01-29
3842:Campobello
3820:2018-01-29
3795:2018-01-29
3771:2018-01-26
3746:2018-02-25
3722:2018-02-25
3698:2018-11-08
3673:2018-02-25
3649:2018-02-09
3644:Ramsar.org
3625:2018-01-26
3600:2018-01-27
3575:2018-01-26
3550:2018-01-27
3525:2018-01-26
3500:2018-01-27
3475:2018-01-26
3450:2018-01-26
3418:(4): 253.
3389:2018-01-26
3364:2018-02-24
3339:2018-01-31
3306:2018-02-05
3286:2018-01-26
3261:2018-02-26
3237:2018-02-26
3213:2018-02-26
3189:2018-02-26
3165:2018-02-09
3141:2018-02-22
3117:2018-02-22
3093:2018-02-22
3069:2018-02-21
3044:2018-02-22
3020:2018-02-22
2996:2018-02-22
2972:2018-02-22
2948:2018-02-09
2924:2018-02-09
2900:2018-02-09
2876:2018-02-09
2853:Ramsar.org
2770:2018-02-10
2765:Unesco.org
2717:2018-02-09
2693:2018-01-26
2668:2018-02-16
2643:2018-02-16
2618:2018-01-26
2593:2018-01-27
2568:2018-01-26
2543:2018-01-26
2518:2018-01-31
2391:2018-11-13
2163:2018-08-15
2140:References
1864:Greenpeace
1818:Ted Turner
1532:Costa Rica
1492:El Mirador
1278:Peace Arch
1274:Washington
1217:Washington
861:Wadden Sea
662:, China's
630:in Russia.
281:, and the
93:indigenous
18:Peace park
4865:0022-278X
4816:0001-9909
4785:144665048
4777:1465-0045
4695:117600202
4687:0022-3433
4637:0022-3433
3334:0362-4331
2234:cite book
2226:173511323
1798:Mnazi Bay
1630:Argentina
1375:Minnesota
1286:Canada's
882:Adutiškis
791:Lithuania
713:Indonesia
376:Lake Chad
140:, and/or
4736:: 1–11.
4645:53334931
4546:14 March
4525:: 41–57.
4061:14 March
3940:Archived
3790:Pc.gc.ca
2400:cite web
2386:Pc.gc.ca
2350:Sadc.int
2293:14 March
2158:Tbpa.net
2074:See also
2014:Honduras
2006:Trifinio
1994:DR Congo
1970:Zimbabwe
1958:Botswana
1952:(KAZA) (
1833:Pakistan
1807:between
1347:and the
1137:Grosseto
1117:between
919:ÄŚepkelai
765:Slovakia
709:Malaysia
656:Pakistan
616:Mongolia
298:nations.
275:Cameroon
251:Zimbabwe
44:and the
4568:16 June
4272:Uvm.edu
4084:Oas.org
2022:Ecuador
1990:Virunga
1962:Namibia
1944:Namibia
1894:Namaqua
1612:Ecuador
1355:Ontario
1247:Glacier
1181:in the
1133:Livorno
1115:Red Sea
865:Denmark
827:Germany
781:karstic
769:Hungary
751:Belarus
225:Lesotho
89:tourism
69:country
4863:
4814:
4783:
4775:
4693:
4685:
4643:
4635:
4591:
3332:
2325:
2224:
2214:
2190:
2002:Uganda
1998:Rwanda
1966:Zambia
1954:Angola
1940:Angola
1856:Arctic
1840:Cyprus
1792:Selous
1536:Panama
1373:, and
1328:, and
1316:, and
1294:, the
1239:Canada
1213:Alaska
1197:, and
1195:Alaska
1123:Jordan
1119:Israel
837:France
795:Russia
755:Poland
732:Europe
711:, and
705:Brunei
701:Borneo
654:, and
620:Russia
334:, and
293:, and
277:, the
265:Guinea
247:Zambia
195:Africa
4781:S2CID
4715:(PDF)
4691:S2CID
4641:S2CID
4613:(PDF)
4080:(PDF)
3408:(PDF)
2849:(PDF)
2346:(PDF)
2258:(PDF)
1829:India
1809:North
1634:Chile
1351:; and
1225:Yukon
1173:is a
1141:Italy
1075:Tatra
915:Kotra
841:Spain
813:Italy
745:is a
652:China
517:Comoe
336:Benin
328:Niger
219:is a
176:as a
79:) or
77:TFCAs
4861:ISSN
4812:ISSN
4773:ISSN
4683:ISSN
4633:ISSN
4589:ISBN
4570:2024
4548:2019
4063:2019
3330:ISSN
2433:2016
2406:link
2323:ISBN
2295:2019
2269:2019
2240:link
2222:OCLC
2212:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2046:free
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